CLASS XII CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL

EXPERIMENT 1
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Don’t copy the readings from the reference material. The students will perform the experiment and then
record their readings and do calculations.
Aim: To prepare 100 mL of (M / 20) standard solution of Mohr’s salt. Using this, determine the molarity and
strength of the given KMnO4 solution.
Ionic equation:
Reduction half reaction: MnO4- + 5e- + 8 H+ → Mn2+ + 4H2O )x1
Oxidation half reaction: Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e- )x5
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MnO4- + 5 Fe2+ + 8 H+ → Mn2+ + 5 Fe3+ + 4 H2O
Calculation for amount of Mohr’s salt required to prepare its standard solution:
w X 1000
(1/20) = 392 X 100
392 X 100
=> w = 20 X 1000
=> w = 1.96 g in 100 mL solution (prepared with distilled water in a standard flask)
Weight of empty weighing bottle = w1 = 30.0 g
Weight of weighing bottle containing Mohr’s salt = w2 = 31.96 g
Weight of weighing bottle after transference of Mohr’s salt = w3 = 30.0 g
Weight of Mohr’s salt transferred = w2 – w3 = 1.96 g
Titration of solution of KMnO4 against Mohr’s salt solution
(i) Solution taken in burette = KMnO4 solution
(ii) Solution pipette out in conical flask = Mohr’s salt solution (10 mL)
(iii) Indicator used = KMnO4 is a self-indicator
(iv) End point = Colourless to light pink
Observations Table:
S. No. Volume of Mohr’s salt Initial Burette Final Burette Volume of KMnO4 Concordant
solution taken for each Reading Reading solution used (mL) volume (mL)
titration
1 10 mL 0.0 10.2 10.2 10.1 mL
2 10 mL 10.2 20.3 10.1
3 10 mL 20.3 30.4 10.1
4 10 mL 30.4 40.5 10.1
Formula used:
(M1V1) / n1 = (M2V2) / n2
Where, M1 and M2 are molarity of KMnO4 solution and Mohr’s salt solution respectively.
V1 and V2 are volume of KMnO4 solution and Mohr’s salt solution respectively.
n1 and n2 are stoichiometric coefficients (no. of moles) of KMnO4 and Mohr’s salt solution respectively in a
balanced chemical equation.
Strength of KMnO4 solution = Molarity of KMnO4 solution x Molar mass of KMnO4
Calculations:
(M1V1) / n1 = (M2V2) / n2
(M1 x 10.1) / 1 = ((1 / 20) x 10) / 5
M1 = 0.0099 M
Molarity of KMnO4 solution M1 = 0.0099 M
Strength of KMnO4 solution = 0.0099 x 158 = 1.5642 g / L
Result:
 Molarity of the given KMnO4 solution was found to be 0.0099 M
 The strength of the given KMnO4 solution was found to be 1.5642 g / L
Precautions (any two)
 Always use a fresh sample of Mohr’s salt to prepare its standard solution.
 Always rinse the burette and the pipette with the solutions to be taken in them.
 Always read the upper meniscus for recording the burette reading in the case of all coloured solutions.
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The students will perform the experiment and then record the result of it.
Aim: To prepare 100 mL of (M / 20) standard solution of Mohr’s salt. Using this, determine the molarity and
strength of the given KMnO4 solution.
Apparatus Required: Digital balance, weighing bottle, spatula, standard flask (100 mL), burette (50 mL), pipette
(10 mL), titration flask (100 mL), burette stand, funnel, glazed tile (white)
Chemicals required: Potassium Permanganate solution of unknown concentration, Mohr’s salt, distilled water,
4 N H2SO4
Molecular equation:
Reduction half reaction: 2 KMnO4 + 3 H2SO4  K2SO4 + 2 MnSO4 + 3 H2O + 5 [O]
Oxidation half reaction: 2 FeSO4. (NH4)2SO4. 6 H2O + H2SO4 + [O]  Fe2(SO4)3 + 2 (NH4)2SO4 + 13 H2O ) x 5
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2 KMnO4 + 8 H2SO4 + 10 FeSO4. (NH4)2SO4. 6 H2O  K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 5Fe2(SO4)3 + 10(NH4)2SO4 + 68 H2O
Ionic equation:
Reduction half reaction: MnO4- + 5e- + 8H+ → Mn2+ + 4H2O )x1
Oxidation half reaction: Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e- )x5
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MnO4- + 5 Fe2+ + 8 H+ → Mn2+ + 5 Fe3+ + 4 H2O
Theory
The strength of Potassium Permanganate solution is determined by titrating it against a standard solution of
Mohr’s salt. In this Titration Potassium Permanganate acts as a self-indicator. The reaction between Potassium
Permanganate and Mohr’ salt is a redox reaction. Mohr’s salt solution is completely oxidised by Potassium
Permanganate solution at the end-point. When the entire Mohr’s salt solution is oxidised the last drop of
Potassium Permanganate added from the burette produces a light permanent pink colour.
The oxidation number of iron in Mohr’s salt is +2. Iron is oxidised during the reaction and its oxidation number
changes from +2 to +3. In this titration heating of ferrous ammonium sulphate solution is not required because
reaction rate is very high even at room temperature. Also, at high temperatures, ferrous ions may be oxidized to
ferric ions by oxygen of air and error may be introduced in the experiment.
Procedure
1. Transferred the required amount of salt in 100 mL standard flask. Added 5 mL of 4 N H2SO4 dropwise in the
standard flask to get a clear solution. Shook the flask till substance dissolved and made the volume of solution up
to 100 mL by adding distilled water.
2. Washed and cleaned the burette thoroughly with distilled water and finally rinsed it with KMnO4 solution.
Clamped the burette vertically in a burette stand. Filled Potassium permanganate solution into the burette using a
funnel. Removed the air gap if any, from the nozzle of the burette by releasing some solution through it.
3. Pipetted out 10 mL of Mohr’s salt solution in a washed and dried conical flask. Then added 10 mL of 4 N H2SO4
in the titration flask to prevent formation of any precipitate of MnO2 during the course of the titration.
4. Titrated the above solution with Potassium permanganate solution till the colour changes to light permanent
pink. Swirled the content of the flask during the titration.
5. Repeated the titration until three concordant readings were obtained. Recorded the observations and
calculated the strength of the given KMnO4 solution.
Result
 Molarity of the given KMnO4 solution was found to be 0.0099 M
 The strength of the given KMnO4 solution was found to be 1.5642 g / L
Precautions
 Always use a fresh sample of Mohr’s salt to prepare its standard solution.
 Always rinse the burette and the pipette with the solutions to be taken in them.
 Remove the air gaps if any, from the burette.
 Never forget to remove the funnel from the burette before noting the initial reading of the burette.
 No drop of the liquid should hang at the tip of the burette at the end point and while noting reading.
 Always read the upper meniscus for recording the burette reading in the case of all coloured solutions.
 Never use pipette and burette with a broken nozzle.
 Lower end of the pipette should always remain dipped in the liquid while sucking the liquid.
 Do not blow out the last drop of the solution from the jet end of the pipette.
 The strength of the solution must be calculated up to the fourth decimal place.