Simply Supported Shaft

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Suggested Technique on Modeling a Simply Supported Solid Shaft Using Rigid Connections
This document valid for the following Pro/MECHANICA modes(s):
Integrated
Introduction A 2-D simply supported beam by definition has a pin support at one end and a roller support at the other end. The essential feature of a pin support is that it restrains the beam from translating both vertically and horizontally but does not prevent rotation. As a result a pin joint is capable of developing a reactive force for both vertical and horizontal components, but there will be no moment reaction. A roller support prevents translation in the vertical direction but not in the horizontal direction. The roller also allows free rotation in the same manner as the standard pin joint. Point and curve constraints on solid elements can cause singular stresses. The following procedure illustrates techniques for modeling a solid simply supported shaft using rigid connections in three scenarios. This document is divided into the following sections: 1. Simply supported shaft
2. Simply supported shaft supported by points inside the model 3. Simply supported shaft supported by points outside the model
Procedure
1. The part shown in Figure 1 was created in Pro/ENGINEER.
Figure 1
2. Launch Integrated Mode Mechanica (Applications, Mechanica, Continue, Structure). Create curves
on the end of each shaft as shown in Figure 2. Select (Feature, Datum Curve, Create), Intr. Surfs, and place curves on the ends of the shaft, parallel to the axis of free rotation or in this case parallel to the x-axis of the WCS.
Figure 2
3. Add Rigid Connections on each end surface (Model, Idealizations, Rigid Connection, Create, and
pick an end surface). See Figure 3. Repeat at the other end of the shaft.
Figure 3
4. Add constraints to each of the curves (
Constraints, New, Curve, pick one of the curves). Fix all translations as shown in Figure 4 . Repeat for the other curve. This time, leave the z-translation free also as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
Figure 4
Figure 5
5. Apply loads as shown below in Figure 6. For this particular situation total load at a point was used to
simulate a point load at the center of the shaft.
Figure 6
6. Apply material properties to the model.
7. Figure 7 shows the fringe plot of stress in the ZZ direction and the deformed shape at maximum
displacement.
Figure 7 Figure 8 shows the fringe plot of bending stress and the deformed shape at maximum displacement for a beam element that was modeled as a simply supported shaft.
Figure 8
8. The results from Figure 7 are compared to the results for a straight beam element shown in Figure 8. The straight beam element is a Timoshenko beam element, which is more accurate than traditional beam theory because it includes the effects of transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia.
Element Type Solid Beam (Timoshenko) Bending Stress 157.6 psi 159.2 psi Figure 9 Maximum Displacement 6.157E-06 inch 6.104E-06 inch
It may not be convenient to fix curves on the end surfaces of the shaft. For example, you may wish to fix points inside or outside the model. The following techniques show how this can be accomplished using rigid connections.
Inside model ? example: shaft with bearing supports 1. Create points on each end of the shaft and inside the model ( Create), as shown in Figure 10. Feature, Datum Point,
Figure 10 2. Create surface regions to simulate the bearing supports (Feature, Create, Surf Region, Create,
Sketch), sketch the region and pick the surfaces to split). See Figure 11 and Figure 12.
Figure 11
Figure 12
3. Create springs between the points you created earlier (
Idealizations, Springs, New, Point-Point Pairs, and pick all 4 points). Enter a small extensional stiffness as shown in Figure 13. The model should look like the one in Figure 14. The springs act to connect the model to the internal points. Springs also have the advantage of having 6 degrees of freedom (3 translations and 3 rotations) whereas solid elements only have 3 translations.
Figure 13
Figure 14
4. Add Rigid Connections between each internal point and the bearing surface (Model, Idealizations,
Rigid Connection, Create, and pick an internal point and end surface). See Figure 15. Repeat at the other end of the shaft.
Figure 15
5. Add constraints to each of the internal points (
Constraints, New, Point, pick one of the points). Fix all translations and free all rotations. Repeat for the other point. This time, leave the z-translation free and fix the z-rotation. See Figure 16.
Figure 16 Figure 17 shows the deformation plot from a modal analysis. You can see that the model pivots about the point constraints.
Figure 17 In a similar manner, you can constrain points that lie outside the model as shown in Figure 18.
Figure 18 Download model files prepared for this exercise by selecting the link below: Rigid_Conn.zip
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How can rigid connections be used to model a simply supported solid shaft?

What are the different ways to constrain points inside or outside the model using rigid connections?

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1. The part shown in Figure 1 was created in Pro/ENGINEER.

4. Add constraints to each of the curves (

6. Apply material properties to the model.

3. Create springs between the points you created earlier (

5. Add constraints to each of the internal points (

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