Mark* VIe Control System - Hardware

Presenter Introducing Networked I/O

Date

* Mark is a trademark of the General Electric Company

Contents
Page
• Controls Migration …………………………………… 03
• Architecture …………….………………………………… 10
• Components ………..……………………………………. 16
• I/O Types ……………………………….…………………… 28
• I/O Network ……………………………………………….. 34
• Power …………………………………………………………… 37
• Mark VI versus Mark VIe …………………………. 40
• FAT & Training …………………………………………… 44
 “Mark” Series Controls History
Mark I Mark II Mark IV Mark V Mark VI Mark VI e
Introduced 1966 1973 1982 1991 1997 2004
Shipments 850 2181 1080 3513 1746 214
Application Gas Turbine Gas Turbine Gas Turbine Gas / Steam Turbine / BOP Governor / BOP
Relays for Discrete Solid-state Complete Upgradable CPUs. Upgradable CPUs.
Sequencing & for Sequencing. IC's Microprocessor Distributed VME Backplane. cPCI Backplane.
Discrete Solid-state & Microprocessor for Based. 8086/80286. Processors 186/196. Distributed Networked I/O.
Technology for Control Control Proprietary Backplane Proprietary Backplane Controllers Local/Remote
Redundancy Single Single Single / Triple Single / Triple Single / Triple Single / Dual / Triple
Meters, PBs, Meters, PBs, Black & White PC. Initially
Operator Switches, Relay Switches, Solid-state Monitor with Proprietary. Later Windows PC with Windows PC with
Interface Annuniciator Annuniciator Membrane PBs Windows, Cimplicity Cimplicity GUI Cimplicity GUI

Third Party Modbus & Ethernet Modbus, Ethernet Modbus, Ethernet

Interface Hardwired Hardwired Serial & Proprietary TCP-IP GSM GSM, OPC, DNP 3.0 GSM, OPC, DNP 3.0
10MB Ethernet, Peer- 100MB Ethernet,
to-Peer Peer-to-Peer
Networks NA NA NA Arcnet Communications Communications
Maintenance Analog Cablibration, Analog Cablibration, Software Calibration, Software Calibration,
Interface Pots, Timers Pots, Timers Software Calibration Software Calibration Windows Based Windows Based
Pre-Electronic Gas Turbine Controls (1948-1968) = 1,043

Steam Turbine Controls Prior to 1988

Small Steam Turbines = 1,000
Medium Steam Turbines = 4,000
Large Steam Turbines = 350 Factory & Field Service Trained on Mark I - VIe

3/
GE Confidential
July 2007
 Application Range
9H Combined Cycle

7FA Gas Turbine

Networked I/O, 100MB Ethernet / Fiber

VME Backplane, Ethernet, Windows
Mark VIe
Mark V Mark VI

Proprietary Design

Industrial Steam

Governors

Turbine Control Turbine & Plant Governor to Plant

1991 1999 2004
Structured Design Expandable Design Networked I/O
4/
GE Confidential
July 2007
The Mark VI – Predecessor to Mark VIe

Introduced 1999 - Shipments 1,746

Application: Turbine & Plant Control

Architecture: VME based, Simplex & Triple Redundant

I/O Network: 10 MB Ethernet; 10, 20, 40ms frame rate

Largest Unit: 1,800 sensors, 40ms, 9 VME racks, triple red.

Largest DCS: 6,000 sensors, triple redundant

5/
GE Confidential
July 2007
Reasons for Mark VIe Development

Needed Dual Redundant to Compliment Triple

Needed Distributed I/O

Needed Increased Compute Power & I/O Network Speed

Needed More I/O Types & Communications

Needed Software Tools with more DCS Attributes

Needed “1” Platform with Equal DCS & Turbine Features

6/
GE Confidential
July 2007
Applications
Thermal IGCC Wind Hydro Nuclear

Plant Controls

Unit Controls

7/
GE Confidential
July 2007
Applications
Production Volume
Application Size – I/O Points Controller Sets Timing
DCS for Simple and 500 to 10,000 30 + per year and Since 2004
Combined Cycle expanding

Unit Controls 300 to 1000 / unit 20+ / yr and expanding Since 2004 with systematic
(Frame, Unit, O&G, Aero) transition 200+/yr by 2008
Standard for all 7/9FB’s

DCS for IGCC 15,000 to 25,000 per 20 to 25 / site Reference Plant in Design
(Plant, Unit and Safety) plant started in 2006

Wind Tower 1000 / unit 2000+ / year Complete transition by 3Q07

(4 controls / tower) Up to 100 units / farm

Safety Instrumented 50 to 200 / system New Application SIL 508 certification 4Q2006
Systems

DCS for Desalination plants Up to 30,000 30 + per year and Since 2007
expanding

8/
GE Confidential
July 2007
Applications
Production Volume
Application Size – I/O Points Controller Sets Timing
DCS for Nuclear (excluding 20,000 to 30,000 per 25 to 35 / site ESBWR Reference Plant
safety system) plant started, Lungmen ABWR

DCS for Pulverized Coal 1000 to 10,000 / unit unknown Target First application in 2008

Turbine control & DCS for 4 units/site 5 /site in 2007 Ship 3Q, 2007
Hydro power plants
300 IO/unit + 500 BOP
Mark* IV to Mark* VIe 300 to 1000 / unit 20/yr in 2007 Since 2007
Unit Controls Migration
and expanding
Mark* V to Mark* VIe 300 to 1000 / unit 20/yr in 2007 Since 2007
Unit Controls Migration
and expanding
Mark* VI to Mark* VIe 300 to 1000 / unit Future Future
Unit Controls Migration

9/
GE Confidential
July 2007
Architecture

10 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
 Configuration

Plant Architecture Historian

Condition
Information Network (PDH) - Ethernet Monitoring

Optimization
Operator & Engineers Stations

Control Network (UDH) - Ethernet

Controllers Controllers

Switches Switches
IONet 100MB Ethernet IONet 100MB Ethernet

Process I/O Process I/O Turbine I/O Driven-Load I/O

Process I/O Remote I/O

Process Control Rotating Machinery Control

11 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Turbine Control Architecture
Information Network (PDH) - Ethernet 1 Control with Distributed I/O for:
Operator & Engineers Stations
• Turbine & Process Sensors
• 10, 20, 40ms System Frame Rates
• Simplex, Dual, Triple Redundancy
Control Network (UDH) - Ethernet

Controllers

Switches
IONet - 100MB Ethernet

Driven Load
• Generator
• Compressor

Remaining Process
• Power Island
• Balance of Plant

12 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Turbine Protection Architecture -Vdc
Control, Protection, Monitoring
Controller
2/3
Controller Relay
Dual
Controller Vote
Triple

3 I/O Nets - Speed Difference Detection Trip Solenoids

- Watchdog Diagnostics
(Ethernets)
- Cross-tripping

Backup Protection
2/3
Backup Protection Relay
Backup Protection Vote

“Backup” Protection
- Overspeed with Accel/Decel +Vdc
- Backup Synch Check
- Manual Trip
13 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Time Synchronization
Information Network (PDH) – 10/100MB Ethernet

Operator Stations

Network Time Server

+/-2m Time Coherence Between Controls

Precision Time Protocol (PTP)
Or Network Time Protocol (NTP) +/-1m Time Accuracy

Control Network (UDH)

10/100MB Ethernet
Control Control Control Control
System System System System
With HMI CPU Clock
 Accuracy = 30ms
Mark Ve, Mark VI, Mark VIe, EX2100, LS2100  Coherence = 30-200ms

14 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Communications
Information Network (PDH) - Ethernet
 Modbus Serial & Ethernet
Operator & Engineers Stations  OPC Client / Server
 IEC 60870-5-101 or 104 Ethernet or Serial
 DNP 3.0 Ethernet or Serial
 HMI Client to PI Server Interface

Control Network (UDH) - Ethernet Peer-to-Peer Communications

Controllers Controllers

Switches
IONet - Ethernet Peer-to-Peer Communications

I/O Modules
 Modbus Master RS232, 422, 485
 Modbus Master Ethernet
 Profibus-DP, with Redundant Master Option
 HART
15 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Components

16 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
The Building Blocks
The I/O
The Controller

The Software

The Networks

17 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Key Attributes
 Very Flexible – I/O modules can be distributed individually or grouped in
clusters
 High Performance – Local processor on each I/O module. Compute power
grows as the system expands
 Minimum Repair Time – I/O modules can be replaced individually without
disturbing the rest of the system
 Compact Controller – Single board with processor and redundant
communications to control & I/O networks
 Robust – Controller rated 0 to 65C with no fans; I/O modules rated
–30 to 65C with on-board temperature sensor
 Accurate – Accuracy is rated over complete operating range
 Versatile Networks – 100% Ethernet at all levels
 Reliable Communications – Redundant network ports on each I/O module

18 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Controller
Features
• Single board including:
Main Processor
Control Network Communications - Ethernet
IO Network Communications – Ethernet
USB and COM ports
• Processor: Freescale 8349, 667MHz
• Operating system: QNX
• Base mounting
• 18-36Vdc, 12 watts
• Status LEDs

Environment
• Operating temperature 0°C to +65 °C
• No fans required

19 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
 Mark VIe I/O Packs
Features
• Dual 100MB Ethernet Ports
• Low I/O Density
• On-line Repair per I/O Block
• Operation -30°C to 65°C
• Accuracy - 30°C to 65°C
• 6W Heat Dissipation / pack (approx.)
• NFPA Class 1, Div 2 with Local Temp Sensor
• Infrared Transceiver for Low Level Diagnostics
- Monitor I/O Values, Set I/O Pack Host/
Function Names, Error Status
- Requires Windows Based Diagnostic Tools
on Laptop or Handheld PC
• I/O Packs Plug into Mk VI - Ethernet TSM Support
Termination Boards
• Barrier & Box Type TBs

20 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
I/O Pack Status LEDs
• Power (PWR): Green
- Power is present
• Attention (ATTN): Red
- Off: no fault
- Solid: critical fault that prevents Pack operation
- Fast flash: alarm (connected to wrong TB, no TB, SW loading error)
- Medium flash: Pack is not on line
- Slow flash: manual request to flash to identify Pack location
• Link (LINK): Green
- Ethernet connection is established for IONet (2 per Pack)
• Transmit / Receive (TxRx): Yellow
- Transmitting or receiving data on IONet (2 per Pack)
• Application Specific LEDs
- Example: LED for each Contact Input and Relay Output

21 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Terminal Boards
Barrier Terminal Blocks Box Type Terminal Blocks
& 1, 2, or 3 I/O Packs 1 I/O Pack, but Dual Networks

• Barrier Type
- Derived from Mark VI
- Full Set of Functionality
- Simplex, Dual, Triple Redundant
• Box Type
- Subset of Barrier Type Functionality
- Simplex or Dual Redundant
• New I/O Types vs. Mark VI (Ex: Solid-State Relays)
- New I/O Types Backwardly Compatible to Mark VI

22 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Dual Redundant DCS Cabinets
Front View Back View

Power Distribution
Controllers
* Compact PCI IONet Switches

IONet Switches

I/O Blocks
Power Supplies

23 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Triple Redundant Nuclear BOP Cabinets

Field Wiring Controllers

• Vertical Channels * Compact PCI
• Top & Bottom
Cabinet Access
• Barrier Blocks
• Pluggable
• (2) 3.0mm2
(#12AWG) wires/pt Power Supplies

IONet Switches

24 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Remote I/O
Thermocouple TB
MS5001N at GEAE Plant in Lynn, Mass.

Signal Quality
• Processing at TB
• Processing in
Main Cabinet

• Fiber Eliminates Ground Faults

& Provides Lightning Immunity
• Fewer Field Wires Reduces Long-Term Maintenance
• Skid Mounted I/O Improves Signal Quality
& Reduces Commissioning Time
25 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Remote I/O Panel with “S” Type Boards

Dual IONet Switches

Terminal Boards

Dual Power Supplies

26 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Environmental Validation
Stress Upper Highly Accelerated Life Test (HALT)
Destruct Limit Purpose: Increase Design Reliability
• Applied During Design Cycle to Identify Limiting
Upper Design Factors
Thermal Imaging
Operating Limit • Improve Design Margins
• Result: Increased Reliability U1 Q1
U2
Upper
Specification Increase Stress to:
• Discover Operating Limits R1 R23

• Discover Destruct Limits

Lower
Stress Tests:
Specification • Incremental Thermal Change: -100 to 200C in 10C Steps
• Rapid Thermal Change: -60 to 90C
Lower
• 6-Axis Random Vibration: 10 to 50Grms in 10Grms Steps
Operating Limit • Combined Environment: -60 to 100C Rapid Change
& 10Grms Steps
Lower
Validation of GE & Vendor Equipment
Destruct Limit
Testing range: -50°C to +126°C
27 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
 I/O Types

1. Process Control (also used on turbines)

2. Rotating Machinery (servos, vibration, etc.)

28 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Process Control I/O - Discrete
Redundancy
Discrete I/O Types - General Purpose Board Packs/Board
24 DI (125Vdc, group isolated) 1ms SOE TBCIH1 1 or 2 or 3
24 DI (24Vdc, group isolated) 1ms SOE TBCIH2 1 or 2 or 3
24 DI (48Vdc, group isolated) 1ms SOE TBCIH3 1 or 2 or 3
24 DI (115/230Vac, 125Vdc, point isolated) 1ms SOE on 125Vdc TICIH1 1 or 2 or 3
24 DI (24Vdc, point isolated) 1ms SOE TICIH2 1 or 2 or 3
24 DI (24Vdc, group isolated) 1ms SOE STCIH1 1
24 DI (48Vdc, group isolated) 1ms SOE STCIH4 1
24 DI (125Vdc, group isolated) 1ms SOE STCIH6 1
12 "C" mech. relays w/6 solenoids, coil diagn. (115/230Vac, 24/125Vdc) TRLYH1B 1 or 3
12 "C" mech. relays w/6 solenoids, voltage diagn. (115/230Vac, 125Vdc) TRLYH1C 1 or 3
12 "C" mech. relays w/6 solenoids, voltage diagn. (24Vdc) TRLYH2C
6 "A" mech. relays for solenoids, solenoid impedance diagn. (24/125Vdc) TRLYH1D 1 or 3
12 "A" solid-state relays/inputs (115/230Vac) TRLYH1E 1 or 3
12 "A" solid-state relays/inputs (125Vdc) TRLYH2E 1 or 3
12 "A" solid-state relays/inputs (24Vdc) TRLYH3E 1 or 3
36 mech. relays, 12 voted form "A" outputs TRLYH1F 3
12 fused branches WPDFH1A
36 mech. relays, 12 voted form "B" outputs TRLYH2F 3
12 fused branches WPDFH3A
12 "C" mech. Relays SRLY 1
6 solenoid circuits WROB
12 relay fuses WROF
12 field power outputs WROG

29 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Process Control I/O – Analog & Communications
Redundancy
Analog I/O & Communications - General Purpose Board Packs/Board
10AI (V/I inputs) & 2AO (4-20/0-200ma outputs) TBAIH1C 1 or 2 or 3
10AI (V/I inputs) & 2AO (4-20/0-200ma outputs) STAIH1A 1
16 AO (4-20ma outputs) 8 per I/O Pack TBAOH1C 1 or 2
8 AO (4-20ma outputs) STAOH1A 1
12 Thermocouples TBTCH1B 1 or 2 or 3
24 Thermocouples (12 per I/O Pack) TBTCH1C 1 or 2
12 Thermocouples STTCH1A 1
16 RTDs 3 wires /RTD (8 per I/O Pack) TRTDH1C 1 or 2
8 RTDs 3 wires /RTD SRTDH1A 1
4 Pulse Rate Inputs STURH3A 1
I/O Communications
6 Serial ports for I/O drivers RS232, RS422, RS485 PSCAH1A 1
HART® Communications: 10/2 Analog I/O SHRAH1A 1
PROFIBUS-DP Communications SPIDH1A 1

Specifications
- Operation: -30°C to +65°C
- Accuracy: -30°C to +65°C
- I/O Filtering in Firmware

30 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Turbine I/O Unique Turbine Sensors

Their Turbine Control

Contacts
Interposing
Core Control 4-20ma Instrumentation

General Purpose I/O

Types
Benefits
• Servos
• Fewer Single Point Failures • LVDT
• Less Equipment to Maintain • Vibration
• Better Diagnostics (Can Directly See the Sensor) • Flame
• Fewer Spare Parts • Shaft V/I
• Synch (Auto & Backup)
• PLU / EVA

31 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
 Dual Redundant Input Options Dual Redundant Output Options
IONet TB
IONet IONet IONet
Sensor Switch Controller Controller Switch

Exchange
Process Output

Data
Switch Controller
Controller Switch

Single Sensor & Dual Controllers

Dual Outputs to a Single I/O Pack

TB
IONet IONet IONet IONet
Switch Controller Controller Switch
Sensor - A
Exchange Process Output

Data
Sensor - B
Switch Controller Controller Switch

Two Sensors on Two TBs & Dual Controllers Dual Outputs to Three I/O Packs

IONet
IONet
Sensor Switch Controller
Exchange

Switch Controller

Single Sensor with Two I/O Packs & Dual Controllers

32 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
 Triple Redundant Input Options Triple Redundant Output Options
IONet IONet IONet IONet
Sensor - A Switch Controller Controller Switch
Outputs Driven
from Common TB

State Exchange
Controller Switch
Sensor - B
Switch Controller

Controller Switch
Sensor - C
Voting at Termination Board
Switch Controller
IONet IONet
1 of 3 Servo Coils
Fanned Inputs to Three Controllers Controller Switch

IONet IONet
Sensor - A Switch Controller
Controller Switch 1 of 3 Servo Coils
State Exchange

Sensor - B
Switch Controller
Controller Switch
1 of 3 Servo Coils

Extended Voting at Field Device (3 Coil Servo Valve Actuator)

Sensor - C

Switch Controller

Non-Fanned Inputs to Three Controllers

33 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
IONet

34 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
 IONet Switches Features
• Operating Temp: -40 to 85C
• Operating Humidity: 10 to 95% Non-Condensing
• Shock: 200g @ 10ms
• Vibration / Seismic: 50g, 5-200Hz, Tri-axial
• MTBF: > 2M hours
• Auto-sensing 10/100 Base TX, Duplex, and MDIX
• Up to 2.6Gb/s, High Speed Backplane
Switch Types • Steel Enclosure, Prevents EFI and RFI
• N-TRON 500 Series • DIN-Rail or Rack Mounted
• 508TX – 8 10/100 BaseTX RJ-45 Ports • Redundant Power Inputs 10-30Vdc,
• 516TX – 16 10/100 BaseTX RJ-45 Ports - 200ma (w/o fiber) 400ma (w fiber) at 24Vdc
• 509FX – 8 10/100 BaseTX RJ-45 Ports • Bi-color LED’s for Link, Speed, Activity, and Duplex Status
1 100 BaseFX Fiber Port
• 517FX – 16 10/100 BaseTX RJ-45 Ports Emissions and Safety Approvals
1 100 BaseFX Fiber Port • FCC Part 15 Class A
• 508FX2M – 6 10/100 BaseTX RJ-45 Ports • UL Listed (US & Canada)
2 100 BaseFX Fiber Port • Class 1, Div 2, Groups A, B, C, D, T4A
• CE: EN55011, EN61000-6-2 and –6-4
• EN61000-4-2,3,4,5,6,11, EN61010-1 Class III,
Pollution Degree 2

35 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
IONet Specifications
Controller
Local I/O TB
Pack Field
Switch Device
IONet - Cat. 5 IONet - Cat. 5 Field Wire
100m / 328' 100m / 328' 300m / 984'

Controller
Distributed I/O TB
Pack Field
Switch Switch Device
IONet - Cat. 5 IONet - Cat. 5 IONet - Cat. 5 Field Wire
100m / 328' 100m / 328' 100m / 328' 300m / 984'
or
100FX Fiber
2,000m / 6,600'

100Base TX 100Base FX
IEEE Specification 802.3u 802.3u
Wire Speed 100Mbps 100Mbps
Cable Type UTP Cat. 5 Fiber (multi-mode) *
Connector Type RJ-45 SC
Max I/O Packs / Network 199 199
Topology Star Star
Time Synch Protocol PTP PTP per IEEE-1588
Distance 100m 2 km

36 /
* single-mode: 15km, 40km, 80km GE Confidential
July 2007
Power

37 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Power Sources, Converters, Supplies
Internal Power Converters
Create 28Vdc for:
• Compact PCI® Controller(s)
• IONet Switches
• I/O Packs Power for Electronics
Field Power Sources 24Vdc Controllers
• 1 Source 125Vdc Switches
• 2 Sources 28Vdc
• 3 Sources 115/230Vac I/O Packs

Power for Field Devices

Field Power Sources 24Vdc Contact Ins.

• 1 Source 48Vdc Solenoid Dr.
• 2 Sources Wetting V. Wetting V.
• 3 Sources 125Vdc
115/230vac Can be Fed Directly from
Field Power Source

38 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Power Sources and Supplies
Incoming Power Sources Termination Boards
 24Vdc
 Power requirements vary according
 125Vdc
to the application needs. Example:
 115/230Vac
125Vdc field solenoids
 Any Redundant Combination
 Most power for transducers comes
Controller Power “through” the I/O Packs, is current
I/O
limited per point, and fed to the
Pack transducers.

18 – 36Vdc
I/O Packs
 Single 16-32Vdc from Local Supply
 Exception: Servo I/O Pack is 26-32Vdc
 Local Supply(s): 24Vdc, 115/230Vac, 125Vdc
Switches  Hot-swap with Solid-state Breaker & Soft-start

Power Options
 Power “Source” Voltage Local & Remote
 Power “Source” Voltage Redundancy
(2) Supply Inputs  Redundant Power “Supplies”
10-30Vdc, 260ma @ 24V - Local: Controller & Local Switches
Industrial Grade - Remote: I/O Packs & Remote Switches
 UPS Options for Control & Operator Stations

39 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Mark VI vs. Mark VIe

40 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Mark VI VME Control Module

VME Rack: 13 or 21 Slots

Power Supply

• Industry Standard VME Rack

• Expandable / Shrinkable
• QNX Operating System
• Processors on Every Card
Cables to Termination Boards

Mark VI e
I/O Processing Moved
to Termination Boards • Passive Termination Boards
• Latching “D” Type Connectors
• ID Chip on Each Board

41 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Mark VI vs. Mark VIe Architectures
Operator Stations
Maintenance Stations
Historian
Peer-to-Peer Communications
Control Network (UDH) - Ethernet with GE Controls

Mark VI Mark VI e
Control Module Control Module
Main
Processor

Single Board Controller

VME Backplane Communication Processor
Bus IONet Communications
Master UDH Communications
I/O Processor

Bus
Master
Cat 5 / Fiber
Switch
37 Pin
Cable
Termination Termination
IONet - 10MB Ethernet Board Board
"Internal" IO Bus IONet - 100MB Ethernet
"Internal" IO Bus I/O Pack
Processor &
Conditioning
Local or
Remote
Mounting

42 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
 Mark VI & Mark VIe Comparison
Mark VI Mark VI Enhanced Benefit
 VME Architecture  Compact PCI® Architecture  Change from Backplane to Network Based I/O
 No Remote I/O  Remote I/O  Lower Installed Cost & Long Term Maintenance
 Speed - Electronics  Speed - Electronics  Speed - Electronics
- 20MHz Backplane, Rated - 160MHz Backplane, Rated - Improved Performance
- 300MHz CPU, 16MB Flash - 650MHz CPU, 32MB Flash - Improved Performance
- 50Mhz I/O Card Processor - 266Mhz I/O Pack Processor - Improved I/O Performance (10ms to 1.8ms)
- 10MB Ethernet I/O - 100MB Ethernet I/O - Improved I/O Performance
 Speed – System  Speed – System  Speed – System
10ms Simpl, 20ms some TMR 10ms Any Configuration - Improved Performance in Redundant Applica.
 Simplex & TMR Redundancy  Simplex, Dual, and TMR  Flexible Redundancy & Cost Competitiveness
 Separate Main/Comm. Cards  Common Main/Comm Card  Improved Control Performance & Reliability
 On-line Repair per Card Rack  On-line Repair per I/O Pack  Better Maintainability, MTTR, Reliability
 1 Link to Each I/O Card  2 Links to Each I/O Pack  Improved Communications Reliability
 12 bit Analog Outputs  14 bit Analog Outputs  Improved Accuracy
 No LEDs at TBs for DI & DO  LEDs on I/O Packs for DI&DO  Better Maintainability
 No Temp Sensor at TBs  Temp Sensor on I/O Packs  Better Maintainability
 125Vdc Electronics Power  28/24Vdc Electronics Power  Improved Conformance to Industry Standards
 LAN Based Diagnostics  LAN & Wireless Diagnostics  Remote Access for Ease of Maintainability
 Limited Third Party Interfaces  Expanded Third Party Interf.  Better Systems Integration & More Versatile I/O
 NTP Time Synch 1-10ms  PTP Time Synch 1 micro-sec.  NTSB-Class Root Cause Analysis & Global SOE
Coordination

43 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Factory Acceptance Test
& Training

44 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Factory Acceptance Test

 Software Test
 Hardware Test
 System Integration Test
- Operator / Maintenance Stations
- Networks
 Simulations Available

45 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Training
Locations:
Salem, Virginia
Loveland, Colorado
Belfort, France
On-Site Training
50% class time
50% hands-on time

Controls: turbine, generator, power delivery

Instructors are experts in their fields

Experience includes engineering and

field service

46 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Backup

47 /
GE Confidential
July 2007
Relative Reliability & Cost
Causes of Forced Outages

Field Devices & Wiring 57% Electronics 31%

Survey Diff.
12%

Relative MTBFO of Electronics Only

Dual Redundant

1 1.3 13 15
Dual Main Processors, Dual with Full
Supplies, Switches Redundant I/O Triple
Simplex, Non-redundant Redundancy

Relative Cost of Electronics Only

Dual Redundant

1.00 1.18 1.69 1.89

Dual Main Processors, Full
Supplies, Switches Dual with Triple
Redundant I/O Redundancy
Simplex, Non-redundant

48 /
GE Confidential
July 2007