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    PHM031 - Modern Mechanics - Lecture 5

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    Mohammed Zaitoun
    The document discusses concepts in modern mechanics including contact interactions, Young's modulus, limits of Young's modulus, interatomic spring stiffness, friction, Newton's second law, and analyzing a spring-mass system using the momentum principle and deriving the period and frequency of oscillation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    PHM031 - Modern Mechanics - Lecture 5

    Uploaded by

    Mohammed Zaitoun
    21 views19 pages
    The document discusses concepts in modern mechanics including contact interactions, Young's modulus, limits of Young's modulus, interatomic spring stiffness, friction, Newton's second law, and analyzing a spring-mass system using the momentum principle and deriving the period and frequency of oscillation.

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    Modern Mechanics Lecture 05

    Original Title

    PHM031 - Modern mechanics - lecture 5

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    The document discusses concepts in modern mechanics including contact interactions, Young's modulus, limits of Young's modulus, interatomic spring stiffness, friction, Newton's second law, and analyzing a spring-mass system using the momentum principle and deriving the period and frequency of oscillation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views19 pages

    PHM031 - Modern Mechanics - Lecture 5

    Uploaded by

    Mohammed Zaitoun
    The document discusses concepts in modern mechanics including contact interactions, Young's modulus, limits of Young's modulus, interatomic spring stiffness, friction, Newton's second law, and analyzing a spring-mass system using the momentum principle and deriving the period and frequency of oscillation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    PHM031 – Modern Mechanics

    Fall 2021

    Contact Interactions

    Dr.Waleed Zein
    Associate Professor
    Faculty of Engineering - EUI
    [email protected]
    Or [email protected]
    Whatsapp : 01129366633
    Y - Young’s modulus
    depends only on material
    Limits of applicability of Young’s modulus

    stress = Y  strain
    FT L
    =Y
    A L

    Aluminum alloy

    Demo
    Interatomic spring stiffness
    ks = Yd
    Brick on a table: compression

    FN

    Mg
    Friction
    Exert a force so that the
    brick moves to the right
    at a constant speed.

    What is the net force on


    the brick?
    Box dropped onto moving
    conveyor belt. What happens?

    How is it that a sprinter can accelerate?


    Sliding Friction
    • When one object slides on another, the
    component of force exerted by one
    object on the other has a component
    parallel (or antiparallel) to the motion:
    – ffriction ~ mkFN
    mk is the coefficient of kinetic friction

    FN is the “normal force” – the perpendicular component


    of the force that is squeezing the two objects into each
    other
    Static Friction
    • What happens when Fapplied < mkFN ?
    • Block does not move due to static
    friction
    • In general:
     mk < ms
    Derivative form of the Momentum Principle

    The Momentum Principle


    Dp
    Dp = Fnet Dt = Fnet Works only if force is
    Dt constant during t

    The rate of the momentum change is equal to force

    dp Dp
    If force changes introduce instantaneous rate of change: º lim
    dt Dt®0 Dt

    The momentum principle


    dp
    = Fnet
    dt
    Newton’s Second Law
    Newton’s original formulation:

    The rate of change of amount of body’s motion is proportional to force


    momentum
    dp
    = Fnet Momentum principle is the second Newton’s law
    dt
    Assume nonrelativistic case: p = mv
    d ( mv ) dv
    = Fnet m = Fnet (Assume m = const)
    dt dt
     a (definition of acceleration)

    Newton’s second law


    Traditional form of 2nd Newton’s law
    Fnet = ma
    Spring-mass system: horizontal dp
    = Fnet
    y dt
    x 1. System: block
    z
    2. Apply momentum principle:

    dp
    = Fspring + FEarth + Ftable
    dt =0
    Equilibrium Fspring = ks s

    Fx = −ks x

    dpx
    , 0, 0 = − k s x, 0, 0
    dt

    dpx
    = −ks x
    dt
    Spring-mass system: Analytical solution

    dpx Motion along x:


    = −ks x px = p
    dt

    nonrelativistic

    dp d mv
    =
    ( )
    dv d  dx 
    =m =m  =m 2
    d 2x
    dt dt dt dt  dt  dt
    d 2 x(t)
    m = -kx(t)
    dt 2

    k
    Differential equation: ()
    x t =- x t
    m
    ()
    Spring-mass system: Analytical solution
    d 2 x (t ) k
    2
    = − x (t )
    dt m
    amplitude

    Search solution in form: x ( t ) = A cos (t )


    Angular frequency

    k
    − A 2 cos (t ) = − A cos (t )
    m
    k
    2 =
    m
    k
    =
    m
    t  k 
    x ( t ) = A cos  t 
     m 
    Spring-mass system: period and frequency

    ks Period T: T = 2
    x = A cos (t ) w=
    m 2 m
    A T= = 2 [s]
     ks
    T 2Tt Frequency: f = 1/ T
    -A
     1 ks [s-1 ][Hz]
    f = =
    2 2 m

    A Angular frequency:

    2
    = [radian/second]
    T

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