CHAPTER 1: MANAGEMENT OF FAMILY RESOURCES

LESSON 1: TYPES OF RESOURCES THAT FAMILIES CAN USE

Look and Learn

Resources are what the family possesses or makes use of attain goals, meet the needs, and
satisfy the wants of its members. There are two types of resources: human resources and
material resources.

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The Nature of Resources
Resources are sources or supplies that can be transformed to benefit and satisfy people’s
needs and wants. They can be classified into two categories: human resources and material
resources. Human Resources refer to the qualities and attributes which an individual possesses
such as education, occupation, ability, skill, attitude, talent, knowledge, energy and time. Material
Resources or nonhuman resources are tangible resources that are available for use. These include
money, goods and properties. Community facilities such as schools and colleges, libraries, parks,
markets, and churches, are also part of material resources.
Some resources, such as time and energy, can be classified as both human and material
resources. For example, services or energy can be hired or exchanged for money. Nowadays, human
energy is substituted by other types of energy such as gas and electricity.
The most commonly used resources are time, energy, and money.
HUMAN RESOURCES
Human resources are personal characteristics and attributes of individuals. These are
intangible qualities. They are as follows:
 Ability, Skill, and Talent
Ability is the capacity to do an activity while skill is the ability acquired to do complex
activities or job or functions as a result of learning. Talent is a skill or ability that is inborn.
Talented persons are called “gifted.”
 Attitude is a mental position, behaviour, or conduct regarding some matter, which suggests
some thoughts or feelings.
 Knowledge is the result or product of learning, information, or understanding acquired
through experience, practical ability, or skill.
 Energy is the capacity or tendency to do vigorous action or the power to produce an effect.
MATERIAL RESOURCES
Material resources are resources that are tangible and recognizable. They are visible in form
and can be readily determined.

 Time is a resource measured in periods such as hours, days, months, and years. It is the most
fundamental and limited resource. Once lost, it cannot be regained.
 Money is a precious resource or commodity that is used as a medium of exchange. Money
may come from different resources such as salary, business, family savings, and investments.
 Goods are articles or merchandise that are bought or sold. Properties are objects of values
lawfully acquired or owned. Goods and properties include appliances, houses, and lots,
which are enjoyed by the family.
 Community Resources are physical objects or facilities in the locality that can be used by
people to satisfy their needs for health, education, welfare, and livelihood. Examples of these
are parks, roads, schools, libraries, health centers, and hospitals, among others which are
provided by the government, private citizens, religious groups, and others.

THE MANAGEMENT PROCESS

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 The management process is a systematic way of doing work. It involves the following steps:
planning, organizing, controlling, and evaluating. These are important activities needed to be able
to effectively use the resources.
1. PLANNING is the process of making decisions on what to do, when to do the activities, and how
to achieve the goals. Identifying the resources that the family possesses is the first step in planning.
Members of the family must be aware of the resources available to them. Are the resources adequate
or inadequate?
 The goals must be set.
 Plans must be made and written down.
2. According to Louis A. Allen, a management consultant, organizing is the process of identifying
and grouping the work to be performed. It also involves defining and delegating responsibility and
authority. The purpose of organizing is to enable people to work most effectively together. The
work to be done is identified and specific activities are suggested in order for the goals to be
achieved. Identifying where, when, and how to sell the fruits is an example of organizing the plan.
Identifying the source of funding and the amount of money available is also part of the organizing
process.

3. CONTROLLING or IMPLEMENTING means putting the plan in action. This is the doing
process of management and is characterized by the following:

 accomplishments of goals through control of action

 adjustments of plans to meet changing resources and needs

4. EVALUATING means finding out or determining the worth or amount of a thing. In short, this
means assessing experiences and results of activities in relation to progress towards goals. It occurs
throughout the process of POCE. For example, selling fruits is the goal or end that the individual or
the family is willing to work for. The goal is definite and tangible because it can be evaluated if it is
possible to be accomplished.
EFFECTIVE USE OF RESOURCES
The following guidelines are important in using family resources effectively:
1. Time, money and energy are precious and the most used of all resources. These, however, are
usually scarce and limited. Scarcity of resources means there are not enough resources for everyone
to get what he/she wants. It is therefore important to use these resources wisely and economically to
avoid wastage. For example, all people have the same 24 hours in a day. People differ how they use
their time. The saying that “you cannot bring back the hands of time” illustrates that the time lost
will no longer be regained.
The same is true for money and energy. A budget is used to avoid overspending, and a
schedule of time and activities will ensure that energy is well spent.
2. Availability of resources for a family, for example, depends mostly on the family size and
composition. Bigger families need more resources than smaller families. As example, the family
income will determine the quality and amount of resources that the family has such as in

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maintaining a comfortable home, having a well-fed family, or being suitably clothed for a variety of
situations.
3. Skills and talents of family members must be discovered and encouraged by parents. Examples of
this are the skills and talents in music and the arts. The gifted or talented family member must be
given time to practice playing the musical instrument he/she is good at or should be supplied with
necessary art materials if interested or talented in arts. Talents, when developed, can be utilized to
earn income for the family.
4. Facilities available to the community must be shared and utilized to the fullest. This will help
meet the community members’ needs in health, education, livelihood, and recreation purposes.

Think and Remember

Classify the resources. Write HR on the line for Human Resources and MR for Material Resources.
__________ 1. ability
__________ 2. time
__________ 3. money
__________ 4. skills
__________ 5. goods
__________ 6. talent
__________ 7. property
__________ 8. attitude
__________ 9. community park
__________ 10. Energy

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 LESSON 2: Basic and Social Needs of the Family

Look and Learn

A need is something you must have and can’t do without. It is something necessary
to an individual and the family in order to live. The human basic needs are food,
clothing, shelter, and education. The family’s basic needs determine its goals as these
are necessary in everyday life. Since people live in a society, they also have needs
called social obligations.

Needs versus
A want is something you would like to have. It is not necessary but would be a good thing to
have. A need, however, is something basic and necessary in order to live.
It is very important for an individual or a family to recognize existing needs and to realize
their difference to prevailing wants. As times have changed and with improvements in technology,
some goods and services that are once considered wants, have become needs.
Comparison Chart of Needs Versus Wants
Basis for comparison Need Want
Wants are described as
Needs refer to an individual’s the goods and services,
Meaning basic requirement that must be which an individual like
fulfilled, in order to survive. to have, as part of his
caprices.
Nature Limited Unlimited
Something you wish to
What is it? Something you must have
have
Represents Necessity Desire
Survival Essential Inessential
Change May remain constant over time May change over time
May result in onset of disease May result in
Non-fulfillment
or even death disappointment
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Social Needs and Social Obligations
The family is the smallest unit of society. Social needs are the things that are formed by the
family as members of the society through interaction with other people. Examples, of social needs
are love, belongingness, and feeling of recognition. Here are some of the events or activities where
social needs are met:
 family celebrations or activities
 school affairs
 health care
 home improvement
Fulfilling the social needs during events or activities mentioned is a social obligation. Social
obligation is an informal need to do something based on fulfilling a duty to satisfy the family,
community, and society’s needs and expectations.

Family Celebrations or Activities

There are several occasions when the family celebrates by having a party or a get-together
and entertaining friends and relatives. Occasions such as anniversaries, birthdays, christening, and
weddings are celebrated by the Filipino family. Family members usually gather on these special
occasions. At times, they also gather at unexpected events such as during the wake of a departed
family member. Attendance to such events is a social obligation. This is the time to keep in touch
and strengthen family ties.
When invited by neighbours or friends to a family celebration, it is an honour and a privilege
to be considered as a guest; thus, one is obligated to attend. Being with relatives, friends, and
extended families is a social need. This fulfils an individual’s need for belongingness.

School Affairs
School affairs usually consist of events such as PTA meetings, graduation or commencement
exercises, celebration of important events through programs, eating together, or fundraising. Parents
of children like you are invited to participate to these school events. It is their duty or moral
obligation to attend. It is a sign of cooperation and concern to the well-being of their children when
they take time from their busy schedule to attend school affairs. School children would be proud to
introduce their parents to the teachers and classmates.

Health Care

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 Health care is concerned with safeguarding health through the observance of people’s health
habits. It also involves maintenance of sanitary living conditions.
Preventive health care is important to sustain a healthy family. Health care, including
preventive health care, is a social need of the family that should not be overlooked. For example,
there will be times when a family member gets sick or meets an accident; thus, the need to see a
doctor or be brought to a hospital. Other examples are aging members of the family needing
maintenance medicines, babies needing expert care of midwives or doctors, and young members
needing vaccinations and immunizations to prevent the spread of contagious diseases. These family
members need health care as part of their social needs so they can interact well with others.

Health Improvement
Through the years the home will need repairs and additional construction to meet the needs
and wants of a growing family. A growing family would need new living spaces and home
appliances. Home fixtures such as appliances will need replacements. Appliances that are no longer
functional must be replaced. Home improvements cost a lot of money; thus, a savings provision
should be allotted to it.

ACTIVITY no. 1
Think of an object that you want to check if it is a need or want. Then answer the questions in the
chart. Put a check on Yes or No column as you answer each question.
Question YES NO
Can I live comfortably without it?
Is it something I do/want for fun and leisure?
Does it have more functions or features?
Do I have so many that having it is a luxury?
Am I buying it because it is branded and it will make me
popular?
TOTAL

LESSON 3: Sources of Family Income

Look and Learn

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Experts in economics defined family income as the money earned plus the goods and services
received and created by family members during a specific period of time. There are two major
types of family income namely: money income and real income.
The use of the family income is determined by the size of the family. The occupation of the family
members is a factor in determining family income.
Types of Income
Money Income is the type of income that is in the form of currency, bills, coins, and cheques
usually received in the form of wages or salaries.
Real Income is the type of income that is in the form of flow of goods and services
available. Like money income, real income is also used for the satisfaction of wants and needs of
the individual or family.

There are different sources of real income, depending on the goods and services available. Goods
may be in the form of the following:
1. fresh fruits and vegetables from a farm or a backyard garden;
2. eggs from raising poultry;
3. meat from livestock farms;
4. goods received from rendering services; or
5. goods received as gifts or donations.

On the other hand, services may be in the form of the following:

1. carpentry, plumbing, painting, or electrical installations;
2. tutorial services; or
3. baking, cooking, or catering services.

Think and Remember

Fill in the blanks to complete the given statements. Choose from the words in the box.

Money income sources salaries

Real services catering size

Occupation goods wants

1. Currency, bills, checks, coins are forms of _______________ income.

2. The flow of goods and services is known as ______________ income.

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3. Real income is used to satisfy ______________ and needs.
4. Carpentry, painting, or electrical installations are examples of _____________.
5. The use of the family income is determined by the ______________ of the family.
6. Fresh fruits and vegetables from a farm or backyard garden are considered as ____________.
7. Gifts and donations received are _______________ of real _____________.
8. Baking, cooking, and _____________ are examples of services.
9. Money income is earned in the form of wages or ______________.
10. The _____________ of the family members is a factor in determining family income.

LESSON 4: Planning and Preparing a Budget

INTRODUCTION

A budget is a plan of how the family income should be spent. It is easier to control spending if you
have a budget. Planning and preparing a budget are the essential ingredients in good money
management. Hence, a student like you should also have a budget to work on.

The Family Budget

The family budget reflects the priorities of needs and wants of a particular family. Fixed
expenses that must be paid are the following:
 Mortgage or rent payments for a home or a car;
 Life insurance and local taxes, if any;
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  Bills for utilities such as electricity, gas, water, and phone;&
 Loan payments of some home furnishing bought in instalment, if any.

Steps in Planning a Budget

Here are the steps to plan your family’s budget:
1. Prepare a checklist of your needs.
2. Estimate your cash income for a certain period of time.
3. Estimate your expenses for period ending.
4. Set up a budget.

Student’s Budget
 Food – money you spent on what you eat during recess or lunch
 Transportation – fares for tricycle and etc.
 Savings – money saved from allowance.
 Clothing & Accessories (wants)
 Entertainment – cellular phone loads and others

PROCEDURE:
Make a budget of your allowance for a week. Use the format below. Show your budget to
your parents for approval. Find out their reactions. Let them sign below the prepared budget
afterward.

Student’s Weekly Budget

Income (Weekly Allowance) Planned Expenses Actual Expenses

Food:
Transportation:
Needs:
Wants:
Savings:

TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL

Parent’s signature: ___________________

HELE 6 (Home Economics & Livelihood Education)

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 CHAPTER 2: FOOD PRESERVATION

LESSON 1: Food Spoilage and Importance of Food Preservation

Look and Learn

Food preservation is the process of preparing food to prevent or slow down

its spoilage. It aims to extend its shelf life so that it can be consumed at a later
time.

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Causes of Food Spoilage
 Microorganism – a bacteria which causes the decomposition of food.
 Enzymes – are substances that cause fruits to ripen.
 Chemical reaction – caused by light and oxygen.
 Pests – cause damage in food and render it unfit for human consumption.
 Mechanical damage – contributes to food deterioration due to moisture loss or gain.
The Importance of Food Preservation
1. Inadequate food supply and the waste of available food are problems that can be solved by food
preservation.
2. Fruits and vegetables in season during certain times of the year can be made available all year
round.
3. Food items found only in one area can be made available to other places.
4. Farmers will be encouraged to plant and raise more crops.
5. Preserved food can be sold to augment family income.
6. Entrepreneurship is developed and encouraged. Food preservation becomes a means of livelihood
and profitable hobby.

Think and Remember

The words in the box refer to the causes of food spoilage. Unscramble them using the given clues.
Write the correct answers on the lines..

EGAMAD STPES TIONOXIDA

MNESZYES ORGANISMSCROMIC

1. ________________________________

2. _______________________________

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 3. ________________________________

4. _______________________________

5. ________________________________

Clues:
1. the chemical reaction between food and oxygen.
2. flies, rodents, and insects that infects foods
3. a result of improper handling or packaging
4. substances that cause food to ripen
5. bacteria

LESSON 2: Methods of Food Preservation

Look and Learn

There are several techniques in processing/preserving food. Some ways, such as canning,
freezing, and sterilizing, would need special tools and equipment. Simple food
preservation may be done at home by using sugar, salt, vinegar, and drying foods under
the sun.

The following methods of food preservation are based on the principle of preventing spoilage of
food and minimizing undesirable changes in food.

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1. Drying – local foods are dried on trays in the open. Sun drying prevents molding and maintains
food quality.
2. Salting – salt inhibits microorganisms and enzyme action, ex. Salted eggs, bagoong, etc.
3. Freezing or refrigeration – the rate of deterioration by enzymes and the growth of microorganisms
are retarded by low temperature
4. Canning – food products are heated to expel air, then sealed in glass containers or tin cans,
sterilized, and cooled.
5. Use of natural preservatives (sugar, salt & vinegar) – high sugar concentration prevents the
growth of microorganisms.
6. Fermentation – it is the conversion of sugar into ethyl alcohol.
7. Pickling – preservation by use of acid (usually vinegar)
8. Smoking – it uses heat produced by burning wood.

There are many other methods of food preservation that are used by food processing
companies. These method would need heavy duty equipment and chemical preservatives that must
be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Think and Remember

Identify the methods of food preservations used in the processing of each of the following food
items. Choose your answer from the given words in the box. You may use the words in the box
more than once. Write your answer on the line.

Pickling canning sugar

Drying salting fermentation
Smoking freezing use of preservative

1. sardines - ____________________________
2. atsara - ____________________________
3. pineapple jam - ____________________________
4. ham - ____________________________
5. raisins - ____________________________

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 6. salted egg - ____________________________
7. bagoong - ____________________________
8. wines - ____________________________
9. vinegar - ____________________________
10. frozen peas - ____________________________

LESSON 3: PROCESSING/ PRESERVING SELECTED FOOD ITEMS

Look and Learn

Simple and basic techniques in food processing can be done at home. Complex processes
would need the use of special tools and equipment. Learning the basic techniques is made
easier with use of standardized recipes in food preservation.

Food Preservation Terms:

 Pare – cut off the skin with knife
 Peel – pull off the outer skin or rind
 Chop – cut into small uneven pieces
 Blend – mix two or more foods thoroughly
 Blanch – pour or dip food in boiling water
 Freeze – keep in the coldest part of the refrigerator
 Shred – cut into thin strips
 Boil – cook in liquid until bubbles appear
 Simmer – cook just below boiling point
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  Grate – cut into fine pieces by rubbing against a grater
 Caramelize – melt sugar in high temperature
 Brine – salt and water solution
 Syrup – sugar and water solution

TRY THIS!!!
Direction: Prepare a plan for food preservation based on your chosen food below. Discuss this with
your parents and write below on the space provided.
Fruits and others:
1. Pineapple jam
2. Papaya-pineapple Jam
3. Ube jam
Vegetables:
1. pickled cucumber
2. atsarang papaya
Meat:
1. homemade bacon
2. tocino
Fish and others:
1. daing na bangus
2. salted egg
3. Bagoong

Suggested Plan & Recipe: _________________________________________________

Ingredients: Utensils/ Tools:

____________________________________ ____________________________________
____________________________________ ____________________________________
____________________________________ ____________________________________
____________________________________ ____________________________________
____________________________________ ____________________________________
____________________________________ ____________________________________
____________________________________ ____________________________________
____________________________________ ____________________________________
____________________________________ ____________________________________
__________________________ __________________________

Procedure:

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 Recipe’s Budget Plan

Budget Amount Planned Expenses Php Actual Expenses Php

Php

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 Total: Total:

Parent’s Signature: ________________________

Project: PUT IT UP!!

Direction: Make your plan in action with the guidance of your parents/ guardians. Record a video of
yourself demonstrating the steps on how to preserve food based on your chosen food.
Guidelines:
1. Prepare all the needed ingredients and tools.
2. Prepare yourself. (Make yourself presentable & don’t forget to wear your smile )
3. The video must be five minutes minimum and 10 minutes maximum.
4. Submit your video through uploading it to the designated comment section or in our official Facebook
Group.
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5. You can edit it to make it more creative.
6. Good luck and work hard grade 6. Laban lang!

Judging Criteria:
 CREATIVITY & ORIGINALITY – entries must be the student’s own work. Videos must be
captivating and must be carefully examined and thought through the topic.

 MESSAGE CONTENT – Does the student apply / explain clearly the procedures of “ Food
preservation’. Is the video relevant? How compelling is the video? Is the video presented in order?

 TECHNICAL ORGANIZATION – how well the video produced in regards to continuity, timing,
camera operation, sound quality, editing and adherence to time limit. (3-10 minutes)

 PEOPLES’ CHOICE – The most liked video will be posted on our official school website. The
videos will be ranked based on the number of likes and corresponding points will be added to your
final score.

Criteria: Points

Creativity & Originality – 30 %

Message Content – 40 %

Technical Organization – 20 %

People’s Choice (most liked)- 10 %

Total:

Note:
1. You can start filming your video on Oct. 19 – 21.
2. Submit your video through uploading it to the designated comment section or in our official Facebook
Group on October 22 – 28.
3. Teacher will sent the official group website on the first day of submission.

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