The Efficacy of Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis (Gumamela)

as an Alternative Anti-bacterial Agent in Dishwashing Liquid

A Research Presented to the

Faculty of Naguilian National High School
Senior High Department

In partial fulfillment of the requirement in

Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion 12

Prepared by:

Mark Julius Macapia

Krystel Joice Tungpalan

Charmleign Febh Somera

Harisha Mae Balauag

Junelle Gloe Lagua

Kate Cristhel Domingo

Hillarian Carlos

Brenda Bueno

Shyr Fajardo
 July, 2022

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Washing dishes is one of the major house chores we are doing every day. The thick

stains and grease that are all over the usual kitchen tools we use are one of the most difficult

parts of washing dishes. Dishwashing liquid is a great help in reducing the time it takes to

remove stains and grease from our kitchen utensils, and it completely removes all dirt from

typical kitchen tools. The type and brand of the dishwashing liquid is the common problem of

each household to make dishes as clean as possible. This study introduces as a substitute to

other liquid soap that has a high price in the market.

Gumamela flower is an effective alternative in dishwashing liquid. The 50%

concentration level of the Gumamela flower extract is viable in removing grease, odor, and

fumes.1

1
Kahren Salbino, Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa - sinensis) Flower Extract as Multipurpose Dishwashing Liquid
Statement of the Problem

This study will determine the effectiveness of utilizing the usage of hibiscus Rosa-

sinensis (Gumamela) as a significant determinant in making dishwashing liquid. Specifically,

this opts to answer the following question.

1. How well does the hibiscus dishwashing liquid remove grease and stains from kitchen

utensils/tools?

2. Is there a possibility to get different reaction to the skin of the user using after using

the product? (e.g., dry skin and sensitive skin)

3. Is there a significant difference of dishwashing liquid with Hibiscus as antibac agent

to the commercialized dishwashing liquid in terms of:

3.1 Ability to remove foul odor.

3.2 Ability to remove stains.

3.3 Ability to remove harden left over food.

Hypothesis

Ha: If the hibiscus dishwashing liquid is effective in removing grease and stain, then the

product is effective.

Ho: If the hibiscus dishwashing liquid is not effective in removing grease and stain then, the

product is not effective.

Ha: If the hibiscus dishwashing liquid didn’t react badly to the skin of the user then, there

will be no problem in terms of skin compatibility.

Ho: If the hibiscus dishwashing liquid reacts badly to the skin of the user then, there will be a

problem in terms of skin compatibility.

Ha: If the dishwashing liquid with Hibiscus as antibac agent and the commercialized are

better than each other respectively in terms of fragrance and cleanliness, then there is a

significant difference.

Ho: If the dishwashing liquid with Hibiscus as antibac agent and the commercialized one

show the same result respectively in terms of fragrance and cleanliness, then there is no

significant difference.

Theoretical Framework

The researcher has chosen a framework of reference that includes the investigation of

extracts of gumamela leaves and flowers as an alternative dishwashing liquid.

The dishwashing liquid has two basic principles. First, a dishwashing liquid can clean

plates and utensils. Second, the dishwashing liquid should be affordable and cost-effective. It

is simple as that and this agent can be of great use, work and help.
 Gumamela has an antibacterial and a stain removing agent in its flower extract, which

is a good tool in a dishwashing agent. With its antibacterial components, it will prevent the

spreading of germs which is commonly stuck on the dishwashing sponges. It will make use of

crushed Gumamela flower mixed with water with a scent additive to produce a dishwashing

liquid that is chemical free yet effective in removing stain or grease present in common

kitchen tools at the most affordable price compare to the commercial brand sold in the

market. Gumamela flowers, contains this certain mucilage that levels up the effectiveness of

it to remove stains and grease present in common kitchen tools. Mucilage is a gelatinous

substance of various plants (such as legumes or seaweeds) that contains proteins and

polysaccharides.

The researchers created an alternative dishwashing liquid that contains gumamela

petal extract as the main ingredient and combined various materials with specific cleaning

applications to create a product that can be used as an alternative dishwashing liquid for

cleaning kitchen wares. If the experiment is a success, this product could be a good substitute

for dishwashing liquid.

Given the insights, is hibiscus rosa-sinesis (gumamela) extract effective as an

alternative dishwashing liquid?

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

This study will determine the effectiveness of  Collecting of materials Guamela (hibiscus rosa-sinesis)
utilizing the usage of hibiscus Rosa-sinensis
(Gumamela) as a significant determinant in
and ingredients needed was successfully used as a
making dishwashing liquid. Specifically, this  Developing significant determinant in the
opts to answer the following question.  Experimentation formulation of dishwashing
1. How well does the hibiscus  Documentary Analysis liquid.
dishwashing liquid remove grease  Project demonstration
and stains from kitchen
utensils/tools?
Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study
Scope and Delimitation

The primary focus of this study was to establish whether gumamela extract is

effective when used in dishwashing solutions in place of other antibacterial agents. In this

procedure, only the Gumamela flower would be utilized. The researchers would simply

assess the affinity of Gumamela to kitchen utensils and appliances for the removal of stains,

fumes, and foul odors. The study focuses solely on determining its efficacy; hence, the

researchers will not investigate the commercial production of such products.

Significance of the Study

         The present study is part of the ongoing efforts to understand the Efficacy of Hibiscus

Rosa-Sinensis (Gumamela) as an Alternative Anti-bacterial Agent in Dishwashing Liquid.

The finding of this study aims to contribute to the following:

 To the Students. The study may provide a deeper knowledge of various natural

sources of antibacterial agents that can be employed as an effective substitute in a

product containing an antibacterial agent.

 To the Academic Institutions. This study will benefit the academic institution by

providing information of such topic that can contribute to the expansion and

development of antibacterial production.

 To the Researchers.  It may improve their skills, strategy, and knowledge in

engaging research. The researchers would also like to maximize the utilization of our

natural and indigenous resources as a source of low-cost, dependable end products

that can provide major benefits for the entire nation.

 To the Future Researchers. This will allow future researchers to know the extent of

the fantastic properties of gumamela and serve as a potential guide for additional

studies. This research may be one of the foundations for a new learning theory.
  For the economy. Using gumamela (hibiscus rosa-sinensis) flower instead of the

conventional antibacterial compounds found in soaps and dishwashing liquids could

be a more cost-effective method of producing antibacterial agents.

    Definition of Terms
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter covers the review of related literature about the usage of hibiscus rosa-

sinensis (gumamela) as a significant determinant in making anti-acne cream for acne.

The goal of this chapter is to provide more information based on relevance, interest,

and suitability criteria that will aid researchers in studying and understanding plant samples

for future research.

A. Literature

Gumamela is abundant anywhere globally, especially in areas with warmer climates.

It is loved by many since it has many varieties, each unique and beautiful—Ніbіsсus rоsа-

sіnеnsіs іs соnsіdеrеd tо hаvе а numbеr оf mеdісаl usеs іn Сhіnеsе hеrbоlоgу. Іn thе

Рhіlірріnеs, thе gumаmеlа (lосаl nаmе fоr hіbіsсus) іs usеd bу сhіldrеn аs раrt оf а bubblе-

mаkіng раstіmе. Тhе flоwеrs аnd lеаvеs аrе сrushеd untіl thе stісkу juісеs соmе оut. Ноllоw

рарауа stаlks аrе thеn dірреd іntо thіs аnd usеd аs strаws fоr blоwіng bubblеs.

As stated above, Gumаmеlа оr Ніbіsсus hаs thе fасtоrs tо mаkе bubblеs bу squееzіng

оr сrushіng thе flоwеr оr thе lеаf. Тhrоugh thіs, wе саn аdd thе ехtrасts оf thе gumаmеlа tо

оthеr mаtеrіаls аnd mаkе а dіshwаshіng lіquіd аt а vеrу аffоrdаblе соst. А dіlutе соmbіnаtіоn

оf dіshwаshіng lіquіd wіth wаtеr саn bе usеd tо рrоduсе sоар bubblеs.

In response to the question "Why does gumamela produce bubbles?" posed on

answers.com, mucilage was identified as the property that causes gumamela to bubble.

Gumamela has been utilized in shampoos and dish washes. From the flowers and leaves,

mucilage can be removed. According to Fria Joy Cipriano's research on Gumamela Flower as

Antibacterial Dishwashing Liquid, gumamela flowers have a specific mucilage that enhances

its efficacy at removing stains and grease from common kitchen utensils. Mucilage is a
protein- and polysaccharide-containing gelatinous material found in plants (such as beans or

seaweed). Additionally, gumamela contains phosphate, calcium, and iron. These vitamins can

help you maintain your health or fight off specific ailments. The presence of these vitamins in

the blooms and other parts of Gummela makes it indispensable for medicinal and

other purposes.

Gumamela is not just a blossom of beauty but a possible ingredient for good health. In

a study conducted by P Ruban and K Gajalakshmi, antibacterial activity was assessed using

the disc and agar diffusion techniques. To determine the protein's profile, poly acrylamide gel

electrophoresis was utilized. The results demonstrated that cold extraction demonstrates the

greatest zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Escherichia coli (E. coli)

at (17.00 2.91) and (14.50 1.71), respectively, followed by hot extraction against E. coli and

Salmonella sp. at (11.66 3.14) and (10.60 1.09) mm, respectively. Methanol extraction

demonstrated the greatest zone of inhibition against B. subtillis and E. coli at (18.86 0.18)

and (18.00 1.63), respectively, whereas ethanol extraction demonstrated the greatest zone of

inhibition against Salmonella sp. at (20.40 1.54) mm. The crude protein from the flower

exhibited a maximal inhibitory zone against Salmonella sp. and E. coli of 16.55 1.16 and

14.55 2.86 mm, respectively. As an alternate source of antibacterial chemicals against human

infections, the floral material can be consumed. Thus, they concluded that the H. rosa-

sinensis extracts shown promising antibacterial action and that additional research is essential

for the development of antibacterial drugs.

If hibiscus has an antibacterial property against these human pathogens mentioned

above, then an extract of hibiscus can also fight germs and pathogens that might be leaving in

our kitchenware’s and utensils; to prove the claim it is said in a study that 50% concentration

level of the Gumamela flower extract is viable in removing grease, odor and reducing fumes.

Comparison: 50% Gumamela flower extract and commercial dishwashing liquid is viable in
the ability to remove grease and foul odor. But in the ability to reduce kitchen fumes, 50%

Gumamela extract is superior.

Gumamela has an antibacterial and a stain removing agent in its flower extract, which

is a good tool in a dishwashing agent. With its antibacterial components, it will prevent the

spreading of germs which is commonly stuck on the dishwashing sponges. (Capriano, 2020)

B. Studies

C. Synthesis
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes and lists the specific methods that must be followed in order to

complete the study. It includes the subject of the study; a description of the study; data

gathering procedure; ingredients or materials needed; and its procedure.

Subject of the Study

The researchers used purposive sampling method in choosing the subjects of the

study. Under the flowering and herbaceous plant of the genus Hibiscus, a large, bell-shaped

and reddish blossoms of the species rosa-sinensis were carefully chosen and were

consequently used as an alternative of antibacterial agent in dishwashing liquid production.

All of the flowers acquired were from Benito Soliven, Isabela.

Description of the Study

The researchers selected five households or families to test dishwashing liquid. Five

households compared commercial dishwashing liquid to dishwashing with Gumamela as

alternative to antibac agent. Researchers task the respondents to washed identical kitchen

equipment using identical amounts of dishwashing detergent, water, and sponges. That will

interact with the foam or sponge during rinsing. These 5 families were assessed based on the

outcomes.

Gathering Procedure
 The researchers will collect their data through the methods of observation and

experimentation. The observations and experiments will take place in the science room at

Naguilian National High School, and the experiments will be continued in the home of one of

the researchers.

During the experimentation phase, various laboratory instruments will be used to

assist the researchers and reinforce accuracy and precision. The tools will be requested

appropriately from Naguilian National High School's science room.

The plants will be picked in Benito Soliven, Isabela.

Ingredients/ Materials Needed

The Inquiries Investigation and Innovation teacher will supervise the experiment's

instruments. Research adviser, grade 12-Platinum Advisor—Ms. Ann Maegarette Asuncion

will be consulted to ensure the instrument's safety. Furthermore, the researchers will supply

the experiment's ingredients rather than the academic institution where they are enrolled.

Thus, the researchers will need the following:

A. Instrument/Materials

 Blender

 Sifter

 Bowl and cup (improvised mortar and pestle)

 Tray

 Plastic gloves

 Spoon

B. Ingredients
  Gumamela extract  Thickener

 1 cup of boiling water  Antibac

 Gel  Decreaser

 Surfactant 1  Bubble 1,2, & 3

Procedure

In this study, the following processes were conducted:

I. Preparation of the equipment and materials

The researchers equipped themselves with the appropriate materials to be used for

their research. First, they provided themselves with household equipment as a alternative

tools in making the product. The researchers decided to use some kitchen tools such as

casserole and stove as an alternative sterilizer. (Note: While cleansing the gumamela flowers

- Reminder: Do not placed the petals to the water for a long time)

II. Sterilizing the equipment

The researchers decided to use kitchen tools as sterilization equipment to provide such

need as sterilization. They used a casserole where the equipment will be placed and next is to

heat up and wait for 5 or 10 minutes.

III. Extraction of the Gumamela Flower

After sterilizing the materials, researchers conducted the proper preparation of

materials for the experiment. The researchers prepared first the blender and other equipment
to extract the fluid from gumamela flowers. Use a sifter to separate and break up clumps from

the grind solid petals.

IV. Production of the dishwashing liquid

The extract from the Gumamela flowers undergone the process where a tablespoon of

salt interacted to the solution of Gumamela flowers. The salt improved the dishwashing

liquid’s ability to last longer.

V. Testing the ability of the Dishwashing Liquid in removing grease, stains, and odor

on kitchen wares and utensils

The researchers chose 5 households/families to test the dishwashing liquid. The 5

families that were chosen compared commercialized dishwashing liquid to the alternative

dishwashing liquid from the extraction of Gumamela flower. The researchers washed the

same kitchen tools with the same amount of drop of dishwashing liquid, amount of

water ,same size of sponge that will interact with the foam/ sponge while

rinsing. Those 5 households rated according to the results.

 CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

 Chapter 5: summary of findings, conclusion and recommendation

FINDINGS

1.

CONCLUSION

In the wake of the findings presented and with the condition under which the study is

conducted, the following conclusion are given.

1.

RECOMMENDATIONS

In the light of summary and conclusion, the following recommendation are presented: