General Anatomy-Nervous System Lec 1-Dr - Gosai

General Anatomy
Nervous system Lecture 1

Dr.B.B.Gosai
Director, Academics
PIMSR, Parul University
Learning Objectives
AN7.1 : Describe general plan of nervous system with components
of central, peripheral and autonomic nervous system.
AN7.2 : List components of nervous tissue and their functions.
AN7.3 : Describe parts of neurons and classify them based on

number of neuritis, size and function.
References:
Gray’s anatomy for students
General anatomy by B D Chaurasia/ General anatomy by Inderbir singh
01/21/2021 Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research 2

Divisions of Nervous system
Structurally Functionally
CNS PNS
Central Somatic Controls
nervous nervous voluntary
12 pairs of
system (CNS) system activities Brain Cranial
nerves
Peripheral Autonomic Controls
nervous nervous involuntary 31 pairs of
system (PNS) system (ANS) activities Spinal cord Spinal nerves
ANS + associated
ganglia
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
nervous
nervous system
system
PNS
CNS
Coverings / spaces within Nervous system
Meninges are covering of brain and spinal cord (and spaces

enclosed between them)
• Dura mater-outer layer (‘Hard mother’)
: Epidural / extradural space (B/w dura mater & bone)
: Subdural space (B/w Dura & arachnoid mater)
• Arachnoid mater-middle layer (‘Spider-like mother’)
– Subarachnoid space: contains CSF
• Pia mater-inner layer (‘Soft mother’)

Central nervous system
Subdivisions of >>>
>>>Spinal cord >>>Vertebral column

• Cervical segments (8) • Cervical vertebrae (7)
• Thoracic segments (12) • Thoracic vertebrae (12)
• Lumbar segments (5) • Lumbar vertebrae(5)
• Sacral segments (5) • Sacral vertebrae (5) : fuse to
form 1 sacrum
• Coccygeal segments (1) • Coccygeal vertebrae (4) :
fuse to form 1 piece of coccyx
 Thus, there is numerical disparity between spinal and
vertebral segments.

Quiz
> Mr.John was getting late for the
meeting, hence was speeding up
his car and met with accident as
seen in picture. His MRI was done
and showed injuries at RED and
YELLOW arrows. Which of the
following division of nervous
system is involved in injury?
a. Spinal cord
b. Cranial nerves
c. Forebrain
d. Spinal nerves
 Forebrain
 Revise the parts of nervous system
NERVOUS TISSUE
• Cell Types
– Neurons ( Nerve cells)
– Glial cells (Glia- glue) for support, nutrition
etc.
• Properties
– Excitable by stimulation – action potential-
nerve impulse
• Development
– From ectoderm
NEURONS
• Independent Functional and Structural unit
• Responsible for:
– Reception
– Transmission
– Processing of stimuli
– Release of neurotransmitters

NEURONS
Parts
Cell body – PERIKARYON
Receive stimuli
AXON
Conduct nerve impulse away from cell body
Long
Terminal buttons
Make synapses
Dendrites
Conduct nerve impulse towards the cell body
Usually short
Branching
Classification of Neurons (According to shape)
PseudoUnipolar Neurons: Round neurons one
process emerge from cell but divide at “T”
junction into one central process going to CNS
and other peripheral process coming from
receptors.
Examples: Dorsal (Posterior) root ganglion
(Spinal Ganglion), Trigeminal ganglion
Bipolar Neurons: Having two processes one for

axon and one for dendrite.
Examples: Neurons in Retina, Olfacotry
mucosa, Cochlear and vestibular ganglion
Multipolar neurons: Multiple poles one for

axon and others for dendrite.
Examples: Universally present in nervous
system like in brain and spinal cord

Classification of Neurons (According to size)
Golgi Type I Neurons:

Long axon
Examples: Motor cells of
spinal cord, Pyramidal cells,
Purkinje cells
Golgi Type II Neurons:

Short axons, star shaped
Examples: Stellate cells
Cerebral and Granular cells
in cerebellar cortex and are
often inhibitory
 MOTOR = EFFERENT
 SENSORY = AFFERENT
Classification of Neurons (According to function)

Sensory (Afferent Neurons) Motor (Efferent Neurons)
Carry sensation Control motor

from the body (Musclular)
Impulses and
towards the secretomotor
cell body hence (Secretion of
afferent. glands)
activities of
body
Impulses away
from cell body
hence efferent.

Neuroglia: Supporting cells in nervous system
• Astrocytes –
protoplasmic & fibrous
(Support, Insulation and
Nutrition)
• Oligodendrocytes
(Formation of myelin in
CNS
• Ependymal cells
(Lining of cavities in brain)
• Microglia
(scavengers removing cell
debris in CNS)
Neuroglia: Supporting cells in nervous system
• Satellite (capsular)
cells
(Form capsule around
the cell body)
• Schwann cells
(neurolemmocytes)
(Formation of Myelin in
PNS)

Quiz
> Ms.Lily was getting difficulty in vision. On examination

by ophthalmologist, she was found to be suffering from
the tumor in the retina. Which of the following types of
neuron might be affected in the tumor?
a. Unipolar
b. Bipolar
c. Multipolar
d. Peudounipolar
 Bipolar
 Revise the Types of neurons and neuroglia
To be continued in Nervous system Lec 2 !
Thank You!
Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and

01/21/2021 18
Research

General Anatomy-Nervous System Lec 1-Dr - Gosai

Uploaded by

Copyright:

General Anatomy-Nervous System Lec 1-Dr - Gosai

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

General Anatomy-Nervous System Lec 1-Dr - Gosai

Uploaded by

Copyright:

General Anatomy

Nervous system Lecture 1

AN7.2 : List components of nervous tissue and their functions.

AN7.3 : Describe parts of neurons and classify them based on

01/21/2021 Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research 2

Meninges are covering of brain and spinal cord (and spaces

01/21/2021 Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research 5

>>>Spinal cord >>>Vertebral column

01/21/2021 Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research 7

01/21/2021 Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research 10

Bipolar Neurons: Having two processes one for

Multipolar neurons: Multiple poles one for

01/21/2021 Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research 12

Golgi Type I Neurons:

Golgi Type II Neurons:

Classification of Neurons (According to function)

Carry sensation Control motor

01/21/2021 Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research 14

01/21/2021 Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research 16

> Ms.Lily was getting difficulty in vision. On examination

Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and

You might also like