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    Princeton University COS 333: Advanced Programming Techniques A Subset of PHP

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    druva1022
    Typically embedded in a HTML document. Include include_once require require require_once Building and Running php file.php Page 1 of 6 Primitive Data Types Integer: Floating point number: Interpreted string: Uninterpreted (raw) string: null (case insensitive) cast cast cast cast to to to to null array class null No declaration statements; variables are created when first assigned a value.

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    Princeton University COS 333: Advanced Programming Techniques A Subset of PHP

    Uploaded by

    druva1022
    45 views6 pages
    Typically embedded in a HTML document. Include include_once require require require_once Building and Running php file.php Page 1 of 6 Primitive Data Types Integer: Floating point number: Interpreted string: Uninterpreted (raw) string: null (case insensitive) cast cast cast cast to to to to null array class null No declaration statements; variables are created when first assigned a value.

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    Typically embedded in a HTML document. Include include_once require require require_once Building and Running php file.php Page 1 of 6 Primitive Data Types Integer: Floating point number: Interpreted string: Uninterpreted (raw) string: null (case insensitive) cast cast cast cast to to to to null array class null No declaration statements; variables are created when first assigned a value.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    45 views6 pages

    Princeton University COS 333: Advanced Programming Techniques A Subset of PHP

    Uploaded by

    druva1022
    Typically embedded in a HTML document. Include include_once require require require_once Building and Running php file.php Page 1 of 6 Primitive Data Types Integer: Floating point number: Interpreted string: Uninterpreted (raw) string: null (case insensitive) cast cast cast cast to to to to null array class null No declaration statements; variables are created when first assigned a value.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    Princeton University COS 333: Advanced Programming Techniques A Subset of PHP

    Program Structure
    <?php // Print "hello, world\n" echo "hello, world\n"; ?> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------<?php function sqr($i) { return $i * $i; } echo sqr(5) . "\n"; ?> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Typically embedded in a HTML document.

    Including
    include "file.php"; include_once "file.php"; require "file.php"; require_once "file.php"; Exec Continues Upon Failure? y y n n File Included Only Once? n y n y

    include include_once require require_once

    Building and Running


    php file.php

    Terminal I/O
    Reading from stdin: iValuesRead = fscanf(STDIN, "%d %lf", $i, $d); Writing to stdout: iCharsWritten = printf("%d %f", $i, $d);

    Page 1 of 6

    Writing to stderr: iCharsWritten = fprintf(STDERR, "%d %f", $i, $d);

    Keywords
    and, or, xor, __FILE__, exception, __LINE__, array(), as, break, case, class, const, continue, declare, default, die(), do, echo(), else, elseif, empty(), enddeclare, endfor, endforeach, endif, endswitch, endwhile, eval(), exit(), extends, for, foreach, function, global, if, include(), include_once(), isset(), list(), new, print(), require(), require_once(), return(), static, switch, unset(), use, var, while, __FUNCTION__, __CLASS__, __METHOD__, final, php_user_filter, interface, implements, instanceof, public, private, protected, abstract, clone, try, catch, throw, cfunction, this, final, __NAMESPACE__, namespace, goto, __DIR__

    Primitive Data Types


    Integer: Floating point number: Interpreted string: Uninterpreted (raw) string: Boolean: Null object: 1, 12345, 01, 012345, 0x1, 0x1DB5 0.0, 1.23, 1.23e4 "hi" 'hi' true, false (case insensitive) null (case insensitive) cast cast cast cast cast cast cast to to to to to to to integer boolean float string array class NULL

    Conversions: (int), (integer): (bool), (boolean): (float), (double), (real): (string): (array): (class): (unset):

    No declaration statements; variables are created when first assigned a value

    Operators
    non-associative left non-associative right right right non-associative right left left left non-associative non-associative left left left left left left right clone, new [] ++ -~ (int) (float) (string) (array) (object) (bool) @ instanceof ! * / % + - . << >> < <= > >= <> == != === !== & ^ | && || ? : = += -= *= /= .= %= (1) clone and new (2) array() (3) increment/decrement (4) bitwise not, negation (4) typecast (4) typecast (5) type check (6) logical (7) arithmetic (8) arithmetic and string (9) bitwise (10) comparison (11) comparison (12) bitwise and references (13) bitwise (14) bitwise (15) logical (16) logical (17) conditional expression (18) assignment

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    right left left left left

    &= |= ^= <<= >>= => and xor or ,

    (18) (19) (20) (21) (22)

    assignment logical logical logical many uses

    Statements
    Expression statement: expr; Echo statement: echo expr, expr, ...; Compound statement: { statement; statement; ...} Selection statements: if (booleanExpr) statement else statement; Note: false, 0, null, '', "", and array() all indicate logical FALSE; any other value indicates logical TRUE switch (expr) { case (value1): statement; ...; break; case (value2): statement; ...; break; ... default: statement; ...; } Iteration statements: while (booleanExpr) statement; do statement while (expr); for (initexpr; booleanExpr; increxpr) statement; Note: false, 0, null, '', "", and array() all indicate logical FALSE; any other value indicates logical TRUE foreach ($array as $element) statement; foreach ($associativeArray as $key => $value) statement; break; continue; Return statement:

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    return; return expr; Function call: f(expr, ...); Default is call-by-value. & preceding a formal parameter indicates call-by-reference. Exception handling: try { ... } catch (Exception $e) { ... $e->getMessage() ... } throw new Exception("Description");

    Classes, Objects, and Object References


    <?php class MyClass { private $i; public function __construct($i) { $this->i = $i; } public function get() { return $this->i; } public function set($i) { $this->i = $i; } } function main() { $obj1 = new MyClass(5); $obj1->set(10); echo $obj1->get() . "\n"; print_r($obj1); } main(); ?>

    Data Structures
    Arrays $a = array(1, 2, "three"); $a[] = "four"; // Appends. echo $a[0]; Associative Arrays $aa = array("John" => "rhythm guitar", "Paul" => "bass guitar"); $aa["George"] = "lead guitar"; $aa["Ringo"] = "drums"; echo $aa["Paul"];

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    Functions on Arrays is_array(), count(), sort(), shuffle(), explode(), extract(), compact(), reset(), end() An array is not an object. Often must use call-by-reference when passing an array to a function. function fill1($a) { $a[] = 5; $a[] = 6; $a[] = 7; } function fill2(&$a) { $a[] = 5; $a[] = 6; $a[] = 7; } $a = array(); fill1($a); // a is unaffected. fill2($a); // a is affected.

    Strings
    Functions on Strings strlen(), strpos(), strtolower(), strtoupper(), chr(), ord(), explode(), implode(), ltrim(), rtrim(), trim(), substr(), str_replace(), ucwords()

    Files
    fopen(), fgets(), fscanf(), fprintf(), fclose() as in C $bool = file_exists($file); STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are predefined.

    Command-Line Arguments
    $argc is the argument count $argv is a list $argv[0] is the name of the program ... if ($argc != 3) { echo "Usage: $argv[0] arg1 arg2"; exit(1); }

    Superglobal Variables
    When run within a web server: $GLOBALS $_SERVER $_GET $_POST $_FILES $_COOKIE $_SESSION $_REQUEST $_ENV All variables Headers, paths, script locations, etc. Data passed to the script via the HTTP GET method Data passed to the script via the HTTP POST method Data uploaded to the script via the HTTP POST method Data passed to the script via HTTP cookies Session data Data from the browser, by default $_GET, $_POST, and $_COOKIE Data passed to the script via environment variables

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    Etc.
    We'll cover other features of PHP throughout the course as necessary.

    Copyright 2011 by Robert M. Dondero, Jr.

    Page 6 of 6

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