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    Weak and Strong Forms

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    Cristina Gómez
    This document summarizes weak and strong forms in English phonology and phonetics. It provides the spelling, weak forms, and strong forms of common function words in English. Many words have reduced weak forms when unstressed in rapid speech but retain their full pronunciation when stressed or in certain positions like at the end of an utterance. The guide illustrates the variable phonetic realizations of these words depending on their context and stress pattern.

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    Weak and Strong Forms

    Uploaded by

    Cristina Gómez
    48 views2 pages
    This document summarizes weak and strong forms in English phonology and phonetics. It provides the spelling, weak forms, and strong forms of common function words in English. Many words have reduced weak forms when unstressed in rapid speech but retain their full pronunciation when stressed or in certain positions like at the end of an utterance. The guide illustrates the variable phonetic realizations of these words depending on their context and stress pattern.

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    This document summarizes weak and strong forms in English phonology and phonetics. It provides the spelling, weak forms, and strong forms of common function words in English. Many words have reduced weak forms when unstressed in rapid speech but retain their full pronunciation when stressed or in certain positions like at the end of an utterance. The guide illustrates the variable phonetic realizations of these words depending on their context and stress pattern.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    48 views2 pages

    Weak and Strong Forms

    Uploaded by

    Cristina Gómez
    This document summarizes weak and strong forms in English phonology and phonetics. It provides the spelling, weak forms, and strong forms of common function words in English. Many words have reduced weak forms when unstressed in rapid speech but retain their full pronunciation when stressed or in certain positions like at the end of an utterance. The guide illustrates the variable phonetic realizations of these words depending on their context and stress pattern.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    ENGLISH PHONETICS & PHONOLOGY

    Weak & Strong Forms


    spelling LR weak forms FP strong
    a /ə/ /eɪ/
    am /əm/; /m/ ▶ /æm/
    an /ən/; /n/ /æn/
    and /ənd/between V; /nd/, /ən/+C; /n/ after C /ænd/
    are ∞ /ə/+C; /ər/, /r/+V ▶ /ɑː/
    as /əz/ /æz/
    at /ət/ ▶ /æt/
    be /bi/ ▶ /biː/
    been /bɪn/ /biːn/
    but /bət/ ▶ /bʌt/
    by /bə/ rapid speech; /baɪ/ elsewhere ▶ /baɪ/
    can /kən/, /kn/, /kŋ/ ▶ /kæn/
    could /kəd/, /kd/ ▶ /kʊd/
    do (aux.) /du/, /d/; /də/ before C ▶ /duː/
    does /dəz/, dz/ ▶ /dʌz/
    (aux.)
    for ∞ /fə/+C; /fər/, /fr/ elsewhere ▶ /fɔː/
    from /frəm/, /frm/ ▶ /frɒm/
    had (aux.) /həd/, /əd/; /d/ after pronouns ▶ /hæd/
    has (aux.) /həz/, /əz/ after sibilants; /s/ after /p, t, k/; ▶ /hæz/
    /z/ elsewhere.
    have /həv/, /əv/, /v/ ▶ /hæv/
    (aux.)
    he /hi/; /i/ after sibilant /hiː/
    her ∞ /hə/,/ə/ /hɜː/
    him /hɪm/ in initial and final; /ɪm/ elsewhere ▶ /hɪm/
    his /hɪz/ in initial and final; /ɪz/ elsewhere ▶ /hɪz/
    I /ə/ in rapid speech; /aɪ/ elsewhere /aɪ/
    is /s/ after voiceless; / ɪz/ after sibilants; /z/ ▶ /ɪz/
    elsewhere
    me /mi/ /miː/
    must /məst/; /məs/+C ▶ /mʌst/
    my /maɪ/; /mə/ in rapid speech; /mi/ in Cockney /maɪ/
    nor ∞ /nə/ rapid speech /nɔː/
    not /nt/ after C in contractions; /nɒt/ elsewhere /nɒt/
    of /əv/, /v/, /ə/ /ɒv/
    or ∞ /ɒ/, /ə/ /ɔː/
    Saint /sənt/, /snt/, /sən/, /sn/ /seɪnt/
    shall /ʃəl/, /ʃl/ ▶ /ʃæl/
    she /ʃi/ /ʃiː/
    should /ʃəd/, /ʃd/ /ʃʊd/
    Sir ∞ /sə/ /sɜː/
    so /sə/ occasional /səʊ/
    some /səm/, /sm/ unspecified quantity; /sʌm/ /sʌm/
    elsewhere
    than /ðən/, /ðn/ /ðæn/
    that /ðæt/ when demostrative; /ðət/ when /ðæt/
    conjunction
    the /ðə/+C; /ði/+V /ðiː/
    their ∞ /ðə/ /ðeə/
    them /ðəm/, /əm/, /m/ /ðem/
    there ∞ /ðə/ /ðeə/
    till /tɪl/ /tɪl/
    to /tə/+C; /tu/+V or /w/ ▶ /tuː/
    until /ənˈtɪl/, /nˈtɪl/ /ʌnˈtɪl/
    us /əs/; /s/ in let’s /ʌs/
    was /wəz/; /wəs/+voiceless C ▶ /wɒz/
    we /wi/ /wiː/
    were ∞ /wə/+C; /wər/+V ▶ /wɜː/
    who /hu/ when relative; /huː/ when interrogative /huː/
    will /wɪl/, /l/ ▶ /wɪl/
    would /wəd/, /əd/, /d/ ▶ /wʊd/
    you /ju/; /jə/ in rapid speech /juː/
    your ∞ /jɔː/; /jə/ in rapid speech /jɔː/

    LR: Linking /r/ before vowels.

    FP: strong form in final position

    V: vowel

    C: consonant

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