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    Immunology

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    Ainaa Malik
    This document defines key terms in immunology and describes the innate and adaptive immune system. It summarizes the first and second lines of defense, types of hypersensitivity reactions including types 1-4, and types of immunoglobulins including IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE. It provides details on the structure, serum concentration, half-life, size, ability to pass the placenta, and ability to fix complement for each immunoglobulin type.

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    Immunology

    Uploaded by

    Ainaa Malik
    17 views2 pages
    This document defines key terms in immunology and describes the innate and adaptive immune system. It summarizes the first and second lines of defense, types of hypersensitivity reactions including types 1-4, and types of immunoglobulins including IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE. It provides details on the structure, serum concentration, half-life, size, ability to pass the placenta, and ability to fix complement for each immunoglobulin type.

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    This document defines key terms in immunology and describes the innate and adaptive immune system. It summarizes the first and second lines of defense, types of hypersensitivity reactions including types 1-4, and types of immunoglobulins including IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE. It provides details on the structure, serum concentration, half-life, size, ability to pass the placenta, and ability to fix complement for each immunoglobulin type.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    17 views2 pages

    Immunology

    Uploaded by

    Ainaa Malik
    This document defines key terms in immunology and describes the innate and adaptive immune system. It summarizes the first and second lines of defense, types of hypersensitivity reactions including types 1-4, and types of immunoglobulins including IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE. It provides details on the structure, serum concentration, half-life, size, ability to pass the placenta, and ability to fix complement for each immunoglobulin type.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Eslam Fahmy

    https://t.me/splenotes
    00201011922837
    Immunology definitions
    Immunology • Branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of immune system.
    Hapten • Small molecule which could never induce an immune response when administered alone but can induce immune response when coupled to a
    carrier protein
    Antigen • Foreign material causing an immune response
    Antibody • Specific substance formed in the body in response to antigenic stimulation and react specifically with antigen

    1st line defense 2nd line defense


    1- Anatomical barriers 1- Inflammation
    • Skin 2- Fever
    • Cilia in respiratory tract 3- Natural killer cells
    2- Mucous membrane and their secretions 4- Phagocytic white blood cells
    3- Bacterial flora 5- Antimicrobial substances
    • Coagulation system
    • Lactoferrin and transferrin
    • Lysozymes
    • Interferons

    Innate &
    adaptive
    immunity

    T cell maturation occurs in the bone marrow, stored in thymus gland then circulate to various destinations.
    T-lymph found intracellularly
    Eslam Fahmy
    https://t.me/splenotes
    00201011922837
    Types of hypersensitivity reactions
    A B Type 2 C D
    Type 1 Type 3 Type 4
    Name Immediate Cytotoxic Immune complex Delayed
    Allergic Complement activation
    Antigen form Soluble Cell bound Soluble Cell bound & Soluble
    Humoral component IgE IgG - IgM IgG - IgM None
    Cellular component Mast cells Macrophages Neutrophils T cells - Macrophages
    Examples 1. Anaphylaxis 1. Blood transfusion reactions 1. Serum siCkness 1. Tubercular lesion
    2. Allergies → e.g. peanut 2. ErythroBlastosis fetalis 2. Lupus 2. Contact Dermatitis
    3. Hemolytic anemia 3. Graft rejection

    Types of Immunoglobulins
    IgG IgA IgM IgD IgE
    Other name Secretory Ig Macroglobulin

    Structure • Monomeric • Monomer in • Pentameric • Monomeric • Monomeric


    serum
    • Dimer in
    secretions
    Serum conc.
    nd
    1st → 80% Highest 2 → 10:15 % 3rd → 5:10 % 4th → 0.2% 5th → 0.002% Lowest

    Half life 23 days 7 days 5 days 2:8 days 2:3 days

    Size Smallest Largest

    Pass placenta Yes No No No No

    Fix complement Yes No Yes No No


    Neutralize toxins Present in milk 1st primary immune Differentiation of Type 1
    (Colostrum) response after allergic lymphocytes hypersensitivity
    stimulus (Allergic reactions)

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