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    Design Principles For Week 2

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    Crombone Carcass
    The document discusses principles, standards, guidelines, and patterns for human-computer interaction (HCI) design. It outlines goals of usability like allowing users to complete tasks effectively and enjoyably. It describes different types of design rules from principles to standards to guidelines, with principles being most abstract and guidelines having the most specific applications. Key principles discussed include learnability, flexibility, and robustness. Standards ensure compliance, guidelines are more suggestive, and patterns capture successful recurring design solutions. The overall goal is to develop usable products by involving users and following design rules.

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    Design Principles For Week 2

    Uploaded by

    Crombone Carcass
    31 views23 pages
    The document discusses principles, standards, guidelines, and patterns for human-computer interaction (HCI) design. It outlines goals of usability like allowing users to complete tasks effectively and enjoyably. It describes different types of design rules from principles to standards to guidelines, with principles being most abstract and guidelines having the most specific applications. Key principles discussed include learnability, flexibility, and robustness. Standards ensure compliance, guidelines are more suggestive, and patterns capture successful recurring design solutions. The overall goal is to develop usable products by involving users and following design rules.

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    Design Principles for Week 2

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    The document discusses principles, standards, guidelines, and patterns for human-computer interaction (HCI) design. It outlines goals of usability like allowing users to complete tasks effectively and enjoyably. It describes different types of design rules from principles to standards to guidelines, with principles being most abstract and guidelines having the most specific applications. Key principles discussed include learnability, flexibility, and robustness. Standards ensure compliance, guidelines are more suggestive, and patterns capture successful recurring design solutions. The overall goal is to develop usable products by involving users and following design rules.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    31 views23 pages

    Design Principles For Week 2

    Uploaded by

    Crombone Carcass
    The document discusses principles, standards, guidelines, and patterns for human-computer interaction (HCI) design. It outlines goals of usability like allowing users to complete tasks effectively and enjoyably. It describes different types of design rules from principles to standards to guidelines, with principles being most abstract and guidelines having the most specific applications. Key principles discussed include learnability, flexibility, and robustness. Standards ensure compliance, guidelines are more suggestive, and patterns capture successful recurring design solutions. The overall goal is to develop usable products by involving users and following design rules.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 23

    Design Rules

    Goals of HCI

    ❑ Allow users to carry out


    tasks
    ▪ Usability
    ▪ Safely
    ▪ Effectively
    ▪ Efficiently
    ▪ Enjoyably
    What to design?
    Need to take into account:
    ▪ Who the users are
    ▪ Considering what might help people with the way they currently
    do things
    ▪ Thinking through what might provide quality user experiences
    ▪ Listening to what people want and getting them involved in the
    design
    ▪ Using user-centered techniques (UCD) during the design process
    Design Rules

    Designing for maximum usability


    – the goal of interaction design

    • Principles of usability
    – general understanding

    • Standards and guidelines


    – direction for design

    • Design patterns
    – capture and reuse design knowledge
    Goals of interaction design

    Develop usable products


    ▪ Usability means easy to learn,
    effective to use, and provides an
    enjoyable experience

    Involve users in the design process


    Types of Design Rules

    • principles
    – abstract design rules
    – low authority
    – high generality Guidelines

    increasing generality
    increasing generality
    • standards
    – specific design rules
    – high authority
    – limited application
    Standards

    • guidelines
    – lower authority increasing authority
    increasing authority
    – more general application
    Interaction design
    Principles to Support Usability

    Learnability
    the ease with which new users can begin effective
    interaction and achieve maximal performance

    Flexibility
    the multiplicity of ways the user and system exchange
    information

    Robustness
    the level of support provided the user in determining
    successful achievement and assessment of goal-
    directed behaviour
    Principles of learnability

    Predictability
    – determining effect of future actions based on
    past interaction history
    – operation visibility

    Synthesizability
    – assessing the effect of past actions
    – immediate vs. eventual honesty
    Principles of learnability (ctd)

    Familiarity
    – how prior knowledge applies to new system
    – guessability; affordance

    Generalizability
    – extending specific interaction knowledge to new
    situations

    Consistency
    – likeness in input/output behaviour arising from similar
    situations or task objectives
    Principles of flexibility

    Dialogue initiative
    – freedom from system imposed constraints on input
    dialogue
    – system vs. user pre-emptiveness

    Multithreading
    – ability of system to support user interaction for more
    than one task at a time
    – concurrent vs. interleaving; multimodality

    Task migratability
    – passing responsibility for task execution between user
    and system
    Principles of flexibility (ctd)

    Substitutivity
    – allowing equivalent values of input and
    output to be substituted for each other
    – representation multiplicity; equal opportunity

    Customizability
    – modifiability of the user interface by user
    (adaptability) or system (adaptivity)
    Principles of robustness

    Observability
    – ability of user to evaluate the internal state of the
    system from its perceivable representation
    – browsability; defaults; reachability; persistence;
    operation visibility

    Recoverability
    – ability of user to take corrective action once an error
    has been recognized
    – reachability; forward/backward recovery;
    commensurate effort
    Principles of robustness (ctd)

    Responsiveness
    – how the user perceives the rate of
    communication with the system
    – Stability

    Task conformance
    – degree to which system services support all
    of the user's tasks
    – task completeness; task adequacy
    Using design rules
    Guidelines

    increasing generality
    increasing generality
    Design rules
    Standards
    • suggest how to increase usability
    • differ in generality and authority
    increasing authority
    increasing authority
    Standards

    • set by national or international bodies to


    ensure compliance by a large community of
    designers standards require sound underlying
    theory and slowly changing technology

    • hardware standards more common than


    software high authority and low level of detail

    • ISO 9241 defines usability as effectiveness,


    efficiency and satisfaction with which users
    accomplish tasks
    Guidelines

    • more suggestive and general


    • many textbooks and reports full of guidelines
    • abstract guidelines (principles) applicable
    during early life cycle activities
    • detailed guidelines (style guides) applicable
    during later life cycle activities
    • understanding justification for guidelines aids
    in resolving conflicts
    Golden rules and heuristics

    • “Broad brush” design rules


    • Useful check list for good design
    • Better design using these than using nothing!
    • Different collections e.g.
    – Nielsen’s 10 Heuristics (see Chapter 9)
    – Shneiderman’s 8 Golden Rules
    – Norman’s 7 Principles
    Shneiderman’s 8 Golden Rules

    1. Strive for consistency


    2. Enable frequent users to use shortcuts
    3. Offer informative feedback
    4. Design dialogs to yield closure
    5. Offer error prevention and simple error
    handling
    6. Permit easy reversal of actions
    7. Support internal locus of control
    8. Reduce short-term memory load
    Norman’s 7 Principles

    1. Use both knowledge in the world and


    knowledge in the head.
    2. Simplify the structure of tasks.
    3. Make things visible: bridge the gulfs of
    Execution and Evaluation.
    4. Get the mappings right.
    5. Exploit the power of constraints, both natural
    and artificial.
    6. Design for error.
    7. When all else fails, standardize.
    HCI design patterns

    • An approach to reusing knowledge about


    successful design solutions
    • Originated in architecture: Alexander
    • A pattern is an invariant solution to a
    recurrent problem within a specific context.
    • Examples
    – Light on Two Sides of Every Room (architecture)
    – Go back to a safe place (HCI)
    • Patterns do not exist in isolation but are linked
    to other patterns in languages which enable
    complete designs to be generated
    HCI design patterns (cont.)
    • Characteristics of patterns
    – capture design practice not theory
    – capture the essential common properties of good examples
    of design
    – represent design knowledge at varying levels: social,
    organisational, conceptual, detailed
    – embody values and can express what is humane in
    interface design
    – are intuitive and readable and can therefore be used for
    communication between all stakeholders
    – a pattern language should be generative and assist in the
    development of complete designs.
    Summary

    Principles for usability


    – repeatable design for usability relies on maximizing
    benefit of one good design by abstracting out the
    general properties which can direct purposeful design
    – The success of designing for usability requires both
    creative insight (new paradigms) and purposeful
    principled practice

    Using design rules


    – standards and guidelines to direct design activity

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