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    Group 3

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    USCLOUD MINER
    Alcohol molecules contain an -OH functional group that makes them reactive. Alcohol groups are found in biological molecules and common products like ethanol in alcoholic drinks and ethylene glycol in antifreeze. Alcohols are named based on the carbon chain with an -ol suffix, like 1-butanol. They can be classified as mono-, di-, or polyhydric based on the number of -OH groups and as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the carbon the -OH group is attached to. Solubility in water increases with more -OH groups or fewer carbons.

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    Group 3

    Uploaded by

    USCLOUD MINER
    12 views2 pages
    Alcohol molecules contain an -OH functional group that makes them reactive. Alcohol groups are found in biological molecules and common products like ethanol in alcoholic drinks and ethylene glycol in antifreeze. Alcohols are named based on the carbon chain with an -ol suffix, like 1-butanol. They can be classified as mono-, di-, or polyhydric based on the number of -OH groups and as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the carbon the -OH group is attached to. Solubility in water increases with more -OH groups or fewer carbons.

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    Alcohol molecules contain an -OH functional group that makes them reactive. Alcohol groups are found in biological molecules and common products like ethanol in alcoholic drinks and ethylene glycol in antifreeze. Alcohols are named based on the carbon chain with an -ol suffix, like 1-butanol. They can be classified as mono-, di-, or polyhydric based on the number of -OH groups and as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the carbon the -OH group is attached to. Solubility in water increases with more -OH groups or fewer carbons.

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    12 views2 pages

    Group 3

    Uploaded by

    USCLOUD MINER
    Alcohol molecules contain an -OH functional group that makes them reactive. Alcohol groups are found in biological molecules and common products like ethanol in alcoholic drinks and ethylene glycol in antifreeze. Alcohols are named based on the carbon chain with an -ol suffix, like 1-butanol. They can be classified as mono-, di-, or polyhydric based on the number of -OH groups and as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the carbon the -OH group is attached to. Solubility in water increases with more -OH groups or fewer carbons.

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    Alcohol molecules are organic molecules that contain an -OH group.

    This -OH group


    makes the molecule reactive, so it is called a functional group.

    Alcohol functional groups are found in biological molecules such as sugars, amino
    acids, and vitamins. Alcohol functional groups are also found in molecules that are
    used every day. You can find ethanol in drinks like wine, beer, vodka, whiskey,
    gin, and rum, among many others. Ever had to check the antifreeze levels in your
    car? It contains ethylene glycol, another alcohol.

    Structure of ethylene glycol


    Ethylene Glycol
    Nomenclature
    The alcohol functional group hydroxyl is an -OH group. When naming alcohols, the -e
    is removed from the hydrocarbon name and an -ol suffix is added. A number in front
    of the hydrocarbon name tells the location of the alcohol group.

    For example, in 1-butanol, there are four carbon atoms, so the parent hydrocarbon
    name is butane. The -e is dropped from butane and -ol is added, resulting in
    butanol. The 1 indicates the alcohol group is on the first carbon.

    1-butanol
    1-butanol
    The carbon chain should be numbered so that the alcohol has the lowest number. When
    naming the molecule 1-butanol, you can either name it as 4-butanol or 1-butanol,
    depending on which side of the molecule you begin to count. Since 1 is a smaller
    number than 4, 1-butanol is correct. If there are two alcohol groups on a molecule
    the suffix is changed to -diol.

    Alcohol Molecule Classification


    Molecules can be classified based on the number of alcohol groups.

    monohydric -one alcohol group on the molecule


    dihydric - two alcohol groups on the molecule
    polyhydric - more than 2 alcohol groups on the molecule
    Alcohol classifications are based on the number of alcohol groups
    alcohol classifications
    Solubility
    The number of alcohol groups that a molecule has will affect its solubility. As the
    number of alcohol groups increase on the molecule with the same number of carbons,
    the solubility in water increases. For example, 1,4-butandiol is more soluble in
    water than 1-butanol.

    1-butanol (above) is less soluble than 1,4-butandiol, because it has fewer alcohol
    groups
    butanol
    Another way to think about this is that as the number of carbon atoms increase in
    an alcohol, the solubility in water decreases. So, 1-octanol with eight carbons per
    alcohol group is less soluble in water than 1-butanol with four carbons per alcohol
    group.

    Alcohol Functional Group Classification


    Alcohols can also be classified based on the carbon to which they are attached.
    primary - the alcohol is attached to a carbon with two hydrogens
    secondary - the alcohol is attached to a carbon with one hydrogen
    tertiary - the alcohol is attached to a carbon atom with no hydrogens
    Examples of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols
    classification of alcohols

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