Chapter 3

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This part presents the methodologies employed in this research study. It

also includes the sample size and instruments to be used by the researcher to

gather data. The development of research instrument was discuss in detailed to

come up with valid questionnaire. The statistical tools to be used to analyze the

results are also discussed at the later part of this chapter.

Research Design

The study utilized both quantitative and qualitative method of research to

determine and describe the health status, lifestyle and job performance of the

respondents to come up with the best program for physical fitness. The

quantitative method used statistical treatment to interpret numerically the findings

and describe the given results through qualitative method. This research design

is otherwise known as Triangulation or Mixed Method of research.

The objective of quantitative research is to develop and

employ mathematical models, theories and/or hypotheses pertaining to

phenomena. The process of measurement is central to quantitative research

because it provides the fundamental connection between empirical observation

and mathematical expression of quantitative relationships. Quantitative is any

data that is in numerical form such as statistics, percentages, etc. The researcher

asks a specific, narrow question and collects a sample of numerical data from the
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respondents to answer the questions. The researcher analyzes the data with the

help of statistics as employed in this research.

Respondents

To determine the sample size, the researcher considered the Slovin

Formula in computing the sample as shown below:

N 1,277
n= ______________________ n = _____________________
1 + Ne2 1 + 1,277 (0.1)2

where: = 99.92 or 100

n = size of the sample

N = size of the population

e = margin on error

Out of 1,277 general population of Police Security and Protection Unit,

only 100 personnel were selected based from the above formula of computing

the sample. In the total population of the PSPG, 1 is added resulting to 1,278.The

margin of error 0.1 is selected because the value of one sample size is differ

from another besides the availability of on-duty personnel is limited. It was

squared and resulted to 0.05 multiplied to 1,278 resulted to 12.78. The general

population of 1,277 was divided to the product 12.78 and come up to the quotient

99.92 and rounded to 100 as the sample size.

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The 100 samples from the population of Police Security and Protection

Group were selected using Convenient Sampling Technique, where only the

available and on-duty personnel on the day of administration of questionnaire

were selected.

Research Instrument

The research instrument was developed by the researcher. It is not a

standardized test but can measure the health status and lifestyle of the

respondents through survey and descriptive questionnaire. The first part of the

questionnaire is the assessment of physical health, psycho-social health and

lifestyle of the respondents using descriptive questionnaire and be measured

using the likert scale as appropriately indicated in the survey document.

The 5-point Dedekind likert scale used is interpreted below:

DESCRIPTIVE JOB
SCALE RANGE FITNESS STATUS
INTERPRETATION PERFORMANCE
5 4.51-5.00 Always Excellent Health Outstanding
4 3.51-4.50 Often Better than Average Health Very Satisfactory
3 2.51-3.50 Sometimes Average Health Satisfactory
2 1.51-2.50 Seldom Below Average Health Fair
1 1.00-1.50 Never Poor Health Poor

The second part assessed the Physical and Psycho-social Conditions.

Subsequently, the third part is the measure of job performance where the same

instrument is utilized by the PSPG unit in determining their job performance.

The research instrument was checked by the adviser and some revisions

were made to fit with the quality standards of the research instrument.
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Data Gathering Procedure

The informed consent were secured prior to the administration of the

research questionnaire. After an approval of the request letter, the researcher

approached every member of the group who are selected as respondents based

from the sample selection. The administered questionnaire were retrieved and

submit to the statistician to analyze the data.

Statistical Treatment

The statistical treatment used in this study is weighted mean. Since the

focal point of this research is to describe the phenomena, the appropriate method

is to determine the central tendency to analyze the given results.

According to Tan (2006), weighted mean is the overall average responses

of the respondents. It is the sum of its product of the frequency of responses and

the Likert five-point scale based on the Dedekind Cut. The Dedekind Cut is the

numerical analyst who determined the internal scale from the whole numbers.

The formula of weighted mean is shown below:

❑
∑
❑
(5 f 1+4 f 2+3 f 3+2 f 4 +1 f 5)

WM = _______________________________________

N= (f1 + f2 + f3 +f4 + f5)

Where: ∑
❑
❑ = summation

f1 to f5 = frequency of responses per unit weight

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N = total number of respondents

Furthermore, the pearson-r was also utilized to determine the relationship

between the health and fitness status and the job performance of the

respondents. This found out how the health and fitness status including physical,

pycho-social health, lifestyle, spiritual health, physical problems and psycho-

social conditions affect the job performance of the respondents.

The interpretation of r-value is as follows:

0.81-1.00 Very High Correlation

0.61-0.80 High Correlation
0.41-0.60 Moderate Correlation
0.21-0.40 Low Correlation
0.00-0.20 Very Low Correlation

Very low correlation means that the two variables are not related with each

other which caused acceptance of the null hypothesis. Meanwhile, Low

Correlation also shows no relationship between the two variables. On the other

hand, r-value resulting to moderate correlation means that the relationship is

existing and may affect with each other. High correlation also signifies that the

relationship highly influence the variables causing rejection of null hypothesis.

Very high correlation means that there is an utmost significance or relationship

between the compared variables.

This computation was applied to determine the relationship of Health and

Fitness Status to Job Performance of the respondents.

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NOTES

Aliaga and Gunderson. (2000 Edition) Research Methods and

Application. Lippincott CA, Designing an Educational Research pages 86-87

Ernesto H. Calderon. Methods of Educational Research Revised Edition

2009 C.E Publishing, Inc. Quezon City, Philippines

Luke R. Sunder Applied Statistics 5th Edition 2012 Clement and James
Publishing South Dakota, USA.

Cristeta B. Tan A Research Guide in Nursing Education Third Edition

2006 by Visual Print Enterprises, Makati City
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