Eugene Domingo

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EAPP

ACADEMIC WRITING STRUCTURE OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT


 It is a writing where contents are focused, What is a Text Structure?
structured, and backed up by evidence.  It is an established structure referring to the
 Its purpose is to aid the reader’s internal organization of a text.
understanding.  It refers to the organizational pattern of a
 It has format, tone, and style, but is not text which includes the:
complex, and does not require the use of a. Text Types
long sentences. b. Parts
c. Transition Words and Phrases
ACADEMIC LANGUAGE d. Patterns of Organization
 Academic language is a formal way of e. Sentences and Paragraphs
presenting ideas and information through
words. It is also associated to the oral, Academic Texts are:
written, auditory and visual language  Articles
proficiency required to learn effectively in  Conference Papers
schools.  Reviews
 Thesis/Desertions
DISTINCT ATTRIBUTES OF ACADEMIC LANGUAGE
1. Formality – Academic writing is formal where Academic Texts are Formed with the Following
the following should be avoided. Characteristics:
- Colloquial Words  With clearly structured I-B-C (Intro-Body-
- Abbreviated Words Conclu)
- Two-word Verbs  Formal
- Expanded Terms  Has information properly cited from credible
2. Precision – In academic writing, facts, figures, sources
graphic illustrations, are given precisely. The  Has a list of references
exactness and accuracy of the data presented are
visible.
5 Common Patterns of Organization
3. Explicitness – The writer makes sure that the
1. Description
various parts of the text are related to one
2. Order/Sequence
another, free from obscurity, and easy to
3. Comparison/Contrast
understand.
4. Cause and Effect
4. Accuracy – Academic writing uses vocabulary
5. Problem and Solution
and statistics brief introduction accurately that
conform the correct value or standard. A writer
Argument - begins with a claim followed by
chooses the appropriate word.
reasons for the claim supported by pieces of
5. Hedging – Writer makes decision about his/her
evidences. It can include counter claim or
stance on a particular subject. The state of the
refutation
claims must be considered. He/she also uses
Transition Words - are words or phrases used to
cautious language.
show relationship of words among ideas.
6. Responsibility - Writer must be responsible for
Sentences and Paragraphs - each sentence
demonstrating and understanding of any source
functions as a cohesive whole to convey a single
text used. All evidences and justifications are
idea or impression. The smallest unit or group of
provided to support the claims. Moreover, the
sentences in which one topic can be effectively
writer has to paraphrase and summarize the read
explored is a paragraph. Although each paragraph
academic text and acknowledge the source of
only addresses one key point, they can both
ideas and information through proper citations.
stand alone and be used as an integral part of an
7. Organization - Academic writing is well-
essay.
organized where the ideas are presented in a
logical manner.
PARAPHRASING 4. Re-read and check your summary. Make sure
 Paraphrasing is employed when borrowing you did not copy any sentences or phrases from
other’s idea or text in writing your own paper the original text.
without directly quoting the source. 5. Cite or mention the source of your ideas. Use a
Here are important reminders in using citation format required by the teacher.
OUTLINING
paraphrasing:
 Identify and do NOT alter the main idea/  An OUTLINE is a design to follow when
thesis statement/ primary message of a text. writing a structure, a discourse, or an article.
 Restate other’s main idea and subordinating It arranges a material in a logical way into
points in a different form using your own main ideas, supporting ideas, and supporting
words. details.
 Cite the source of the text using the  The main idea or main topic of the outline.
prescribed citation format.  Does It can be a sentence outline (written in
full sentence) or topic outline (written in
SUMMARIZING words or phrases).
What is a summary?
A summary.. Writing a Thesis Statement
 States the main ideas in source concisely and  A Thesis Statement is the controlling idea
in your own words. that you will develop in your paper. This can
 Is a restatement of someone else's words in be found usually at the end of the
your own words. introduction.
 Is a brief overview of an entire discussion or  It can be one sentence, however, if
argument expressed in your own words. necessary, can be two or three sentences.
 Can be a sentence, paragraph or more to on Thesis Statement
present the main idea of a whole book or  A thesis statement is the overall idea or
text. argument of your work. It is a general
 May just be 10%-25% of the original text. statement that presents essential points that
leads the reader to the right direction. A
BUT a summary... thesis statement also often previews the
 Does not present the entire details. structure of the rest of the essay in a way
 Does not include supporting details. that corresponds with the body paragraphs.
 Does not include a lengthy detail of the topic  It is a single statement in the introduction or
opening paragraph.
When and why summarize  It must be framed as a declarative sentence.
 to highlight the main points or ideas.  It tells the reader what to expect as they read
 to present the overviews of the whole text the essay
for busy people.  It is a clear, concise statement of the position
 to be more economical or to save the time of
you will defend in your paper. Note that it is
the readers.
a clearly stated opinion but should not
 to incorporate only the main ideas when
bluntly announce the opinion.
other details are unimportant
How to summarize?  The thesis statement should argue a position,
1. Think about why and with whom you are not summarize information.
writing the summary.  It is narrow enough to write a focused essay,
2. Find the main idea of each paragraph. You may but it is also broad enough to write at least
look at some helpful features such as titles, three body paragraphs.
subtitles, boldface, color or margin as clues. Ask  It should have at least three ideas that will be
“What do all the sentences say about?” developed in succeeding sections of the
3. In your own words, write your summary. Leave essay.
out details like examples, elaboration or sensory  It is NOT a question, a known fact or an
language. announcement.
Elements of Thesis Statement
1. Topic – Topic of your paper
2. Argument/Claim- This depends on the type of
paper you are writing. If it is an argumentative
paper, then this should express your opinion. If it
is a research or explanatory paper, this should
explain the purpose of your paper.
3. Evidence- The support for your argument or
claim.

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