THE EFFECT OF WORDS SEARCH STRATEGY ON THE STUDENTS’

ABILITY IN READING COMPREHENSION AT THE SECOND GRADE

STUDENTS OF SMP .....
IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2022/2023

By:

AYU LISTIANA NINGSIH

NIM : 2223190015

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SULTAN AGENG TIRTAYASA UNIVERSITY
2022
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Reading as one of the four language skills take much portion of time in

teaching and learning process in the class. In improving reading skills, the

students have to realize that the aim of reading the text is to comprehend reading

test and to get information. Reading as an important role in language learning and

it would be better that is teaching wisely done (Grabe & Stoller, 2013).

Grabe and Stoller state that reading is an ability to draw meaning from the

printed page and interpreted the information appropriately (Grabe & Stoller,

2013). From the quotation above, reading means that to find out the messenger or

information that the writer put into the text as efficient as possible.

In the classroom practice, the reason of reading is reading for information.

In order to get the information, students need to comprehend what they have read.

Comprehension means an understanding of the information that words and

sentences are communicating in a reading text. So Reading comprehension is one

of essential materials of teaching English that is given for students (Rahayu,

2016).

Reading comprehension is a good way to develop and understand English.

In reading comprehension, students should be able to read English text effectively

and efficiently. In reading comprehension, the students do not read the text only,

but they want to know about the content of the text. To become a good reader,

students should have a particular purpose before they interact with the text.
 In reading comprehension, students are expected to have knowledge and

ability to understand about the content that has explained in the text. It means the

students need to learn a considerable amount of information of a text. Therefore,

students need some abilities to understand and remember main ideas as well as

number of details that elaborate the main and supporting ideas in the text. They

also need to link the text to their knowledge base (Scheb-Bunner et al., 2017).

However, the fact showed reading text is not an easy thing. The students

have some problems in reading comprehension, such as most of students were

difficult in reading comprehension eventhough they have done it for many years.

They did not know how to comprehend a text and got some information from the

text, though the students sometimes knew the meaning of the words, but they got

difficulties to conveyed the meaning to the whole paragraph (Muhid et al., 2020).

Moreover, during reading activity in teaching and learning process, students often

lost their focus and consequently they talked to their friends for other bussiness,

and considered reading a text was not uninteresting activity in learning English,

when English teacher asked them to tell some information from their reading text,

most of them did not have some ideas or opinion to clarify the information in the

reading text, so the process of teaching reading did not run well (Yapp et al.,

2021).

Those problems of reading comprehension can be caused by two factors.

First the students did not have good motivation to read because the text was not

interesting, and they should comprehend every word of the text. Second, the

students were lack in vocabulary, so if they wanted to understand the text, they

must kept on looking up the words in a dictionary to found out the meaning of the
words. Besides of it, Strategy which used was not suitable. Commonly, English

teacher teach reading comprehension by translating the reading text, so the

students knew the meaning just from the English teacher (Yapp et al., 2021).

Because of this situation, the students got bored and uninterested in reading

comprehension.

Nowadays in teaching reading, the English teacher focus to the students’

English book. Teacher only ask the students to read the text aloud in the class and

rare to explain what the meaning of the text (Fabiana Meijon Fadul, 2019). They

only read and got the meaning of the text from their teacher, or they just read the

text from the beginning until the end, and when they found some difficult words

they stop to read and to looking for the meaning of the words in the dictionary.

Therefore, it can be concluded that this strategy is not appropriate to be applied in

the classroom.

In teaching learning, many strategies of teaching can be used to help

students comprehend the lesson and make the teaching learning-process easier. In

order to increase the students’ ability in learning reading, the English teacher

should be able to find an interesting strategy. Therefore, the students will be

enjoyable in reading (Jauhari, 2019). The researcher introduce a strategy that

appropriate in reading that is use words search strategy. Words Search Games is

not only the game but also a teaching strategy which can provide the best

exercises for confirming the meaning of words in the students’ mind. By using

Words Search Games it is expected that the students will get many new words.

Another benefit using Words Search Game is to encourage the students to search

for new words to enlarge their vocabulary and also motivate them to learn more
seriously.

Ideally, if the English teacher use the various and excited strategies in

teaching reading, the students will not have diffficulties in learning it. That is why

the researcher conducted a research with title THE EFFECT OF WORDS

SEARCH STRATEGY ON THE STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN READING

COMPREHENSION AT THE SECOND GRADE OF SMP ...... IN

ACADEMIC YEAR 2022/2023.

B. Statement of the Problems

Based on the background of study, the problems in this research can be

formulated as follows:

1. The students do not have good motivation in learning

2. The students are lack in vocabulary

3. The strategy which used is not suitable

C. Research Question

Based on the problems above, the research question is:

Is there any significant effect of Words Search Strategy on the

students’ ability in reading comprehension?

D. Purpose of the Study

In this research problem, the objective of study will aim:

To know the significant effect of Words Search Strategy on the

students’ ability in reading comprehension.

E. Significances of the Study

As it is described in the aim of the study above, this study will also expect

to have significant contribution and useful for:

 1. English Teacher

The result of this study hopefully can give useful contribution and can be

used to consider in teaching learning process.

2. Students

The research is expected to be useful input for the students to encourage

them to increase the students’ achievement in reading comprehension.

3. The other researchers

Finally, the researcher who are interested in the teaching of English at

Junior High School get useful information from the result of this study and

leading them to further research on different aspect field.

F. Limitations of the Study

As mentioned on the background of the study above, words search

strategy is one of the alternative solution that can be used by teacher in teaching

reading comprehension in classroom, the problem is limited on the effect of

words search strategy on the students’ ability in reading comprehension. In

addition, the researcher focuses on the students SMP ------------------.

 CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Review of Literature

To conduct a research, theories are needed to explain some concept and

terms applied in research concerned. Therefore, the clarification of the concepts

will minimize possible misunderstanding between the writer and the readers. In

other words, they are very important to be explained, so that the readers will get

the points clearly.

A.1. Definition of Reading

Reading is not only the process in which the reader reads the words,

sentences or the text but also by reading the reader intends to get something from

the reading materials. By having a good skill in reading, we can enlarge our

knowledge and get lot of advantages from it (Wahyuni H, 2018).

Grabe and Stoller State reading is the ability to draw meaning from the

printed page and interpret this information appropriately. It means that when a

reader interacts with printed pages, their prior knowledge combine with the visual

or written information result in his comprehending the message (Sigalingging et

al., 2020).

Deborah Daiek and Nancy Anter in their book define reading as: (1)

Reading is two-way communication between an author and a reader (2) Reading

is interpretation and understanding (3) Reading is a process (processes) (4)

Reading is thinking.

Tankersley state that reading is a complex process made up of several

interlocking skills and process. It means that reading need many skills and

understanding. One of them is adequate background skills. Without this reading is

difficult and troublesome for them. Reading requires not only skillful readers but

also high-level thinkers and processors of knowledge (Qomariyah & Utama,

2020).

According to the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) said

that reading is a complex, purposeful, social and cognitive process in which

readers simultaneously uses their knowledge of spoken and written language,

their knowledge of the topic of the text, and their knowledge of their culture to

construct meaning (Dhillon et al., 2020). Reading is not a technical skill acquired

once and for all in the primary grades, but rather a developmental process. A

reader’s competence continues to grow through engagement with various types of

texts and wide reading for various purposes over a lifetime.

From the definition above, we can conclude that reading means that to

find out the messenger or information that the writer put into the text as efficient

as possible. Reading is the interacting between the reader and the writer through

the printed text which requires the readers to bring their own knowledge of a

language to recognize that print of the words, sentences and paragraph, and to

interpret the author’s message.

A.2. Types of Reading

There are two kinds of reading according to (Al-Furqon, 2017).

a. Intensive reading
According Patel and Jain, intensive reading is relate to further process

in language learning under the teacher’s guidance. Intensive reading will

provide a basis for explaining difficulties of structure and for extending

knowledge of vocabulary and idioms. Intensive reading can be increasing

learners’ knowledge of language feature and their control of reading strategies.

This activity is likely more emphasize the accuracy activity involving reading

for detail. It is use to gaining a deep understanding of a text, which is important

for the reader.

The classic procedure of intensive reading is the grammar-translation

approach where the teacher uses the first language to explain the meaning of the

text, sentence by sentence. The use of translation is to analyze feature of

language that they learn, and to make sure the learners’ comprehension.

b. Extensive reading

Brown explains that extensive reading is carry out to achieve a general

understanding of they are reading. According Paten and Praveen the purpose

of extensive reading is to ask the students to read directly and fluently in target

language for enjoyment, without aid of teacher. It means that extensive reading

does not need teacher’s guidance. So, the teacher can be only a facilitator to

care for them whether or not they understand. Extensive reading is always

done for the comprehension, not for specific details.

Extensive reading can be source of enjoyment and a way of gaining

knowledge of the world. Extensive reading is focused on the story not on items

to learn.12 it can be said that the aim of extensive reading is to read pleasure

and get the general idea of the story or texts.

A.3. Definition of Reading Comprehension

Reading consists of two related processes, word recognition and

comprehension. Word recognition refers to the process of perceiving how

written symbols correspond to ones spoken language. Reading comprehension

is an ability of a reader to comprehend the text that they are reading. To

comprehend the text, the reader needs a lot of effort because every people have

different background knowledge. There are some people would have a broader

background knowledge while some others do not. It makes people have to

glide over the text.

According to Kristen Lerns, reading comprehension is the ability to

construct meaning from a given written text. Reading comprehension is not a

static competency, it varies according o the purposes for reading and the text

that is involved (Wahyuni H, 2018). It means that reading becomes an

evolving interaction between the text and the background knowledge of the

reader. This is accomplished through use of strategies, both cognitive and

meta-cognitive.

Caldwell also stated that, “comprehension encompasses three

components: an active process of comprehending; the skill, knowledge base,

and motivation of the reader and the difficulty and characteristic of the text

that is read, listened to, or watched. It can be said that in comprehending the

text, readers need some skill, strategies, and aptitude towards constructing the

meaning from the text (Jauhari, 2019).

Reading comprehension is dependent on three factors. The first factor

is that the reader has command of the linguistic structures of the text. The

second factor is that the reader is able to exercise meta-cognitive control over

the content being read. This means that the reader is able to monitor and reflect

on his or her own level of understanding while reading the material. The third
and most important criterion influencing comprehension is that the reader has

adequate background in the content and vocabulary being presented. It means

that a good readers should make connections between background knowledge

and the new information in the text (Fabiana Meijon Fadul, 2019).

Those are some statements that assume reading comprehension. In

other words, reading comprehension is a complex activity that includes many

purposes such as reading to get the specific information and general idea of the

text. Moreover, the reader has to read a lot and train his ability to get the idea

of the text.

A.4. Definition of Ability

The word ‘ability’ is derived from the adjective ‘able’, which has

similar meaning as ‘can’. Robbins states that ability means capacity of an

individual to do some actions in one work (kemampuan (ability) berarti

kapasitas seorang individu untuk melakukan beragam tugas dalam suatu

pekerjaan) (Yapp et al., 2021).

So, the definition of ability is:

a. The quality of being able to do something, especially the physical,

mental, financial, or legal power to accomplish something..

b. The natural or acquired skill or talent.

c. The quality of being suitable for receptive to a specified treatment

capacity.

A.5. Definition of Strategy

According to Oxford dictionary, strategy is a plan intended to achieve a

particular purpose (Muhid et al., 2020). The general principle is the use of
learning stratey that not all learning strategies are suitable to achieve the goals

and all circumstances. Killen said “No teaching strategy is better than others in

a circumstance, so you have to able to use a variety of teaching strategies and

make rational dicisions about when each of strategies is likely to be the most

effective. What is proposed by Killen is clear that teachers should be able to

choose the strategy that is suitable to the circumstances. Therefore, teachers

need to understand the general principles of the use of learning strategies.

From the definition above, it can be concluded that the learning

strategy is a plan of action which includes that use of methods and utilization

of various resources/strengths in learning. This means that in the preparation

of a new strategy to the process of preparing the work plan has not come to the

action. Strategies designed to achieve specific goals here means that the

direction of all the decisions of strategy is the achievementof goals, so that the

steps of learning, the use of various facilities, a learning resources are all

geared towards the achievement of goals.

A.6. Words Search Strategy

A word Search is a word game that is letters of a word in a grid, that

usually has rectagular or square shape. The objective of this puzzle is to find

and mark all the words hidden inside the box. The words may be horizontally,

vertically or diagonally. Often a list of the hidden words is provided, but more

challenging puzzles may let the player figure them out. Many word search

puzzles have a theme to which all the hidden words are related. Games also

will encourage and motivate students to learn in order to make the learning

process fun and exciting. Games are an effective way of giving meaning,
motivating, atmosphere that relaxes and gives students the chance to develop

their skill and language skill.

Word Search is a game where students have to find the vocabulary

words in random letters in a box. To find a word, the student must make a

horizontal line, down or diagonally. The game is believed to assist students in

achieving learning goals, because it can motivate them to reduce boredom.

Word search is a puzzle consisting of letters arranged in a grid which contains

a number of hidden words written in various directions.

So, it can be concluded that Word Search is a game where students

have to find the vocabulary words in random letters in a box. Furthermore, in

using games in the classroom, it is important to explain the rules before

playing the game so they can understand how to play the game. By language

game in teaching English, it is hoped the students will more enjoy and interest

in learning English (Yapp et al., 2021). Teachers must create instructional

strategies to enchance student understanding in target language. Games help

students for remain interested in learning the language. Games also help the

teacher to create a context in which the language is useful and meaningful.

A.7. The Procedures Words Search Games

There are several steps that the students and teacher should do in this

game, which is as follows: (1) The teacher also explain about the clues of the

games. (2) Find the word in the box by providing a horizontal line, down or

cross. (3) Write the word at the end of each instruction. (4) After the students

found a words from the box, they write a new words beside the box and find

out the meaning of the words. (5) time was limited to a half hour. (6) For
students who can complete the job before the time expires, the award is given,

the teacher gave the plus sign (+) on the answer sheet. (7) The work of

students in check when the time is over (Scheb-Bunner et al., 2017).

The advantages and disadvantages of Words Search Games are

follows:

A.7.1. The Advantages of Words Search Games

There are some advantages of using Words Search Games (Rahayu,

2016): (a) Words Search Games were fun and students love to play.

Through games children has experiment, discover and interaction with the

environment, (b) Words Search Games add variation to a lesson and

increase motivation by encouraging sensible to use the target language, (c)

Games are student-centered in that students are active in playing games,

and games can often be organized such that students have the leading roles,

with teachers as facilitators, (d) the shy students can participate positively,

(e) Words Search Games help students keep trying to learn, (f) Words

Search Games encourage students to interact and communicate, (g)

Games provide practice language skills, (h) Words Search Games can

increase vocabulary by helping children to expand their knowledge of

what words mean, (i) By using a great game like Words Search, students can

learn to spell new words or can learn to remember all the words on their current

spelling list. (j) Using a word search game in the classroom can be helpful to

teachers as well. Teachers can increase the excitement of students by allowing

game time instead of just using a simple list for study time, (k) Word Search

Games can increase the learning ability of all types of students.

A.7.2. The Disadvantages of Words Search Games

There are some disadvantages of using Words Search Games

in learning process (Grabe & Stoller, 2013):

(a) It took a long time for students to complete the tasks

and accomplishments,

(b) Requires certain trait or tendency of students to work

together in solving problems,

(c) Sometimes the class becomes noise, so that can interfere with

other groupss,

(d) The teacher should spend more time.

A.8. Teacher Centered

For many years, the traditional teaching style or specifically, teacher

centered instruction has been dominant is higher eeducation in North

America. In a traditional classroom, students become passive learners,

or rather just recipients of teachers’ knowledge and wisdom. They have no

control over their own learning. Teachers make all the decisions concerning

the currriculum, teachng methods and the different forms of assessment.

Duckworth asserts that teacher centered learning actually prevents students’

educational growth (Yapp et al., 2021).

Huba and Freed described teacher centered learning as: students

passively receive information, emphasis is on acquisition of knowledge, and

teachers’ role is to be primary information giver and primary and evaluator.

There is no room for students’ personal growth.

B. Conceptual Framework
 There are four skill that should be learn by students in English

learning. they are : reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Reading is an

important skill in life because we can get the information from reading, we

can add our knowledge from reading. Therefore teaching reading should do

carefully and affectively. However, Some problems of reading at SMP ......

have difficulties to tell some information from their reading text, most of

them did not have some ideas or opinion to clarify the information in the

reading text. It can be detected from their difficulty to convey the meaning

to the whole paragraph. The students also seemed get difficult in

vocabulary. They are so struggle to translate every single word in reading

text.

Majority of students think that reading is very difficult thing. So to

teach it needs an attractive strategy to make it easier. The teachers’ strategy

is so important in teaching and learning process because it will influence

the students’ to join the lesson and improve their interest in learning.

In teaching, the teacher has to use various strategies because by

using it, it can make the students have interest in studying especially

English by using games in learning reading comprehension. By using the

games will give motivation, fun and interesting to the students and they will

be able to understand the lesson easily (Muhid et al., 2020).

Words Search Game is one of the game that easy to use. It has many

advantages. This game also will help and encourage for many learners

enjoy the topic. It is very important to the students to develop their skill in

learning English language. So that, the teacher has to used interesting

strategy to teach reading comprehension.

Based on the explain above, it can be predict that words search

strategy can be use and can be effect students’ vocabulary mastery in long

term memory so that the students will be easier to comprehend reading text.

The researcher observed

the students learning process

The researcher made the research

planning through lesson plan

The researcher give pre-test to

know the students’ ability in
reading comprehension

The researcher taught in the control

The researcher taught class by using Teacher Centered

in the experimental Strategy
class by using Words
Search Strategy

Assessing the students’ ability in reading

comprehension after pre-test and post-test by
collect from twenty multiple-choice questions, then,
it is analyzed by t-test
C. Hypothesis

The term of hypothesis comes from Greek consist of two

words they are “Hupo” and “Thesis” (statement or theory). Karlinger

and Tuckman define hyphotesis is a suppose to the correlation

between two or more variables, and Sudjana in Method of Statistic

define hyphotesis is assumption or suppose about thing that made to

explain it and often asked to do check.

Based on theoretical and conceptual framework the two

hyphotesis of this research can be formulated.

1.
Alternative Hyphotesis (Ha)

“There is a significant effect of the students’ ability in reading

comprehension taught by words search strategy”.

2.
Null Hypothesis (H0)

“There is no a significant effect of the students’ ability in reading

comprehension taught by words search strategy.

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design

This study would be conducted in experimental research design with pre-

test and post-test design. The design would be applied in order to investigate the

effect of words search strategy on students’ ability in reading comprehension.

This research consisted of two different class, namely experimental group and

control group. Experimental group is the group that received treatment, while the

control group is a separate group that receives no treatment or a different

treatment than the experimental group (Jauhari, 2019). The experimental is taught

by using words search games and control group is taught by another strategy.

Both of group would be given pre-test and post-test with the same material and

test.

There are two variables in this study; they are independent and dependent

variable. Independent variable is the effect of words search strategy while the

dependent variable is the students’ ability in reading comprehension. The design

can be presented as follows:

Table I
Research Design

Group Treatment

Experimental Group Pre-test Words Search Strategy Post-test

Control Group Pre-test Teacher Centered Strategy Post-test

B. Population and Sample

B.1. Population

Population is all data that concern in a scope and time that specified.

The population in this research is all students of second grade of SMP ..... in

academic year of 2022/2023. The population of the research is distribute as

follow:

Table II
The Distribution of Population

NO Class Total

1 VIII-1 43

2 VIII-2 40

3 VIII-3 40

4 VIII-4 41

5 VIII-5 40

6 VIII-6 44

7 VIII-7 42

8 VIII-8 44

9 VIII-9 40

Total 374

B.2. Sample

Sample is part of population, which is chosen to participate in the

 study. The researcher did not observe all of classes but only two classes, that

was second grade. Sampling is the process done to choose and take sample

correctly from population so that can be used as valid representative to the

population. In this research, the researcher took the subject of research

randomly (Al-Furqon, 2017). The subjects were regarded that each of them

has the equal chance to be chosen as the sample. The sample might be

categorize in pair sample because there were experimental and control group

that were compared. Two classes were chosen randomly, in which class

VIII-3 consist of 40 students and class VIII-5 consist of 40 students, so the

total of my sample were 80 students. Class VIII-3 was chosen as the control

group which is taught without Words Search Strategy while class VIII-5

was chosen as the experimental group which is taught by Words Search

Strategy. The researcher’s consideration choosing the sample based on the

cognitive structure of the students in each class.

Table III
The Distribution of Sample

No Class Number
1 VIII- 3 40
2 VIII-5 40
Total 80

C. Data Collections

The procedures of collecting data are such the following (Jauhari, 2019):

1. Pre-Test

Pre-Test Both of groups, the experimental group and control group

 were given before treatment. The teacher would asked the students to answer

the multiple choice test

2. Treatment

There were two groups taught, they are experimental group and

control group. Experimental group was taught by using Words Search

Strategy. Control group was taught by using Teacher Centered strategy. There

were four meetings in this research and each meeting consisted of 40 minutes.

3. Post-test

After conducting the treatment, the post-test would be given to find

out the result of teaching presentation in both groups. It would be applied to

analyze and evaluate both of the groups, then to know the effect of the

treatment.

4. Observation

Observation is the action of watching something carefully. The

comment or the remark based on something has been seen written in the

observation sheet. Observation is to be used in the sense an act or instance of

watching, the use observation to mean an act of happen in the classroom

during the teaching-learning process.

D. Data Analysis

Gain Score analysis is a method of data analysis from experimental

design by finding the difference value of post-test and pre-test, moreover the

gain score analysis is used if there is interaction / difference between group or

group with pre score (Qomariyah & Utama, 2020). Basically the gain score is
the value of the difference in scores and can be tested using t-test.

Gain score = post-test – pre-test

- Experimental group = post-test – pre-test

- Control group = post-test – pre-test

To find out the effect of using words search strategy on the students’

ability in reading comprehension, mean of the control group and experimental

group will be compared by using t-test, as follows:

In which:

t : total score

Ma : the mean of experimental group Mb : the mean of control group

Da2 : the standard of deviation of experimental group

Db2 : the standard of deviation of control group

Na : the total numbers of experimental group

Nb : the total numbers of control group

D.1. Normality test

Normality test was held to determine whether normal or abnormal

research data or research variables.

a. The observation XI, X2, X3, … …, Xn are served raw numbers Z1, Z2,

Z3, …, …, Zn using the formula. To count of raw numbers withthe

formulas:

X i−X
Zi =
SD
 X = Average sample

S = Standard deviation

b. For each of these raw numbers using standard normal distribution is

calculated odds F (Zi) = P (Z ≤ Zi)

c. Furthermore, in calculating the proportion that expressed by S (Zi) then :

total of Z 1 , Z2 , … , Z n which ≤ Z n
S( Z ¿¿ i)= ¿
n

d. Calculate F (Zi) – S (Zi) and define the absolute price Determine the

largest price of the difference F (Zi) – S (Zi) as Lo.

1.. D.2. Homogeneity test

Homogeneity Test is used to determine whether the sample variance

has the same or homogeneous variance, test of homogeneity is used with the

following formula:

Highest varians
F=
lowest varians

Criteria for testing H0 is rejected if F ≥ F0,05 (v1, v2) where F0,05

(v1, v2) obtained from the F distribution list with a chance of α = 0,05 and

α = 0,01, whereas the v1 and v2 degrees of freedom each corresponding to

df numerator and denominator of the formula above.

E. Research Procedure

In conducted the research, there were some procedures that

applied for taking the data (Muhid et al., 2020):

1. The researcher observed the location and population were carried

 out.

The research would be conducted in two classes (experimental group

and control group). Before treating the students using words search

as strategy of learning, the researcher administered the pre-test to the

students in both classes with the same instrument.

2. The treatment was reading comprehension by using words search

strategy in VIII-5 class as the experimental class and no treatment in

VIII- 3 as the control class. The presentation of the lesson would be

done by the researcher.

3. Post-test would be given after finishing the treatment. The researcher

would use the same format of test for both of classes. Even though

the test instrument was same, students did not realize that would be

examined again later. Finally, the researcher made a calculation of

the result from both of the test.

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