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Sleep Deprivation Among The Grade 12 Senior High School

Students of Mangaldan Integrated school

A Research Paper Submitted to the Faculty of

Senior High School
Mangaldan Integrated School SPED Center
Bantayan, Mangaldan, Pangasinan

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Subject
Practical Research 2

Submitted by:
Garry Oribello
Trisha Perado
Joshua Catalan
Mark Christian Viado
Jeann Magno
Eric Labarentos
Jennifer Velasco

February 2022
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Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY AND RATIONALE

Sleep is a complex process that we all experience every

day. Without proper sleep we cannot function properly and the risk
of several different health problems increases. The lack of sleep
effects on our social and work life. Learning becomes challenging
and we become forgetful. Thousands of students around the globe
are at risk of sleep deprivation which contributes to lower
academic outcomes (Henna, 2018).

Sleep deprivation can be defined as engaging in less than 8

hours of sleep a night (Wesensten 2012). Inadequate sleep often
results in impaired cognition, which negatively affects health and
well-being (Wesensten). According to Rupp, Killgore, and Balkin
(2010), satisfactory sleep is essential to fulfilling social and job-
related duties. Sleep deprivation may result in reduced
performance and an increased level of anxiety (Gilbert and Weaver
2010). Additionally, Wesensten described sleep deprivation as
being actively involved in completing activities outside of the
traditional daily schedule from sunrise to sunset. Researchers such
as Pace-Schott et al. have examined the effects of one night of total
sleep deprivation and found that individuals who experience one
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night of sleep deprivation demonstrated poorer performance on

neuropsychological tests of executive function compared to people
who experienced 8 or more hours of sleep. The findings of the
current phenomenological study contribute to the body of literature
on the effects of sleep deprivation and provide students with
strategies to enhance sleep.

Good quality sleep and adequate amount of sleep are

important in order to have better cognitive performance and avoid
health problems and psychiatric disorders.  Inadequate sleep
affects the physiological as well as psychological well-being of an
individual which can lead to poor academic performance.

To understand the consequences of sleep deprivation,

knowledge of normal sleep and its impact on learning, memory,
and performance are necessary. Equally important are potential
interventions, as these may offer an opportunity to improve health
and educational outcomes for this demographic.

In this study, we will find out how or what they are doing
to keep them getting adequate sleep and how they can avoid it now
that the pandemic has raised the number of pupils who have had
sleep problems due to waking up in the modular and other
activities. How many students are having sleep problems and how
it affects their daily lives.
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It aims to determine the sleep deprivation of the Grade 12

Senior Highschool Students in Mangaldan Integrated School and
how it can affect their lifestyle in their daily lives.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Demographic profile of
a.) Data collection using Sleep Deprivation among
Students Profile in terms of:
survey questionnaire Grade 12 Senior Highschool
a.) Age Students and it’s relationship
b.) Sex b.) Organization of data to sleeping habits before
c.) Number of hours bedtime.
c.) Data analysis and
of sleep
interpretation of data
Students Habits before
Sleeping such as:

a.) Social media

usage
b.) Mobile gaming
c.) Watching TV
shows

Figure 1. Research Paradigm

Figure 1.presents the conceptual framework of the study

wherein the researchers will conduct their study. Sleep deprivation
begin with a set of observation or data to interpret, or a complex
real-world problem of sleep deprivation of Senior highschool
students, they generate a need for facts and procedures on what are
the common ways and reduce sleep deprived students.
It shows the conceptual framework of this study where the
aforementioned input consist of demographic profile of a students
which consists of age, gender and number of hours of sleep and
also their sleeping habits before bedtime. In the process, it includes
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collection of data using survey questionnaires, organizations of

data, and also interpretation of data.
The output, will be the deciding factor of sleeping habits of
Grade 12 Senior highschool students and it’s relationship to
sleeping habits before bedtime.
The researchers aim to determine the realtionship between
sleep deprivation and the sleeping habits of Grade 12 Senior
highschool students. The researchers aim to provide a common
ways and to reduce sleep deprived students during this pandemic.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This research study entitled, “Sleep Deprivation of Senior

Highschool students in Mangaldan Integrated School Sped
Center”, aims to determine the causes of sleep deprivation of
Senior Highschool students. Specifically, it sought to answer the
following question:

1. What is the profile of the students in terms of:

a.) Age
b.) Sex
c.) Number of hours of sleep
2. Which of the following habits are practiced by the students
before sleeping:
a.) Social media usage
b.) Mobile gaming
c.) Watching TV shows
3. What are the effects of sleep deprivation to students?
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4. What are the possible ways to handle sleep deprivation?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is aimed at assisting, the administrator,

curriculum makers, teachers, and researchers to understand the
common ways to handle and reduce sleep deprivation favored by
the learners. In addition, the researcher hopes to gather enough
information to help administrators, curriculum makers and teachers
to recognize the importance of coping sleep deprivation
preferences. If indeed significant is exposed, further credibility will
be afforded for the theory that sleep deprivation play a crucial role
in student’s academic performance.

Aside from that, this study will serve as the guide to the
administrator and curriculum makers in their academic planning
and tool in the development of the school curriculum that will
correspond to the needs of the students. To the teachers, the
outcome of this research will give them comprehensive
understanding of how coping sleep deprivation are essential for the
Grade 12 students. In this way, they can think of new ideas or
strategies on sustaining the educational needs of the students. They
can also help the learners to build optimal sleep habits.

To the students, this study will help them to determine the

importance of sleep and they will be able to identify their
emotional issues and behavioral problems. In addition, they can
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think of a solution on how to adapt to the teaching methods and

strategies of their teachers. And for the researchers, this research
can serve as a reference in conducting their own study.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This research study was conducted to know the information
regarding the common ways to handle and reduce sleep
deprivation among the Grade 12 Senior High School students of
Mangaldan Integrated School. The study considered the student’s
personal information such as their names (optional), gender and
age.

The researchers limited the study to 15 respondents

who will participate in this study. Snowball sampling will be used
to choose these random people. The respondents are the Grade 12
students in Mangaldan Integrated School Sped Center who were
enrolled in this school year 2021-2022. The students who were
selected came from all the sections to get the objective goal.
Survey questionnaire will be used for collection of data from the
respondents. Descriptive and correlational analysis will be used in
this study.
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DEFINITION OF TERMS

Sleep deprivation. not getting enough sleep.

Sleeping Habits. This refers to the rituals or activities that

pupils engage in before going to bed.

Sleep: The process of retiring to bed and being in a relaxed

state of mind, which eventually reinvigorates brain and body
functions after arousal.

Circadian rhythm: The biological activity that directs the

sleep-wake cycle based on the resetting action of day and night.
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CHAPTER II

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

FOREIGN STUDIES

Sleep deprivation is a common problem that can greatly

impact a student's physical and mental health and school
performance and may cause executive function impairments
(leading to risk taking behaviors). A 2006 survey by the National
Sleep Foundation reported that more than 87 percent of U.S. high
school students get far less than the recommended eight to 10
hours. Moreover, the trend indicates the amount of time they sleep
is decreasing. In 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics
declared the problem of tired teens a public health epidemic.

Sleep deprivation increases the likelihood teens will suffer myriad

negative consequences, including an inability to concentrate, poor
grades, drowsy-driving incidents, anxiety, depression, thoughts of
suicide and even suicide attempts (National Sleep Foundation,
2006).

Ojikuto (2010), added that issues such as mood changes,

reduced impetus, impatience, and misunderstandings were all
related to sleep deprivation. The researcher found that the
participants who experienced one or more of the variables found it
challenging to increase their academic performance.
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Quality sleep is an important component to the overall

functioning of human beings. When individuals experience
irregular sleep, their circadian rhythm is more likely to be
confused, and this disorganization contributes to increased
sleepiness and decreased academic alertness (Onyper, Thacher,
Gilbert, & Gradess, 2012).

The reasons for student sleep deprivation are many,

including a wide range of social, cultural, environmental, and
biological factors (e.g., personal interests and problems;
involvement with “extracurricular” activities including technology
and social media; academic demands; living conditions that
interfere with sleep). For many teens, other facets of their lives
seem more important than sleeping. For example, a large number
of teens use social media before going to bed (Richter, 2015). And
even if they do want to go to sleep earlier and sleep longer, their
biological makeup and school schedules make it difficult for them.
They have trouble falling asleep earlier, and they are woken up
before their brain has had sufficient time to recover from the day
before.

Kushida (2018), stated that in the student-age population,

studies have found that factors such as self-reported shortened
sleep time, erratic sleep/wake schedules, late bed and rise times,
and poor sleep quality have been found to be negatively associated
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with school performance for adolescents from middle school

through college. Thus, there is sample evidence to indicate that the
lack of adequate nighttime sleep can lead to disturbances in brain
function, which in turn, can lead to poor academic performance.

Sleeping habits are the practiced number of hours of night

sleep for a long period of time.These includes the time of night
sleep and bedroom rest. Sleeping is not only something that feels
good but also something necessary. When you are a student, your
habits concerning sleep may be different than before. This may be
so for various reasons, but it is common that students tend to study
a great deal before an exam or a deadline for an assignment, and
therefore might need to work late at night. However, you are not so
efficient if you are tired when studying. Both sleep and rest are
required in order for your body to be healthy and for your brain to
be able to digest what it absorbs. Between six to nine hours sleep
per night is recommended to give the body the recovery it needs
(Mid Sweden University, 2019).
According to National Sleep Foundation (2015) and World
Health Organization (WHO) (2004), teenagers aging 14-17 years
old need 8-10 hours of sleep, while young adults aging 18-25 years
old need 7-9 hours of sleep. Sleep has an important function for
learning. To sleep badly–the one who sleeps badly may develop
physical as well as mental symptoms. It is likely that you have
experienced a night's sleep with disturbances, which may be
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unpleasant, but it is not worse than being without food for a short
time. However, if the difficulties reappear during a longer period
of time, it is advisable that you contact a person with medical
knowledge for counselling.
The researchers mentioned above has shown the
relationship between sleeping habits and academic performance of
the studetns. However, there were some variables presented here,
which was under sleeping habits. The studies have varied
hypotheses that make the associated literature and studies gathered
and presented in this chapter demonstrate the various gaps between
the variables, it reveals the diverse behaviors of the students.,
which are the sleeping habits and academic performance.

LOCAL STUDIES

By now, you’re already well-aware that a lack of sleep can

cause serious health issues, but what you probably didn’t know is it
doesn’t only affect your body—it affect your relationships as well
as your chances in love, and in this case, it can make you feel
lonely. In a new study from the University of California featured
on The Sleep Doctor, researchers found that sleep-deprived people
are inclined to keep their distance from others and avoid
interactions, similar to those dealing with social anxiety. At first, it
may sound normal—who doesn’t have those lazy days in the office
when you just can’t be bothered by anyone, right? But, if you’re
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constantly puyat, research showed it may make you socially

―undesirable‖ to your peers, which creates a cycle of isolation and
loneliness. What’s more, it was found that even well-rested
individuals feel lonely after coming across a sleepless person,
suggesting that the effect of poor sleep is also contagious (Owen, J.
C. (2019).

In Education the CDC also identified that ―the prevalence

of healthy sleep duration was highest among respondents with a
college degree or higher‖ at 71.5 percent. So if you find yourself
tossing and turning, maybe consider auditing a few classes or
pursuing an advanced degree. The environment new research from
Harvard found a correlation between rising temperatures due to
climate change and a loss of sleep. And a recent study identified
that air pollution, specifically nitrogen dioxide, impacts our ability
to sleep well. City dwellers in particular are at risk on top of the
other stressors inherent to living in bustling metropolitan centers.
Air pollution has increased by 8 percent across the world since
2011, according to data the World Health Organization released
last year (Zipkin, N. (2017, December 17).

Sleep Deprivation can substantially lower an individual’s

overall quality of life. While the occasional poor night’s sleep is
not a serious problem in itself, persistence of sleep deprivation can
be. There is no substitute for restorative sleep. A certain amount of
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care should be taken to prevent the persistence of sleep deprivation

in all individuals of all ages. We are not here in this world because
we exist, we are here because we need to accomplish the goals that
are set in front of us and these are clear reason why we need that
good quality sleep. Quality Sleep Care can help you achieve those
goals (Tan, R. (2019).

In 2014, According to the Inquirer via research from Sun

Life Financial Asia, Filipinos have the worst health habits among
eight major countries in the Asia Pacific. Aside from
the Philippines, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam,
Singapore, and Thailand were the countries included in the
research study. The statistics revealed that approximately half of
Filipinos sleep less than six hours daily. The importance of sleep
can’t be stressed enough. Sleep deprivation can wreak havoc on
different areas of your health. Health line highlights that consistent
lack of sleep can hijack your immune system, dampen your
disposition, cause mood swings, mess up your metabolism, and
even increase the chances of cardiovascular disease, just to name a
few. More and more Filipinos have fallen victim to these
disadvantages because having a dependable sleeping routine hasn’t
been one of their strongest suits. One reason for this can be
attributed to the weather conditions native to their country
(Juanderfulpinoy, (2017).
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Numerous research have claimed the prevalence of sleep

deprivation among college students, which affects their academic
performance and physical health. Nonetheless, there are other
factors considered to influence cognitive function, thereby
consequently affecting one’s academic performance. These factors
may include distractions, study habits, memory retention level,
attention span, level of concentration, and stress (Yason, 2021)

At work, they are most likely to experience sleep

deprivation, pressure to perform well, work-life balance, and
exposure to injuries and health hazards. In school, their academic
performance and interpersonal relationships are challenged. At
home, the struggle lies in financial constraint and quality family
time. Further, in this study, coping mechanisms that were practiced
by working students were explicitly classified into (1) fight, (2)
flight, and (3) freeze mechanisms. Some of these practices are
time-management, entertainment or hobbies, and not doing
anything at all, respectively. The study also concluded that a sense
of independence, self-motivation, self-esteem, and other soft skills
are developed when a student is working while studying. (Regis,
M. 2021).
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Naturally, if your body already experiences negative effects

over the short-term, you wouldn’t want to wait for the extended
version. Chronic sleep deprivation weakens your immune system,
leaving you vulnerable to serious health problems. Long-term
sleep loss cause your body to change the way it processes glucose,
which may lead to adult-onset diabetes. Your heart rate and blood
pressure increase, which lead to inflammation and puts you at a
higher risk for heart disease. You are also more likely to gain
weight and become obese from reduced levels of leptin, which is a
hormone that makes you feel full. You need to contend with higher
levels of ghrelin, which stimulates hunger—now you know where
the late night fast food cravings come from! And guess what?
You’re also more likely to develop long-term anxiety, depression,
and other mood disorders. As if being cranky from one sleepless
night isn’t bad enough. These health issues sure put worries about
dark circles under your eyes in perspective, don’t they? ( Castro M.
2017).

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of

sleep deprivation of Senior High School students of Mangaldan
Integrated School Sped Center (MISSC) the researchers examined
the specific phenomena that affect students’ academic performance
and sleeping habits. The reviewed literature and studies from local
and foreign shows the same thought and gives us more ideas on the
current study. Also, we have explored their differences during
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being reviewed. The current research may involve different

respondent that will mainly focus on the effect of sleep deprivation
of the students.
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