Music 10 / Quarter 2 – Module 1

MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS
OF

AFRICA

jEducate
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF
AFRICA
African music has a
very wide range of
genres. It includes all the
major instrumental
genres of western music
Add more idea Add more idea
including strings, winds,
and percussion, along
with a tremendous
variety of specific African
musical instruments for
solo or ensemble playing.
 CLASSIFICATION OF TRADITIONAL
AFRICAN INSTRUMENTS
A. Idiophone
An idiophone is any musical
instrument that creates sound
primarily by the vibration of
the instrument itself, without
the use of Add airmoreflow
idea
(as with
aerophones), strings
(chordophones), membranes
(membranophones) or
electricity (electrophones).
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS UNDER
IDIOPHONE

1. Agogo
It is a single bell or
multiple bells and is
considered as the oldest
Add more idea
samba instrument based on
West African Yoruba single or
double bells. It has the highest
pitch of any of the bateria
instruments.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS UNDER
IDIOPHONE
Video # 1 (Agogo):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvTc4yzxDqM

Check out the full

video thru the link
provided.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS UNDER
IDIOPHONE

2. Shekere
It is a type of gourd and
shell megaphone from West
Africa, consisting of a dried
Add more idea
gourd with beads woven into a
net covering the gourd.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS UNDER
IDIOPHONE
Video # 2 (Shekere):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmJm91UPGfs

Check out the full

video thru the link
provided.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS UNDER
IDIOPHONE

3. Slit/Log drum
It is a hollow percussion
instrument. Although known
as a drum, it is not a true drum
but is an idiophone. It is usually
Add more idea

carved or constructed from

bamboo or wood into a box
with one or more slits in the
top.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS UNDER
IDIOPHONE
Video # 3 (Slit/Log Drum):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yt0J8sLgXmA

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video thru the link
provided.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS UNDER
IDIOPHONE

4. Atingting Kon (Slit Gong)

It is a hollowed cylinder of
wood with a narrow longitudinal
opening or slit whose edges are
struck to Add produce
more idea a deep,
sonorous tone. They are
considered to be portraits of
ancestors so that when played, it
is the voices of awakened
ancestors which resonate from
their interior chamber.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER IDIOPHONE

Video # 4 (Atingting Kon):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xg9ZJVd2He8

Check out the full

Add more idea
video thru the link
provided.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS UNDER
IDIOPHONE

5. Balafon
It is a kind of wooden
xylophone or percussion
idiophone which plays melodic
tunes. It hasAdd
been played in the
more idea

region since the 1300s. In the

16th century, it became a real
art at the royal court of
Sikasso/Mali and was
flourishing under the reign of a
generous king.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS UNDER
IDIOPHONE
Video # 5 (Balafon):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kXXhp_bZvck

Check out the full

video thru the link
provided.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS UNDER
IDIOPHONE

6. Rattles
These are vessels made of
seashells, tin basketry, animal
hoofs, horn, wood, metal,
cocoons, palm kernels or
Add more idea

tortoise shells. These may

range from single to several
objects that are either joined
or suspended to create sound
as they hit each other.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS UNDER
IDIOPHONE
Video # 6 (Rattles):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ALVCQiXWzg

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video thru the link
provided.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS UNDER
IDIOPHONE

7. Rasp or scraper
It is a hand percussion
instrument whose sound is
produced by scraping
Add more idea the
notches on a piece of curved
wood with a stick, creating a
series or rattling effects.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS UNDER
IDIOPHONE
Video # 7 (Rasp or scraper ):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZubVbHQ-hB4

Check out the full

video thru the link
provided.
 CLASSIFICATION OF TRADITIONAL
AFRICAN INSTRUMENTS

B. Membranophone
A membranophone is any
musical instrument which
produces sound primarily by
Add more idea
way of a vibrating stretched
membrane.
 KINDS OF
MEMBRANOPHONES

1. Body Percussion
Aside from using voices,
since many of African people
are very good in singing, they
Add more idea
also clap their hands, slap their
thighs, pound their upper
arms or chests, or shuffle and
stomp their feet.
 KINDS OF
MEMBRANOPHONES
Video # 8 (Body Percussion):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3LgD3zC7AU

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video thru the link
provided.
 KINDS OF
MEMBRANOPHONES

2. Talking drum
It is used to send messages
to announce births, deaths,
marriages, Add sporting
more idea
events,
dances, initiations or war. It is
believed that the drums can
carry direct messages to the
spirits after the death of a
loved one.
 KINDS OF
MEMBRANOPHONES
Video # 9 (Talking Drum):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=furpwYD-yr0

Check out the full

video thru the link
provided.
 KINDS OF
MEMBRANOPHONES

3. Djembe
The West African djembe
is one of the best-known
African drums. It is shaped like
a large goblet and played with
Add more idea

bare hands. The body is carved

from a hollowed trunk and is
covered with goat skin.
 KINDS OF
MEMBRANOPHONES
Video # 10 (Djembe) :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMs3LTtgwY8

Check out the full

video thru the link
provided.
 CLASSIFICATION OF TRADITIONAL
AFRICAN INSTRUMENTS

C. Lamellophone
One of the most popular
African percussion instruments
is the lamellophone, which is a
Add more idea
set of plucked tongues or keys
mounted on the sound board.
Sound is produced by the
vibration of tongues of metal,
wood or other material.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER LAMELLOPHONE

1. Mbira (Kalimba/ Thumb Piano)

It is a set of plucked tines or
keys mounted on a sound board.
It is being played by holding the
instrument Addin the hands and
more idea

plucking the tines with the

thumbs. They used this
instrument to drive away evil
spirits since it is believed that it
was a vector of communication
with ancestors and spirits.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER LAMELLOPHONE
Video # 11 (Mbira):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=64VPieeGgd4

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video thru the link
provided.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER LAMELLOPHONE

2. Array Mbira
It is a hand-crafted instrument
with a unique harp or bell-like
sound. It is a popular traditional
Add more idea
instrument of the Shona people in
Zimbabwe. It is a radical redesign
of the African Mbira and it consists
of up to 150 metal tines attached to
a wooden board, comprising up to
five octaves.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER LAMELLOPHONE
Video # 12 (Array Mbira):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FevpajAxj4c

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video thru the link
provided.
 CLASSIFICATION OF TRADITIONAL
AFRICAN INSTRUMENTS

D. Chordophones
Sound is produced by the
vibration of a string or strings
that are stretched between
fixed points.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER CHORDOPHONES

1. Musical bow
The Musical bow is the ancestor
of all string instruments. It is the
oldest and Addonemore ideaof the most
widely-used string instruments of
Africa. It consists of a single string
attached to each end of a curved
stick, similar to a bow and arrow.
 TYPES OF MUSICAL BOW

a. Mouth bow
The mouth bow consists
of a single string attached
to each end of a curved
Add more idea

stick, similar to a bow and

arrow.
 TYPES OF MUSICAL BOW
Video # 13 (Mouth bow):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MjihbB34OaA

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video thru the link
provided.
Add more idea
 TYPES OF MUSICAL BOW

b. Resonator bow
The resonator bow is a
form of the mouth bow
with calabashAdd more
resonator
idea

attached at its mid-point.

 TYPES OF MUSICAL BOW
Video # 14 (resonator bow):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCbVgJaW9bg

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video thru the link
provided.
 TYPES OF MUSICAL BOW

c. Earth bow
The earth bow, also called ground bow
or pit harp, consists of a flexible pole
which is planted in the ground. A string
is attached to one end
Add more idea of the pole,
which the other end of the string is
attached to a stone, a piece of bark, or a
small piece of wood which is then
planted in a hole dug in the ground,
thus bending the pole. The hole on the
ground serves as a resonator and the
sound comes from under the earth.
 TYPES OF MUSICAL BOW
Video # 15 (Earth bow):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQeEtvUkulA

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video thru the link
provided.
Add more idea
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER CHORDOPHONES

2. Lute
Originated from the Arabic
states, its shape is like a
modern guitar and
Add more idea played in

similar technique. It has

resonating body, a neck, and
Xalam lute
one more string which stretch
across the length of its body
and neck.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER CHORDOPHONES
Video # 16 (Xalam Lute):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EyBqKuaVts4

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video thru the link
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 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER CHORDOPHONES

3. Kora
The most sophisticated
harp of Africa. The body is
made from gourd or calabash.
A support for the bridge is set
Add more idea
across the opening and
covered with skin that held in
place with studs. The use of
leather ring the neck is to
tighten the 21 strings that give
a range of over three octave.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER CHORDOPHONES
Video # 17 (Kora harp):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjdWVNRVO1I

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video thru the link
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 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER CHORDOPHONES

4. Zither
It is a stringed instrument
with varying sizes and shapes
whose strings are
Add more idea stretched

along the body.

 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER CHORDOPHONES
Video # 18 (Zither):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GP9XvmijHtg

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video thru the link
provided.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER CHORDOPHONES

5. Zeze
It is a fiddle from Sub-
Saharan Africa that is played
with bow, aAdd small
more idea wooden
stick, or plucked with fingers. It
has one or two strings, made
from steel or bicycle brake
wire.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER CHORDOPHONES
Video # 19 (Zeze):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKkk0T7N2NA

Check out the full

video thru the link
provided.
 CLASSIFICATION OF TRADITIONAL
AFRICAN INSTRUMENTS

E. Aerophone
An aerophone is a musical
instrument that produces
sound primarily by causing a
body of air to
Add vibrate,
more idea without
the use of strings or
membranes, and without the
vibration of the instrument
itself adding considerably to
the sound.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER AEROPHONES

1. Flute
Panpipe - It consists of cane
pipes of different lengths tied
in a row. They areidea
Add more blown across
the top, each producing a
different note.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER AEROPHONES
Video # 20 (Flute - Panpipes):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=444JSd9tMkc

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video thru the link
provided.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER AEROPHONES

2. Horns
Kudu horn - It is made from
horn of kudu antelope. It can
release a mellow
Add more idea and warm
sound that adds a unique
African accent to music.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER AEROPHONES
Video # 21 (Kudu horn):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ejgVnsyEbaQ

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video thru the link
provided.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER AEROPHONES

3. Reed pipes
Reed instrument, in music, any of Wind instruments
several wind instruments with reed
(aerophones) that sound when the
player’s breath or air from a wind
chamber causes a reed (a thin
Add more idea
blade of cane or metal) to vibrate,
thereby setting up a sound wave in
an enclosed air column (in reed
pipes) or in the open air (usually
free reeds). Reed pipes have single
or double reeds.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER AEROPHONES

4. Whistles
These are small signaling flutes.
Short piece of horn serve as
whistles, oftenAdd with
more idea short tube

inserted into the mouthpiece. It

can be made from wood or any
materials.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER AEROPHONES
Video # 22 (Nut Whistle of Africa):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MCf9NtTt1o

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video thru the link
provided.
Add more idea
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER AEROPHONES

5. Trumpets
It can be made of wood,
animal horn, elephant
tusks, and gourds,
ornamented
Add more with
idea snake
or crocodile skin or the
skin of zebras, leopards,
and other animals.
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
UNDER AEROPHONES
Video # 23 (Traditional African trumpet):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COTjkO_Sjfk

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video thru the link
provided.
 PERFORMANCE TASK :
"MY MUSICAL INSTRUMENT"
Do the following;

1. Apply what you have learned in African

Musical Instruments.
2. Make improvised African instruments
using any materials that can be found
in your house.
3. Submit your actual improvised musical
instrument to your teacher. Your work
will be graded through the given
rubric.
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING...