Freud On Coca (Über Coca)
Freud On Coca (Über Coca)
Freud On Coca (Über Coca)
By
Translated by
Steven A. Edminster -Yeu dHrchgueluner und r>er111,:Jc,·t ,.r Stj>a,·at~~<f.'1drnck aus dem
.. Centralhlatt /iir die y,::summte 1'hempir,".
A 2012 Reprint provided of the original 1885 edition of Über Coca. From the University Library of the Medical University of
Vienna made it possible for me to prepare a bilingual of this text. And I have used the English translation of Steven A.
Edminster from the The Cocaine Papers, Dunquin Press, Zurich, 1963.
Other references:
Cocaine Papers By Sigmund Freud edited by Robert Byck, M.D., Stonelhill Publishing Co., New York, 1974;
The Complete Letters of Sigmund Freud to Wilhelm Fliess 1887-1904, edited by Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson, Harvard
University Press, Cambridge, MA., 1985;
Ernst Fleischl von Marxov (1846-1891) by Mikkel Borch-Jakobson, Psychology Today February 7, 2012;
Freud’s Studies on Cocaine, 1884-1887* by Siegfried Bernfeld, IJAP, vol. 32, pt.3. 1951;
Freud, Cocaine, and Sexual Chemistry: The role of cocaine in Freud’s conception of the libido* by Peter Swales, in Sigmund
Freud, Critical Assessments, Vol. 1, edited by Laurence Spurling, Routledge, London and New York, 1989;
Freud’s Self-Analysis by Didier Anzieu, International Universities Press, Madison, CT.,1986;
The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, volume 1; by Ernest Jones, Basic Books, New York, 1953.
The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud edited by James Strachey, Volumes IV-V, The
Interpretation of Dreams, The Hogarth Press, London, 1995.
The major difficulty I had in preparing this bilingual text was that sometimes the English text overflowed the page, cutting off
some of the footnotes. I have remedied this by adding all footnotes to the end of the bilingual, right after page 26.
We know when Freud used cocaine for the first time (Wednesday, April 30, 1884) but we do not know the exact date when he
stopped using cocaine or why. Freud does however state in Letter 49/108 to Fliess on Monday, October 26, 1896 “the cocaine
brush had been completely put aside.” Perhaps it was a Nachträglichkeit (deferred action) of his own self-analysis. Maybe his
use of cocaine was displaced onto an addiction to nicotine—sometimes he smoked twenty cigars a day! Of course, there have
been many theories or explanations written about this. The reason why Freud might have stopped using cocaine is probably
over-determined.
1883 Dec 12WedThe publication of an issue of Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift containing a cautious report on
observations made by a Dr. Theodor Aschenbrandt on Bavarian soldiers during fall maneuvers of that year:
“The Physiological Effect and the Importance of Cocaine.
1884 Apr 21MonSF first mentioned his cocaine studies and reading of Theodor Acshenbrandt’s article on the effect of cocaine
on the human organism. He looks forward to "happy union” (glücklichen Wurf") with the cocaine. He also
intends to use cocaine for Ernst von Fleischl’s morphine withdrawal. he was inspired by an article in the
“Therapeutic Gazette" for this idea; Aschenbrandt (1883); Freud (1960a), p 114; Jones (1960), p 105; Freud-
Josef Meller 08/11/1934 [FM]; The Therapeutic gazette; a monthly journal of general, special and physiological
therapeutics. Detroit, Mich., G. S. Davis et al. 1877-1927.
1884 Apr 21MonSF reads about cocaine for the first time and mentions in a letter to Martha about his interest in cocaine
research (642F)
1884 Apr end of, SF ordered from Merck in Darmstadt 1 gram of cocaine on credit; Jones (1960), p. 104
1884 Apr 30WedSF experiments on himself with cocaine for the first time, (on Walpurgisnacht!) Letter to Martha “I took for
the first time 0.05 gr Cocaine Muriaticum in a 1% watery solution”
1884 May 06Tue SF 28th birthday
1884 May 07WedSF begins cocaine treatment of Ernst Fleischl von Markow as a therapeutic trial to counter-act the withdrawal
symptoms of morphine. SF advises Fleischl to take cocaine orally. But Fleischl later begins to inject it.
1884 May 09Fri SF writes to Martha about his first experiments with cocaine and that Fleischl von Markov is using cocaine
now and hasn’t used morphine in 3 days (664F)
1884 May 12MonSF writes to Martha “With Fleischl things are so sad that I cannot enjoy the cocaine successes at all” & adds
“Whether in one of these attacks he took morphia, I do not know, he denies it, but a morphinist, even if it is
Ernst Fleischl cannot be believed.”
1884 Jun SF asks Josef Pollak, who travels as a ship's doctor on an Austriansteamer, to experiment with cocaine on his
seasick patients. – He strongly recommends to his colleague, the ophthalmologist Leopold
Königstein, to try cocaine on the eyes of his outpatients. Furthermore Karl Koller obtains from SF a sample of
cocaine; Joseph Pollak-N, N. 05.29.1937 [FM]; Sigmund Freud-Josef Meller 08/11/1934 [FM]
1884 Jun 02MonLetter to Martha “woe to you my Princess… big wild man who has cocaine in his body”
1884 Jun 05ThuSF finds in the catalogue of the surgeon general a detailed article about cocaine; Jones (1960), p 105
1884 Jun 05ThuSF is preparing paper on cocaine
1884 Summer SF was standing in the courtyard one day with a group of colleagues, of whom Carl Koller was one, when
another intern passed by showing signs of great pain. Freud told him that he thought he could help him and
they all went to his room, where he applied a few drops of the substance, which made the pain disappear
instantly. “I explained to my friends that this drug was the extract of a South American plant, the coca, which
seemed to have powerful qualities for relieving pain and about which I was preparing a publication. Koller did
not say anything” (Jones, 1953)
1884 Jun 18WedSF finished paper on cocaine (Jul. Centralblatt fűr die gesammte Therapies)
1884 Jun 19ThuLetter to Martha:” Ȕber Coca finished last night” & “before I met you, I didn’t know the joy (Freude?) of
living”
1884 Jul 01TueHeitler published SF’s Ȕber Coca, in Jul 1884 issue of the Centralblatt
1884 Aug 13WedMartha writes to SF that she has taken half the coca powder which he gave her with water and “I felt a very
pleasant and refreshing feeling” (749B)
1884 Aug 14ThuSF advises Leopold Königstein to try something similar to Koller (experiment with cocaine on the eyes of
animals)
1884 Aug 31SunSF mentions to Josef Breuer about using cocaine in eye diseases, but Breuer was skeptical
1884 Sep 1-2Mon-TueSF travels to Wandsbek for a 1 month vacation with his fiancée, Martha Bernays
1884 Sep early Carl Koller & Gustav Gärtner, in Stricker’s Institute of Pathological Anatomy perform experiments on the
eyes of a frog, rabbit, and dog, and then on their own eyes, to find that cocaine anesthetizes the eye
1884 Sep 15MonKoller’s paper about the use of cocaine for anesthesia for eye operations is read at the Opthamological
Congress in Heidelberg by Dr. Josef Brettauer who demonstrated the experiments before the participants.
1884 Oct early Leopold Königstein and SF enucleate a dog’s eye with cocaine
1884 Oct 10Fri Letter to Martha-- told her about Koller getting credit for discovery of the anaesthetic properties of cocaine
for eye operations (lion’s share letter) Koller, a colleague of from SF’s early student days had been just
treated privately for a neurotic affection by SF. (Letter to Martha, April 4, 1885)
1884 Oct 17Fri Koller read a definite and thorough presentation before the Physicians’ Society of Vienna. This paper appeared
in the Vienna Medical Journal the following week. Königstein got up during the discussion and announced
that his experiments had shown the usefulness of cocaine in the treatment of certain eye amictions and in local
anesthesia.
1884 Nov 01Sat“Cocaine” published by SF published in Medical News, Philadelphia, 45 1884)
1884 Nov 09Sun experiment w. professor Josef Herzig w. cocaine on himself w. dynamometer
1884 Nov 10MonSF does an all day experiment on himself by means of the Dynamometer
1884 Nov 11Tue SF reported in a letter to his fiancée having had “such a sharp dream, quite different from the blurred, gentle
Dreams which one usually has: a dream in which Freud found himself convinced that actually he was not
dreaming. He had ingested a new cocaine-derivative, ecgonin, immediately before having this dream; and by
by the fact that, on the two days or so previous, he had consumed at least 0.2 grams plus “a small
indeterminate of cocaine, possibly even much more plus the possible cumulative impact of the cocaine over the
six month period during which he had been using the drug. (Freud, Cocaine & Sexual Chemistry by Peter
Swales)
1884 Nov 26WedSF experiments on himself with cocaine
1884 Nov 27ThuSF experiments on himself with cocaine
1884 Nov 28Fri SF experiments on himself with cocaine
1884 Dec St. Louis Medical & Surgical Journal publish a digested translation of “On Coca”
1884 Dec 04Thuexperiment w. professor Josef Herzig; Well-being. No cocaine.
1884 Dec 06Sat Hall & W. Halstead report that injection of cocaine into a nerve blocks conduction of sensation
1885 Jan SF tried to relieve his pain of trigeminal neuralgia by injecting cocaine
1885 Jan 05MonSF visited prof. Joseph Weinlechner and Josef Standhartner, for permission to use neuralgia injections in their
department of surgery
1885 Jan 06Tueduel between Dr. Carl Koller & Dr. Friedrich Zinner, over an anti-Semitic incident two days before, (Jan.4th)
Freud’s colleague, Koller won. As a result of this duel, Koller felt he had no future in Vienna and eventually
moved to Holland, London, and eventually in May 1888, to the United States.
1885 Jan 06Tue Letter to Martha about Koller’s victory. He also announced to his fiancée that he wanted to see if one could
relieve facial neuralgias by injecting cocaine directly into the nerve, adding: “and maybe even Fleischl can be
helped. [...] If only I could take away his pain”
1885 Jan 31Sat SF’s experimental paper, Contribution to Knowledge of Effect of Cocaine is released
1885 Feb? SF gives a copy to of Contribution to Knowledge of Effect of Cocaine to Carl Koller, with the inscription: “To
my dear friend, Coca Koller”
1885 Feb A separate reprint of Freud’s first paper, Über Coca, is published with some additions (Addenda).
1885 Mar 03TueSF lecture “On General Effect of Cocaine” at the Physiological Club in Vienna
1885 Mar 05ThuSF lecture “On General Effect of Cocaine (applied internally)” at the Psychiatric Union in Vienna. Freud
contradicts his advice to administer cocaine only orally, and not by injection when he stated referring to the
treatment of morphinists he had said: “I would . . . . advise without hesitation . . . . to give cocaine in
subcutaneous injections of 0.03 to 0.05 grms. per dose and not to shrink from an accumulation of doses”
1885 Apr Fleischl von Marxov is now consuming large quantities of cocaine
1885 Apr SF commisioned by the American firm, Parke, Davis & Co, to compare their cocaine preparation with that of
Merck’s of Darmstadt
1885 Apr 01Wed“About the General Effect of Cocaine” is published in Zeitschrift für Therapie mit Einbeziehung der Electro-und
Hydrotherapie. Central-Organ für praktische Ärzte, Bd.3
1885 Apr 06MonCarl Koller, Leopold Königstein, and SF operate on Freud’s father’s eyes—he has glaucoma and they use
cocaine as the anaesthesia for the operation on the eyes
1885 Apr 10Fri Fleischl was in a state beyond description. He went constantly from “the clearest despair up to the most
exuberant joy over bad jokes”
1885 May 06WedFreud’s 29th birthday.
1885 May 21ThuBreuer, Exner and Freud took turns spending the night with him. Freud took cocaine himself to stay awake:
“His talk, his explanations of all kinds of difficult things, [...] his manifold activities interrupted by states of the
most complete exhaustion relieved by morphia and cocaine: all that makes an ensemble that cannot be
described”
1885 Jun 04Thu Freud & Breuer spend the night with Fleischl and his DT’s from cocaine
1885 Jun 08Mon SF wrote to Martha that cocaine had harmed Fleischl and warned her about its bad effects
1885 Jun 26Fri Freud wrote to Martha: “Since I have given him the cocaine, he has been able to suppress the faints and he
could better control himself, but he took it in such monstrous quantities (1,800 Marks for cocaine in three
months, about a gram a day) that in the end he suffered from chronic intoxication”
1885 Jul 01WedAlbrecht Erlenmeyer’s first attack on Freud’s theory of cocaine calling it “the third scourge of
humanity”(alcohol & opium being the first & second) in an article, Über die Wirkung des Cocaïn bei der
Morphiumentziehung in the Centralblatt für Nervenheilkunde, Psychiatrie und gerichtliche Psychopathologie, 8th
year, no. 13
1885 Jul 09Thu Freud publishes “Bemerkungen über Cocaïnsucht und Cocainfurcht” (Remarks on Craving For and Fear of
Cocaine) in answer to Erlenmeyer’s critique-he backs off somewhat from his previous position about the
harmlessness of cocaine. SF states quite rightly that he had advocated only the oral injestion of cocaine,
whereas addiction had resulted from hypodermic injection. Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift, Nr. 28.
1885 Aug 07Fri“On General Effect of Cocaine (applied internally)” the lecture given at the Psychiatric Union in Vienna on
March 5, 1885 is published
1885 Aug 09SunSF’s “About the Different Cocaine Preparations and Their Effects” published in Wiener medizinische Presse
Bd. 26
1885 Aug 14-18Fri-TueCopenhagen Medical Conference; Heinrich Obersteiner read his article ‘On the Employment of Cocaine
in Neurosis and Psychosis” in which he warmly defended Freud.
1886 Jan 01FriWhile in Paris, SF wrote a letter to Koller while translating Charcot: “It has been approximately one year since
I noticed, for the first time, you were a valuable individual. Great discoveries are always made by great men”.
1886 Jan 11Mon Obersteiner had remarked in a paper on intoxication-psychoses “that since the use of cocaine had become
frequent, several cases of chronic intoxication had occurred similar to the alcohol delirium and especially
characterized by the hallucination of tiny animals crawling over the patient’s skin”
1886 Jan 19Tue 1st Soirée at Charcot’s home (217 Blvd St. Germain); “a little cocaine to untie my tongue”:
1886 Jan 26Tue 2nd Soirée at Charcot’s home. “”I quite calm with the help of a small dose of cocaine” Freud then goes on to tell
Martha that the evening went very well and he attributes his success with Charcot to cocaine: “These were my
achievements (or rather the achievements of cocaine), which left me very satisfied.”
1886 Feb 02 Tue 3rd Soirée at Charcot’s home. “It was so boring I nearly burst; only the bit of cocaine prevented me from
doing so.” “The bit of cocaine I have just taken has made me very talkative, my little woman…[two pages
later]…here I am making silly confessions to you, my sweet darling, really without whatever unless it is the
cocaine that makes me talk so much…”
1886 Feb 20Sat SF meets Dr. Hermann Knapp in the ophthalmological room at the Salpêtrière. When SF gave him his card,
he exclaimed “Could you be Dr. F. from Vienna? I’ve known your name for a long time, from your
publications, especially the one on cocaine.”
1886 Apr 05Mon Upon his return to Vienna, Freud told Martha that “Fleischl looks miserable, more like a corpse”
1886 Apr 07Wed “He [Fleischl] hallucinates constantly and it will probably not be possible to let him remain in society for much
longer”.
1887 May SF visited Teplitz near Karlsbad in order to give an authoritative opinion on the illness of Carl Koller’s uncle-
Peter Swales
1886 May31MonAlbrecht Erlenmeyer’s second attack on of Freud’s theory of cocaine published as Über Cocainsucht, in
Deutsche Medizinal-Zeitung
1887 Jul 09Fri SF’s“Remarks About Cocaine Addiction and Fear of Cocaine” Published in Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift
37(1887, Nr 28. Freud addresses Albrecht Erlenmeyer’s second attack on Freud’s cocaine theory. SF
maintains that since morphine addicts have already become weakened, they are especially subject to cocaine
addiction and that cocaine has taken no other victims from us.
1887 Sep 13Tue SF writes to Carl Koller advising his friend whom he supposed to be subject to “neurasthenia”: “Matters will
never be right with you until you have your own wife and home” (Peter Swales)
1887 Nov16Wed,approximate. SF meets Wilhelm Fliess for the 1st time at Breuer’s home.
1891 Oct 22Thu Fleischl died of heart seizure at 45 yrs old. SF saw the corpse at his bedside.
1893 May30TueLtr 12/24 to Fliess; “a short time ago I interrupted (for one hour) a severe migraine of my own with cocaine;
the effect set in only after I cocainized the opposite side as well; but then it do so promptly.”
1895 Jan 24Thu Ltr x/53 to Fliess who is already back in Berlin “I am postponing the full expression of my gratitude and the
discussion of what share the operation had in this unprecedented improvement until we see what happens
next”; after a good period which immediately succeeded the reaction, that a few viciously bad days had
followed during which a cocainization of the left nostril had helped me to an amazing extent, I now continue my
report. The next day I kept the nose under cocaine, which one should not really do, that is, I really painted it to
prevent the renewed occurrence of swelling; during this time I discharged what in my experience is a copious
amount of thick pus; and since then I have felt wonderful.”(written a few days after Fliess operated on Freud’s
nose on approximately Jan 17, 1895 in Vienna)
1895 Feb 25Mon Ltr x/54 to Fliess about Chrobak’s report in the Wiener allgemeine Zeitung about Fliess’s experiments to
Eliminate or diminish labor pains in birth by the use of cocaine on the parts of the nose
1895 Apr 26Fri Ltr xx/62 to Fliess; “Something strange but not unpleasant has happened to me. I put a noticeable end to the
last horrible attack with cocaine; since then things have been fine and a great amount of pus is coming out.
Evidently I have an empyema of the sphenoidal bone on the left, which makes me very happy.”
1895 Apr 27Sat Ltr 23/63 to Fliess; “Since the last cocainization three circumstances have continued to coincide: (1) I feel well;
(2) I am discharging ample amounts of pus; (3) I am feeling very well.
1895 May 06MonFreud’s 39th birthday
1895 Jun 12WedLtr 25/65 to Fliess “I am overflowing with new ideas, theoretical ones as well”; “I am feeling I to IIa. I need a
lot of cocaine. Also I have started smoking again, moderately in the last 2 to 3 weeks”
1895, Jul 24WedSF has The Dream of Irma’s Injection; The Interpretation of Dreams; pages 106-121,
1895 Aug or Sep Wilhelm Fliess operates for the second time on SF’s nose while he is in Berlin
1896 Oct 26Mon Ltr 49/108 to Fliess; Martha is in Berlin with the Fliess family; “Next time I shall write more and in greater
detail; incidentally, the cocaine brush has been completely put aside.”
1898 Jan 30SunLtr x/156 to Fliess; “Perhaps you do not know that Arthur Schiff is now repeating your cocaine experiments in
cases of dysmenorrheal and has confirmed every single detail.”
1898, Mar10ThuSF has the dream of The Botanical Monograph; The Interpretation of Dreams, pages 169-176; 281-4.
1898 Apr 02Sat Salomon Stricker died. (Freud’s work on cocaine was done in Stricker’s laboratory).
1898 Apr 14Thu Ltr 88/164 to Fliess; The last issue of the Wiener klinische Rundschau contained a review of your book (The
Relationship Between the Nose and the Female Sexual Organs) by a certain Ry. “After one has laboriously
worked one’s way through this work, which is quite voluminous, one retains in memory only a single
positive assertion—that it is possible to remove labor pains by the cocainization of certain parts of the nasal
mucosa.”
1898 May 06Fri Freud’s 42nd birthday
1901 Jan 25Fri Ltr 140/261 to Fliess; “If it took about three and a half years for people to duplicate your cocaine experiment in
dysmenorrhea, you now have a unit of measurement to calculate when they will check the product of 28 x 23.
Richard G. Klein
June 1, 2020, revised May 25, 2022
New York City
The COCAINE PAPERS -OBER COCA.
by
DR SIGM. FREUD
Paper 1 Secundararzt im k. k. Allgemeinen Krankenhause
in Wien.
ON COCA e
pfas
S TEVEN A. EDMINSTER
1963 -1
DUNQUIN PRESS
example of the manner in which cocaine dispels extreme fatigue and Ein eclatant_es Beispiel von Aufhebung hochgradiger Mlidigkeit
a well justified feeling of hunger; at 6:00 p.m. this colleague, who had und wohl berecl1tigten Hungergefuhls konnte icb an einem viel be-
not eaten since the early morning and who had worked exceedingly schii.ftigten Collegen beobachten, der, seit frtihem Morgen nuchtern,
hard during the day, took 0.05 gram of cocainum muriaticum. A nach angestrengter Thatigkeit um ti Uhr .A.bends 0·05 Coca1n mur.
few minutes later he declared that he felt as though he had just eaten nahm. Er erklii.rte einige Minuten spii.ter, dass er sich fiihle als ob
er vou einer reichen Tafel aufgestanden sei, wollte nicht z~ Nacht
an ample meal, that he had no desire for an evening meal1 and that
essen und hielt sich fiir kTiiftig, einen weiten Weg zu gehen.
he felt strong enough to undertake a long walk. Diese stimulirende Wirkung der Coca. ist durch eine Reihe
This stimulative effect of coca is vouched for beyond any doubt vertrauenswurdiger l\Iittl1eiluugen, auch aus den letzten Jahren,
by a series of reliable reports, some of which are quite recent. unzweifelhaft bezeugt.
By way of an experiment, Sir Robert Christison 53-who is 78 years Der 78jah1ige Sir Roh er t Chris tis on 1 ermtidete sich
old-tired himself to the point of exhaustion by walking 15 miles zum Zwecke des Versuches bis zur Erschopfuna durch einen Weo-
von 15 engl. Meilen, ohne NaJirung zu sich zu ;ehmen. Er wiede;
without partaking of food. After several days he repeated the procedure holte ~ies nach einigen Tagen mit dem gleichen Ergebniss; wiihrend
with the same result; during the third experiment he chewed 2 des dntten Versuches kaute er 2 Drachmen Cocablatter, 16t,"1:e nun
drachms of coca leaves and was able to complete the walk without the denselben Weg oJme a.Ile Besch werden zurlick fiililte nach Hause
exhaustion experienced on the earlier occasions; when he arrived home, zur[ickgekehrt, trotz 9sttindiger Abstinenz wed~r Hun,r~r noch Durst
despite the fact that he had been for ·rune hours without food or drink, und wachte am nachsten .Morgen ohne Gefiihl von Ermlidung auf.
he experienced no hunger or thirst, and woke the next morning with- 1 ~t llleiner Selbstbeoba.chtnng stimmt am bestcn, was Wilder (Detroit
Therapeutic. Gazatte, Nov. 1882) von sich berichtct.
out feeling at all tired. I 1 0bsen-atious on the effect of Cuca, or coca etc. British Medical
52 Wilder's account of the effects of cocaine on himself coincide most closelv Journal, 187G.
with my own observations. (Detroit Therapeutic Gazette, N ov., 1882).
53 "Observations on the effect of Cuca, or coca, etc.", British Medical journal,
On yet another occasion he climbed a 3000 foot
mountain and arrived completely exhausted at the summit; he made the 14
descent under the influence of coca, with youthful vigor and no
feeling of fatigue. Er bestieg ein andermal einen 3000 Fuss hohen Berg, auf dessen
G-ipfel er vollig erschopft anlangte; den Abstieg . machte er unter
Clemens 54 and J. Colian 55 have had similar e:is.--periences-the latter der Einwirkung der Coca mit jugendlicher Frische ohne alle Ermlidung.
after walking for several hours over snow; Mason 56 calls coca . "an Aehnliche Wirkungen haben Clem ens 1 nnd J. C ollan 2 an
excellent thing for a long walk"; Aschenbrandt 57 reported recently sich erfahren, letzterer wahrend mehrstilndiger Wanderungen fiber
how Bavarian soldiers, weary as a result of hardships and debilitating Schnee; Mas on 3 nennt Coca ,,an excellent thing for a long walk"
illnesses, were neverthless capable, after taking coca, of participating und A s ch e n b r a n d t * hat unlangst berichtet , wie baierische
in maneuvres and marches. Moreno y Maiz 58 was able to stay awake Soldaten, die unter dem Einfluss von Strapazen und entkraftenden
Krankheiten marode geworden waren, nacb Cocaverabreichung im
whole nights with the aid of coca; Mantegazza remained for 40 hours Staude waren, die Uebungen und Ma.rsche mitzumachen. Mo reno y
without food. We are, therefore, justified in assuming that the effect Maiz 6 konnte bei Cocagebrauch ganze Nachte durchwa.chen, Mante-
of coca on Europeans is the same as that which the coca leaves have gazz a blieb unter dem Einfluss der Coca 40 Stunden ohne Nahrung.
on the Indians of South America. Wir sind also berechtigt anzunebmen, dass die Wirkung des Coca.ins
The effect of a moderate dose of coca fades away so gradually that, auf Europa.er die gleiche ist, wie die der Cocablatter auf die Indianer
Siidamerikas.
in normal circumstances, it is ·difficult to define its duration. If one
works intensively while under the influence of coca, after from three Die Wirkung einer massigen Dosis Coca.Yn klingt so allmalig
-ab, dass es schwer halt, unter gewohnlicllen Verhii.ltnissen ihre
to five hours there is a decline in the feeling of well-being, and a Dauer zu bestimmen. Wenn man im CocaYnzustand intensiv arbeitet,
further dose of coca is necessary in order to ward off fatigue. The effect tri.tt nach 3-5 Stunden ein Nachfass des Wohlbefindens ein, und
of coca seems to last longer if no heavy muscular work is undertaken. man bedarf einff weiteren Gabe Coca, um sich von Ermudung fern-
Opinion is unanimous that the euphoria induced by coca is not followed :zuhalten. Wenn man nicht schwere Muskelarbeit leistet, scheint
die Cocawirh7lng Hi.nger anzuhalten. Ganz iibereinstimmend wird be-
by any feeling of lassitude or other state of depression. I should be
richtet, dass der Coca-Euphorie kein Zustand von Ermattung oder
inclined to think that after moderate doses (0.05-0.10 gram) a anderweitiger Depression folgt. Ich mochte 1m Gegentheile glauben,
part at least of the coca effect lasts for over 24 hours. In my own case, dass ein Theil der Cocawirkung bei massi~en Dosen (0·05-0·10
at any rate, I have noticed that even on the day after taking coca my gr.) iibet 24 Stunden anhalt. Wenigstens babe ich an mir noeh am Tage
condition compares favorably with the norm. I should be inclined to ' nach der Coca-Einna.hme einen Zustand beobachtet, welcher sich gtinstig·
explain the possibility of a lasting gain in strength, such as has often von dem gewohnten unterschied, und ich mochte mir aus der Summirung
solcher Nachwirkungen die Moglichkeit einer dauernden Kraftigung,
been .claimed for coca, by the totality of such effects. die oftmals behauptet wurde, erkHiren.
It seems probable, in the light of reports which I shall refer to later, Dass CocaYn bei langerem massigen Gebrauch keine Storung
that coca, if used protractedly but in moderation, is not detrimental to im Organismus setzt, ist nach spater mitzutheilenden Eeobachtungen
the body. Von Anrep treated animals for 30 days with moderate doses wahrscheinlich. v. A n r e p hat Thiere 30 Tage Jang mit massigen
of cocaine and detected no detrimental effects on their bodily functions. Coca.Yngaben behandelt, ohne dergleichen nachtheilige Beeinflussungen
der Korperfunctionen wahrzunehmen. Bemerkenswerth erscheint mir,
It seems to me noteworthy-and I discovered this in myself and in was ich an mir selbst und anderen urtheilsfahigen Beobachtern er-
other observers who were caJ?able of judging such things-that a first fahren habe, dass nach der ersten oder wiederholten Coca-Einnahme
dose or even repeated doses r durchaus kein VerJangen nach weiterem Cocagebrauch eintritt, viel-
54 "Experiences in connection with the therapeutic use of coca leaves", Deutsche 1 Erfahru.ngen ilhcr die tbcrap. Verwendung der Cocablatter. Deutsche
Klinik, 1867. Klinik, 1807.
2 J. Collan, finska llUraresiillsk. handl. XX .. 1878 nal'h Schmidt's Jahr-
55 Colian, J.: Finska lakaresallsk. handl. XX, 1878-from Schmidt's Yearbooks, biichern, 87, 1880.
87, 1880. • Erythrox)'lon Coca itl! physiological effec-ts etc. Boston l\IediCRJ and Sur-
56 « Erythroxylon coca; its physiological effects, etc.", Boston Medical and gical Journal 188:.!.
Surgical journal, 1882. • Die physiologische "\Virku.ng und Bedeutung dos Coca1n. muriat. auf den
57
menschlichen Orga.nismns. Beobachtungeu wilhreud Iler Rorbstilbnngen des ,Jahres
"The physiological effects of coca"inum muriaticum on the human body and 1883 beim III. baierischen Armee-Co111s. Deutsche medkinische Wochenschrift,
their significance. Observations carried out during the autumn maneuvres 12. Dec. 1883.
~ I. c.
of the Third Bavarian Army Corps in 1883", Deutsche med. Wochenschrift,
12 December, 1883.
of coca produce no compulsive desire to \
use the stimulant further; on the contrary, one feels a certain \ 15
unmotivated aversion to the substance. This circumstance may be partly
responsible for the fact that coca, despite some warm recommendations, mehr eher eine gewisse, nicht motivirte, Abneigung gegen das Mittel.
. has not established itself in Europe as a stimulant. \ Vielleicht hat dieser Umstand dazu beigetragen, dass die Coca trotz
einiger warmer Empfehlungen in Europa sich keinen Platz als
The effect of large doses of coca was investigated by Mantegazza
Genussmittel erworben hat.
in experiments on himself. He succeeded in achieving a state of greatly Die Wirkung grosser Dosen Coca ist von Mante g a z z a au
increased happiness accompanied by a desire for complete immobility; der eigenen Person gepl'iift worden. Er gedeth dabei in einen Zu-
this was interrupted occasionally, however, by the most violent urge to stand von enorm erhohtem, gliicklichem Lebensgefiihl mit Neigung
move. The analogy with the results of the animal experiments per- zur volligen Unbeweglichkeit, welche aber zeitweise dureh den
formed by von Anrep is unmistakable. When he increased the dose still heftigsten Bewegungsdrang unterbroelien wurde. Die Analogie mit
den Ergebnissen der Thierversuche von Anrep ist dabei unver-
further he remained in a sopore beato: his pulse rate was extremely kennbar. Bei weiterer Steigerung der Dosis verblieb er unter
high and there was a moderate rise in body temperature; he found that excessiver Pulsfrequenz urnl massiger Erhohung der Korpertemperatur
. his speech was impeded and his handwriting unsteady; and eventually in einem ,,sopore beato a, fand seine Sprache gestort, seine Schrift un-
he experienced the most splendid and colorful hallucinations, the tenor sicher und bekam endlich die glanzendsten und reichhaltigsten Hallu-
of which was frightening for a short time, but invariably qieerful there- cinationen, die fiir kurze Zeit schreckhaften, dann bestiindig heiteren
after. This coca intoxication, too, failed to produce any state of depres- Inhalt batten. Auch dieser Cocai'nrausch hinterliess keine Depression
und keine .Anzeicheu einer iiberstandenen Intoxication. Moreno y
sion, and left no sign whatsoever that the experimenter had passed M aiz hat ebenfalls nach grosseren Dosen Coca heftigen Antrieb zu
through a period of intoxication. Moreno y Maiz also experienced a Bewegungen beobachtet. Eine Bewuset.seinsstorung stellte sich bei
similar powerful compulsion to move after taking fairly large doses of Mantegazza selbst nach Verbra.uch von 18 Drachmen Cocabliitter
coca. Even after using 18 drachms of coca leaves Mantegazza ex- nicht ein; ein Apotheker, der um sich zu vergiften 1·5 Gramm
perienced no impairment of full consciousness. A chemist who at- Cocai'n genommen hatte 11 erkt·ankte unter den Erscheinungen einer
Gastroenteritis ohne Triibung des Bewusstseins.
tempted to poison himself by taking 1.5 grams of cocaine 59 became
sick and showed symptoms of gastroenteritis, but there was no dulling VI. Die therapeutische Anwendung der Coca.
of the consciousness. Es konnte nid1t fehlen, dass eine Pflanze, deren Genuss solche
als wunderbar angestaunte Wirkungen ausserte, dort, wo sie ein-
VI. THE THERAPEUTIC USES OF COCA
heimisch ist, auch gegen die verschiedeno.rtigsten Storungen und
It was inevitable that a plant which had achieved such a reputation l(rankheiten des Organismus zur Anwendung gezogen wnrde. In
for marvelous effects in its country of origin should have been used to iihnlieher Weise uneingeschrankt war die Empfehlung der Coca von
treat the most varied disorders and illnesses of the human body. The Seiten der ersten Europaer, welche auf diesen Schatz der einge-
first Europeans who became aware of this treasure of the native popul- borenen Bevolkerung aufmerksam wurden. Mantegazza l1at spater
ation were similarly unreserved in their •recommendation of coca. On auf Grund einer breiten arztlichen Erfahnmg eine Reihe von thera-
the basis of wide medical experience, Mantegazza later drew up a list peutischen lndicationen fiir die Coca aufgestellt, von denen bald die
eine, bald die andere Zustimrnung bei anderen Aerzten gefunden
of the therapeutic properties of coca, which one by one received the hat. Ich ha.be mich im Folgenden bemfiht, die in der Literatnr vor-
acknowledgement of other doctors. In the following section I have handenen Empfehhmgen der Coca zusammenzustellen und dabei <lie
tried to collate the recommendations concerning coca, and, in doing auf Erfolge an Kra11ken gegriindeten von jenen zu t:rennen, die aus
so, to distinguish between recommendations based ·on successful treat- rler Erwagung der physiologischen Cocawirkung hergeleitet sind. Im
ment of illnesses and those which relate to the psychological effects of Allgemeinen iiberwiegen die letzteren. In Nordamerika scheinen die
Cocapraparate gegeowa.rtig einer grossen Verwendung und Anerken-
the stimulant. In general the latter outweigh the former. At present nung entgegen zu sehen, wahrend sie in Europa der Mehrzahl der
there seems to be some promise of widespread recognition and use of Aerzte kaum dem Namen nach bekannt geworden sind. Die ungiin-
coca preparations in North America, while in Europe doctors scarcely st:igen Erfolge, von denen bald nach Einfiihrung der Coea in Europa
know them by name. The failure of coca to take hold in Europe, which berichtet wurde, die zweifelhafte Giite, die Seltenheit und der hohe
in my opinion is unmerited, can perhaps be attributed to , reports of Preis der Praparate erklaren diese Zuriicksetzung der Coca in Europa,
welche nach meiner Ueberzeugung eine unverdiente ist. Von den In-
unfavorable consequences attendant upon its use, whiqi appeared shortly
1 P Io s a, Zeitschrift filr Chirurgie, 1863.
after its introduction into Europe; or to the doubtful quality of the
preparati()ns, their relative scarcity and consequent high price. Some
of the evidence which can be found in favor of the use of. coca has
been proved valid beyond any doubt, whereas some warrants at least
an unprejudiced investigation. Merk's cocaine and its salts are, as has 16
been proved, preparations which have the full or at least the essential
effects of coca leaves. dicationen, die sich filr den Cocagebrauch aufstelten lassen, sind
einige ganz unzweifelhaft sichergesteJlt, andere verdienen mindestens
a) Coca as a stimulant. The main use of coca will undoubtedly re- eine vorurtheilslose Pliifung. Das Merck'sche Cocarn und dessen Salze
main that which the Indians have made of it for centuries: it is of sind, wie nachgewiesen wurde, Priiparate, denen die volle oder doch
value in all cases where the primary aim is to increase the physical die wesentliche Wirkung der Cocablatter zukommt.
capacity of the body for a given short period of time and to hold a) Coca als Stimulans. Die hauptsachlichste Anwendung
strength in reserve to meet further demands-especially when outward der Coca wird wohl die bleiben, welche die Indianer seit Jahrhunderten
circumstances exclude the possibility of obtaining the rest and nourish- von ihr gemacht haben : iiberall dort, wo es darauf ankommt, die
ment normally necessary for great exertion. Such situations arise in physische Leistungsfahigkeit des Korpers fiir eine gegebene kurze
Zeit zu erl1ohen und fttr neue Anforderungen zu erhalten, be-
wartime, on journeys, during mountain climbing and other expeditions, sonders wenn aussere Verhaltnisse eine der grosseren Arbeit ent-
etc.-indeed, they are situations in which the alcoholic stimulants are sprechende Rnhe und Nalmmgsaufnahme verhindern. So im Kriege,
also generally recognized as being of value. Coca is a far more potent auf Reisen, Bergbesteignngen, Expeditionen u. dgl., wo ja auch die
and far less harmful stimulant than alcohol, .and its widespread utili- Alkoholfoa einen allgemein anerkannten Werth haben. Die Coca ist
zation is hindered at present only by its high cost. Bearing in mind ein weit kraftigeres und unschadlicheres Stimulans als der Alkohol
the effect .of coca on the natives of South America, a medical authority und ihrer Anwendung in grossem Massst.abe steht derzeit nur ihr
hoher Preis im Wege. Von der Wirkung der Coca auf die Ein-
as early as Pedro Crespo (Lima, 1793) recommended its use by gebornen Sildamerikas ausgehend, hat schon der alte arztliche Autor
European navies; Neudorfer ( 1870), Clemens ( 1867) and Surgeon- P e d r o Crespo (Lima I 793) die Einfiilirung der Coca in die
Major E. Charles ro recommended that it should be adopted by the europa.ische Marine, eben~o Neudorfer (1870), Clemens (1867)
armies of Europe as well; and Aschenbrandt's experiences should not und Surgeon-Major E. Charles tin die europaischen Heere empfohlen,
fail to draw the attention of army administrators to coca. If cocaine is und .Asch en brand t's Erfahrungen diirften nicht verfehlen, die .Auf-
merksamkeit der Heeresleitungen auf die Coca zu lenken. Wenn man
given as a stimulant, it is better that it should be given in · small
Cocain als Stimulan.s giht, wird man am besten kleine wirksame
effective doses (0.05-0.10 gram) and repeated so often that the Dosen (0·05-0·10 gr.) so oft wiederholen, <lass die Wirkung der
effects of the doses overlap. Apparently cocaine is not stored in the einen an die der andei-en anlmilpft. Eine .Anllaufung des CocaYns im
body; I have already stressed the fact that there is no state of depres- Korper scheint nicht stattzufinden; das vollige Ausbleiben von Depres-
sion when the effects of coca have worn off., sionszustanden nach der Cocawirkung ist bereits betont worden.
At present it is impossible to assess with any certainty to what extent Wie vie] man von der Coca zur Erholmng der geistigen Leistungs-
coca can be expected to increase human mental powers. I have the fahigkeit erwa1ten darf, !asst sich jetzt nicht mit einiger Sicherheit
beurtheilen.. Ich habe den Ein<lruck empfungen , dass langerer C11ca-
impression that protracted use of coca can lead to a lasting improvement gebrauch eine anhaltende Besserung herbeifiibren kann, wo die Hem-
if the inhibitions manifested before it is taken are due only to physical mung nur durcb korperliche Ursachen und Ermiidung gegeben ist.
causes or to exhaustion. To be sure, the instantaneous effect of a dose Die momentane Wirkuug einer Gabe Coca darf man :freilich nicht
of coca cannot be compared with that of a morphine injection; but, on mit der einer Morphin-Injection vergleichen, aber dafiir wird man die
the good side of the ledger, there is no danger of general damage to durch den chronischen Morphingebrauch verursachte allgemeine
Schadigung des Organismus nicht befiirchten miissen.
the body as is the case with the chronic use of morphine.
Vielen Aerzten schieu das Cocain berufen, eine Liicke im .Arznei-
Many doctors felt that coca would play an important role by filling . schatz der Psychiatrie auszufiillen, welcher bekanntlich fiber genug
a gap in the medicine chest of the psychiatrists. It is a well known Mittel verfiigt, die erhohte Erregung der Nervencentren herabzusetzen,
fact that psychiatrists have an ample supply of drugs at their disposal a,ber kein Mittel kennt, die herabgesetzte 'l'hatigkeit derselben zu
for reducing the excitation of nerve centers, but none which could erhohen. Demnach ist die Coca gegen die verschiedenartigsten psychi-
sehen Schwachezustande empfohlen worden; gegen Hysterie, Hypochon-
serve to increase the reduced functioning of the nerve centers. Coca
drie, melancholische Hem.mung, Stupor u. dgl. Es werden auch einige
has consequently been prescribed for the most diverse kinds of psychic Erfolge berichtet; so erzii.hlt der Jesuit .A.ntonio Julian (Lima
debility-hysteria, hypochondria, melancholic inhibition, stupor, and 1787), dass ein gelehrter Missionar durch Coca von seiner hochgra-
similar maladies. Some successes have been reported: for instance, the 1 Philadelphia Medical and Surgical Reporter 1883.
Jesuit, Antonio Julian (Lima, 1787) tells of a learned m.issionarv who
was freed from severe hypochondria; Mantegazza praises coca as being
almost universally effective in improving those functional disorders
which we now group together under the name of neurasthenia; Fliess- 17
burg 61 reports e:xcellent results from the use of coca in cases of digen Hypochondrie befreit wurde; Man t e g a z z a rilhmt die Coca
"nervous prostration"; and according to Caldwell62 , it is the best tonic als fast immer wirksam in jenen Fallen von funetionelfon Storungen,
for hysteria. die wir jetzt mit dem Namen der Neurasthenie deeken; Fliess burg 1
E. Morselli and G. Buccola 63 carried out experiments involving the hat die Coca ausgezeiclmete Dienste in Fallen von "nervous prostration"
systematic dispensation of cocaine, over a period of months, to melan- geleistet, nach C a Id w e 11 9 ist sie das beste Tonicum bei Hysteria.
Versuche mit systematischer, tiber Monate fortgesetzter Verab-
cholics. They gave a preparation of cocaine, as prescribed by Tromms- reichung des Cocams haben E. Morse 11 i und G. Bucco 1a 8 an
dorf, in subcutaneous injections, in doses ranging from 0.0025 to 0.10 Melancholikern angestellt. Sie gaben ein von Trommsdorf darge-
gram per dose. After one or two months they confirmed a slight stelltes Cocain in subcutaner Injection, 0·0025-0·10 pro dosi. Nach
improvement in the condition of their patients, who became happier, 1-2 Monaten constatirten sie an ihren Kranken Ieichte Besserung,
took nourishment, and enjoyed regular digestion 64• indem dieselben heitereT wurden, Nahrung zu sich nahmen und sich
On the whole, the efficacy of coca in cases of nervous and psychic einer geregelten Verdauung erfreuten. t
Im Ganzen ist die Indication der Coca bei den nervosen nnd
debility needs further investigation, which will probably lead to psycl1ischen Scbwachezustanden weiterer Untersuchung bedtirftig,
partially favorable conclusions. According to Mantegazza coca is of die wahrscheinlich zu einem theilweise glinstigen Ergebniss fiihren
no use, and is sometimes even dangerous, in cases of organic change wird. Bei organischen Veranclerungen und Entziindungszusranden· im
and inflammation of the nervous system. Nervensystem ist Coca nach Mantegazz a nutzlos, mitunter gefahrlich.
b) The use of coca for digestive disorders of the stomach. This is b) Coca in Stornngen der Magenverdauung. Diese
the oldest and most firmly founded use of coca, and at the same time
Anwendung der Coca ist die alteste und am besten gereehtfertigte,
.zugleich unserem Verstiindniss am meisten nahegeriickt. Nach den
it is the most comprehensible to us. According to the unanimous as- iibereinstimmenden .Angaben der altesten wie der letzten .Autoren
sertions of the oldest as well as the most recent authorities (Julian, (Julian, Marti us, U nanue, Manteg azza, Binge 1, 6 Sc ri-
Martius, Unanue, Mantegazza, Binge! 65 , Scrivener 66 , Frankl, and others) v en er, ° Frank 1 u. .A.) beseitigt Coca in den verschiedensten
coca in its most various forms banishes dyspeptic complaints and the Praparaten dyspeptische Beschwerden, die von ihnen abhangige Ver-
disorders and debility associated therewith, and after protracted use stimmung und Schwache, und bringt bei langerem Gebrauch dauernde
Heiiung zu Staude. Ich babe selbst eine Reihe van solchen Beob-
results in a permanent cure. I have myself made a series of such achtungen gema.cht.
observations. Ebenso wie Mantegazza 7 und Frankl 8 es an sich erfahren,
Like Mantegazza 67 and Frankl 68 , I have experienced personally how babe ich die peinlichen Beschwerdeu nach den grossen Mahlzeiten:
the painful symptoms attendant upon large meals--viz., a feeling of Gefiihl von Druck und Volle im Magen, Unbehagen und Arbeits-
pressure and fullness in the stomach, discomfort and a disinclination to unlust nach geringen Dosen Cocai"n (0·025-0·05 Gr.) unter Auf.
stossen schwinden gesehen. Ich habe einigen Collegeo zu wieder-
work-disappear with eructation following small doses of cocaine holten Malen die gleiche Erleichterung verschafft und zweima1 beob-
(0.025-0.05 gram). Time and again I have brought such relief to achtet, wie die Nausea nach gastrischen Excessen in kurzer Zeit
my colleagues; and twice I observed how the nausea resulting from dem Cocai'.n wicl1 und normaler Esslust und subjectivem Wohl-
gastronotnic excesses responded in a short time to the effects of cocaine, befinden Platz maehte. Ich babe auch gelernt, mir die Magen-
and gave way to a normal desire to eat and a feeling of bodily well-. 1 Detroit Therapeutic Gazette, February 1883.
being. I have also learned to spare myself stomach troubles by adding a j Review of some of our later i;cmediea, Detroit Th. G. December 1880.
3 Ricerche sperunentali sull' azione tisiologica. e terapeutica della Cocaina.
61 Detroit Therapeutic Gazette, February 1883. Rendiconti del R. 1st L-omlmrdo XIV., 1882.
62 "Review of some of our later remedies' ", Detroit Th. G., December 1880. "' Du·c Angaben Uber die ph)siologische WMrnug des Cocafos stehen im
Einklang µrit denen Mantega.zza's. Sie hcobachteten als unmittclbar!)n Erfolg
83 "Ricerche sperimentali sull'azione fisiologica e terapeutica della Cocaina", der Coca.i"n-lajectioncn: Pupillenerweiter11Dg, Temperaturerhohung bis um 1·2°, Be-
Rendiconti del R. !st. Lombardo, XIV, 1882. schleuniguno- des Pulses and der Respiration. Uehle Zufalle trnten niemals al.\f.
64 Their assertions about the physiological effects of cocaine accord with those s Ph~m.:ili:ologisch-therapeutisches Handbucll. Erlangcn 1862.
6 I. c. "an excellent tonic in weakness of the stomach".
of Mantegazza. They observed, as an immediate effect of cocaine injections, 1 Mante g a z z a's austuhrliche Krankengeschichten machen mir durchaus
dilation of the pupils, temperature heightened by up to 1.2 degrees, den Eindrock der Glaubwiirdigkeit. ,
quickening of the pulse and respiration. There is never an attack of 6 l\'Iittl,eilnng uher Coca von Dr. J oi.ef Frank I, Badearzt in Marienbad.
sickness. Zeitschrift dcr K. Gesellschaft der Aerzte 1860.
65 Pharmakologisch-therapeutisches Handbuch, Erlangen, 1862. 2
small amount of cocaine to salicylate of soda. 18 -
My colleague, Dr. Josef Pollak, has given me the following account
beschwenlen nach Einftihrung von salicy1saurem Natron durch Zu-
of an astonishing effect of cocaine, which shows that it can be used to
satz einer kleinen Menge Cocain zu ersparen.
treat not merely local discomfort in the stomach but also serious reflex Mein geehrter College, Herr Dr. Josef Pollak, hat mir
reactions; one must therefore assume that cocaine has a powerful effect folgende Beobachtung einer eclatanten Cocawirkung zur Verfiigung
on the mu~ous membrane and the muscular system of this organ. gestellt, welche zeigt, da.ss nicht nur die unangenehmen subjectiven
"A 42 year old, robust man, who~the doctor knew very well, was Empfindungen von Seiten des Magens durch Cocain aufgehoben
werden, sondern auch schwere reflectorische Erscheinungen, so dass
forced to adhere most strictly to a certain diet and to prescribed meal-
man dem Coca.In eine eingreifende Wirksamkeit auf die Scbleim-
times· otherwise he could not avoid the attacks about to be described. haut nnd Musculatur des Organs zuschreiben muss.
'
When traveling or under the influence of any emotional strain he was ,,Ein 42jahriger robuster, dem Arzte genau bekannter Mann
particularly susceptible. The attacks . followed a regular pattern: they ist zur strengsten Einhaltung einer gewissen Drat und bestimmter
began in the evening with a feeling of discomfort in the epigastrium, _ Essensstunden gezwungen, da er sonst den zu beschreibenden Zufallen
followed by flushing of the face, tears in the eyes, throbbing in the niemals entgeht. Auf Reisen uml unter dem Einflusse von Gemiiths-
bewegungen erweist er sich als besonders empfindlich Die Anfalle
temples and violent pain in the forehead, accompanied by a feeling of verlaufen sehr regelmassig, beginnen des Abends mit einem Gefiihle
great depression and apathy. He could not sleep during the night; von Unbehagen im Epigastrium; dann tritt unter Rothung dM Ge-
towards morning there were long painful spasms of vomiting which lasted siehts, Thranen der Augen, Klopfen der Carotitlen heftiger Stirn-
for hours. Round about midday he experienced some relief, and on kopfschmerz ein mit g:rosster Depression und Apathie; die Nacht
drinking a few spoonfuls of soup had a feeling 'as though the stomach wird schlafios verbraeht, gegen Morgen Stundeu lange anhaltendes
schmerzhaites Erbrecl1eu, gegen Mittag Beruhigung, bei Genus.s
would at last eject a bullet which had lain in it for ·a long time'. This
einiger Loffel Suppe ein Geftihl, ,,als ob der Magen eine schwere
was followed by, rancid eructation, until, towards evening, his condition Kugel, die lange in ihm gelegen, endlich fortwalzen wtirde", dann
returned to normal. The patient was incapable of work throughout the ranziges Aufstossen, bis gegen Abend der nonuale Zustand wieder-
day and had to keep to his bed. kehrt. Den ganzen Tag iiber ist der Rranke arbeitsunfahig und
"At 8:00 p.m. on the tenth of June the usual symptoms of an attack muss zu Bette bleiben."
,,Am 10. J uni um 8 Uhr Abends batten sich die gewohnlichen
began. At 10 o'clock, after the violent headache had developed, the
Vorboten eines Anfalls eingestellt; um 10 Uhr, als der heftige Kopf-
patient was given 0.075 gram cocaznum muriaticum. Shortly there- schmerz entwickelt war, bekam der Patient 0·075 Cocain mur.
after he experienced a feeling of warm eructation, which seemed to him Bald darauf ein Gefilhl von warmem Aufstosseu, das dem Patienten
to be 'still too little'. At 10:30 a second dose of 0.075 gram of cocaine · als ,,noch zu wenig'' erschien. Um 1 / 2 11 nochmals 0·075 CocaYn;
was given; the eructations increased; the patient felt some relief and das Aufstossen verstarkt sich; Patient fiihlt sich 1eichter, jst im
was able to write a long letter. He alleged that he felt intensive .move- Staude, einen lii.ngeren Brief zu sclu-eiben. Er behauptet intensive
Magenbewegungen zu verspiiren, ist um 12 Ubr bis auf leichten
ment in the stomach; at 12 o'clock, apart from a slight headache, he
Kopfschmerz normal, selbst heiter, legt einen W eg von einer Stunde
was normal, even cheerful, and walked for an hour. He could not sleep zuriick, kann bis 3 Uhr Morgens nicht einschlafen, was ihm aber
until 3:00 a.m., but that did not distress him. He awoke the next nicht peinlich erscheint, wacht dann am niiehsten Morgen gesund,
rp.orning healthy, ready for work, and with a good appetite." arbeitskraftig und mit gutem Appetit auf."
Die Wirkung des Coca.Yns auf den Mag<m ist, wie auch M .in t e-
The effect of cocaine on the stomach-Mantegazza assumes this as g a z z a annimmt, eine zweifache; Anregung der Bewegungen und
well-is two-fold: stimulation of movement and reduction of the or- Herabsetzung der Magenempfindlickeit. Die letztere wird nicht nur
gan's sensitivity. The latter would seem probable not only because of durch die subjectiven Empfindungen nach Coca-Einnahme. sondern
the local sensations in the stomach after cocaine has been taken but aueh <lurch die analoge Wirkung des Cocai'ns auf andere Schleimhaute
because of the analogous effect of cocaine on other mucous membranes. wahrscheinlich gemacbt. M an t e g a z z a behauptet1 die glanzendsten
Erfolge bei Gastralgien und Enteralgien, bei a1len schmerz- und
Mantegazza claims to have achieved the most brilliant successes in
krampfhaften Affectionen des Magens und der Darme erzielt zu
treatments ~f gastralgia and enteralgia, and all painful and cramping haben, welche er durch die anasthesirende Eigenschaft der Coca er-
attributes to the anesthetizing properties of coca. On this point I klart. Nach dieser Richtung kann ich Mantegazza's Erfahrungen
cannot confirm Mantegazza's eJ..1)eriences; only once, in connection nicht besta.tigen; ich sah nur eimnal im Verlaufe eines Magendarm-
with a case of gastric catarrh, did I see the sensitivity of the stomach
to pressure disappear after the .administration of coca. On other ocas-
sions I have observed myself, and also heard from other doctors, that
patients suspected of having ulcers or scars in the stomach complained 19
of increased pain after using coca; this can be explained by the
katarrhs die Druekempfindlichkeit des Magens nach Cora schwinden;
increased movement of the stomach. and ere Male sah ich se1bst und horte auch von anderen Aerzt! n,
Accordingly, I should say that the use of coca is definitely indicated ., dass Kranke, bei denen ein Verdacht auf Geschwiir oder Narben
in cases of atonic digestive weakness and the so-called nervous stomach im Magen vorlag, iiber Verst!!rkung der Schruerzen nach Col'a-
disorders; in such cases it is possible to achieve not merely a relief gebrauch klagten, welche Thatsaehe durch <lie Verstarkmig der
of the symptoms but a lasting improvement. Magenb£:wegungen erkla1·lieh wird.
c) Coca in cachexia. Long-term use of coca is further strongly re- Als gesicherte Indication fur den Cocagebrauch mochte ich
demnach atonische Verdauungsschwache und die sogenannten ner-
commended-and allegedly has been tried with success-in all diseases vosen Magenstorungen anffiihren. In diesen Zustanden diirfte nicht
which involve degeneration of the tissues, such as severe anemia, nur symptomatisehe Erleichterung, sondern dauernde B~serung zu
phthisis, long-lasting febrile diseases, etc.; and also during recovery en-e.ichen sein.
f!om such diseases. Thus McBean 69 noted a steady improvement in c) Coca in Kachexien. Langerer Cocagebrauch ist ferner
cases of typhoid fever treated with coca. In the case of phthisis, coca dringend empfohlen und angeblicl1 auch mit Erfolg versucht worden
is said to have a limiting effect on the fever and sweating. Peckham 70 in alien krankl1aften Zustanden, die mit Consumption der Gewebe
reports with regard to a case of definitely diagnosed phthisis that after einhergehen wie: schwere Anaemien. Phthise, Jangdauernde fieber-
fluid extract of coca had been used for seven months there was a hafte Erkrankungen u. dgl , endlich in der Reeonvalescenz von
solchen Zustanden. So hat Me Be an 1 bei typhosem Fieber unter
marked improvement in the patient's condition. Hole 71 gives an account dem Gebrauch der Coea eine stetig zunehmende Besserung gesehen,
of another rather serious case in which chronic lack of appetite ha~ led bei Phthise soil dieselbe <las Fieber einschrankenden und die Schweisse
to an advanced condition of emaciation and exhaustion; here, too, the mildernden Einfluss zeigen. Peckham 2 berichtet iiber einen Fall
use of coca restored the patient to health. R. Bartholow 72 observed, in von sicl1er erkannter Phthise, der nach 7mc,natlichem Gebrauch von
general, that coca proved useful in treating phthisis and other "con- Fluid extract of Coca sieh auffallig besserte, Ho 1 e 3 iiber einen an-
deren, ziemlich dunkeln Fall, in welchem ei.ne chronische Appetit-
sumptive processes". Mantegazza and a number of other authorities
losigkeit zu grosser Abzehrung und Erscl1opfung geftihrt hatte, die
attribute to coca the same invaluable therapeutic quality: that of limit- Anwendung von Coca aber die Gesundheit wieder 11erstellte, R. Bar-
ing degeneration of the body and increasing strength in the case of tholow' hat im Allgemeinen bei Phthise und anderen ,,zehrenden
cachexia. Processen" gtinstige Cocawirkung beobachtet; Man teg azza sowie
One might wish to attribute such successes partly to the undoubted mehrere andere Autoren sprechen der Coca dieselbe fiir die Tberapie
favorable effect of coca on the digestion, but one must bear in mind
unschatzbare Leistung zu, in Ifachexien den Korperverfall einzu-
schranken und die Krafte zu heben.
that a good many of the authors who have written on coca regard it as
Man kann versuchen, diese Erfolge zum Theil auf die unzwei-
a "source of savings"; i. e., they are of the opinion that a system which felhaft giinstige Ei.J1wirkung der Coca auf die Magenverdauung zu-
has absorbed even an extremely small amount of cocaine is capable, as riickzuftihren, muss sich aber gegenwartig halten, dass ein guter Theil
a result of the reaction of the body to coca, of amassing a greater store der Autoren iiber Coca diese als ein nSparmittel" ansehen, d. h. der
of vital energy which· can be converted into work than would have been Meinung sind, <lass ein Organismus, der eine ausserst geringe Menge
possible without coca 73 • If we take the amount of work as being Coca.in in sich aufgenommen hat, im Stande sei, aus denselben Zer-
setzungen eine grossere Menge Jebendiger Kraft, die in Arbeit umge•
constant, the body which has absorbed cocaine should be able to manage setzt werden kann, zu gewinnen als ohne Coca. 0 Bei sich gleich
with a lower metabolism, which in turn means a smaller intake of bleibender Arbeitsleistung miisste der cocainisirte Organismus bei
food. getingerem StQffumsatz, also auch bei ge1ingerer Nahrungsauf-
69 "Erythroxylon coca in the treatment of typhus and typhoid fevers, and also nahme sich erhalten konnen.
• of other febrile diseases", British Medical Jou rnal, vol. 1 for 1887.
1 Errthroxvlon Coca in the treatment or typns and typhoid fevers, and
70 Detroit Therapeutic Gazette, July 1880. also of other febrile diseases. British Medical Joumal, vol. I for 1877.
71 "Coca Erychroxylon in exhaustion", Detroit Th. G., Oct., 1880. s Detroit Therapeutic Gazette, July 1880.
72 Detroit Th. G., Sept. 1880, based on the Louisville Medical News. u Coca. Erythroxylon in e.,;hanstion. Detroit Th. G., Oct. 1880.
• Detroit Th. G., Sept. 1880 nach Louisville .Medical Xews.
73 Marvaud: Les aliments d'epargne, Paris, 1874. b Marvand, Les aliments d' epargnc. Paris 1874.
2*
This assumption was obviously made to accont for the, according
to von Voit 74, unexplained effect of coca on the Indians. It does not - 20 -
even necessarily involve a contradiction of the law of conservation of
energy. For labor which draws upon food or tissue components in- Diese Annalune wm·de offenbar zur Erklarung der naeh v. Vo it's 1
volves a certain loss, either in the utilization of assimilated food or in Bemerkung unbegriffenen Cocawirknng auf die Indianer gemacht. Sie
involvirt auch nicht nothwendig einen Widerspruch gegen das
the conversion of energy into work; this loss could perhaps_be reduced Gesetz der Erbaltnng der Energie. Denn bei der Arbeitsleistung
if certain appropriate steps were taken. It has not been proved that auf Kosten von Nahrungsmitteln oder Gewebsbestandtheilen tritt
such a process takes place, however. Experiments designed to determine ein gewisser Verlust ein - entweder bei der Ausnutzung der
the amount of urine eliminated with and without the use of coca have zersetzten Stoffe oder bei der Umwan<llung der gewonnenen Energia
not been altogether conclusive; indeed, these experiments have not in Arbeit - der vielleicht durch geeignete Anordnungen verringert
werden konnte. Ein solcher Vorgang ist aber nicht erwiesen worden.
always been conducted in su"ch conditions that they could furnish Die Versuche iiber den Betrag der Harnstoffausscheidung bei und
conclusive results. Moreover, they seem to have been carried out on ohne Cocagebrauch haben nicht ii.bereinstimmende Ergebnisse geliefert
the assumption that the elimination of urine-which is known not to sind wohl auch nicht immer unter den Bedingungen angestellt worden'.
be a:fiected by labor-would provide a measure of metabolism in in denen sie allein beweiskraftig seiu konnten. Diese Versuche scheinen
general. Thus Christison noted a slight reduction in the solid compo- iiberdies unter der Voraussetzung gemacht worden zu sein, dass
nents of his urine during the walks on which he took coca; Lippmann,
man in der - durch Arbeit bekanntlich nicht veriinderlichen - Harn-
stoffausscheidung das Mass fiir den allgemeinen Stoffumsatz finden
Demarle, Marvaud, and more recently Mason75 similarly concluded from konne. So hat Christison an sich eine leicl1te Almahme der festen
their experiments that the consumption of coca reduces the amount of Harnbestandtheile wahrend der mit Coca unternommenen Spazier-
urine eliminated. Gazeau 76 , on the other hand, established an increase gange beobachtet. Lippmann, Demarle, M:arvaud und neuer-
of urine elimination of 11-24 % under the influence of coca. A better dings Mason 2 ziehen aus ihren Versuchen ebenfa11s den Schln.ss
availability of materials already stored in the body explains, in his dass Coca-Einnahme die ausgeschiedene Harnstoffmenge verringere:
G a z ea u s hat dagegen unter der Coca. wirkung eine Zunahme der
opinion, the body's increased working power and ability to do without Harnstoffausscl1eidungum 11- 24¼ constatirtund erklii.rt dieNahrungs-
food when under the influence of coca. No experiments have been entbehrung und Arbeitsfahigkeit bei Cocagebrauch durch eine bessere
carried out with regard to the elimination of carbon dio~de. Verfiigbarkeit der im Korper angeha.uften Stoffe. me Kohlensaureaus-
Voit proved that coffee, which also rated as a "source of savings", scheidung ist nicht zum Gegenstand von Untersuchungen gemacht
had no influence on the breakdown of albumen in the body. We must worden.
regard the conception of coca as a "source of savings" as disproven Vom Kaffee, der ebenfalls als ein Sparmittel galt, hat Vo it
nachgewiesen\ dass er keinen Einfiuss auf die Eiweisszersetzung im
after certain experiments in which animals were starved, both with Organismus hat. Die Auffassung der Coca als Sparmittel muss durch
and without cocaine, and the reduction of their body weight and the Versuche als erschiittert betrachtet werden, in deuen man Thiere
length of time they were able to withstand inanition were observed. mit und ohne Cocarn hungern liess und die Abnahme des Korper-
Such experiments were carried out by Cl. Bernard n, Moreno y Mau:, I' ; gewichts sowie die Zeit, durch die sie der Inanition widerstanden,
Demarle, Gazeau, and von Anrep. The result was that the animals to bestimmte. Solche Versnche sin d angestellt word en von Cl. B er-
which cocaine had been administered succumbed to inanition just as
na rd 4, Moreno y Marz, Dema.rle, Gazeau und v. Anrep
und haben das Result.at ergeben, dass cocaYnisirte Thiere ebenso
soon-perhaps even sooner-than those which had received no cocaine. rasch, vielleicht etwas rascher, der Inanition als nicht cocarnisirte
The starvation of La Paz-an experiment carried out by history itself, erliegen. Als ein Widerspruch erscheint dagegen jenes von der Ge-
and reported by Unanue-seems to contradict this conclusion, however, sehichte angestellte von Un an u e berichtete Experiment bei der
for the inhabitants who had partaken of coca are said to have escaped Aushungerung der Stadt La Paz, in welchem diejenigen Einwohner,
death by starvation. In this connection one might recall the fact that die Coca genossen, dem Hungertode entgingen. Man kann sich liier
darauf berufen, dass beim Me_nschen das Nervensystem einen unzwei-
the human nervous system has an undoubted, if somewhat obscure, felhaften, wiewohl dunkeln Emfluss auf die Ernahrung der Gewebe
74 "Physiology of general metabolism", 1881. Hermann's H andbuch, VI, 1.
75 "Erychoxylon coca, its physiological effect and especially its effect on the 1 Physiologie des allgem. Stoffweehsels. 1881. Hermann's IIandbuch VI. 1
excretion of urea by the kidneys", Boston Med . and Surg. Jo urnal, 1882. 1 Erythroxylon coca, its physiological effect and especially its effect on the
excretion of area by the kidneys. Bost,on :\led. and Surg. Journal, 1882.
76 Cornptes rend us de I' Academies des Sciences, II, 1870. s Comptes rendus de l'.Academie des sciences, II. 1870.
77 In Marvaud. ' Bei Marvaud.
influence on the nourishment of tissues; psychological factors can, after
all, cause a healthy man to lose weight.
The therapeutic quality of coca which we took as our argument at - 21 -
the outset does not, therefore, deserve to be rejected out of hand. The
austibt; kann ein gesunder Mensch doch in Folge psychischer Ein-
excitation of nerve centers by cocaine can have a favorable influence fliisse abmagern.
on the nourishment of the body afflicted by a consumptive condition, Die therapeutiscbe Indication, von der wir ausgegangen sind,
even though that influence might. well not take the form of a slowing erscheint daher nicht von vorne herein verwerfilch; die E1Tegung
down of metabolism. der Nervencentren durch CocaYn kann einen gtinstigen Einfl.uss auf
I should add here that coca has been warmly praised in connection die Korperernahrung bei Consumptionen ausuben, wenngleich derselbe
nicht in einer Verlangsamung des Stoffwecbsels bestehen durfte.
with the treatment of syphilis. R. W. Taylor 78 claims that a patient's
Hier wil.re anzuschliessen, dass Coca auch wanne Lobredner
tolerance of mercury is increased and the mercury-cachexia kept in bei Syphilis gefunden hat. R. W. Tay 1 or I behauptet, dass mehr
check when coca is administered at the same time. J. Colian 79 recom- Quecksilber vertragen und die Mercurkachexie hintangehalten wh"d
mends it as the best remedy for stomatitis mercurialis and reports that bei gleichzeitigem Cocagebrauch, und J. Co 11 an 2 empfiehlt es als
Pagvalin always prescribes it in conjunction with preparations of das beste Afittel gegen Stomatitis mercurialis und theilt mit, dass
mercury. P agvali n es stets neben Quecksilberpraparaten verordne. .
d) Coca in der Morphin- und Alkohol-Entwohnung.
d) Coca in the treatment of morphine and alcohol addiction. In
In den letzten Jahren ist in Amerika die wichtige W ahrnehmung
America the important discovery has recently been made that coca gemacht worden, dass die Cocapraparate die Kraft besitzen, den
preparations possess the power to suppress the craving for morphine Morphin]mnger bei gewohnheitsmasRigen Morphinisten zu unter-
in habitual addicts, and also to reduce to negligible proportions the driicken und die bei der Morphinentwohnuug auftretenden schweren
serious symptoms of collapse which appear while the patient is being Oollapserscheinungen auf ein geringes Mass zurtickzufiihren. Nach
weaned away from the morphine habit. According to my information meinen zumeist aus der ,,Detroit Therapeutic Gazette" gescbopften
Informationen war es W. H. Bentley,11 der im Mai 1878 bekannt
(which is largely from the Detroit Therapeutic Gazette), it was W. H. machte, dass er einer MorphinisUn das gewolmte Alkaloid durch
Bentley 80 who announced, in May 1878, that he had substituted coca Coca ersetzt babe. Pa Im er scheint zwei J ahre spat er durch einen
for the customary alkaloid in the case of a female morphine addict. Two Aufsatz in den ,,Louisville Medical News'' das allgemeinste Interesse
years later, Palmer, in an article in the Louisville Medical News, seems fiir diese Behandlung des Morphi..nismus enegt zu habeu, denn
to have aroused the greatest genera} interest in this treatment of mor- ,,Erythroxylon coca in the opium habit" bildet fiir die nlichsten zwei
Jahre eine stehende Rubrik in den Berichten der ,,Therapeutic Ga-
phine addiction; for the next two years "Erythroxylon coca in the zette". Von da ab werden die Nachrichten von gelungenen Ent-
opium habit" was a regular heading in the reports of the Therapeutic . ziebungscuren seltener; ob in Folge der Einbiirgerung oder des Ver-
Gazette. From then on information regarding successful cures became lassens dieser Behandlung, weiss ich nicht zu sagen. .A.us Ankiindigun-
rarer: whether because the treatment became established as a recog- gen von Handlern in den letzten Nummern amerikaniscl1er Zeitungen
nized cure, or because it was abandoned, I do not know. Judging by mochte ich das Erstere schliessen.
Es sind etwa 16 Mittheilungen, die von gelungenen Ent-
the advertisements of drug dealers in the most recent issues of Amer- ziehungen berichten, und nur einnµtl tritt die Nachricht auf, dass
ican papers, I should rather conclude that the former was the case. Coca bei einem Morphinisten in Stich gelassen habe, woran sich die
There are some 16 reports of cases in which the patient has been Anfrage des Arztes kniipft, was es fur Bewandtniss mit den vielen
successfully cured of addiction; in only one instance is there a report warmen Empfehlungen der Coca bei Morphinismus habe.' Die glttck-
of failure of coca to alleviate morphine addiction~ and in this case the Iichen Fa1le sind von verschieden grosser Beweiskraft, in einigen
doctor wondered why there had been so many warm recommendations handelt es sich um sehr grosse Dasen Opium oder Morphin u.nd lang-
iahrige Gewohnung. Von Recidiven wird wenig bericl1tet, da die
for the use of coca in cases of morphine addiction 81 • The successful Falle zumeist sehr bald nach der Heilung .mitgetheilt wurden. Die
cases vary in their conclusiveness. Some of them involve large doses Erscheinungen wiihrend der Abstinenz werden nicht immer ausftihr-
of opium or morphine and addictions of long standing. There is not lich mitgetheilt; besonderen Werth haben jene i\ilittheilungen, denen
much information on the subject of relapses, as most cases were re- pie Bemerkung beigefugt ist, dass die Patienten nach einigen Wochen
ported within a very short time of the cure having been effected. 1 Pathology and Treatment in venereal diseases in Detroit Th. G., February 1884.
Symptoms which appear during abstention are not always reported ! l. C.
s Erythroxylon coca in the opium and .Alcohol habits, D. T. G., Sept. 1880.
in detail. There is especial value in those reports which contain the ' D. T. G., Nov. 1880.
observation that the patients were able to dispense with coca after a
+~Trr "TTTP.Plrc } .
without experiencing any further desire for morphine 82 • I
Special attention is repeatedly called to the fact that morphine cachexia - 22
gave way to excellent health, so that the patients were scarcely recog-
nizable after their cure 83 • Concerning the method of withdrawal, it , das Cocapraparat wegliessen, ohne die Wiederkehr des Morphin-
should be made clear that in the majority of cases a gradual reduction lmngers zn versvuren. 1 Dass die Morphinkachexie der blilhendsten
Gesundheit wich, so dass die Kranken kaum zu erkennen waren,
of the habitual dose of the drug, accompanied by a gradual increase of
wird mehrmals hervorgehoben. 2 Die Art und Weise der Entziehung
the coca dose, was the method chosen; however, sudden discontinuation betrdfond, ist anzugeben, da.ss in der Mehriahl der Falle die all-
of the drug was also tried 84 • In the latter case Palmer prescribes that malige Verringerung der habituellen Dosis bei steigender Coca-Dosis
a certain dose of coca should be repeated as often during the day as gewahlt wurde, doch sind auch plotzliche Entziehungen vorgenommen
the desire for morphine recurs 85 • The daily dose of coca is lessened word en. 8 Fur die letzteren gibt Pa 1mer die Vorschrift, eine ge-
gradually until it is possible to dispense with the antidote altogether. wisse Dosis Coca so oft im Tage zu wiederholen, als das :Morphin-
geliiste wiederkehrt.' Der tagliche Cocagebrauch veningert sich
From the very beginning the attacks experienced during abstinence dabei allmalig, bis man das Antidot ganzlich entbehren kann. Die
were either slight or else became milder after a few days. In almost Zufalle wahrend der .A.bstinenz waren von .A.nfang an · gering oder
every case the cure was effected by the patient himself, whereas the milderten sich nach wenigen Tagen. Fast alle Entwohnungen wurden
cure of morphine addiction without the help of coca, as practised in von den I, rank en selbst durchgefiihrt, wahrend die Morphinent-
Europe, requires surveillance of the patient in a hospital. ziehung ohne Hi1fe der Coea, wie sie in Europa durchgefiihrt wird,
I once had occasion to observe the case of a man who was subjected \ die Ueberwachung des Kranken in einer Heilanstalt zur nothwen-
digen Voraussetzung hat.
to the type of cure involving the sudden withdrawal of morphine, \ !ch hatte Gelegenheit, eine plotzliche Morphinentziehung unter
assisted by the use of coca; the same patient had suffered severe _ Cocagebrauch bei einem Manne zu beobaehten, der bei einer flii-
symptoms as a result of abstinence in the course of a previous cure. \ heren Entziehungscur unter den schwersten Abstinenzerscheinungen
This time his condition was tolerable; in particular, there was no sign gelitten hatte. Das Be.linden war diesmal ein ertriigliches, insbe-
of depression or nausea as long as the effects of coca lasted; chills and sondere fehlten Depression und Nausea, so lange die CocawiJ:kung
anhielt; FLieren und Diarrhoe waren die einzigen ]Jermanenten
diarrhea were now the only permanent symptoms of his abstinence.
Symptome, welche an die Abstinenz erinnerten. Der Kranke blieb
The patient was not bedridden, and could -function normally. During ausser Bette und Ieistungsfahig, und verbrauchte in den ersten Tagen
the fust days of the cure he consumed 3 decigrams of cocaznum je 3 Decigramm CocaYnum muriaticum; nach 10 Tagen konnte er
muriaticum daily, and after ten days he was able to dispense with the das Mittel bei Seite !assen.
coca treatment altogether. Es handelt sich bei der Morphlnentziehung durch Coca also
The treatment of morphine addiction with coca does not, therefore, nieht um einen Tausd1i bei welchem aus dem Morphinisten ein
Coquero wird, sondern nur um einen temporaren Cocagebrauch. Ich
result merely in the exchange of one kind of addiction for another- glaube anch nicht, dass es die allgemein stahlende Wirkung der
it does not turn the morphine addict into a coquero; the use of coca Coca ist, welche den durch Morphin geschwachten Organismus in
is only temporary. Moreover, I do not think that it is the general den Stand setzt, die Morphinentziehung unter ge1ingfiigigen Sym-
toughening effect of coca which enables the system weakened by mor- ptomen z11 tiberstehen. Ich mckhte eher annehmen, dru;s der Coca
phine to withstand, at the cost of only insignificant symptoms, the with- eine direct antagonistische Wirkung gegen das Morphin zukommt,
und kann znr Unterstiit.zung dieser Meinung einen Fall mittheilen,
drawal of morphine. I am rather inclined to assume that coca has a den ich den :Beobachtungen des Herrn Dr. Josef Po 11 a k entlebne:
directly antagonistic effect on morphine, and in support of my view
,,Eine 33jabrige Dame Ieidet seit Jahren an schwerer men-
I quote the following observations of Dr. Josef Pollak on a case in strualer Migraine, welche nur durch eine Morphiuminjeetion gelin-
point: dert wird. Obwohl die Dame in den migrainefreien Zeiten niemals
"A 33-year old woman has been suffering for years from severe Morphium nimmt oder Geliiste danach empfindet, verMlt sie sich
menstrual migraine which can be alleviated only by morphia injections. doch wahrend ihrer Anfalle wie eine Morphinistin. Wenige Stunden
Although the lady in question never takes morphia or experiences any 1 J. Brenton, T. G., Marz 1881. - G. H. Gray aus The medical brief
desire to do so when she is free of migraine, during the attacks she T. G., Juni 11381. - H. Leforger, Dec. 1872. -
behaves like a morphine addict. A few hours ' E. C. HllBe, T. G. Sept. 1880. - Henderson, T. G. Februa.r 1881.
8 R. Taggart, T. G. Mai 1881. - A. F. Stimmel, TG. Juli 1881.
82
Brenton, J.: T. G., 1881 - Gray, G. H.: from "The medical brief", T. Ci., ' T. G., Juli 1880. Das angewendete Prapa.rat war zumeist das Fluid
June 1881. - Leforger, H:: Dec., 1872. extract von Parke, Davis & Cie.
83 Huse, E. C. : T. G., Sept. 1880. - Henderson: T. G., February 1881.
84 'T'------- T) . "T" r.. ....
after the injection she ·\
suffers intense depression, biliousness, attacks of vomiting, which are
stopped by a second morphine injection; thereupon, the symptoms of 23 -
intolerance recur, with the result that an attack of migraine, along
nach der Injection treten hochgradige Depression, Uebligkeiten, Er-
with all its consequences, keeps the patient in bed for three days in brechen ·ein, denen eine nochmalige Morphineinspritzung ein Ende
a most wretched condition. Cocaine was then tried to combat the macht, worauf die Erscheinungen der Intoleranz sich wiederholen,
migraine, but the treatment proved unsuccessful. It was necessary to so dass ein Migraineanfall mit seinen Consequenzen die Kranke durch
resort to morphine injections. But as soon as the symptoms of morphine drei Tage in einem elenden Zustande ans Bett fesselt. Es wurde
intolerance appeared, they were quickly relieved by , 1 "decigram of nun Cocarn gegen die Migraine gegehen, erwies sich aber als nutz-
los. Man musste zur Morphimninj~ction zu.riickgreifen, aber als die
cocaine, with the result that the patient recovered from her attack in Erscheinungen der Morphiumintoleranz auftraten, wurden sie rasch
a far shorter time and consumed much less morphine in the process." · durch 1 De, igramm Cocain heseitigt, so dass ·die Kranke ihren Anfall
Coca was tried in America for the treatment of chronic alcoholism in weit klirzerer Zeit fiberstanden und dabei viel weniger Morphin
at about the same time as it was introduced in connection with mor- verbraucht hatte."
phine addiction, and most reports dealt with the two uses conjointly 86 • Gleichzeitig mit der Anwendung gegen den Mo1·phinismus
wurde Coca in Amerika gegen chronischen Alkoholismus gegeben
In the treatment of alcoholism, too, there were cases of undoubted und zumeist unter Einem daruber berichtet. 1 .Auch hier wurden un-
success, in which the irresistible compulsion to drink was either zweifelhafte Erfolge ertielt, die unwiderstehlie.he T1inklust aufgehoben
banished or alleviated, and the dyspeptic complaints of the drinkers oder gelindert, die dyspe_ptisehen Beschwei-den der Trinker gebessert.
were relieved. In general, however, the supression of the alcohol crav- Die Unterdriickung des .Alkoholgeliistes durch Coca erwies sich im
ing through the use of coca proved to be more difficult than the Allgemeinen schwieriger als die der Morphiumsucht; in einem Falle,
suppression of morphomania; in one case reported by Bentley the theilt Bent 1 e y mit, wurde aus dem Potator ein Coquero. Zu welcher
ungeheuren nationalokonomischen Bedeutung als ,,Sparmittel" in
drinker became a coquero. One need only suggest the immense eco- anderem Sinne die Coca gelangen wiirde, wenn deren Wirksamkeit
nomic significance which coca would acquire as a "source of savings" in zur Entwohnung der Trinker sich bestatigte, braucht nur angedeutet
another sense, if its effectivness in combating alcoholism were confirmed. zu werden. .
e) Coca and asthma. Tschudi and Markham 87 report that by chewing e) Coca gegen Asthma. Tschudi und l\Iarkham 2
erzii.hlen, dass sie bei dem Kauen der Cocablatter von der sogenann-
coca leaves they were spared the usual symptoms of the so-called ten Bergkrankheit, dem aus Dyspnoe, Herzklopfen, Schwindel u. s. w.
mountain sickness while climbing in the Andes; this complex of symp- zusammengesetzten Symptomencomp1ex bei Besteigung der Andes
toms includes shortness of breath, pounding of the heart, dizziness, etc. verschont blieben. - P oizat 3 berichtet, dass die astlunatischen An-
Poizat38 reports that the asthmatic attacks of a patient were arrested fa.lle eines Kranken jedesmal durch Coca coupirt wurden. !ch fiihre
in every case by coca. I mention this property of coca because it appears diese Indication der Coca an, weil sie eine physiologische Begrtin-
dung zuzulassen scheint. Frtihzeitige Lahmung einiger Vagusaste
to admit of a physiological explanation. Von Anrep's experiments on ergab sich aus den Thierversuchen v. An re p's, und das Rohen-
animals resulted in early paralysis of certain branches of the vagus; and asthma wie die Anfalle bei chroniseher Bronchitis diirfen als reflec-
altitude asthma, as well as the attacks characteristic of chronic bron- torische Erregungen von den Lungenasten des Vagus her gedeutet
chitis, may be interpreted in terms of a reflex excitation originating in werden. Es ware die Anwendung der Coca bei anderen Vagusneu-
the pulmonary branches of the vagus. The use of coca should be con- rosen in Betracht zu ziehen.
sidered for the treatment of other vagus neuroses. f) Coe a al s Aphrodisiac um. Die Eingeborenen Siidame-
rika's, die ihre Liebesgottin mit Cocablattern in der Hand darstellten,
f) Coca as an . aphrodisiac. The natives of South America, who zweifelten nicht an der erregenden Wirkung der Coca auf die Geni-
represented their goddess of love with coca leaves in her hand, did talspbare. Man t eg a z z a bestii.tigt, dass die Coqueros hohe Potenz bis
not doubt the stimulative effect of coca on the genitalia. Mantegazza ins Greisenalter bewahren, theilt auch selbst Falle von der Wieder-
c~nfirms that the coqueros sustain a high degree of potency right into , her.stellung der Potenz und Schwinden von Erscheinungen functio-
old age; he even reports cases of the restoration of potency and the neller Schwache nach Cocagebrauch mit, mochte aber doch glauben,
disappearance of functional weaknesses following the use of coca, 1 W. H. Bentley, T. G. Sept. 80. - Volnm. Jan. 1881. - H. Warner,
although he. does not believe Marz 8 ·. - Stimmel, .April und Juli 81. -
' Travels in Peru and India l862.
86 Bentley, W. H.: T. G., Sept. 80. - Volum. Jan. 81. - Warner, H . : March 81. I 8 The Ecyihroxylon coca in Asthma. Philadelphia Medical and Surgical
- Stimmel: April and July 81. Reporter, 1881.
- 24 -
that coca would produce such an effect
in all individuals. Marvaud emphatically supports the view that coca dass diese Wirkung der Coca nicht bei alien Individuen hervortritt.
Marv au d tritt mit Entschiedenheit fiir die stimulirende Wirkung der
has a stimulative effect; other writers strongly recommend coca as a
Coca ein, andere Autoren empfehlen Coca angelegentlich bei functio-
remedy for occasional functional weaknesses and temporary exhaustion; neIJer &hwaclie und temporarer Erschopfung, und Ben t I e y berichtet
and Bentley reports on a case of this type in which coca was respon- von der Heilung eines hieher gehorigen Falles. 1
sible for the cure 89 • Unter den Personen, denen ich Coca gab, haben mir drei von
Among the persons to whom I have given coca, three reported heftiger sexueller Erregung, die sie unbedenklich auf die Coca be-
violent sexual excitement which they unhesitatingly attributed to the zogen, berichtet. Ein junger Schriftsteller, der nach }lingerer Verstim-
mung durch Coca in den Stand gesetzt wurde, seine Arbeit aufzu-
coca. A young writer, who was enabled by treatment with coca to nehmen, verzichtete auf den Cocagebrauch wegen dieser ihm uner-
resume his work after a longish illness, gave up using the drug because wunschten Nebenwirkung.
of the undesirable secondary effects which it had on him. g) Oertliche Anwendung der Coca. Die Eigenschaft
g) Local application of coca. Cocaine and its salts have a marked des Coca.Ins und seiner Salze, Haut und Schleimhaut, mit welchen
anesthetizing effect when brought in contact with the skin and mucous sie in coneentrirter Losung in Beriihrung kommen, zu anasthesiren,
ladet z11 gelegentlicher Verwendung insbesondere bei Schleimhaut-
membrane in concentrated solution; this property suggests its occasional affectionen ein. Nach Collini ruhmt Ch. Fa u vel das Cocarn in
use as a local anesthetic, especially in connection with affections of the der Behandlung der Pharynxkrankheiten und bezeichnet es als ,,le
mucous membrane. According to Collin00, Ch. Fauvel strongly recom- tenseur par excellence de chortles vocales". Anwendungen, die auf
mends cocaine for treating diseases ·of the pharynx, describing it as der anasthesirenden Eigenschaft des Coc.aYns beruhen, diirften sich
"le tenseur par excellence des chordes vocales". Indeed, the anesthe- wohl noch mehrere ergeben.
tizing properties of cocaine should make it suitable for a good many 1 T. G., Dec. 1880.
2 De la eoca et do sos veritaliles 1>roprictcs therapcutiqucs. L'Union ntl'-
further applications. dicale, 1877.
89 T. G., Dec. 1880.
90 "De la coca et de ses veritables proprietes therapeutiques", L'Union medicale,
1877. '
'ADDENDA
2. The effect of coca in cases of morphine addiction 2. Zur Cocawirkung bei Morphinismus. Die Ver-
The usefulness of cocaine in cases of morphine collapse has recently wendbarkeit des ·Cocarns bei Morphincollaps ist neuerdings von
Richter (Pankow) bestatigt worden, welcher .A.utor auch fllr die
been confirmed by Richter (Pankow), who also favors the view, im Texte aufgestellte antagonistische Beziehung zwisehen der Cocaih-
expressed in the above text, that there is an antagonistic relationship und der l\forphinwirkung eintritt.
between the effect of cocaine and that of morphine.
3. The internal application of cocaine 3. Zur internen Anwendung des Coca'.ins. Da. gegen- 1