UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY

(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)

City of Iriga 4431, Philippines

SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH

Course Title : THESIS SEMINAR

Course Code : EDUC 229

Day/Time : SSN, 11:30am-2:30pm

Professor/ : MARILOU D. TINO, Ph.D.

Instructor : RUPERTO ISAGANI G. IBARRIENTOS JR
Name of Student

Title Proposal Approved of MRS. MARILOU D. TINO, Ph.D

“FACTORS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ATHLETES of BATO

DISTRICT IN ATHLETICS”

Statement Of The Problem

Generally, this study aims to determine the factors affecting the performance of

the athletes in Bato District. It seeks to answer the following research problems:

1. What is the profile of the athletes of Bato district in athletics?

2. What is the performance of the athletes in athletics?
3. What are the factors affecting the performance of the athletes in
athletics?
4. What are the problems encountered of the athletes that affect their
performance in athletics?
5. What possible solution or intervention can be proposed to improve the
performance of the athletes?

Take Note:

1. get the USANT format

 THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Teaching is a lifelong, continuous learning. As teachers teach, they also learn

new, different and evolving concepts and ideas, strategies and techniques, and teaching

advancements especially in the field of sports. Teachers are expected to be “in” in

teaching, but sometimes involve themselves in athletics to make themselves relevant in

the ever-changing world of their profession.

Today, 21st century educators are projected to be not only focused in the content

and pedagogy on their subject matter, but also in the use of technics and integration of

sports in their teaching which is part of the yearly calendar of the Department of

Education. Since this is a developing world, a continuous call for change in the

educational process also arises. Today is a millennial era in every aspect of the world,

even in the world of sports. 21st century learners deserve 21st century educators with

their millennial teaching. Knowledge in technology is rapidly increasing, as how Kaput

(1992) compared the computer technology in mathematics education, to that of a newly-

active volcano, it is an explosion rapidly evolving before our eyes with forces coming

from different directions. And because of this, the call for educators to incorporate

technology in the learning environment of sports is also rising.

Nowadays, students are already using technology in their learning. For example,

in Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health (MAPEH) learning environment today,

students use gadgets and internet for some specific research. computers installed with

MAPEH-related software, and even mobile phones with physical sports applications to

practice and know the technics, and rules of a particular game. Everything today is just

one-click away, as quick as learners taking their selfies (self-captured photo) nowadays.

They would like to use more technology such as mobile phones and social networking
sites to promote learning in school as expressed in the sixth annual report of the Speak

Up National Research Project (Manzo, 2009). This is an opportunity for educators to

take the advantage of students’ interest in learning a detailed sports using the new

technology. But of course, it is not easy for the coaches/educators, athletes, especially

of those previous generations, to cope up with this advancement.

In the Philippines, where the K to 12 curriculum is still on its initial stage, there is

also a challenge for current and future sports-educators to use different system in order

to be more effective and competitive in the world of sports competition.

Physical education in the country is contextualized by the Philippine Sports

Commission (PSC), this framework contains resources that could guide or train our

potential sports-educators and secondary athletes in assessing and improving the

performance and career development. Athletes in secondary school in the country is

contextualized by the Philippine Athletics Association (PAA), in this framework, one of

the principles is to develop highly competent physical education teachers for good

quality training on athletics in the country and to develop potential player competing in

South East Asian games, ASEAN games or even in the Olympic game. Sports plays an

important role in the teaching and learning. Therefore, coahes/trainers/teachers must

learn to use and manage trainings, use of sports equipment and resources as well.

In every sports or recreation facilities, it is the facility who is responsible for

creating a facility’s plan. If you are involved with an athletic facility, having a

management plan in place of utmost importance. Management plans have a vast array

of benefits, including optimum financial and social returns, generating support for the

community and volunteers and athletes have had their day in court due to the lack of an

effective facilities management.

 This study aimed to evaluate the FACTORS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE
OF THE ATHLETES of BATO DISTRICT IN ATHLETICS. The researcher will
investigate and will look the answers to the following questions: What is the profile of
the athletes of Bato district in athletics? What is the performance of the athletes in
athletics? What are the factors affecting the performance of the athletes in athletics?
What are the problems encountered of the athletes that affect their performance in
athletics? What possible solution or intervention can be proposed to improve the
performance of the athletes?
The objectives of this study is to identify the performance of the athletes,
techniques, solutions, inadequate facilities, and management plan of Bato District
analyze the advancement of technology in sports advantages and disadvantages.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Generally, this study aims to determine the factors affecting the performance of

the athletes of bato district in athletics. It seeks to answer the following research

problems:

1. What is the profile of the athletes of Bato district in athletics?

2. What is the performance of the athletes in athletics?
3. What are the factors affecting the performance of the athletes in
athletics?
4. What are the problems encountered of the athletes that affect their
performance in athletics?
5. What possible solution or intervention can be proposed to improve the
performance of the athletes?

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The study delved on the factors affecting the performance of the athletes of Bato

District in athletics. The participants of this study were the Athletes and

Coaches/Coordinators of Bato District School Year 2021-2022. The researcher chose

these participants expecting that they would improve, identify, analyze and enhance the

factors that affecting their skills development, through these research it can widened

their knowledge, facilities and equipment become more productive.

The fifty participants were composed of the coaches and students in Bato

District. The difference of the respondents may also differ in their views from the athletes

performance.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings of this study would greatly benefit the field of sports especially in

athletics of Bato district.

Education students and pre-service teachers could investigate their readiness to

integrate technology in their future teaching, thus, they could prepare themselves to

cope up with the continuing evolution in the field of sports.

Curriculum planners of our latest curriculum which is the K to 12, could use the

study as their reference and basis for developing the facilities and equipment in athletics.

School administrators could also be guided by this study to propose and conduct

programs that would help the teachers improve their facility’s plan and avoid the

common problems why Bato District has a low performance when it comes to athletics.

MAPEH teacher could use this study to guide their student-athlete in their

training and performance according to their fields in sports and body proportions.

Technology innovators, especially in the field of education, could use the findings

in this study to propose more equipment in Bato district. They could donate some

standard equipment and facilities to help aspiring athletes to compete with other schools,

other district, province, region, and even to other country.

 Future researchers of the same field of interest could use, innovate, and combine

the newly-developed instrument with other existing instruments and could be a basis for

literature to support their studies.

REFERENCES

Kaput, J. J. (1992). Technology and mathematics education. In D. A. Grouws (ed.),

Handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning (pp. 515-556). New
York: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Macmillan Publishing
Company.

Manzo, K.K.(2009).Students see schools inhibiting their use of ne

technologies.Retrievedfrom:http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2009/03/24/27digi
tal.h28.html?r=19150 00383

CHAPTER II

RELATED REVIEW OF LITERATURE and STUDIES

This chapter presents the literatures and the previous researches that are related

to the present study. It will discussed the factors affecting the performance of the

athletes of bato district in athletics which are training facilities or availability of

equipment, lifestyle, psychological stress, conceptual frameworks, as well as the

definition of the terms used in this study are also stated.

TRAINING FACILITIES/AVAILABILITY OF EQUIPMENT

The success of any sports programme depends largely on the quality and

quantity of available facilities and equipment. Ogudinghe (2006) said that, availability of

adequate sports facilities are necessary ingredients to successful sports and that their

absence negates proper development of sports programme. Adequate sports facilities

enable programmes and events to take place; the role of facilities in assisting the player

development programme appears more prominent and pertinent than the specific

initiative aimed and development or maintenance of sporting facilities themselves.

According to Arjay (2007), there is a positive relationship between availability of

sport facilities and sport effectiveness. The availibility of these facilities contributes to

athlete performance while unattractive sports hall crowded gymnasium, non-availability

of play grounds and surrounding that have no aesthetics can contribute to poor

performance.

Awosika (1996), facilities and equipment occupy such available place in all

ramification of sports administration. Many researcher works on facilities, equipment,

personnel and maintenance show that the areas are deficient and the sports

management in the state of the country are large cannot function adequately. Aluko

(1999), the availability of adequate equipment and facilities play an important role in

sports development. It would not be important to achieve satisfactory results from the

athletes, whose training facilities are inadequate or substandard which in actual fact will

not compliment the work of the coach. Good sports programmes can function at full

effectiveness only when they are supported with quality equipment in good conditions.

Athletes have come to realize that improved performances and development of

skills which can earn them better incentives can be enhanced through better sports

facilities and modern equipment.

Heatley (2011) observed that poor maintenance of facilities and equipment leads

to poor performance in sports at all level of participation. He further emphasized that any

limitation of these facilities and equipment creates difficulties in presenting the desired

variety of sports activities.

 In the other hand according to Roda (2019), there are seven ways to improve the

athletic performance; vary your workouts, track and measure your performance in

training, make proper hydration a priority, dedicate enough time for recovery, train your

brain, fuel your body right way, and consider adding some supplements to your diet. In

additional Fatigue Science (2019), sleep plays an important when it comes to athletic

performance, sleep plays a part in: reaction times, motor function, motivation focus,

unwanted weight gain, injury risk, memory and learning etc. Physical conditioning and

good nutrition are critical in reaching peak athletic performance, but sleep plays an

equally important role. In recent years, it’s become clear that both the quality and

quantity of sleep obtained by elite athletes can be the edge between winning and losing

on game-day.

Meanwhile, Tddrmllr (2018) show the athletic performance curve, a model of

stress-recovery-adaptation cycle which inducing the body to adapt requires an “overload
event” that pushes the body out of its comfort zone. The physical exertion required to
produce an overload event varies depending on an athlete’s training focus and training
level (beginner, intermediate or advanced). For beginner athletes, the overload event is
usually just an increase in stress from the last training session. For advanced athletes,
however, the overload “event” is much more complex, and might actually be many
events over the course of several weeks or months.

when the ’body experiences an overload, its systems are stressed beyond
anything that has been encountered before. The body needs time to recover from that
stress. After the cycle is compete, the body is stronger and better prepared for the task.
At this point, it produce another overload event slightly more stressful level than the last
time, and the cycle starts all over again.

Somehow, Simiyu (2012) contends that the emotional and physical strain of

sports competitions make studying difficult for student -athletes. Godfrey and Satterfield

(2009) and emotionally exhausted when they practicing their sports and were just too

tired to focus on any academic work. Humprey Yow and and Boden (2000)

reported .females athletes complained of time as the most serious cause of their stress.

LAST REVIEW/READ
Meanwhile, Nutrition, health and environment also affect the performance of an

athletes because poor nutrition can lead to fatigue, dehydration and poor health that will

directly affect the performance because of the low immune system. While, athlete and

their environment is directly impacted by the ambient temperature of the environment

which can affect their health because it can lead a risk, injuries, damage and muscle

soreness. The concept of “staying healthy” or ‘optimizing health’ is paramount for

maintaining a stable environment where the athlete can engage in fruitful training

sessions and successful competitions.

TECHNOLOGY in SPORTS

Technology increasingly is playing a leading role in the development of sports

and enhances performances in all faces. Thus, applications of technology allow for more
effective training, stimulations, management and tracking athletes, accuracy of results,
enhanced spectator viewing, developing performance and preventing injuries, amongst
anymore functions (Bush, 1998).

Sports Industry has now five new technologies being used in order the athletes
win fairly such instant replay that enable to see clearly what exactly happened, sensor
tools used to accurately determine the position of the ball at the given time, timing
systems established to eliminate insignificant errors, RFID Chips used to time an
individual contestant in an event, and equipment development to reduce injuries on
athletes by the used of some protective gears.

According to BBC, technology affects many aspects of sports from performance

on and off the field to spectating and public profile. Increasingly advances in technology
bring benefits to sport, but also brings disadvantages. Sometimes the technology needs
to embedded and improve before it is fully effective, often the problems only emerge
after time. The advantages for an athlete make a better performance, feedback from
coaches is more focused, objective and helpful while disadvantages, availability and
cost, tempts athletes and coaches into cheating or unfair practices.

It goes without doubt that technology is affecting all industries of the world, and
sports is no exception. Athletes is not only affected because even coaches are
experiencing the evolution of technology in sports aside from it is costly they also cared
about the performance of their athletes to enhance their overall performance.
RELATED STUDIES

There are numerous researches that studied the factors affecting the
performance of the athletes which focus on facilities and availability of equipment,
training facilities and modern technology.

One of the hallmarks of great athletes is the desire to improve themselves at all
level by the use of training but in some certain point they can’t attain a better
performance for some reason and tm is because of inadequate equipment or standard
facilities. In training athletes train their self to have a good mental training as well as
psychology to become better athletes, and overcome their mental challenges.

Mike Edger (2012) in his article entitled “Common Mental Challenges,” “stated 5
performance barriers: fragile or low self-confidence, breakdown in trust, high
expectations, fear of failure and social approval and perfectionism”.

There are several mental issues when we talk about athletes but mental training
is a tool to break through these mental barriers to perform and achieve their
performance goals. These five barriers are some of the barriers that keeping an athletes
to not perform well it will trigger their capacity to do and achieved their main goal.

Athletes safety must be assessed and manage through the risk inherent to
sports. Facilities staff, coaches are responsible for making sure the proper equipment if it
is in good conditions so that it has no tendency to lead an injuries and accidents.
According to the OHIO University the article entitled The Importance of Facility
Management in Youth Sports, “Sport facilities should have a facility management plan in
place to reduce the risk for all involved in youth sports, from parents to custodian,
coaches and spectators.”

According to Luz an article of Del Rosario (2014) entitled The sad state of
Philippines Sports, “There are no credible sports facilities in the provinces with proper
equipment and competent coaches who can train aspiring athletes to prepare Asian and
Olympic competition”.

There are so many people that aspired to be an athlete and represent their school,
region and country by competing through their different fields in sport but provinces
doesn’t have sufficient equipment. Today especially at social and community levels of
sports and recreation, many improvised and converted buildings or spaces used, and
they maybe far from ideal in terms of safety.

is generally an expensive proposition. And because of the expense involved in these

applications, the benefits derived at least initially tend to be limited to the upper end of
the sports hierarchy. For example, because of cost, changes brought about in sport
through the application of technology tend to be available first to elite level athletes and
teams.

There’s no doubt that having a complete facilities and equipment can improve
one’s performance and enable athlete to compete with other places. Bato District having
a hard time to accommodate enough facilities and equipment and always having a low
profile when it comes in different field of sports. Aside for lack of funds, sponsors it is
also costly for a public school. Aside from that those private school only engage in some
specific fields. Theirs so many factors that affecting athlete performance in Bato District
in athletics financially, mentally, psychologically, physically and emotionally.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The conceptual framework for this study is about the factors that affecting the
performance of athletes in Bato District in athletics that can lead to know the problems
that every athletics encountered. This study is combination of modern technology
equipment in sports and unavailability of equipment that affecting the performance of an
athlete to reach their aim. Technology nowadays is an important part in modern sport,
with it necessary part of some sports and used others to improve performance.
Technology is changing the face of modern sports, sports psychology and coaching.
State-of-the-art technologies is now used to optimize performance in sports but living in
provinces that lack of this advancement can minimalize the good performance.
Assessing technology is expensive and a certain school can afford without fund coming
from local government and other institutions.

Inadequate
Techniques of
facilities and
Athletes
equipment
 Factors Affecting Athletes
Performance in Bato District
Solutions or Modern Sports
Interventions technology

Management Plan

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Athletes – a person engaged in different kinds of sports

Coaches – an instructor who trained athletes to perform their chosen fields

Management plan – allows to formalize and ensure that facilities and equipment are
safe and in place. It is a team community projects wherein managers can seek an
insights to his subordinates to have a better plan.

Modern Sports Technology – a new sport technology that allows the athletic improve
their training facilities and better equipment, athlete’s and trainers now have a cutting-
edge technology to monitor body activity and personalize training to suit their own
needs.

Sports Industry – an industry which people are involved in producing, facilitating,

promoting or organizing any activities that focused on sports.

Student- Athletes - this are student who participate and in any fields in sports in their
school that contributes to represent their school In other places.

References
Aluko, E. (1998). Coaching profession as a correlate of sports development in Nigeria.

Unpublished Master Thesis. Development of Human Kinetics and Health

education, University of Ibadan

Awosika, Y. (1996). Status and facilities and equipment in producing successful Olympic

athletes. In National Institute for Sports Seminar on Managing Olympic Success:

The Centennial Olympic Experience (Serial No 1.) 30-37.

Del Rosario, A. The sad state of Philippine sports. Retrieved December 14, 2020 from

www.manilastandard.net/

Edger, M. (2012). Common metal game challenges. Retrieved December 14, 2020 from

www.sportpsychologytoday.com/

Fatigue Science. (2019). 5 ways sleep greatest impact on athlete performance.

Retrieved December 14, 2020 from www.fatiguescience.com/

Godfrey, M.G. (2010). College football players. The new nontraditional student. Ph. D.

Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of Clemson University. Retrieved

December 15, 2020, from http://tigerprits.clemson.edu/all dissertations.

Godfrey, M.G., & Satterfield, J.W. (2009). The effects of athletic culture formation and

perceived faculty stereotypes in higher education. Manuscript submitted for

publication AERA.

Heartley, S. H. (2011). Administrative practice in boys and girls interscholastic athletic:

Thomas Publishers Illinois, USA.

Humprey, J. H., Yow, D. A.& Bowden, W. W. (2000). Stress in college athletics’:

Causes, consequence’s, coping. Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Half-Court

Press.
Ogedinghe, D.O. (2006). Factors influencing the choice of athletic events among

university athletes in South-West Africa. Journal of International Council Health,

Physical Education, Recreation, Sport and Dance. ICPHER SD Africa Region,
1(1).

Oguindaro, D.O. (2010). Physical and health education for colleges and education.

Ibadan: Rex Charles Press.

Roda, M. (2019). 7 powerful ways to improve athletics performance. Retrieved

December 14, 2020 from www.reflexion/blog/improve-athletic-performance

Simiyu, N. W.W. (2012). Challenges of being a black student athlete on U.S. college,

campuses. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Management, 1(2): 16-24.

Retrieved December 15, 2020, from http://www.csri-jiiam.org

Tdrrmllr,. (2018). The athletes performance curve. Retrieved December 15, 2020 from

www.google.com/