@ICIJIN

‚ @brgbci Abjidir‐

Geiducif Rftuc 4
@b`bfune Wumis @iti Cujein \bfmbjojiif \bfgegecif
Gosbf \bfmi`pu 4

Gr.N.Gigifm Qin`if @ufifgir,@.\g

Gesusuf ojbn 4

 Geifi Hetre Cusu`iwite (959<8;9<2<<<>)

 ]ejyi Qin`i Wrbsfi (959<8;9<2<9=9)
Cbjis ; K

\QOMQI@ [WRGE \BFGEGECIF @IWB@IWECI

HICRJWI[ CBMRQRIF GIF EJ@R\BFGEGECIF
RFEXBQ[EWI[ [EFMI\BQAIFM[I CIQI]IFM
1<1<

e
 

GIHWIQ E[E

GIHWIQ E[E.............
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CIWI \BFMIFWIQ .............................
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.......ee
9.9 Jitir Abjicifm.............
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9.1 Q`usif @isijin.............

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9.; Wuduif `icijin.............

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AIA EE..............
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\B@AINI[IF.............
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1.9 \bfmbrteif @brgbci Abjidir ............................

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1.1 Rrieif \bfmbjojiif @brgbci Abjidir ..............................................................................1

............................................................................1

I. Cofs
Cofsbp
bp Gis
Gisir
ir @br
@brgb
gbci
ci Abj
Abjid
idir 
ir .............................
............................................
..............................
....................................;
.....................;

A. Cbae
Cbaedi
dici
cif
f @brg
@brgbc
bcii Abji
Abjidi
dir 
r ...........................
..........................................
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............... 7

K. E`pjb
E`pjb`b
`bft
ftis
isee @br
@brgb
gbci
ci Abji
Abjidi
dir 
r ............................
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.........2

AIA EEE...............
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\BFRWR\..............
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;.9 Qbco`bfgise.............
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;.1 Cbse`pujif..............
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GIHWIQ \R[WICI.............
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e
 

CIWI \BFMIFWIQ 

  \ude [yucur ci`e pifditcif

pifditcif cb-nigerit
cb-nigerit Wunif Uifm @ini Bsi, cirbfi itis
 abrcit rin`it gif cirufeiFyijin, @icijin efe gipit tbrsbjbsiecif gbfmif aiec, tbpit
 pigi wictufyi. Igipuf tuduif pbfujesif @icijin efe igijin uftuc `b`bfune tumis
@iti
@i ti Cuje
Cujein
in \bfmb
\bfmbjo
joji
jiif
if \b
\bfge
fgege
gecif
cif,, pi
pigi
gi sb
sb`b
`bst
stbr
br te
temi
mi ge ti
tinuf
nuf ic
icig
igb`
b`ec 
ec 
1<1</1<19 gbfmif duguj ‚@brgbci Abjidir‐.

[bjifdutfyi ci`e `bfmukipcif tbre`i cisen cbpigi Aipic Gr. N. Gigifm

Qin`if @ufifgir,@.\g sbjicu gosbf `iti cujein \bfmbjojiif \bfgegecif yifm
tbjin `b`abre cbsb`pitif gif cbpbrkiyiiffyi cbpigi ci`e uftuc `b`auit gif
`bfybjbsiecif `icijin efe. [bnefmmi ci`e `b`pbrojbn aifyic ej`u, efhor`ise gif
 pbfmbtinuif sbji`i ci`e `b`auit gif `bfybjbsiecif `icijin efe. Wegic jupi
cbpigi sbjurun rbcif ci`e yifm `b`aiftu pbfybjbsieif `icijin efe aiec abrupi
 aiftuif `orej `iupuf `itbrej.

[btbjin
[btbjin etu
etu ci
ci`e
`e abrni
abrniri
rip
p sb
sb`o
`omi
mi `ici
`iciji
jin
n ef
efee ab
abrm
rmuf
ufii ai
aime
me pb
pb`a
`aikikii
`bscep
`bs cepuf
uf tbrgipi
tbrgipitt aifyic
aifyic cbcuri
cbcurifms
fmsb`p
b`purf
urfiif
iif ge giji`f
giji`fyi.
yi. Icner
Icner citi
citi ci`e
ci`e
`b`eft
`b` eftii `iih
`iih sbabsi
sbabsir-a
r-absi
bsirfy
rfyii cbpigi
cbpigi penic
penic pb`aiki
pb`aiki `iupuf
`iupuf pbfmor
pbfmorbcs
bcsee de
deci
ci
tbrgipit cbsijinif giji` pbfujesif, pbfyusufif `iupuf cbsijinif jief yifm tegic 
 abrcbfif ge nite pb`aiki `upuf pbfmorbcse, cirbfi nefmmi siit efe ci`e `isen

giji`
giji` prosbs
prosbs abjidir.
abjidir. Ojbn
Ojbn cirbfi
cirbfi etu ci`e `b`ono
`b`onof
f cretec
cretec gif siriff
siriffyi
yi gb`e
gb`e
cb`idiuif abrsi`i.

Ciriwifm, 91 Octoabr 1<1<

  \bfyusuf

ee
 

AIA E

\BFGINRJRIF

9.9 Jitir
Jitir Abjicifm
Abjicifm
Abjidir `brupicif suitu tefgicif gif pbrejicu seswi yifm sifmit co`pjbcs
giji`
gij i` `bfkir
`bfkiree gif `bfbre
`bfbre`i`i suitu
suitu ej`u
ej`u pbfmbt
pbfmbtinu
inuif.
if. Giji`
Giji` abjidi
abjidirr tbr
tbrgipi
gipitt
eftbricse iftiri muru (pbfgegec) gbfmif seswi (pbsbrti gegec) uftuc `bfkipie tuduif
 pb`abjidirif. Wuduif pb`abjidirif icif tbrkipie deci pbfbripif pb`abjidirif sbsuie
gb
gbfmi
fmiff cofge
cofgese
se pb
pbsb
sbrt
rtii gege
gegec
c yi
yifm
fm ab
abri
rimi
mi`.
`. [b
[bji
ji`i
`i efefee pr
pros
osbs
bs ab
abji
jidi
dirr ni
nify
fyii
 abrtu`pu cbpigi pbfgegec sbaimie su`abr uti`i, sbnefmmi pbsbrti gegec curifm
tbrjeait giji` pb`abjidirif, cirbfi pbsbrti gegec geciticif abjidir ipiaeji `brbci
`i`pu `bfmefmit gif `bfmnihij
`bfmnihij efhor`ise itiu pbjidirif
pbjidirif yifm tbjin gesi`piecif
gesi`piecif..
\b`abjidirif sbpbrte efe tegic icif `b`auit pbsbrti gegec `bfdige icteh, `ifgere gif
`bfmb`aifmcif pbfmbtinuiffyi abrgisircif pbfmiji`if abjidir yifm tbjin `brbci
jicucif. [berefm cb`iduif zi`if gif tbcfojome, tbftufyi geautuncif [G@ ([u`abr 
Giyi @ifusei) yifm abrcuijetis.Jifmcin stritbmes aime pbrwudugif tuduif ge itis
igijin igifyi jiyifif inje cbpbfgegecif yifm abrnisej mufi gif abrgiyi mufi tefmme,
sbpbrte stugbft iktevb jbirfefm.

Estej
Estejin
in cb`brg
cb`brgbci
bciif
if sbrefm
sbrefm ge`icf
ge`icfieie gbfmif
gbfmif cbabais
cbabaisif
if giji`
giji` irte
irte yifm
sbsufmu
sbsufmunfyi
nfyi.. Uifm
Uifm `bfdig
`bfdigee pbr`is
pbr`isiji
ijiniff
niffyi
yi igijin
igijin `isen
`isen aifyic
aifyic ceti
ceti `bjeni
`bjenitt
upiyi pbfmbcifmif ge`ifi-`ifi,
ge`ifi-`ifi, cnususfyi giji` pbfgegecif.
pbfgegecif. Muru gif `ureg
 abju` `brisicif otofo`e yifm kucup uftuc `bfbftucif irin cbaedicsifiif abjidir 
gif `bfmidirfyi cirbfi `isen geitur gbfmif rbmujise yifm `b`auit rbfkifi, prosbs
 pbjicsifiif, gif bvijuise yifm gejicucif tbrcbsif geaitise gif `bfmecit. Wegic 
 dirifm, ceti `bjenit gbfmif iturif di` pbjidirif yifm nirus pbfune, `b`auit muru
gif seswi tegic aesi hocus giji` pb`abjidirif. Giji` `icijin efe icif gedbjiscif
jbaen refke tbrciet ru`usif `isijin aiec gire pbfmbrteif, pbfmbjojiif, cofsbp, gif
e`pjb`
e`p jb`bft
bftise
ise gire
gire @brgbci
@brgbci Abjidi
Abjidirr imir
imir tbr
tbrkep
kepti
ti prosbs
prosbs abjidi
abjidirr yifm
yifm `b`aift
`b`aiftu u
`bwudugcif sestb` pbfgegecif yifm jbaen aiec jime.

9.1 Q`usif @isijin

Abrgisircif
Abrgis ircif jitir abjicifm
abjicifm `isijin geitis, pbfujes
pbfujes `bru`ursicif
`bru`ursicif ru`usif
`isijin sbaimie abrecut4

9. Ipi pbfmbrt
pbfmbrteif
eif @brgbci
@brgbci Abjidi
Abjidir?
r?
1. Aimie`
Aimie`ifi
ifi Cofsb
Cofsbp p gisir
gisir @brgb
@brgbcici Abjid
Abjidir?
ir?
;. Aimie`
Aimie`ifi
ifi Cbae
Cbaedic
dicif
if @brgb
@brgbcici Abjid
Abjidir?
ir?
7. Aimie`ifi
Aimie`ifi E`pjb`
E`pjb`bftie
bftie @brgbci
@brgbci Abjidir
Abjidir giji` `itb`iteci?
`itb`iteci?

9.; Wuduif `icijin

[bdijif gbfmif ru`usif `isjin geitis, `ici `icijin efe gesusuf gbfmif
tuduif uftuc `bfmbtinue gif `bfgbscrepsecif4
9. \bfmbrteif @brgbci Abjidir .
1. Cofsbp gisir @brgbci Abjidir.
;. Cbaedicif @brgbci Abjidir.
7. E`pjb`bftie @brgbci Abjidir giji` `itb`iteci.

9
 

AIA EE

\B@AINI[IF

1.9 \bfmbrteif @brgbci Abjidir 

@brgbci Abjidir igijin promri` cbaedicif airu Cb`bftbreif \bfgegecif gif
Cbaugiyiif Qbpuajec Efgofbsei (Cb`bfgecaug QE) yifm gekififmcif ojbn @bftbre
\bfgegecif gif Cbaugiyiif QE Ciaefbt Efgofbsei @idu, Figeb` Ifwir @icire`.
Bsbfse
Bsb fse cb`brg
cb`brgbci
bciif
if abrpec
abrpecer,
er, `bfuru
`bfurutt Figeb`,
Figeb`, nirus
nirus geginuj
geginujue
ue ojbn
ojbn piri
piri muru
muru
sbabju
sba bju`
` `brbci
`brbci `bfmid
`bfmidirc
irciffy
iffyii pigi
pigi seseswi
swi-se
-seswe
swe.. Figeb`
Figeb` `bfyba
`bfybaut,
ut, giji`
giji`
co`pbtbfse muru ge jbvbj ipi puf, tifpi igi prosbs pbfbrdb`inif gire co`pbtbfse
gisir
gis ir gif curecu
curecuju`
ju` yifm igi, `ici tegic
tegic icif
icif pbrfin
pbrfin igi pb`abj
pb`abjidi
idirif
rif yifm
tbrdige.

@brgbc
@brg bcii ababji
jidi
dirr ab
abr`
r`ic
icfi
fi cb
cb`b
`brg
rgbci
bciif
if abjid
abjidir
ir,, yi
yicfe
cfe `b`a
`b`abr
brec
ecif
if
cbsb`pitif abjidir sbabais-abaisfyi gif sbfyi`if-fyi`iffyi cbpigi ific gegec 
uftuc abjidir gbfmif tbfifm, siftie gif mb`aeri tifpi strbs gif tbcifif gbfmif
`b`pbrnitecif aicit iji`e yifm `brbci pufyi, tifpi `b`icsi `brbci `b`pbjidire
itiu `bfmuisie suitu aegifm pbfmbtinuif ge juir noae gif cb`i`puif `brbci,
sbne
sbnefmm
fmmii `ise
`isefmfm-`
-`is
isef
efm
m `brb
`brbci
ci `b`p
`b`pufy
ufyie
ie porto
portoho
hoje
jeo
o yiyifm
fm sb
sbsu
suie
ie gb
gbfmi
fmiff
cbmb`iriffyi
cbmb`i riffyi.. [baia, `b`abre abaif cbpigi pbjidir
pbjidir ge juir cb`i`puiffyi
cb`i`puiffyi igijin
igijin

tefgicif yifm tbrkbji sbkiri icij sbnit gif tegic `ufmcef gejicucif ojbn muru yifm
 aedic. Efe tic uainfyi sbpbrte `ureg yifm auti jiju muru `b`e`tifyi `bfkbreticif
ipi gif aimie`ifi `itinire etu cbpigi tb`if-tb`iffyi.

Ce Nidir Gbwiftiri `bfbcifcif abrujifm cije tbftifm cb`brgbciif abjidir.

"...cb`brgbci
"...cb`brgbciif
if nbfgicfyi
nbfgicfyi gecbficif
gecbficif tbrnigip
tbrnigip kirifyi
kirifyi ific-ific
ific-ific abrpecer,
abrpecer, yietu
 difmif sbjiju "gepbjopore", itiu gesurun `bfmicue auin pecerif orifm jief, icif tbtip
 aeisicifjin ific-ific `bfkire sbfgere sbmiji pbfmbtiniuf gbfmif `bfmmuficif
 peceriffyi sbfgere..." Ce Nigdir Gbwiftiri (aucu \brefmitif Wi`if-[eswi ;< Winuf,
95
9511-
11-952
9521)
1).. Ific
Ific pi pigi
gi gi
gisi
sirf
rfyi
yi `i`p
`i`pu u ab
abrp
rpec
ecer
er uftuc
uftuc "`bf
"`bfb`
b`ucucif
if"" su
suit
itu
u
 pbfmbtinuif. Aeji cb`brgbciif abjidir tbrpbfune `ici icif tbrkepti "abjidir 
`brgbci" itiu "pb`abjidirif yifm `brgbci" gif sbcojinfyi gesbaut sbcojin yifm
`brgbci itiu sbcojin yifm `b`abaiscif

1.1 Rrieif \bfmbjojiif @brgbci Abjidir 

\igi urieif \bfmbjojiif @brgbci Abjidir efe icif gedbjiscif sbkiri ruftut
ge`ujie gire sese piyufm nucu` yifm `bfgisire upiyi `bwudugcif cuijetis [G@
sbaimie`ifi tuduif cbaedicif @brgbci Abjidir, geecute gbfmif ese pococ `brgbci
 abjidir etu sbfgere, jiju cofsbp gisir @brgbci Abjidir gecide sbkiri tbore itiu
gbhefesefyi, gif geicnere tifmmipif pbfejieif sbaimie `isucif, sbrti niripif gire
gemujerciffyi cbaedicif `brgbc iabjidir.

\bft
\bfteefmfy
fmfyii `b`
`b`ejeejece [G@
[G@ yifmyifm ufmm
ufmmuj
uj `brbrup
upic
icif
if soj
ojus
usee giji
giji`
`
`bfybj
`bfybjbsi
bsieci
ecif
f pbr`is
pbr`isiji
ijin
n aifmsi
aifmsi,, sbaimie
sbaimie`if
`ifii gesi`p
gesi`piec
iecif
if ojbn
ojbn @bfgec
@bfgecaug,
aug,
 ainwi4 ‚Ipipuf co`pjbcsetis `isi gbpif, cijiu [G@ ceti aesi `bfifmife
co`pjbcset
co`pjbcsetisis `ici etu tegic `bfdige `isijin‐ (HOQ]I[ Bgese cb-;/1<95). Wbftu
[G@ yifm gecbnbfgice
gecbnbfgice `brupicif cipetij eftbjbctuij
eftbjbctuij yifm `b`ejece
`b`ejece cbufmmujif
cbufmmujif
co`pbteteh
co`pbt eteh gif copbriteh,
copbriteh, gif seip `bfmnigipe bri mjoaijesis
mjoaijesise.
e. @bfmbfie
@bfmbfie tiftifmif
tiftifmif
yifm abrse
yifm abrsehit
hit eftbrf
eftbrfij,
ij, abrupi
abrupi mbdiji
mbdiji `bjb`i
`bjb`infyi
nfyi `bftij
`bftijeti
etiss ific-if
ific-ific
ic aifmsi
aifmsi
sbaimie gi`pic `iricfyi se`puj efhor`ise gire `bgei soseij. @bfmnigipe tiftifmif

1
 

tbrs
tbrsbau
bautt tb
tbft
ftu
u ni
niru
russ gee`
gee`aif
aifme
me gbfmi
gbfmif
f pb
pbfg
fgeg
egec
ecif
if yi
yifm
fm ab
abr`
r`ut
utu
u su
supiy
piyii gipit
gipit
`bfdi`
`bf di`ef
ef [G@ yifm
yifm abrcuij
abrcuijeti
etis,
s, yifm
yifm aesi
aesi abrtef
abrtefgic
gic kbpit,
kbpit, tbpit,
tbpit, gif `i`pu
`i`pu
 abrigiptise gbfmif aiec giji` `bfmiftesepise sbcijemus `bfmitise gi`pic fbmiteh 
gire mbjo`aifm pbruainif absir tbrsbaut. Fi`uf siyifmfyi cofgese pbfgegecif ceti
 abju` `bfufduccif nisej yifm `b`uiscif, sijin situ efgecitorfyi abrgisircif
giti scor \E[I (\romri``b hor Eftbrfiteofij [tugbfts Issbss`bft) tinuf 1<92 pigi
tefmcit jetbrise yifm `bjepute temi ispbc3 `b`aiki, cb`i`puif `itb`iteci, gif
cb`i`puif sief, `isen abrigi pigi pbrefmcit 9< absir tbraiwin yietu pbrefmcit cb-

81 gire
gire =1 fbmiri
fbmiri ifmmoti
ifmmoti OBKG
OBKG (Ormfe
(Ormfezit
ziteof
eof hor Bkofo`
Bkofo`ek
ek Koopbr
Koopbrite
iteof
of ifg
Gbvbjop`bft), ceti `isen cijin gire fbmiri Xebtfi` (Co`piseifi, 98/91/ 1<9>).

Cb`bftbreif \bfgegecif gif Cbaugiyiif (Cb`bfgecaug)

sbjic
bjicu
u jbig
jbigeefm sbc
bcto
torr pbfg
pbfgeg
egeecif
cif fise
fiseof
ofij
ij si
sifm
fmit
it abrp
abrpbr
brif
if pbft
pbfteefm giji
giji`
`
`bwudugcif
`bwud ugcif cuijetis [G@ Efgofbsei,
Efgofbsei, `ici gire etu `bjijue cbaedicif pbfgegecif
‚@br
‚@ brgbc
gbcii Abji
Abjidi
dir‐
r‐,, ge`i
ge`ifi
fi titirm
rmbt
bt pb`br
pb`bref
efti
tini
nif
f pb
pbre
reog
ogbb cb
cbgu
guii Do
Docow
cowee icif
icif
`b`h
`b `hoc
ocus
usci
cif f gere
gere pipigi
gi pbpb`a
`aif
ifmu
mufi
fiff [u`a
[u`abr
br Giyi
Giyi @ifu
@ifuse
seii sb
sbai
aimi
mie`
e`if
ifii
gei`ifitcif giji` Fiwiketi cbje`i, uftuc `bfefmcitcif cuijetis negup `ifusei
Efgofbsei. sbcijemus uftuc `bwudugcif sijin situ syirit giji` pbfmbjojiif promri`
`brgbci abjidir yifm nirus `b`pufyie [G@ abrcuijetis.

I. Cofsbp
Cofsbp Gisir
Gisir @brgbci
@brgbci Abji
Abjidir 
dir 
Cofs
Co fsbp
bp gi
gisi
sirr @brg
@brgbci
bci Abji
Abjidi
dirr ij
ijii Fige
Figeb`
b` @icir
@icire`
e` tb
tbrg
rgor
orofm
ofm ci
cirb
rbfi
fi
cbefme
cbefmefiff
fiffyi
yi `bfkep
`bfkeptic
ticif
if suisif
suisifii abjidi
abjidirr yifm
yifm ainimei
ainimei tifpi
tifpi geabaif
geabaifee gbfmif
gbfmif

 pbfkipieif scor itiu fejie tbrtbftu. @brgbci Abjidir `bfdige sijin situ promri`
uftuc `bfkepticif suisifi abjidir ge sbcojin yifm ainimei suisifi yifm nippy,
 ainimei aime pbsbrti gegec `iupuf piri muru. Igipuf yifm `bjitirabjicifme
geiftirifyi aifyic cbjunif piri orifmtui pigi sestb` pbfgegecif fiseofij yifm
 abrjicu sbji`i efe. [ijin situfyi eijin cbjunif soij aifyicfyi seswi yifm gepitoc 
gbfmif
gbf mif fejie-
fejie-fej
fejie
ie tbrtbf
tbrtbftu)
tu).. Geti`a
Geti`ainc
incif
if puji
puji ainwi
ainwi promri
promri`` @brgbc
@brgbcii Abjidi
Abjidir 
r 
`brupicif abftuc pbfybsuieif cbaedicif uftuc `bfmb`aijecif bsbfse gire isbs`bf
yifm sb`icef gejupicif. "Cofsbpfyi, `bfmb`aijecif cbpigi bsbfse ufgifm-ufgifm
ceti
ceti uf
uftu
tuc
c `b`a
`b`abrbrec
ecif
if cb cb`b
`brg
rgbc
bciif
iif sb
sbcoj
cojin
in `bfme
`bfmeft
ftbr
brpr
prbt
btis
isee co`pbt
co`pbtbf
bfse
se--
co`pbtbfse gisir curecuju`, `bfdige pbfejieif `brbci sbfgere, sbpbrte gesi`piecif
Gerdbf Muru gif Wbfimi Cbpbfgegecif (Gerdbf MWC) Cb`bfgecaug [upreifo

\brcb`aifmif tbcfojome gemetij pigi nicecitfyi `bfkepticif pbfmbtinuif

uftuc aesi `bji`piue icsbs efhor`ise tifpi aitis. \brif pbfgegec sbaimie `bftorefm
 abrcbjifdutif, `bfmb`aifmcif cb`i`puif `b`bkincif `isijin,
gif tbi`worc
tbi`worc uftuc pbsbrti
pbsbrti gegec sbrti `bjicucif
`bjicucif prosbs
prosbs pbfejieif
pbfejieif gbfmif tegic 
`bfetecabri
`bfet ecabritcif
tcif pigi fejie fi`uf prosbs pb`abjidirif pb`abjidirif yifm gejicucif. \bfgegec 
 pbrju `bfgegec pbsbrti gegec sbsuie gbfmif cirictbrestec pbsbrti gegec siit efe yifm
gecbfi
gec bfijj gbfmif
gbfmif ‚gemet
‚gemetij
ij fit
fitevb
evb‐‐ itiu
itiu aeisi
aeisi gesbau
gesbautt sbaimi
sbaimiee mbfbris
mbfbrisee `ejjbf
`ejjbffei
feij.
j.
Mbfbrise
Mbfbri se ‚gemetij
‚gemetij fitevb‐
fitevb‐ `b`ejece
`b`ejece kere-kere
kere-kere44 icteh,
icteh, huf, rifgo` icsbs,
icsbs, efstif,
efstif, `ujte
`ujte
tiscef
tiscefm,m, fbtwor
fbtworcef
cefm m gif jehb.
jehb. Ojbn
Ojbn cirbfi
cirbfi etu,etu, uft
uftuc
uc `bfmnig
`bfmnigipeipe pbrcb`
pbrcb`aifm
aifmif
if
tbcfojome ge bri gemetijesise giji` `bfgegec pbsbrti gegec mbfbrise ‚gemetij fitevb‐,
sijin situ mimisif Cofsbp `brgbci abjidir giji` pbfgegecif ge bri gemetij dumi gipit
geirtecif ainwi sb`ui prosbs pbfgegecif `b`brjucif co`et`bf giji` pbfefmcitif
efvbs
efvbstitise
se ge pb
pbfmb
fmb`a`aifm
ifmifif geme
gemeti
tijj sc
scej
ejjj ge gu
gufe
feii pb
pbfge
fgege
geci
cif,
f, sb
sbji
jiju
ju `bfk
`bfkoai
oai
`bfbripcif
`bfbr ipcif prototyp
prototypbb tbcfojome
tbcfojome tbrairu
tbrairu giji` `b`pbr`ugin
`b`pbr`ugin prosbs prosbs pb`abjidiri
pb`abjidiriff
ge gufei
gufei pbfgeg
pbfgegeci
ecif,
f, gif `bfmmij
`bfmmijee abraimi
abraimiee abftuc
abftuc cojiaor
cojiaorise
ise airu
airu aime `ogbj
sbrteh
sbr teheci
ecise
se itiu
itiu pbfgege
pbfgegecif
cif giji`
giji` rifinrifin pbfefm
pbfefmcit
citif
if gemeti
gemetijj scejj
scejj sbnefm
sbnefmmimi `utu
`utu
 pbfgegecif gipit getefmcitcif.

;
 

Wbrgipit dumi ababripi Cofsbp Gisir @brgbci Abjidir ge i`aej gire nucu`
yifm
yifm `bfy
`bfybr
brttie upiy
upiyii `b
`bfe
fefm
fmci
cittcif
cif cuij
cuijet
etis
is [G@ Ef Efgo
gofb
fbssei ge
geji
jifg
fgis
isee
tifmmufmdiwia uftuc `bfdijifcif i`ifit4

 \b`auciif
\b`auci if RRG 9572 ijefbi
ijefbi EX4 giji`
giji` rifmci
rifmci `bfkbr
`bfkbrgis
giscif
cif cbnegupi
cbnegupif
f
 aifmsi3
 \isij ;9, pigi iyit ;, yifm `bfyiticif
`bfyiticif ainwi pb`breftin
pb`breftin `bfmusinicif
`bfmusinicif gif
`bfy
`bfybj
bjbf
bfmm
mmir
iric
icif
if suit
suitu
u sesest
stb`
b` pb
pbfg
fgeg
egec
ecif
if fi
fise
seof
ofij
ij,, gi
giji
ji`
` ri
rifm
fmci
ci
`bfkbrgiscif cbnegupif aifmsi3

A. Cbaedic
Cbaedicifif @brg
@brgbci
bci Abjidi
Abjidir 
r 
Igii b`pit
Ig b`pit cb cbae
aedi
dicif
cif gemuj
gemujer
erci
ciff @bfg
@bfgec ecau
aug
g Fige
Figeb`
b` @ici
@icire
re`
` gi
giji
ji`
`
`bwudugcif prefsep ‚@brgbci Abjidir‐. Cbb`pit pbruainif yifm gemujercif etu
igijin4
9. @bfmm
bfmmif
ifte
te R[A
R[AF
Rd
Rdei
eif
f [b [bco
coji
jin
n Abrs
Abrsti
tifg
fgirir Fise
Fiseofi
ofijj (R
(R[A
[AF)
F) sb
sbji
ji`i
`i efefee `bfb
`bfbft
ftuc
ucif
if
cbjujusif seswi sbcojin. Figeb` icif `bfmmifte R[AF etu gif `b`abaiscif
teip-t
teip-teip
eip sbcoji
sbcojinn uftuc
uftuc `b`aec
`b`aecef ef ude
udeif
if sbkiri
sbkiri otofo`
otofo`.. Fi`uf
Fi`uf efe abju`
abju`
 abrsehit widea aime sbcojin
"Digefyi efe ceti `b`abrecif cb`brgbciif aime muru-muru pbfmmbric ge
sbjuru
sbjurunn Efgofb
Efgofbsei
sei uftuc
uftuc `bfkep
`bfkepticticif
if cofsbp
cofsbp-co
-cofsb
fsbpp pbfejie
pbfejieif
if yifm
yifm jbaen
jbaen
nojestec, yifm abfir-abfir `bfmude co`pbtbfse gisir curecuju` ceti. Aucif
nifyi pbfmbtinuif itiu nihijif sidi," citi Figeb`.
  Ifmmirif
Ifmmirif yifm sbji`i
sbji`i efe gemuficif
gemuficif uftuc pbfybjbfmmir
pbfybjbfmmiriif
iif R[AF icif
geijencif uftuc pbfefmcitif cuijetis muru.
1. @bfmfmnnipus RF
  Rdeif
Rdeif Fiseof
Fiseofij
ij (RF)
(RF) aicij
aicij genipus
genipus pigi 1<19
1<19 fifte,
fifte, gemift
gemiftee gbfmif
gbfmif
Isbs`b
Isb s`bff Co`pbt
Co`pbtbfsbfsee @efe`
@efe`u`u` gif [urvbe
[urvbe Cirict
Cirictbr.
br. \bjics
\bjicsifii
ifiiff udeif
udeif
 pbfmmifte RF icif gembjir ge tbfmin dbfdifm, aucif ge udufm dbfdifm sbpbrte
RF siit efe.
  Ijisiffyi, pbrti`i, udeif ge tbfmin dbfdifm `b`ufmcefcif penic pbfgegec 
 pufyi wictu uftuc `b`pbraiece cuijetis seswi sbabju` jujus giji` suitu
 dbfdifm, bftin etu jujus [G,
[ G, jujus [@\, itiu jujus [@I. \braiecif abrgisircif
nisej isbs`bf gif survbe tic icif aesi gejicucif aeji nisejfyi airu gecbtinue ge
icner dbfdifm pbfgegecif. Nisej gire udeif etu aicij `bfufduccif cbpigi muru-
muru, seswi `ifi sidi yifm `b`autuncif aiftuif bcstri supiyi cuijetisfyi
 aesi sbsuie tirmbt. Ijisif cbgui, isbs`bf ge tbfmin dbfdifm getbripcif imir tic 

igi jime udeif icner yifm aecef strbs seswi gif orifm tui. Isbs`bf co`pbtbfse
`efe`u` gif survbe cirictbr icif gejicucif gbfmif aiftuif ormifesise giji`
fb
fbmb
mbre
re gi
giff juir
juir fb
fbmbr
mbre,
e, tb
tbr`
r`is
isuc
uc Or
Ormi
mife
fesi
sise
se Cbrd
Cbrdii [i`i
[i`i Bcofo
Bcofo`e
`e gi
gif
f
\b`aifmufif (OBKG) gif Aifc Gufei (]orjg Aifc).
;. Q\\ Kucup
Kucup 9 Niji`
Niji`if
if
  Qbfkifi \bjicsifiif \b`abjidirif (Q\\) `b`uit 99 co`pofbf `bjepute
egbftetis `iti pbjidirif, stifgir co`pbtbfse, co`pbtbfse gisir, `itbre gisir,
nefmmi ijocise wictu. Wbftu gocu`bffyi tbaij. [bteip widea `bfyusuf Q\\
sbkiri jbfmcip. Cefe, Figeb` `bfybgbrnificif Q\\ efe.
 "Ceti icif `bfmuainfyi `bfdige hor`it yifm diun jbaen sbgbrnifi, kucup situ
niji`if sidi uftuc Q\\," citi Figeb`.
  Figeb` abrpbfgipit, bsbfse pb`abjidirif yifm tbrcifgufm giji` Q\\
jbaen
jba en pbftef
pbftefm
m cbte`a
cbte`aifm
ifm gocu`bf
gocu`bf Q\\ etu sbfger
sbfgere.
e. Gbfmif
Gbfmif pbfybgb
pbfybgbrni
rnifii
fiif
f
 pbfyusufif Q\\, gei abrnirip abaif muru abrcurifm.

7. Tofi
Tofise
se Ge
Gepb
pbrj
rjof
ofmmi
mmir 
r 

7
 

  Figeb` `bjofmmircif sestb` zofise pigi \bfbre`iif \bsbrti Gegec Airu

(\\GA)
(\\ GA).. Gei `bfiec
`bfieccif
cif cuoti
cuoti pbfbre
pbfbre`ii
`iiff se
seswi
swi abrprb
abrprbsti
stise
se gui cije
cije jepit
jepit
cbte`aifm cuoti sbabju`fyi, gire yifm tigefyi 92% `bfdige ;<%.
  \brsbftisb
\brsbftisb cuoti uftuc seswi
seswi giji` zofi sbcojin
sbcojin geturufcif
geturufcif gire yifm
tigefy
tig efyii ><% `bfdig
`bfdigee 2<%.
2<%. Figeb`
Figeb` abrifm
abrifmmipi
mipif
f tic sb`ui
sb`ui gibrin
gibrin sugin
sugin
`i`pu `bfbripcif sestb` zofise sbkiri cicu. Dumi, seswi abrprbstise dumi
 pbrju uftuc geico`ogise supiyi aesi abrsbcojin ge tb`pit hivoret.
  "Tofise
"Tofise `isen aesi `bfmico`oger
`bfmico`oger ific-ific
ific-ific abrprbstis
abrprbstise.
e. Ceti `b`abre
`b`abre

jifmcin pbrti`i cb`brgbciif abjidir ge Efgofbsei," citi Figeb`.

  Abmefe cuoti sestb` zofise sbcojin iji Figeb` yietu, 2<% uftuc dijur
zofise ;<% uftuc dijur prbstise 92% uftuc dijur iher`ise 2% uftuc dijur
 pbrpefginif go`eseje orifm tui.

K. E`pjb`
E`pjb`bfti
bftise
se @brgb
@brgbci
ci Abjidi
Abjidir 
r 
Deci
Deci geje
gejenit
nit gi
gire
re Cofs
Cofsbp
bp `brg
`brgbcbcii abjid
abjidir
ir `ici
`ici e`
e`pj
pjb`
b`bft
bftis
isef
efyi
yi gi
giji
ji`
`
 pbfgegecif cnususfyi ge bri gemetij gipit geirtecif ainwi pbfgegecif gipit
gejicucif 4
 Giji` abrimi` wictu gif tb`pit, prosbs abjidir aucif nifyi ge ruifm cbjis,
fi`uf gipit gekepticif prosbs pb`abjidirif yifm tic tbraitis ojbn ruifm gif
wictu.
 Hrbb Knoekb,
Knoekb, gepejen
gepejen pbsbrti
pbsbrti gegec sbsuie pbrifmcit,
pbrifmcit, promri`/tb
promri`/tbcfec
cfec abjidir 
abjidir 
sbsuie pbsbrti gegec, `b`pricteccif kiri abjidir yifm pijefm fyi`if sbnefmmi
cb`i`puiffyi tbrus tbrisin.
 \b
\brs
rsof
ofij
ijez
ezbg
bg Jb
Jbir
irfe
fefm,
fm, `bfy
`bfybs
bsui
uiec
ecif
if pb
pbji
jidi
dirr gi
giji
ji`
` `b`i
`b`ini
ni`e
`e `itb
`itbre
re,,
`b`bkincif diwiaif sbsuie gbfmif cb`i`puiffyi.
 Abraises \roybc,
Abraises \roybc, pbsbrti
pbsbrti gegec geidic
geidic `bfbripcif
`bfbripcif cbtbri`pej
cbtbri`pejif
if yifm sugin
gepbji
gepbjidir
diree giji`
giji` abraim
abraimieie set
setuis
uise.
e. Dige
Dige pbfmiji
pbfmiji`if
`iffyi
fyi icif tbr
tbrisi
isi uftuc 
uftuc 
fiftefyi getbripcif giji` cbnegupif sbnire-nire ge jefmcufmiffyi.
 \bfmiji`if Jipifmif, jefc ifg `itkn ge gufei pbcbrdiif sifmitjin pbftefm.
[iit efe aifyic sbcije `itbre yifm geidircif ge aifmcu sbcojin gif pbrcujeinif
yifm tegic sbsuie gbfmif gufei cbrdi.
 [oij hbfo`bfi cbcbrisif gif aujjyefm ge sbcojin
Wbrciet hbfo`bfi cbcbrisif gif pbrufgufmif (aujjeyefm) ge sbcojin, \MQE
`b`efti sb`ui penic imir ireh gif aedicsifi `bfyecipe pbr`isijinif tbrsbaut.
Cbtb
Cb tbra
rauc
ucii
iiff ir
irus
us efho
efhor`
r`is
isee sb
sbre
refm
fm `bfy
`bfyba
baia
iaci
ciff ge
gese
sefh
fhor
or`i
`ise
se gigif
f
`bfe
`b fe`a
`auj
ujcif
cif rb
rbic
icse
se puaje
puajec
c yifm
yifm ab
abju
ju`
` tb
tbft
ftu
u tb
tbpi
pitt gbfmi
gbfmif
f sesetu
tuis
isee yi
yifm
fm
sbsufmmunfyi. \MQE abrsecip tegic aojbn igi cbcbrisif pigi seipi puf gif
giji` abftuc ipi puf.

2
 

AIA EEE

\BFRWR\

;.9 Qbco`b
Qbco`bfgi
fgise
se
Wbrgipit ababripi rbco`bfgise yifm ci`e gipit yietu tbrciet cbaedicif muru
giji` @brgbci Abjidir gif Muru \bfmmbric gemimis @bfgecaug sbaimie abrecut4

 Cbaedicif fyiti yifm co`prbnbfseh 

 \roh. Rfeyin `bjenit cbaedicif yifm aiec efe sbyomyifyi gerifkifm sbkiri
co`prbnbfse
co`pr bnbfsehh gif gejicucif `bjijue coorgefise
coorgefise eftbfseh
eftbfseh gbfmif pb`breftin
pb`breftin
gibrin provefse gif ciaupitbf/coti. "\iri muru giji` abraimie cufdufmif yifm
ci`e jicucif `bfufmmu abftuc fyiti `brgbci abjidir gif muru pbfmmbric,"
tbmis \roh. Rfehin.
Rfehin. @bfurutfyi,
@bfurutfyi, pbfybgbrnifii
pbfybgbrnifiif f abraimie
abraimie iturif
iturif ig`efestris
ig`efestrisee
yifm `b`abjbfmmu `brupicif abftuc fyiti gire `brgbci abjidir.
  \brjufyi ducfes gifi AO[
\enic \MQE `bfyi`aut mb`aeri cbaedicif pbfybgbrnifiif pbfyijurif gifi
AO[ gif pb`ifhiitiffyi nefmmi 2< pbrsbf uftuc `b`aiftu cbsbdintbriif
mu
muru
ru nofor
noforbr
br.. "Fi`
"Fi`uf
uf gb`ec
gb`ecei
eif
f ci
ci`e
`e `bfm
`bfmus
usuj
ujci
cif
f imir
imir du
ducfe
cfess uftuc 
uftuc 
 pb`ifhiitif gifi AO[ uftuc noforbr gepbraiece. [baia syirit FR\WC aime

noforbr yifm `bfbre`i nofor gifi AO[ sifmit sujet gepbfune `bfmefmit uftuc 
`bfgipitcif
`bfgip itcif FR\WC nirus `bjijue [C Cbpiji Gibrin," citi \roh. Rfehin. Ei
`bfdbj
`bf dbjisc
iscif
if [C Cbpiji
Cbpiji Gibrin
Gibrin tegic
tegic `b`pbr
`b`pbraoj
aojbnci
bncif
f geabre
geabrecif
cif cbpigi
cbpigi
noforbr sbsuie gbfmif \\ 7> tinuf 1<<2. "Ciwif-ciwif noforbr yifm sbji`i
efe `bfbre`i nofor gire AO[ sbabju`fyi tbrifki` tegic gipit jime `bfbre`i
nofor gire AO[ cirbfi cbaedicif tbrsbaut," dbjisfyi.

;.1 Cbse`pujif
@brgbci Abjidir igijin promri` cbaedicif airu Cb`bftbreif \bfgegecif gif
Cbaugiyiif Qbpuajec Efgofbsei (Cb`bfgecaug QE) yifm gekififmcif ojbn @bftbre
\bfgegecif gif Cbaugiyiif QE Ciaefbt Efgofbsei @idu, Figeb` Ifwir @icire`.
Bsbfse
Bsb fse cb`brg
cb`brgbcibciif
if abrpec
abrpecer,er, `bfuru
`bfurutt Figeb`,
Figeb`, nirus
nirus geginuj
geginujueue ojbn
ojbn piri
piri muru
muru
sbabju
sba bju`
` `brbci
`brbci `bfmid
`bfmidirc irciffy
iffyii pigi
pigi se
seswi
swi-se
-seswe
swe.. Figeb`
Figeb` `bfyba
`bfybaut,
ut, giji`
giji`
co`pbtbfse muru ge jbvbj ipi puf, tifpi igi prosbs pbfbrdb`inif gire co`pbtbfse
gisir
gis ir gif curecu
curecuju`
ju` yifm igi, `ici tegic tegic icif
icif pbrfin
pbrfin igi pb`abj
pb`abjidi
idirif
rif yifm
tbrdige.
@brg
@b rgbc
bcii ab
abji
jidi
dirr ababr`
r`ic
icfi
fi cb
cb`b
`brg
rgbci
bciif
if abjid
abjidir
ir,, yi
yicfe
cfe `b`a
`b`abrbrec
ecif
if
cbsb`pitif abjidir sbabais-abaisfyi gif sbfyi`if-fyi`iffyi cbpigi ific gegec 
uftuc abjidir gbfmif tbfifm, siftie gif mb`aeri tifpi strbs gif tbcifif gbfmif
`b`p
`b `pbr
brni
nite
teci
cif
f aiaici
citt ij iji`
i`ee yi
yifm
fm `brb
`brbci
ci pupufy
fyie
ie,, ti
tifp
fpii `b`i
`b`ics
csii `brb
`brbcici
`b`pbjidire itiu `bfmuisie suitu aegifm pbfmbtinuif ge juir noae gif cb`i`puif
`brbci,sbne
`brbc i,sbnefmmi
fmmi `isefm-`is
`isefm-`isefm efm `brbci
`brbci `b`pufyie
`b`pufyie portohoje
portohojeoo yifm sbsuie
sbsuie gbfmif
cbmb`iriffyi
cbmb`i riffyi.. [baia, `b`abre abaif cbpigi pbjidirpbjidir ge juir cb`i`puiffyi
cb`i`puiffyi igijin
igijin
tefgicif yifm tbrkbji sbkiri icij sbnit gif tegic `ufmcef gejicucif ojbn muru yifm
 aedic.

8
 

GIHWIQ \R[WICI

nttps4//bgujomy.eg/tbftifm-`brgbci-abjidir/
nttps4//www.co`piseifi.ko`/sybcn`uni``ig/2gh1<g12g279gh8ki>7=9551/`brgbc 
i-abjidir-itiu-abjidir-`brgbci
nttps4//mtc.cb`gecaug.mo.eg/rbig-fbws/`brgbci-abjidir 
nttps4//www.ufdi.ik.eg/1<1</<;/<1/`brgbci-abjidir-gif-cbseipif-pbrmuruif-tefmme/
nttps4//www.moomjb.ko`/i`p/s/i`p.co`pis.ko`/bgucise/rbig/1<1</<1/17/91<;7979
/=-kititif-pmre-soij-`brgbci-abjidir-gif-muru-pbfmmbric-`bfgecaug-figeb`