7

MAPEH - PE
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
INDIVIDUAL SPORTS
ATHLETICS
Subject Area – MAPEH – PE 7
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 2: ATHLETICS
Second Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writers: ANTONIETA P. DALISAY, MAEd. and TEODORICO C. CABANALAN, JR.

Editors: Mervin P. Perez, Rashida A. Asis
Reviewers: Nhor Emra Yahya Plo, EdD., Sharon I. Waraen
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Jan Ray Francis G. Gregorio
Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Management Team: Charlie D. Rocafort, CESO V – Regional Director
Rebonfamil R. Baguio, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
Dr. Natividad G. Ocon, CESO VI - Schools Division Superintendent
Dr. Meilrose B. Peralta - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Dr. Magdaleno Duhilag, Jr. REPS – Subject Area Supervisor
Dr. Reynaldo M. Pascua, CESE - CID Chief
Hazel G. Aparece, EdD. - Division EPS In-Charge of LRMS
Antonio R. Pasigado, Jr. - Division ADM Coordinator
Nhor Emra Yahya Plo, EdD -EPS – Subject Area Supervisor

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Region

Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
E-mail Address: [email protected]
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies
and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated
for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you discover and
understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you
need to proceed on completing this module, or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s
assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the
post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided to the facilitators and
parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a
separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read the instructions carefully before
performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature and background of athletics. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Nature and Background of Athletics, Sport Facilities and Equipment and
Four Major Events
• Lesson 2 – Basic Skills of Athletics

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Describe the nature and background of the sport – Athletics
2. Execute the different phases of sprinting.

What I Know

A. MULTIPLE CHOICES: Read the following questions carefully and write

the letter of the correct answer on the space provided before each
number.

1. Why is athletics be played outdoors?

A. Because it is played in the track oval.
B. Because it is played inside the gymnasium.
C. Because it is played in the swimming pool.
D. Because it is played in the basketball court.

2. The following are events of athletics, EXCEPT

A. Combined Events C. Swimming
B. Road Events D. Track and Field

3. Athletics or track and field is considered as the oldest event. What

best describes athletics?
A. Athletics is an enjoyable event.
B. Athletics is an individual event.
C. Athletics originated from Ancient Egypt.
D. Athletics was first played in the Olympics in 776 BC.

4
 4. Who is the current world record holder as the fastest man on earth?
A. Florence Griffith-Joyner C. Tyson Gay
B. Usain Bolt D. Yohan Blake

5. Which of the following is considered as an individual event?

A. Athletics C. Sepak Takraw
B. Basketball D. Volleyball

B. CLASSIFICATION: Classify the following events of athletics into its major

events. Choose your answers from the choices below.

TRACK EVENTS ROAD EVENTS

FIELD EVENTS COMBINED EVENTS

1. Heptathlon
2. Sprint
3. Men and Women Marathon
4. Throw
5. Hurdle

C. MATCHING TYPE: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of your
answer on the space provided.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. Oval A. An area for long and triple jump

2. Baton B. A heavy plate-shaped object used
3. Shot in discus throw
4. Discus C. Short stick used in relay
5. Landing pit with sand D. An equipment used for shot put
E. Gives signal to start the event
F. Playing venue of track and field
events

Let us find out your score! If you got 10 and above, it means you are
knowledgeable about the topic. If you scored 7 to 9, it means you already have
a background of the topic, however if your scored 6 and below, you have to
focus and do good in the next activities.

5
 Lesson NATURE AND BACKGROUND OF
ATHLETICS, SPORT FACILITIES AND
1 EQUIPMENT AND FOUR MAJOR
EVENTS
As a human being we need to be physically fit in order to perform our daily
tasks efficiently and effectively. One must indulge physical activity to be physically
fit and sport is one of it. Sports is an athletic activity requiring skill or physical
prowess and often of a competitive nature. It can be performed indoors or outdoors
and it can be an individual or team sports. Individual sports are in which participants
compete as an individual.
Athletics is one of the oldest sports and considered as an individual sports
except relay. It includes track, field, road and combined events. As we all knew,
running is one of the basic skills and movement interlinking in most sporting and
physical activities. It is an important element in all sports training programs that
helps develop the athlete’s strength, endurance, speed and some other fitness
component needed by an athlete.
This module will help you learn about the history of athletics, facilities and
equipment used and its four major events.

What’s In
REVIE

A. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is CORRECT

and give the RIGHT ANSWER if the statement is FALSE.
1. A goal or aim is necessary in designing your exercise
program.
2. Exercise program can decrease energy levels.
3. An exercise program is a planned activity detailing a range
of physical exercises and the amount of time each exercise
should be performed.
4. Weight management is one of the health benefits of exercise
and exercise program.
5. Exercise and exercise program can increase the risk of
chronic diseases.
6. Cool down exercise is necessary prior to any physical
activities to prepare our muscles.
7. Frequency refers to the number of exercise or how often you
exercise.
8. Intensity refers to the duration or how long the exercised is
performed.
9. Principle of overload is the most basic of all fitness training
principle.
10.Principle of recovery focuses on the different ways to
achieved desired fitness goal.

6
 What’s New

Have you heard of someone whose commitment to fitness is ultimate? Do you

know how marathon originated? It started of Greek-Persian war happened during
490 BC. They called it, “The Battle of Marathon”, which is the turning point of the
war between the Ancient Greece and Persia. In this battle Greek defeated Persia on
the plains of Marathon, Greece. To announce to the world, the Greek victory, they
send someone who is consider as the first Marathon runner Phedippes. He was
responsible of sending word to Athens on how the Greek defeated Persian, so he ran
from Marathon to Athens as fast as he could a distance of about 25 miles (40 km) in
order to deliver the good news. He attained his goal but died eventually because of
exhaustion.

QUESTIONS:

1. What is the main idea of the article?

2. How does marathon help to improve the ability of the Greek Army?

3. As a teenager, can you consider yourself physically fit?

What is It

HISTORY OF ATHLETICS
Athletics is known as track and field event is the same time an outdoor event.
It is depicted in the Ancient Egyptian tombs in Saqqara, with elaborations of running
and high jumping during the Heb Seb festival as early as 2250 BC. It was considered
as one of the oldest events and first played in Olympics on 776 BC. Athletics
expanded, where it includes running, walking, jumping and throwing events within
the ancient pentathlon. Competitions also took place at other Pan Hellenic Games
on 500 BC. Athletics is considered as an individual sport except the relays, where it
involves a team of four runners.

The International Association of Athletic Federation (IAAF) formerly known as

International Amateur of Athletic Federation serves as the world sport’s governing body of
athletics founded at Stockholm, Sweden on July 17, 1912.
The Philippine Athletics Track and Field Association (PATAFA) formerly known as
Philippine Amateur Track and Field Association was founded on 1962 as our
national governing body.

Nowadays, Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt is the fastest man in the world and
he’s also the fastest man in history with a record time of 9.58 seconds as a
100m sprinter. The fastest woman in the history is Florence Griffith-Joyner of USA
with a world record time of 10.49 seconds.

7
 In the Palarong Pambansa 2019 Vince Jayson B. Buhayan from Nicomedes R.
Tubar Sr. National High School of Western Visayas holds a record with 10.62 seconds
in 100M and 200M sprint for men.

In the year 1976 Palarong Pambansa that was held at Lucena, our very own
Mr. Elmer Marañon Aboy, now a Master Teacher I of Kidapawan City National High
School, Kidapawan City, Cotabato, garnered Bronze Medal in 400M sprint - junior
category. While in senior category, the latter was a silver medalist during the
Palarong Pambansa held at Dipolog in 1983 for 400M sprint and he added two silver
medals in 200 and 400M sprint during the Palarong Pambansa held at Tacloban in
1984. His sports achievements eventually helped him to acquire a scholarship that
made him finished his studies.

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT USED IN ATHLETICS

FACILITIES AND
DESCRIPTION
EQUIPMENT
1. Baton ➢ a short stick that is passed from one
runner to another in a relay race.
2. Discus ➢ a heavy plate-shaped object that is use in
discus throw
3. Hammer Shot ➢ consist of a metal ball attached by a steel
wire to grip, use in hammer throw
4. Horizontal Bar and ➢ used for high jump
upright stand with landing foam

5. Hurdles ➢ a portable barrier or object where runners

are obliged to jump or leap
6. Javelin ➢ a spear-like object about 8 1/2 feet (2.7
meters long) made up of metal, fiberglass
and in some cases, carbon fiber used in
javelin throw
7. Shot ➢ made up of iron that is use in shot put,
weighs 7.26 kg. for men and 4 kg. for
women and 3.7 - 4.3 inches in diameter.
8. Starting Pistol ➢ used as a signal to start the event
9. Starting Blocks ➢ used by a runner to launch his/her feet to
start
10. Landing Pit with sand ➢ used for long and triple jump for safe
landing
11. Oval ➢ designed to be 400m around (using the
inside lane)
➢ a running track that has two straights of
lenght 84.39 m and two semi-circular
ends with an inside radius of 36.50 m
➢ the main venue where the athletics or
track and field events are being played
12. Stopwatch ➢ use to record the time achieved by the
runner or performer
13. Spiked shoes ➢ necessary for a runner to have a good and
quality run

8
 14. Springy fiberglass ➢ use for pole vault
vaulting pole, pair of
aluminum poles, vault
stands, cross bar and
landing area with foam
15. Discus and hammer throwing ➢ a safety place often used to protect other
cage users of the track or field while throwing
event is taking place
16. Measuring Tape ➢ use to measure the distance
performed/reached by a jumper and a
thrower

FOUR MAJOR EVENTS OF ATHLETICS

TRACK/RUNNING FIELD EVENTS ROAD EVENTS COMBINED
EVENTS
EVENTS
1. Sprint 1. Jumps 1. Men and women 1. Heptathlon for
⚫ 100 Meter sprint ⚫ Long Jump marathon Women
⚫ 200 Meter Sprint ⚫ High Jump
⚫ 400 Meter Sprint ⚫ Triple Jump
⚫ Pole Vault
2. Middle Distance 2.Throws 2.Women 10 km 2. Decsthlon for
⚫ 800 Meter Run ⚫ Discuss Throw race walk
Men
⚫ 1,500 Meter Run ⚫ Javelin Throw
⚫ Shot Put
⚫ Hammer
Throw
3. Long Distance/ 3. Men’s 20 km 3. Pentathlon
Marathon and 50 km race
⚫ 5,000 Meters walks
⚫ 10,000 Meters
4. Hurdles
⚫ 100 Meter Hurdles
⚫ 110 Meter Hurdles
⚫ 400 Meter Hurdles
5. Relay (a team with
4 runners)
⚫ 4x100 Meter
⚫ 4x400 Meter
6. Steeple Chase

What’s More
ACTIVITY 1: Arrange the scrambled letters to form a word/s related to athletics.

1. SCUSDI ROTHW
2. DUHRLES
3. NABTO
4. NIGNUNR
5. NIJALEV
6. GINMPUJ
7. LAVO
8. LPOE LTUVA
9. LAYER
10. KRACT

9
ACTIVITY 2: Fill the graphic organizer with the facilities and equipment of athletics.

What I Have Learned

ACTIVITY 3:

Fill in the blanks with the correct word/s to make the statement true.

In this session, I discovered that (1) was first played in

Olympics on (2) and the fastest man on earth in record is
(3) .
I also learned that the facilities and equipment of athletics are:
(4)_ , (5) , (6) , (7) ,
(8) , (9) ,
(10) , (11) .
Furthermore, athletics has four major events namely:
(12) , (13) ,
(14) , (15) .

10
 What I Can Do

ACTIVITY 4:

GUESSING GAME: Identify the major development that happened in the field
of athletics in a specific year.

2250 BC 500 BC 196

2

776 BC 191
2
1. athletics was first played in Olympics
2. Philippine Athletics Track and Field Association was
founded
3. athletic events were depicted in the Ancient Egyptians
tombs
4. International Association of Athletics Federation was
founded
5. athletic competitions took place at Pan Hellenic Games

ACTIVITY 5: Classify the following events of athletics into its major events.

* hurdle * decathlon * 100-meter sprint

* Men and Women Marathon * high jump * hammer throw
* long jump * discus throw * steeple chase
* shot put * 800-meter run * Pentathlon
* Women 10 km. race walk * Men’s 20 km. & 50 km. race walk
* relay * pole vault * 1,500-meter run
* Heptathlon * javelin throw * 400-meter sprint

TRACK EVENTS FIELD EVENTS ROAD EVENTS COMBINED

EVENTS

11
Lesson 2 Basic Skills in Athletics

Running is a form of cardio exercise that is easily accessible. It is one of the most
straightforward ways to get the important benefits of exercise, since it improves aerobic
cardiovascular health plus it burns calories and builds strength among other things.

This module will encourage you to perform and execute running particularly sprinting
in which this would help you perform and engaged in this activity/ competition.

Sprinting is a short distance running and there are four phases of sprinting, namely:
(a.) starting phase. (b.) acceleration phase. (c.) constant speed and (d.) deceleration phase.

Later in this session, you will be able to use this ability in developing your interest in
the field of athletics particularly in running and sprinting and who knows you too could
sprint your way to the Nationals and even Internationally. While roofing your interest, you
can carry out properly to improve your health and become a physically fit individual.

What’s New

Demonstration
Demonstrate the different Phases of Sprinting:

• Starting Phase
- It is where the sprinter is in contact
with the blocks.

• Acceleration Phase
- It increases stride length and
stride frequency.

12
 • Constant Speed
- It is characterized by both the
stride length and stride frequency
remaining the same over a period of time.

• Deceleration
- It decreases in sprinting speed.

Note: Each one must have to execute the different Phases of Sprinting properly.

What is It

Valuing
• The importance of proper execution of the different Phases of Sprinting.

Tell and Retell:

➢ Tell at least three (3) importance of the different Phases of Sprinting and Retell
according to the most to the least important.

• How does proper execution help to improve the performance of a sprinter?

Share your thought/s:

➢ __________________________________________________________________________

Here are the basic elements of correct sprinting technique:

Hold your torso straight and vertical. Hold your head still but relax your face and
neck. Bend your elbow at 90 degrees.

Source: https://activeforlife.com>teach-kids

13
 What’s More

Execution

Execute the different Phases of sprinting:

• Starting Phase
• Acceleration Phase
• Constant Speed
• Deceleration

How do I rate myself?

• Footwork 2 pts.
• Hand Movement 2 pts.
• Proper Body Stance 2 pts.
• Endurance and Speed 2 pts.
TOTAL - 8 pts.

Note:
Consider the following:
o Good pair of shoes
o Proper attire for running
o Body condition
o Plus – encourage all the members of the family and even your pets to join for you to
have a happy and active family bonding

What I Have Learned

Generalization
Let us try this!
Let me decide: Based on the given activity, put check (√) if you agree and mark ex
(X) if you disagree in the following statement.

______ 1. It’s one of the most efficient ways to achieve aerobic fitness.
______ 2. It helps you lose weight.
______ 3. It can be done inexpensively.
______ 4. It’s convenient indoors or out.
______ 5. It’s a good stress reliever
______ 6. You can run alone or with others for social interaction.
______ 7. Prevent diseases.
______ 8. It’s a good starting activity for sports skills development.

14
 What I Can Do

Beat us!
In this activity, you will do a relay game in which you will apply the basic skills of
running. The emphasis on this activity is skill and fun.

Objective:
Demonstrate different phases of sprinting.

Materials:

Plastic Chairs and plastic bottles

Here’s how:
1. Group yourselves into four. Choose a leader.
2. Each team will stand in one line composed of 8 players.
3. A plastic chair is set up 10 meters away from the starting line.
4. The first player runs with a plastic bottle and turns on the plastic chair and runs
back to their position.
5. As he/she reaches the starting line he/she needs to pass the plastic bottle to the
next player and proceed at the last line of your group.
6. And the next player will do the same as the first player did.
7. Routine will continue up to the last player.
8. The first team/group to finish will be declared winner.

Note: Give prizes to the winners. Be creative in giving such

Assessment

A. MULTIPLE CHOICES: Read the following questions carefully and write

the letter of the correct answer on the space provided before each
number.

1. Why is athletics be played outdoors?

A. Because it is played in the track oval.
B. Because it is played inside the gymnasium.
C. Because it is played in the swimming pool.
D. Because it is played in the basketball court.

2. The following are events of athletics, EXCEPT

A. Combined Events C. Swimming
B. Road Events D. Track and Field

15
 3. Athletics or track and field is considered as the oldest event. What
best describes athletics?
A. Athletics is an enjoyable event.
B. Athletics is an individual event.
C. Athletics originated from Ancient Egypt.
D. Athletics was first played in the Olympics in 776 BC.

4. Who is the current world record holder as the fastest man on earth?
A. Florence Griffith-Joyner C. Tyson Gay
B. Usain Bolt D. Yohan Blake

5. Which of the following is considered as an individual event?

A. Athletics C. Sepak Takraw
B. Basketball D. Volleyball

B. CLASSIFICATION: Classify the following events of athletics into its major

event. Choose your answers from the choices below.

TRACK EVENTS ROAD EVENTS

FIELD EVENTS COMBINED EVENTS

1. Heptathlon
2. Sprint
3. Men and Women Marathon
4. Throw
5. Hurdle

C. MATCHING TYPE: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of your
answer on the space provided.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. Oval A. An area for long and triple jump

2. Baton B. A heavy plate-shaped object used
3. Shot in discus throw
4. Discus C. Short stick used in relay
5. Landing pit with sand D. An equipment used for shot put
F. Gives signal to start the event
F. Playing venue of track and field
events

16
Rubric for Lesson 2 Activity:
SCORE MO, SHOW MO!
Execution Teamwork Competitive

Skillful Outstanding Excellent

Demonstrates Displays Demonstrates
5 precise and skillful outstanding excellent ability of the
execution of the performance of the group and declared
movements. group with high 1st placer.
level of teamwork.
Competent Very Very Good
Demonstrates the Satisfactory Demonstrates
4 steps competently. Displays excellent ability of the
outstanding group and declared
performance of the 2nd placer.
group with
teamwork.
Practitioner Satisfactory Good
Demonstrate general Displays Demonstrates
3 level of competence in outstanding excellent ability of the
the execution. performance of the group and declared
group with limited 3rd placer.
but growing
teamwork.

Additional Activities

Lifestyle
Continue doing Physical Fitness Activities such as Jogging.
Jogging is a form of running at a slow or leisurely pace. The main intention is
to maintain a steady speed for longer periods of time. Performed over long distances, it
is a form of aerobic endurance training. A person can find places to jog almost
everywhere. The lone requirement to prevent injuries is a good pair of shoes.

Note:
o Record your pulse rate before and after jogging.
o Invite other members of the family and even your friends to join you in
jogging.
o Have a casual discussion with your family members and friends about the
benefits of jogging.

17
Answer Key

18
References
Physical Education and Health, Grade 7, Learner’s Material
Physical Education and Health, Grade 7, Teacher’s Guide
Our World of MAPEH 1, Copyright 2011 by Vibal Publishing House, Inc.
The 21st Century MAPEH in Action, Copyright 2018 by REX Book Store
K to 12 Curriculum Guide, PHYSICAL EDUCATION (Grade 1 to Grade 10),
May 2016
http://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Marathon
https://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/topten/fastestmanintheworld.h
tml
https://www.pinoyathletics.info/vince-buhayan/
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/discus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammer_throw
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/hurdle
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/javelin
https://www.britannica.com/sports/athletics/The-shot-put
https://www.mapsofworld.com/sports/olympics/athletic-events/
https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Athletics_%2528
track_and_field%25
http://datagenetics.com/blog/may12015/index.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole_vault
https://www.stadia-sports.co.uk/buyers-guide/what-is-track-field/

Enclosure No. 1 to Enclosure No. 3, Deped Order No. 034, s. 2019,

REVISED PHYSICAL FITNESS TEST MANUAL
Physical Education, Grade 7, Learner’s Material (Units 1 & 2)
Physical Education, Grade 7, Teacher’s Guide (Units 1 & 2)
Physical Education and Health, Grade 7, Learner’s Material
Physical Education and Health, Grade 7, Teacher’s Guide
K to 12 Curriculum Guide, PHYSICAL EDUCATION (Grade 1 to Grade 10), May
2016
http://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/
https://activeforlife.com>teach-kids
https://www.healthline.com/healthfitness-exercise/warm-up-
exercise#benefits

19
 DISCLAIMER
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd
SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing
the new normal. Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material
to be used by all learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY
2020-2021. The process of LR development was observed in the production
of this module. This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments,
and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: [email protected]

20