Arero Primary Hospital Triage Protocol

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The key takeaways are that practices should have written triage protocols and guidelines to ensure patients are clinically prioritized for appointments, and non-clinical staff should be trained to recognize emergencies and direct patients appropriately. Effective triage is important for risk management.

A triage protocol is a process for prioritizing patients needing appointments. There are three broad categories - emergency needing immediate care, urgent needing same-day appointment, and routine needing future appointment. Practices need processes to handle urgent cases when fully booked.

Triage protocols are important for risk management and legal defense. If a patient comes to harm due to treatment delay, the practice needs to show it had sound protocols, staff was trained, and call records exist to defend itself against claims of negligence.

ARERO PRIMARY HOSPITAL

TRIAGE PROTOCOL

NOV 2022
Triage Protocol
As a matter of good risk management, appointment systems would benefit from some method of
identifying patients who should be seen urgently or referred to the Emergency Department. One
way of doing this is to equip your receptionists with training and simple guidance so that they
can carry out a rudimentary triage.
Effective triage is an integral part of general practice and is better based on clinical need rather
than catering to the most persuasive or demanding patients. This requires the adoption and
promulgation of written guidelines for staff to ensure that patients seeking appointments are
appropriately clinically prioritised – and providing appropriate training and support tools for all
front-office staff. It also requires ongoing collection and analysis of data on requests for
appointments (and home visits) and how they were managed. General practices need to make
provision for both urgent and routine appointments, as well as appropriately managing
emergencies. Allowing inappropriately triaged cases to swamp the practice could prevent the
provision of ongoing care. An effective triage system could help direct patients to the most
appropriate appointment at the most appropriate time, and identify patients who have an
immediate medical need.

What is a triage protocol?


When a patient calls up for an appointment there are three broad areas they fall into
(assuming that they do need an appointment):
1. Emergency – immediate need, they need to be directed to the Emergency Department or an
ambulance should be called
2. Urgent – need to be seen that day
3. Routine – need an appointment, but not same day. Practices need a process for when all the
appointments for the morning/afternoon are gone, but a patient needs an urgent appointment (eg,
slotted in as an extra, the call is put through to a GP/nurse. Obviously if a case is sufficiently
urgent to require an ambulance transfer to the ED, it would be inappropriate to offer an urgent
appointment. If the receptionist directs a patient to the Emergency department or calls a
ambulance for a patient, the duty doctor should be informed. This action should be
documented in the patient record.
What should concern you
■■ Does your practice have a triage policy/triage guidelines?
■■ Are the people who take calls in your practice trained in triage?
■■ Are staff trained to recognise what constitutes an emergency?
■■ Does your telephone system have an option for urgent phone calls or calls requesting same-
day appointments?
■■ If incoming phone lines are busy, do you have a message advising patients to call in an
emergency situation?
■■ Do you collect and analyse call data as part of your practice’s service analysis/risk
management procedures?

Introducing protocols
If you want staff to willingly follow a protocol, it is better to ensure they were involved in
drafting it. Consider:
 referring staff to external training and/or provide it in-house
 providing scripts and simulation rehearsal.
 providing tools such as flow charts and algorithms. Practices should have sound triage
policies and protocols in place for non-clinical staff to deal with emergency situations.
Training staff in how to follow them will safeguard against criticism should a patient
come to harm because of a delay in seeing someone, giving advice or being directed to
emergency treatment.

There should be a process whereby receptionists can reflect on their triage with senior
receptionists or a member of the clinical team. Some patients do not like non-clinical staff
asking clinical questions so a new triage system may need to be
explained to patients. Consider informing patients using the practice website, the practice
leaflet, signs at the reception desk and posters in the waiting room.

Why are protocols important?


If an established patient of yours comes to harm because of delay in either seeing you, or being
given advice and directed where/how to seek emergency treatment, you may be held
responsible. Arguing that there are “too many patients – not enough doctors” may
be an explanation of how the harm came to happen, but it is not a defence. If a patient asserts
that he or she came to harm as a result of delayed assessment and treatment, inevitably the
doctor faces a strong “hindsight bias”. A successful defence would require evidence-based
policies and protocols that the practice had sound triage policies and protocols, that the staff was
trained in the application of those policies and protocols, and that there were good notes
recording the content of the relevant telephone or front desk inquiries.

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