EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND QUALIFICATIONS IN THE TOURISM AND

HOSPITALITY INDUSTRTY

Employment Opportunities in Tourism

At present, tourism has acquired the distinction of being one of the world's largest
industries. It consists of many components such as transportation, accommodations, food service,
tourist destinations, tourist attractions, travel brokers, as well as travel related services.

Since tourism is a diverse and complex industry, each sector offers several career and
employment opportunities.

The following is a list and description of the jobs in the large field.

Airlines

Airline employment is exciting and attractive to the adventurous, whether in the air or on
the ground servicing the carriers between flights. Salary levels are relatively high in the airlines.
Short-term economic stresses may cause some problems, but long-term prospects for airline
careers are bright. Some of the jobs in the airline are flight attendants, ticket agents, reservation
agents, clerks, airline food service jobs, flight dispatcher, operation or station ramp agents, sales
managers and district sales managers, airline lounge receptionists, airplane flight attendant
supervisors, ramp flight attendants, crew schedulers, flight crew time clerks, flight reservations
managers, gate agents, gate services supervisors, ground hosts or hostesses, passenger service
representatives, reservations agents, senior reservation agents, ticketing clerks, aircraft log
clerks, airport attendants, flight information expediters, airport managers, station managers, chief
airport guides, and traffic agents.

A. Flight Attendant

The position of flight attendant has evolved from the career that was once called
"stewardess, hostess," or "steward." In the past, employees who filled this position were young,
female, unmarried, attractive, and required to be nurses. After a lawsuit filed by a young man
claiming he was denied a steward position because of his sex, the airlines had to consider both
men and women for the position, thus the evolution of the flight attendant.

The primary responsibility of the flight attendant is to see to it that the passengers are
comfortable. Travelers often form their impressions of the airline—whether positive or negative
— on their experiences with the flight attendant.

The flight attendant performs several personal services conducive to the safety and
comfort of airline passengers during flight, greets passengers, Verifies tickets, records
destinations and assigns seats, explains use of safety belts, oxygen masks, and life jackets, and
serves previously prepared meals and beverages.

He or she observes passengers to detect signs of discomfort and issues palliatives to

relieve them of ailments such as airsickness and insomnia; answers questions regarding the
performance of aircraft, stopovers, and flight schedules; and performs other personal services
such as distributing reading material and pointing out places of interest.
 The work of the flight attendant is demanding and tiring. Some international flights last
more than twelve hours. The ability to remain calm and pleasant, coupled with the physical
stamina necessary to remain on duty for several hours, is primary requirements for flight
attendants.

Flight attendants are no longer required to be unmarried. However, they are required to
live in the city designated by the airline. The flight attendant is required to be average to tall in
height to be able to reach the pillows, blankets, and small luggage that are stored overhead. The
attendant's weight must be proportional to his or her height.

Excellent English language skills are required. If one works on an airline with
international routes, a second language is an asset. General health should be excellent since the
flight attendant must be physically ready to cope with all emergencies. All airlines stress the
importance of good appearance. Various airlines provide individual training programs for flight
attendants.

Advancement from the flight attendant position depends on seniority and merit. Non
flying positions into which flight attendants may be promoted include instructor, customer
service director, and recruiting representative. Flight attendants may also become members of an
airline's advertising and public relations staff.

The primary benefit of a flight attendant's work is the availability of free or reduced
travel rate. Many airlines offer this benefit not only to their own employees, but also to
employees of competitive airlines. Thus, the choices of trips of flight attendants are not limited
to their own employer's routes but include the routes by other carriers that have exchange
agreements with their employer.

B. Ticket Agents, Reservation Agents, Clerks

Reservation agents and clerks who work for major carriers work in large central offices
where they become the link between telephone inquiries and the computer terminal. The agents
answer questions on flight schedules and seat availability and make reservations. Their work
brings them in telephone contact with the general public, travel agents, as well as their own
Company's ticket agents.

Ticket agents work at airport ticket counters and in central city ticket offices. Their duties
include answering questions about fares and Schedules, handing out timetables and literature,
checking with the reservation agent on seat availability, and selling tickets. In addition, they
check baggage, add excess weight charges if necessary, and issue boarding passes. Ticket agents
are in direct contact with the public. Thus, they must be pleasant and present a professional
appearance. They wear uniforms that represent their carrier employer, Possibilities of
advancement to other positions are improved if one has college-level courses in traffic
management and other phases of transportation.

C. Airline Food Service

This is a behind-the-scene position but an essential one in the airline industry. Airlines
have finally recognized the need for quality meals to attract potential passengers. Travelers now
expect a meal on board or at least a snack if the flight is short. Many airlines even plan
international meals characteristic of the destination or of the airline itself. An airline may have its
own food service division or arrange for a private catering service to prepare in-flight meals.

The prerequisite for a position in airline food service is educational training in food
service or practical experience in the hotel or restaurant field.

D. Flight Dispatcher
 The flight dispatcher gives permission for aircraft of specific airlines to takeoff. For
example, PAL's flight dispatcher oversees all PAL carriers at a given airport. The dispatcher
evaluates all factors of the flight including the airplane's status, the crew, weather information,
and other details. Constant communication between the dispatcher and crew keeps the crew
informed of any delays at the airport caused by weather or crowded airspace conditions.

E. Operations Agents, Station Ramp Agents

The responsibilities of operations and station ramp agents are the supervision and loading
of baggage and cargo. Cargo weight must be evenly distributed by these agents with the
corresponding list of members and passengers recorded. They coordinate the transfer of baggage
for connecting flights while taking on new luggage at stopover airports. These agents are also
responsible for announcing arrivals and departures.

F. Sales Manager/District Sales Manager

Sales managers and district sales managers oversee ticket and reservation offices,
supervise sales representatives, and promote traffic on their airlines. They maintain contact with
local travel agents and tour operators to keep them informed on the latest airline promotions.
Their relationship often means a discount to the travel agents or operators for their clients.
However, the sales manager will maintain a profit for the airline on the basis of volume in these
cases.

G. Airlines Lounge Receptionist

The airline receptionist admits members and guests to the airline lounge; serves
beverages and snacks; opens the door to the lounge in response to the sound of a buzzer; verifies
membership cards; admits and seats members and guests; answers questions regarding scheduled
flights and terminal facilities; and verifies passenger reservations.

In addition, the airline lounge receptionist accompanies passengers to departure gates,

restrooms, and other terminal facilities; relays requests for paging and telephone services; opens
cans, bottles, and packages; brews coffee and arranges pastry nuts and appetizers on serving
trays; removes used ash trays, glasses, and dishes from tables; and picks up trash.

H. Flight Attendant Supervisor

The flight attendant supervisor supervises and coordinates activities of flight attendants,
assigns duties and areas of work to flight attendants; observes activities of employees to evaluate
work performance and maintains personnel records; explains and demonstrates methods and
procedures for performing tasks; and prepares evaluation reports on the performance of
employees.

l. Ramp Flight Attendant

The ramp flight attendant checks flight attendant's conformity to personal appearance
standards and performance of preflight duties during the boarding stage of scheduled airline
flights and compiles reports of findings; and inspects appearance and grooming of personnel for
conformity to company standards.

He or she consolidates trip reports and daily checklists of information regarding work
performed emergency equipment, safety procedures, and appearance standards for use by
supervisor; prepares flight register and schedules to indicate assignments; and notifies personnel
of changes in schedules.

J. Crew Scheduler
 The crew scheduler compiles duty rosters of flight crews and maintains records of crew
members' flying time; schedules airline flights; prepares flight register which crew members sign
to indicate their preference and availability or flights and time they wish to be called before each
flight; types names of crew members in the flight schedule in the order of seniority to indicate
flights to which crew member are assigned, posts names Of extra crew members in the order of
seniority on reserve list, and selects replacement when needed.

The crew scheduler computes and logs cumulative flying time for crew members and
removes crew members' names from flight schedules when their flying time limit has been
reached and may notify crew members Of assignments, using the telephone.

K. Flight-Crew-Time Clerk

The flight-crew-time clerk compiles flight time records of flight officers for the payroll
and crew scheduling departments to ensure accuracy of payroll and legality of flights and posts
data such as time in flight, type of aircraft, mileage flown, weight of aircraft, and flight time
records using posting machines.

The flight-crew-time clerk also reviews union agreements to ascertain payroll factors
such as meal. Expense allowance, billeting allotment, and rates of pay; computes pay; compares
figures with flight officer's log to detect and reconcile discrepancies; notifies crew schedulers of
total accumulated flight time of each officer; and submits pay records to payroll section.

L. Flight Reservations Manager

The flight reservations manager directs and coordinates, through subordinate supervisory
personnel, flight reservation activities for certified commercial or transport companies; reviews
flight reservation reports; and conducts comparative studies with other airline reservations to
develop methods and procedures designed to improve operating efficiency and increase
reservations for company flights.

The flight reservations manager interprets and implements, through supervisory

personnel, company policies and procedures regarding customer relations and contact with the
public, analyzes economic statistics as applied to air transportation and other factors such as
weather conditions, special flight rates, and package deals to estimate future volume offlight
reservations; directs investigation of customer complaints regarding reservation service; and
prepares correspondence designed to improve customer relations.

M. Gate Agent

The gate agent assists passengers and checks flight tickets at entrance gates or stations
when boarding or disembarking airplanes of commercial airlines and examines passenger tickets
to ensure that passengers have the correct flights or seats or directs passengers to correct
boarding areas, using passenger manifests, seating charts, and flight schedules.

The gate agent verifies names on passenger manifests or separate portions of passenger's
ticket and stamps or marks ticket or issues boarding passes to authorize passengers to board the
airplane and assists elderly, disabled, or young passengers to board or depart from airplanes such
as moving passengers in wheelchairs.

N. Gate Services Supervisor

The gate services supervisor supervises and coordinates activities of workers engaged in
admitting departing passengers to the aircraft and assisting passengers to disembark at terminal
exits Of commercial airlines; reviews flight schedules, and passenger manifests; observes
workers to ensure that services to passengers are performed courteously and correctly.

O. Ground Host/Hostess

The ground host or hostess renders personal services to passengers in airline terminals to
facilitate movement of passengers through terminals and create goodwill, greets, and welcomes
passengers to the terminals; answers questions and advises passengers concerning flight
schedules and accommodations such as arrival or departure time, location of concourses, and
gates selection of seats on aircraft; assembles and forwards luggage to departing flights; guides
and escorts foreign-speaking passengers to designated gates for boarding of aircraft.

P. Passenger Service Representative

The passenger service representative renders a variety of personal services to airline

passengers requiring other than normal services, such as taking care of company officials,
distinguished persons, foreign-speaking passengers, invalids, and unaccompanied children;
greets and escorts distinguished persons to lounges or waiting areas, transports special
passengers between lobby and boarding areas, using electric carts; gives aid to sick or injured
passengers and obtains medical assistance, assists elderly persons and unaccompanied children
in claiming personal belongings and baggage; prepares baby food for mothers with infants.

Q. Reservations Agent

The reservations agent makes and confirms reservations and routing for passengers on
scheduled airline flights; arranges reservations and routing for passengers at the request of ticket
agents or customers, using timetables, airline manuals, reference guides, and tariff books; types
requested flight number on keyboard of online computer reservation systems and scans screens
to determine space availability; telephones customers or ticket agents to advise changes in flight
plans or to cancel or confirm reservations.

R. Senior Reservations Agent

The senior reservations agent supervises and coordinates activities of workers engaged in
reserving seat space for passengers on scheduled airline flights; assigns workers to tasks in
accordance with abilities and personnel requirements; observes work procedures, monitors
telephone calls, and reviews completed work to ensure adherence to quality and efficiency
standards and to rules and regulations; writes revisions to procedure guides and memoranda
describing changes in reservations methods flight schedules„ and rates; records teletypewriter
messages and telephones passenger service personnel to obtain information regarding flight
cancellations and schedule changes and to determine disposition Of passengers holding
reservations on cancelled or rescheduled flights.

S. Ticketing Clerk

The ticketing clerk compiles and records information to assemble airline tickets for
transmittal or mailing to passengers; reads coded data on booking card to ascertain destination,
carrier, flight number, type of accommodation, and en route stopovers; selects ticket blank,
invoice, and customer account card; compiles, computes, and records identification and fare data
using tariff manuals, rate tables, flight schedules, and pen or ticket imprinter; separates and files
copies of completed tickets; clips completed tickets and invoices to booking cards and routes to
other workers for teletype transmittal or mails tickets to customers.

T. Aircraft Log Clerk

 The aircraft log clerk keeps records of usage and time intervals between inspection and
maintenance of designated airplane parts; compiles data from flight schedules; computes and
posts amount of time airplanes and individual parts are in use daily using calculating machines,
maintains card files for individual parts with notations of time used and facts taken from
inspection records; notifies inspection department when parts and airplanes approach date for
inspection including accumulated time and routing schedules; prepares reports on schedule
delays caused by mechanical difficulties to be filed with the Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) in the USA and with the Civil Aeronautics Board in the Philippines.

U. Airport Attendant

The airport attendant periodically inspects buildings and hangars to detect fire hazards
and violations of airport regulations; examines firefighting equipment to detect malfunction and
fills depleted fire extinguishers; performs minor repairs on fire trucks and tractors; patrols
airfield to ensure security of aircraft and facilities; records airport data such as the number of
planes stored in hangars, plane landings and departures, and number of passengers carried on
planes.

V. Flight Information Expediter

The flight information expediter determines flight times of airplanes and transmits
information to flight operations and Air Traffic Command Centers; evaluates data, such as
weather conditions, flight plans, ramp delays, and en route stopovers to determine arrival and
departure times for each flight using aids such as weather charts, slide rule, and computer;
transmits identity and type of airplane, flight locations, time of arrival and departure, and names
of crew members to Air Traffic Command to obtain clearance for flight over restricted areas;
notifies relevant departments of airlines of pending arrival of inbound flights to ensure that
personnel are available to load or unload fuel, baggage, and cargo.

W. Airport Manager

The airport manager plans, directs, and coordinates, through subordinate- personnel,
activities concerned with construction and maintenance of airport facilities and operation of
airport in accordance with governmental agency or commission policies and regulations; consults
with commission members, government officials or representatives of airlines to discuss and
plan such matters as design and development of airport facilities, formulation of operating rules,
regulations, and procedures of aircraft landing, taxiing and takeoff patterns for various types of
aircraft; negotiates with representatives of airlines, utility companies, or individuals for
acquisition of property for development of airport, lease of airport buildings and facilities, or use
of rights-of- way over private property; inspects airport facilities such as runways, buildings,
beacons and lighting, automotive or construction equipment; formulates procedures to be used in
case of aircraft accidents, fire, and other emergencies.

The airport manager coordinates activities of personnel involved in the repair and
maintenance of airport facilities, buildings, and equipment to minimize interruption of airport
operations; directs personnel in investigating violations of aerial or ground traffic regulations;
reviews investigation reports; and initiates actions to be taken against violators.

X. Station Manager

The station manager directs and coordinates airline station activities at transport stations
located at airports to provide services for scheduled flight operations; reviews station activity
reports to ascertain data required for planning station operations; directs preparation of work
schedules to obtain maximum utilization of manpower and facilities; coordinates activities Of
passenger reservations and ticketing, passenger services, ramp and cargo services, and
dispatching of aircraft to ensure operations to meet company and government policies and
regulations; directs preparation of passenger lists, cargo manifests, and plans for storage of cargo
and baggage aboard aircraft.

Y. Chief Airport Guide

The chief airport guide supervises and coordinates activities of workers engaged in
conducting guided tours at airport; arranges tour according to interests of groups such as school
children, foreign visitors and civic or private organizations; schedules tours to avoid interruption
of airport operations and minimize congestion; and assigns workers to guide tours.

Z. Traffic Agent

The traffic agent solicits freight business from industrial and commercial firms and
passenger travel business from travel agencies; schools, clubs, and other organizations; explains
available routes, land limits, and special equipment available; quotes fares, schedules, and
available itineraries offered to groups by company; acts as liaison between shipper and carrier to
obtain information for settling compliments; and distributes descriptive pamphlets.

Travel Agencies

The travel agency is a legally appointed agent, representing the principal in a certain
geographic area. The agency acts as a broker, and brings the buyer and seller together for the
other suppliers such as hotels, car rentals, ground operators, and tour companies.

There are several jobs that exist in the travel agency such as travel agent, tour operator,
travel information center supervisor, travel clerk, travel counselor, tourist information assistant,
reservation clerk, and tour guide.

A. Travel Agent

The travel agent plans itineraries and arranges accommodations and other travel services
for customers of travel agency; converses with customers to determine destination, mode of
transportation, travel dates, financial considerations, and accommodations required; plans or
describes and sells itinerary package tour; gives customer brochures and publication concerning
travel and containing information regarding local customs, points of interest, and special events
occurring in various locations or foreign country, regulations such as consular requirements,
rates of monetary exchange, and currency limitations; computes cost of travel and
accommodations or quotes costs of package tours; and books customer on transportation carrier
and makes hotel reservations.

B. Travel Information Center Supervisor

The travel information center supervisor supervises and coordinates activities of workers
engaged in greeting and welcoming motorists at state highway information centers; provides
information such as directions, road conditions, and vehicular travel regulations; and provides
maps, brochures, and pamphlets to assist motorists in locating points of interest or in reaching
destinations.

C. Tour Operator
 The tour operator is the wholesale agent of the travel industry. The primary function of
the wholesaler is the design of tours and travel packages o n a large scale, marketing these
packages to the retail travel agent and the major airline carriers. Tour operators range from the
very large to small in dependent operators specializing in specific geographic regions. The travel
benefits available to the tour operator are similar to those of the travel agent, free or reduced air
travel, and trips as potential promotable destinations are frequently available.

D. Tourist Information Assistant

The tourist information assistant provides information and other services to tourists at an
information center; assists tourists in planning itineraries and advises them of traffic regulations;
and gives information on resorts, historical sights, scenic areas and other tourist attractions

E. Tour Guide

The tour guide escorts visitors around the city or town; describes points of interest along
the route of tour using public address system or megaphone; may collect fees or tickets and plan
refreshment and rest stops and may be required to speak a foreign language when
communicating with foreign visitors.

Hotels and Motels

The following are the descriptions of hotel/motel-related jobs based on material in the
Dictionary of Occupational Titles published by the US Department of Labor.

A. Manager of a Hotel or Motel

He or she manages a hotel or motel to ensure efficient and profitable operations;

establishes standards for personnel administration and performance, service to patrons, room
rates, advertising publicity, credit, food selection and service and type of patronage to be
solicited; plans dining room, bar, and banquet operations; allocates funds, authorizes
expenditures and assists in planning budgets for departments; hires personnel; and delegates
authority and assigns responsibilities to department heads.

B. Lodging Facilities Manager

He or she manages and maintains temporary or permanent lodging facilities such as small
apartment houses, small hotels, trailer parks, and boat marinas; purchases supplies and arranges
for outside services such as fuel delivery, laundry, maintenance and repair, and trash collection;
cleans public areas such as entrances, halls, and laundry rooms; and makes minor electrical,
plumbing, and structural repairs.

C. Hotel Clerk

He or she performs a combination of duties for guests of hotels, motels, motor lodges, or
condominium hotels; registers and assigns rooms to guests; issues room keys; transmits and
receives messages; answers inquiries pertaining to hotel services, registration of guests, shopping
dining' entertainment, and travel directions; keeps records of room availability an d guests'
accounts, and computes bills and collects payments.

D. Sales Representative

He or she contacts representatives of government, business, and social groups to solicit

business for hotels, motels, or resorts; selects prospective customers by receiving information
concerning functions such as sales meetings, conventions, training classes, or routine travel by
organization members; calls prospects, outlines types of service offered, and quotes prices; and
verifies reservations by letter or draws up contracts.

Cruise Lines

A. Cruise Line Director

He or she is responsible for all daily activities, planning, entertainment, and port of call
information for passengers. This requires a strong background in the entertainment field, an
exceptional ability to work well with people, and the ability to handle administrative details.

B .Documentation Supervisor

He or she supervises and coordinates activities of workers engaged in preparing shipping

documents and related reports, and in classifying and rating cargo according to established tariff
rates; reviews ship's schedules and booking records to plan and schedule work activities; and
assigns rating activities to workers and reviews rating.

C. Chief Steward/Stewardess

The chief steward or stewardess supervises and coordinates activities of personnel in the
steward's department aboard a passenger vessel; supervises workers engaged in housekeeping
and meal serving; arranges space for shipboard recreation activities; inspects passenger areas for
cleanliness; and observes services rendered by steward personnel for conformity to company
standards.

D. Social Director

He or she plans and organizes recreational activities and creates a friendly atmosphere for
guests in hotels or resorts or for passengers on board ships, greets new arrivals, introduces them
to other guests, acquaints them with recreation facilities, and encourages them to participate in
group activities.

E. Booking Supervisor

He or she supervises and coordinates activities of workers engaged in booking shipments

of cargo on ships and keeping booking control records to ensure maximum utilization of cargo
spaces; reviews records of bookings, studies plans of cargo spaces to determine type of tonnage
that can be booked on each ship to obtain maximum revenue, and utilize available cargo space;
and assigns booking duties to workers.

Motor Coaches

The following are descriptions of motor coach-related jobs, based on material in the
Dictionary of Occupational Titles published by the US Department of Labor.

A. Bus Dispatcher

He or she dispatches long-distance buses according to schedule, and oversees bus drivers
and bus attendants while they are at the terminal; issues orders for station departure of buses at
specified hours or according to schedule; arranges for extra buses and drivers in gase of accidents
or heavy traffic; and announces incoming and outgoing buses over public address systems in the
bus terminal.

B. Bus Attendant
 He or she renders a variety of personal services to bus passengers to make their trip
pleasant; welcomes passengers boarding the bus; adjusts seating arrangements to accommodate
passengers when requested; answers questions about bus schedules, travel routes, and bus
services; points out places of interest; and distributes newspapers, magazines, pillows, and
blankets.

C. Dispatcher Clerk

He or she schedules work for bus crew or individual workers and keeps time records;
enters names of workers on assignment sheet for each trip on the basis of seniority; notifies
workers of assignment, establishes availability, and assigns replacement crew when needed.

Car Rental Companies

A. Sales Rental Agent

The sales rental agent greets customers and helps them find suitable cars for their needs.
Since their position requires public contact, the sales rental agents must possess pleasant and
outgoing personalities and have an overall good appearance. Agents are trained in computerized
reservations and billing procedures, as well as communication skills such as proper telephone
manners

B. Reservation Agent

Reservation agents work directly over the phone with requests from airline reservation
clerks, travel agents, and the general public. They check the availability of cars in the city
requested and take all pertinent information including a credit card number to secure the
reservation.

C. Car Rental Sales Representative

The car rental sales representative promotes car rental services to the business. traveler
segment. Others deal with travel agents and airlines with the goal of increasing sales through the
establishment of corporate package deals on a large volume basis.

D. Automobile Rental Clerk

He or she rents automobiles to customers at airports, hotels, marinas, and other locations;
talks to customers to determine type of automobile desired and accessories such as power-
steering or air-conditioning, location where car is to be picked up and returned, and number of
days repaired; examines customer's driver's license and determines amount of deposit required;
quotes cost of rental based on per-day and per-mile rates; completes rental contract and obtains
customer's signature and deposit; and computes rental charges based on rental time, miles
traveled, type of ca r rented, taxes, and other incidental charges incurred.

Gaming Entertainment Industry

Career opportunities in the gaming entertainment industry are unlimited. They are
divided into five career tracks, namely: hotel operations, food and beverage operations, casino
operations, retail operations, and entertainment operations.

A. Hotel Operations

The career opportunities in gaming entertainment hotel operations are very similar to the
career opportunities in the full-service hotel industry. The only exception is that food and
beverage can be a separate division and not part of the hotel operations. The rooms and guest
services departments offer the most opportunities for students of hospitality management.
B. Food and Beverage Operations

There are many career opportunities in restaurant management and the culinary arts.
Gaming entertainment industry has many food and beverage outlets including restaurants, hotel
room service, banquets and conventions, and retail outlets. There are many executive-level
management positions in both front and back-of-the-house food and beverage operations in
gaming entertainment operations.

C. Casino Operations

Casino operations are divided into five functional areas: gaming OPeration staff, casino
service staff, marketing staff; human resources staff and finance and administration staff.
Gaming operation staff includes slot machine technicians, table-game dealers, and table-game
supervisors.

Casino service staff includes security, purchasing, maintenance, and facility engineers.
Marketing staff includes public relations, market research, and advertising professionals. Human
resources staff includes employee relations, compensation, staffing, and training specialists.
Finance and administration staff includes lawyers, accounts payable, audit, payroll, and income
control specialists. There are career opportunities in the five functional areas.

D. Retail Operations

The increased emphasis on non-gaming sources of revenue in gaming entertainment

business demands an expertise in all aspects of retail operations, from store design and layout, to
product selection, merchandising, and sales control. Career opportunities exist in retail
operations.

E. Entertainment Operations

Because of the emphasis on entertainment, there exists career opportunities for those
interested in stage and theater production, lighting and box office management, and talent
management and booking.
 SUMMARY

The fields of travel, tourism, and hospitality are constantly growing and changing. An
individual who has the necessary motivation, education, and experience will have the
opportunity to enjoy a highly satisfactory career or several careers if he or she is willing to
continue to learn and to explore new challenges. He or she may have a challenging and exciting
future in one of the positions described previously or in a position which is not yet designed.

Individuals who want mobility have a variety of careers to choose from. Not only is there
great mobility within a given field such as a travel agency, but also among several career fields.
A well-trained professional can provide the same kinds of competencies for airlines, cruise lines,
bus companies, gaming and entertainment, state or local tourist agencies, as well as a variety of
hospitality-related fields.
 KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

Airline food service entertainment operations sales manager

Airline lounge receptionist flight attendant social director
Airport manager flight attendant supervisor station ramp agents
Bus attendant flight dispatcher ticket agents
Car rental clerk flight reservations tour guide
Casino operator ground host/hostess tour operator
Cruise line director ramp flight attendant travel agent
Employment opportunities reservation agent