EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN UNIVERSTY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

LABORATORY HANDOUT

COURSE STRENGTH OF MATERIALS MENG 222

Semester: Summer 21-22

Lab. No: 1

Name of Experiment: Torsion Test

Instructor: Senior Instructor Mohammadhosein Masouminia

Lab Assistant: Mert İnanlı

Submitted by: Rewaa

Kifah Alashqar

Student No: 19700203

Group No.: 4

Submission Date: 19-8-2022

EVALUATION:
Report Presentation 10%
Introduction & Procedure 20%
Results & Calculation 40%
Discussion & Conclusion 30%
Overall Grade

Name and signature (of evaluator):…………………………………………

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 Abstract
This report will contain a summary information of Torsion Test experiment for MENG222 Lab
1, in this experiment we will be testing a Steel specimen by putting it in the techquipment
Torsion Testing Machine, in this report, we will see the result of the experiment of Torsion Test
according to the theoretical given values from the lab sheet, this e experiment will show samples
of calculation for the Shear strain γ (radians) and Shear Stress τ (MPa) from the given values,
also this report will express about the result by showing graphs and tables for the experimental
values, in the end of the report we will discuss the errors are involved in the experiment.

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Table of contents

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List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Graphs

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1. OBJECTIVE
To carry out a torsion test to destruction in order to determine the following for a
specimen.
a) The general characteristics of the torque and angle of twist relationship.
b) The modulus of rigidity using torque and angle of twist.
c) The general characteristics of the shear strain, shear stress.
d) The modulus of rigidity using shear stress and shear strain relationships.
e) The shear stress at the limit of proportionality and the maximum shear stress.

2. APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT USED

Tecquipment Torsion Testing Machine , steel rule and Vernier caliper
L0
paralel

d0= mm test diameter metric

Figure 1. Standard torsion specimen for use with the torsion testing machine
Specimen Dimensions
Dimensions Steel Aluminium Brass
d0=Diameter (mm) 5 4.6 4
L0=gauge length (mm) 55 55 55
(L)i=Specimen Length(mm) 144 144 144
3. THEORY
From the general torsion theory for a circular specimen.
Tr
= (1)
J
 = G (2)
TL
ϕ= (3)
JG
Where,
T = Applied Torque ……………………………………… Nm or lbf in
J = Polar second moment of area………………………… mm4 or in4
N
G = Modulus of rigidity …………………………………. or lbf
mm 2 in2
ϕ = Angle of twist (over length L)… .................................. Radians
N
 = Shear stress at radius ‘r’…………………………… 2 or lbf2
mm in
γ = Shear strain….................................................................Radians

r= radius… ......................................................................... mm or in

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4. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1) Measure the overall length and test diameter of the specimen.
2) Draw a line down the length of the degree of the section of the specimen with a
pencil this serves as a visual aid to the degree of twist being put on the specimen
during loading.
3) Mount the specimen firmly in the Torsion Testing Machine.
1) Allow the spring balance to hang free of the torque arm and zero the balance by
adjusting the small knurled screw at the top right hand of the balance.
2) Slide balance along the supporting framework until the two engraved lines, one
on the horizontal cross member of the frame and the other on the balance
assembly block which is sliding along this member, coincide.
3) Slide the hook of the balance under the knife edge on the torque arm with the
hook hanging free at its lowest position.
It is essential when using the Torsion Machine to make sure that the whole length
of the hexagonal ends of the specimen are contained fully within the chuck jaws.
Also when the straining head, and specimen are pushed along the bed so that the
end of the specimen enters the headstock chuck, enter the specimen in to the
chuck until the light compression spring behind the headstock chuck just beings to
compress.
4) when the specimen has been firmly fixed in position clamp the straining head to
the bed.
5) Turn the handle on the straining head until the torque arm is in the horizontal as
shown by the spirit level.
6) Turn the spring balance hand wheel to raise the balance until the hook on the
balance is just contacting the knife edge on the torque arm. This will be seen by
movement of the spirit level bubble.
7) Care should be exercised to carry out this operation so that the torque arm and
spring balance are ‘zeroed’. Both balance hand wheel and straining head hand
wheel may have to be adjusted together to obtain this condition.
8) Zero the fine and course angular displacement dials on the input and output shafts
of the straining head. A knurled nut is provided behind each dial to lock the dial
in position.
9) Zero the revolution counter-by turning clock wise .
10) Zero the dial gauge indicator by rotating the dial.
11) The apparatus is now ready for use and the test specimen can be loaded, in the
desired increments, by turning the handle on the straining head until the specimen
has been rotated the requisite number of degrees as shown on the fine angular
displacement on the machine
12) For each increment of strain record the following:
a) Angle of twist of the specimen (ϕ) in degrees.
b) Applied torque (T) in Nm
c) Show the readings in a table as shown in Table 1.To ensure that an adequate
number of values are obtained from the test, particularly during the elastic region
of strain, more readings are recommended.

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Table 1: Experimental data

Angle of Twist Applied Torque

ϕ (degrees) T (Nm)
1 0.2

2 0.8

3 1.7

4 2.5

5 3.3

6 4.1

8 5.6

10 7.1

12 8.2

14 9.2

16 9.6

18 10

21 10.4

24 10.6

27 10.8

30 10.9

33 11

36 11

39 11.2

42 11.2

48 11.2

54 11.3

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 60 11.4

66 11.4

5. RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS

Show a sample calculation of the shear stress and shear strain and tabulate the
calculations in a form of a table2 shown.

Using the tabulated results,

a) Plot a graph of applied Torque ‘T’ against angle of twist ϕ as a base for the
complete test to failure. Use the slope of this graph to determine the value of the
modulus of rigidity. Also from this graph determine the torque, and then
calculate the shear stress at the limit of proportionality.

b) Plot a graph of shear stress against shear strain of the specimen as a base, for the
complete test to destruction. Use the slope of this graph to determine the value
of the modulus of rigidity. Also from this graph determine the shear strength at
the limit of proportionality, the ultimate shear strength and the fracture shear
strength.

Table 2: Calculated data:

Angle of twist Torque Shear strain Shear Stress

ϕ ( radians) T(Nm) γ ( radians) τ (MPa)

0.01745329252 0.2 6.28319E-06 8152866.242

1.25664E-05
1.88496E-05
2.51327E-05
3.14159E-05
3.76991E-05
5.02655E-05
6.28319E-05
7.53982E-05
8.79646E-05
0.000100531
0.000113097
0.000131947
0.000150796
0.000169646
0.000188496
0.000207345
0.000226195

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 0.000245044
0.000263894
0.000301593
0.000339292
0.000376991
0.00041469
0.03490658504 0.8 32611464.97

0.05235987756 1.7 69299363.06

0.06981317008 2.5 101910828

0.0872664626 3.3 134522293

0.1047197551 4.1 167133758

0.1396263402 5.6 228280254.8

0.1745329252 7.1 289426751.6

0.2094395102 8.2 334267515.9

0.2443460953 9.2 375031847.1

0.2792526803 9.6 391337579.6

0.3141592654 10 407643312.1

0.3665191429 10.4 423949044.6

0.4188790205 10.6 432101910.8

0.471238898 10.8 440254777.1

0.5235987756 10.9 444331210.2

0.5759586532 11 448407643.3

0.6283185307 11 448407643.3

0.6806784083 11.2 456560509.6

0.7330382858 11.2 456560509.6

0.837758041 11.2 456560509.6

0.9424777961 11.2 456560509.6

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1.047197551 11.3 460636942.7

1.151917306 11.4 464713375.8

6. DISCUSSION and CONCLUSION

In your own words

1. State and comment upon the values obtained from the test.
2. Discuss the errors involved in the experiment.

DISCUSSION

As we can a from the results the shear stress and shear strain are in Inverse relation where the
shear stress is increasing while the shear strain is increasing suddenly then its almost constant
with a close result for the rest of the experiment, also its apply the same concept for the angle
of twist indegrees with the applied Torque.

CONCLUSION

From the values gotten from the experiment we can see that there is a straight line where it is
the elastic region where it stops around torque = 11.8 Nm. Then the value of torque stays
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almost constant at 11.8 Nm. Then the torque starts to decrease until it hits zero. i.e. its
destruction.
And we see that the angular twist just keeps on increasing.

Errors:

Errors can occur due to faultiness in the instruments used. Also, human error and parallax error
can occur while getting the readings.

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