TYCO SEMESTER-5th

“Linux commands”
Microproject
OPERATING SYSTEM (22516)
Sr.no Student name Roll no.
1. Pruthviraj 32
Shetkar
2 Omkar Desai 29

Submmited To :-
Prof: Vijaya Patil Mam

ANNEXURE-1
PARTICIPATE DETAIL :
Student Name Roll Enrollment
No. No.
1. Pruthviraj Shetkar 32 2001450041
2. Omkar Desai 29 2001450038

1.1 Introduction:-
The Linux command is a utility of the Linux operating system. All basic and advanced tasks can
be done by executing commands. The commands are executed on the Linux terminal. The
terminal is a command-line interface to interact with the system, which is similar to the
command prompt in the Windows OS.

1.2 Aim of the Microproject:-

The primary goal of the Linux operating system is to have convenience for the user.The goal is
efficient operation of the computer system. The former Operating Systems exist because they are
supposed to make it easier to compute them without them. This view is particularly clear when
you look at operating systems for small PCs. The latter are used for large, shared, multi-user
systems. These systems are expensive, so it is desirable to make them as efficient as possible.

1.3 Action plan:-

Sr Details of Planned Planned Name of
no. activity start date end responsible team
date members
1 Topic search 30-08-22 03-09-22 Pruthviraj,Omkar

2. Project proposal 05-09-22 19-09-22 Pruthviraj,Omkar

creation

3. Details 22-09-22 12-10-22 Pruthviraj

information
gathering for
project
4. Developing 14-10-22 23-10-22
Project diagram Pruthviraj,
Omkar

5. Execution & 25-10-22 11-11-22 Pruthviraj

testing of
project
6. Error 14-11-22 25-11-22 Pruthviraj
Removation

7. Project report 5-12-22 15-12-22 Pruthviraj,Omkar

creation

1.4 Resources required:-

Sr. Name of Specification Quantity Remark
No. Resources
1. Operating system Windows 2010 1

2. Microsoft word 2016 1

3. Search Engine Google 1

 Annexure-II
A MICRO PROJECT ON "LINUX COMMANDS "
1.0 Brief Introduction

At the heart of every modern Mac and Linux computer is the “terminal.” The terminal
evolved from the text-based computer terminals of the 1960s and ’70s, which
themselves replaced punch cards as the main way to interact with a computer. It’s also
known as the command shell,Mac, Linux and Windows computers today are mainly
controlled through user-friendly feature-rich graphical user interfaces (GUIs), with
menus, scroll bars and drag-and-drop interfaces. But all of the basic stuff can still be
accomplished by typing text commands into the terminal or command prompt.

Linux Commands
1. pwd Command

The pwd command is used to display the location of the current working directory.

Syntax:
• pwd

Output:

2. mkdir Command

The mkdir command is used to create a new directory under any directory.

Syntax:
• mkdir <directory name>

Output:

3. rmdir Command

The rmdir command is used to delete a directory.

Syntax:
• rmdir <directory name>

Output:

4. ls Command

The ls command is used to display a list of content of a directory.

Syntax:
• ls

Output:

5. cd Command

The cd command is used to change the current directory.

Syntax:
• cd <directory name>

Output:

Linux File commands

6. cat Command

The cat command is a multi-purpose utility in the Linux system. It can be used to create a file,
display content of the file, copy the content of one file to another file, and more.

Syntax:
• cat [OPTION]... [FILE]..

To create a file, execute it as follows:

• cat > <file name>
• // Enter file content

Press "CTRL+ D" keys to save the file. To display the content of the file, execute it as follows:
• cat <file name>

Output:

7. rm Command

The rm command is used to remove a file.

Syntax:
 rm <file name>

Output:

8. cp Command

The cp command is used to copy a file or directory.

Syntax:

To copy in the same directory:

• cp <existing file name> <new file name>

To copy in a different directory:

Output:

9. mv Command

The mv command is used to move a file or a directory form one location to another location.

Syntax:
• mv <file name> <directory path>

Output:

10. rename Command

The rename command is used to rename files. It is useful for renaming a large group of files.

Syntax:
• rename 's/old-name/new-name/' files

For example, to convert all the text files into pdf files, execute the below command:
• rename 's/\.txt$/\.pdf/' *.txt

Output:

11. head Command

The head command is used to display the content of a file. It displays the first 10 lines of a file.

Syntax:
• head <file name>

Output:
 12. Tail Command

The tail command is similar to the head command. The difference between both commands is
that it displays the last ten lines of the file content. It is useful for reading the error message.

Syntax:
• tail <file name>

Output:

13. more command

The more command is quite similar to the cat command, as it is used to display the file content
in the same way that the cat command does. The only difference between both commands is
that, in case of larger files, the more command displays screenful output at a time.

In more command, the following keys are used to scroll the page:

ENTER key: To scroll down page by line.

Space bar: To move to the next page.

b key: To move to the previous page.

/ key: To search the string.

Syntax:
• more <file name>

Output:

14. less Command

The less command is similar to the more command. It also includes some extra features such as
'adjustment in width and height of the terminal.' Comparatively, the more command cuts the
output in the width of the terminal.

Syntax:
• less <file name>

Output:

15. useradd Command

The useradd command is used to add or remove a user on a Linux server.

Syntax:
• useradd  username
 Output:

16. passwd Command

The passwd command is used to create and change the password for a user.

Syntax:
• passwd <username>

Output:

17. cut Command

The cut command is used to select a specific column of a file. The '-d' option is used as a
delimiter, and it can be a space (' '), a slash (/), a hyphen (-), or anything else. And, the '-f' option
is used to specify a column number.

Syntax:
• cut -d(delimiter) -f(columnNumber) <fileName>

Output:

18. comm Command

This command is used to compare two files or streams. By default, it displays three columns, first
displays non-matching items of the first file, second indicates the non-matching item of the
second file, and the third column displays the matching items of both files.

Syntax:
• comm <file1> <file2>

Output:

19. tee command

The tee command is quite similar to the cat command. The only difference between both filters
is that it puts standard input on standard output and also write them into a file.

Syntax:
• cat <fileName> | tee <newFile> |  cat or tac |.....

Output:

20. tr Command
 The tr command is used to translate the file content like from lower case to upper case.

Syntax:
• command | tr <'old'> <'new'>

Output:

21. uniq Command

The uniq command is used to form a sorted list in which every word will occur only once.

Syntax:
• command <fileName> | uniq

Output:

22. wc Command

The wc command is used to count the lines, words, and characters in a file.

Syntax:
• wc <file name>

Output:

2.0  Actual Resources Use

Sr. no. Name of resource material Specifications Quantity
1 computer Windows 10 1
2 textbook/manual OSY Operating Systems 22516 1
•
• 3.0    Outputs of the Micro-Project
• In this project, we successfully get information about the shell scripting in
Linux/Unix. TECHNOLOGIES
• 4.0  Skill Developed / Learning outcomes of this Micro-Project
• Increase knowledge about Linux Command
• Experience teamwork
• Increase communication skill
• Know about Linux Command.
Conclusion
The title of this chapter is "Learning About Commands," and that's what we've covered.
By now, you've seen that there are a variety of ways to find out more about your options
on the command line
Referance