Final Research

Computing Research Project2021
Table of Contents
Produce a research proposal that clearly defines a research question or hypothesis supported by a
literature review......................................................................................................................................2
INTODUCTION....................................................................................................................................2
Evaluate different research approaches and methodology and make justifications for the choice of
methods selected based on philosophical/theoretical frameworks.......................................................16
Conduct primary and secondary research using appropriate methods for a computing research project
that consider costs, access and ethical issues.......................................................................................19
Apply appropriate analytical tools analyse research findings and data...............................................25
Critically evaluate research methodologies and processes in application to a computing research

project to justify chosen research methods and analysis......................................................................35
Coherently and logically communicate outcomes to the intended audience demonstrating how
outcomes meet set research objectives.................................................................................................38
Reflect on the effectiveness of research methods applied for meeting objectives of the business
research project....................................................................................................................................41
Consider alternative research methodologies and lessons learnt in view of the outcomes..................43
Provide critical reflection and insight that result in recommended actions for improvements and
future research considerations..............................................................................................................45
Demonstrate reflection and engagement in the resource process leading to recommended actions for
future improvement..............................................................................................................................48
CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................................50
REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................................50
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Nipesh khanal (HND Fourth Semester)
Produce a research proposal that clearly defines a research question or hypothesis supported by a
literature review.
INTODUCTION:
In the last 10 years the capacities and functions of ICT, particularly mobility and availability (24
hours seven days a week), have advanced considerably. The progress of ICT devices, such as laptops,
tablets, and mobile telephones such as smartphones, has led to an important role in people's business,
education, and personal lives. Its roles include providing quick, easily accessible, and managing
information. The main reason for choosing the project is that the number of smartphone users is
increasing at an exponential rate, and it is of utmost importance to emphasize on their mental and
physical health. The digital wellbeing of an individual is not just about creating awareness regarding
the violent content on social media or websites, but it also involves the way one can give up the
addiction of playing games alongside doing other stuff on their respective smartphone. It is
imperative to comprehend that technology and the internet have its own set of pros and cons, and it
tends to affect the mental and physical health of an individual at a certain point of time causing
anxiety, distractions while driving and may more. Thus, it is vital to focus on the aspect of the digital
wellbeing of smartphone users. The following research will make use of primary as well as
secondary data, thus, it would be mixed-method research. The selected approach to suit the secondary
data would be inductive and for primary, it would be deductive. The inductive approach will help in
extracting the specific conclusions whereas deductive will help in generalizing the aspect of digital
wellbeing to forge a general view among the readers. The researcher will make use of positivism and
interpretivism philosophy. Positivism philosophy will help in gathering data based on factual
information and interpretivism will help in shaping the study effectively. The use of exploratory and
explanatory design is also included. It is because the primary data will explore the relation amid
digital wellbeing and mental and physical health of the smartphone users whereas the secondary data
will be explaining the same. The researcher will be making use of journal articles, web sources to
accumulate secondary data and conduct primary quantitative and qualitative methods to collect
primary data.
Title
Investigate the role of digital wellbeing application in enhancing the mental and physical health of
smartphone users by creating awareness regarding digital hazards.
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Studies on overuse technologies do so as the use of smartphones increases dramatically. Many

mobile devices are available to crack "smartphone addiction" and achieve "digital well-being."
Whether and how these solutions work, however, is still not understood. Therefore in this research,
we’ll pursue the answer to the following questions:
Research questions:
● How is digital wellbeing related to the mental and physical health of smartphone users?
● How does the usage of digital wellbeing applications enhance the mental and physical wellbeing
of smartphone users?
● How does the use of digital wellbeing applications prevent smartphone users from digitally
hazardous content?
To answer the above questions, we’ve set the following objectives in this research:
Objectives
● To analyze digital wellbeing related to the mental and physical health of smartphone users.
● To identify the ways through which usage of digital wellbeing applications can be effective for
smartphone users.
● To assess the use of digital wellbeing applications for preventing hazardous contents related to
digital applications.
Keywords:
Smartphone Addiction, Digital Wellbeing, Habit Management, Automated Monitoring
Responsibilities
The responsibility of the study is to identify the adverse impact of digital wellbeing applications on
the users of smartphones. Furthermore, objectives are developed accordingly to display the flow of
information in the project proposal.
Reasons for choosing this research project:
It has been observed that the population rate across the world has been increasing at an exponential
rate and usage of digital wellbeing applications. Focusing on the importance of digital wellbeing
applications, people are attracted to the effectiveness of the aspects of saving their time. Considering
Google’s Digital Wellbeing can be stated as an eye-opening and screen usage aspect. This makes the
smartphone users get hooked with the usage of such applications. This has been laying a negative
impact on the people who are using the applications. With the advancement of technology, it can be
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said that the customers are inclined towards making their activities much easier and this is fulfilled
with the help of technology. Technology has improved the quality of life; however, in return, it has
resulted in severely negative aspects of the physical and mental health condition of smartphone users
(Gui et al., 2017). Digital wellbeing has resulted in making people think widely. It is necessary from
the part of the users to think that there is a difference between global wellbeing and subjective
wellbeing which is measured based on the aspects they are facing. Issues like online harassment have
been one of the major reasons for the physical and mental breakdown of people. These are
irrespective of the substantial wellbeing. This has been the several reasons for which the topic has
been selected for the research proposal.
Literature sources searched:
[01] Okay.org. 2020. Identifier system for Digital Objects. [online ] Available at: <
https:/www.doi.org/index.html >
[02] Netsanity. Netsanity. 2020. 5 Surprising Smartphone Addiction Physical Dangers. [online ]
Available at: < https:/net.net/smartphone dependence/ > [Accessed May 4 , 2020]. [03] Lanaj
Klodiana, J. J., and M. Barnes Klodiana. 2014. 2014. Already exhausted from beginning
workday? Late use of the smartphone and sleep consequences. Processes 124, 1 (2014), 11-23 on
organizational behavior and human judgment.
HostNetwork.org/10.1016/y.obhdp.2014.01.01
[04] Betterhealth.vic.gov.au. better health. 2020. 2020. And your health, mobile phones. [online
] Available at [https:/www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au / HealthyLiving / mobile phone and your
health>[Accesed 4 May 2020]. [Online ] Available at:
[05] Neurocore. Neuro. 2020. Mental and Mobile Addiction-Neurocore. Info about smartphones.
< https:/www.neurocorecenters.com/blog/smartphones-mental health>[Received 4 May2020].
[online ] Available at:
[06] Youth Magazine Incorporated. 2020. Types, pros and cons: virtual relationships.
[online] Displayed at: < https:/youthincmag.com/virtual links > [Added 7 May 2020].
[07] Morrison, K. Morrison, K. And K., Morrison, 2020. And ... Fatigue among smartphone users is
knowledge overload (Infographic). Adweek.com [online]. Available at: <
https:/www.adweek.com/digital-informational-fatigue-infographic/ > [Accessed 7 May 2020]. >
[Accessed 7 May 2020].
[08] TODAY. 2020. Social media compulsion shows how the mind works. [online ] Available at:
< https:/www.statnews.com/2017/02/08/social-media/mental-illness/>[Researched May 7 , 2020]. [
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[09] 2020. < Tips:/www.researchgate.net / publishing / smartphone use and work-home

interference The role moderating social standards and work committed committees >
[completed 13 May 2020]. [online ] Available at < Tips:
[10] Taylor and Francis. 2020. Addiction to smartphones and their social and solitude. Hard-fed-fed /
doi / abs/10.1080/0144929X.2015.1158319? Available on [Online] [Accessed on 13 May 2020]
src = recsys&journalCode = tbit20 >.
Literature Review:
During these last couple of years, smartphones have become an integral component of our everyday
lives, due to their simplicity and functionality. Smartphones are used as a portal for various mobile
applications and online services that give users a variety of choices and then fall in addiction such as
(Digital Object Identifier System, 2020):
Virtual affairs: It has been said that virtual relationship is more important that real relationship. The
social network, social relationship, dating apps emails, and online reading habits all are considered
reasons that users can fall into virtual affairs. It is a very usual scene in a restaurant couples are
dining in, but they are playing with their smartphones instead of valuing their sweet moments.
Although the Internet or online could be the best place to meet new people, establish connections or
establish a romantic relationship with old friends. Virtual relation is not a replacement of a genuine
relationship. Online virtual relationships are very attractive because they live in the bubbles and they
don’t tolerate any pressure nor sacrifice any to keep the relationship going. Dating applications are
designed to force long term relationships to transfer into short term links.
Overload knowledge: Compulsive web browsing, video viewing, gaming or news feed monitoring
can reduce work or school productivity and insulate you over hours. The obligatory use of the
internet and mobile apps causes you, from real-world relationships to hobby and social activities, to
neglect different facets of your life (Morrison and Morrison 2020).
Addiction to cybersex: Pulseful internet pornography, nude swapping and adult messaging can
affect long-term intimate and emotional health. Online pornography and cybersex dependence are
styles of sexual addiction, and the Internet makes them more accessible to imagine real life fantasy,
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since they
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risk not having been identified in society. Users easily spend hours on cybersex by imagining reality
on an unreal media. Overuse of dating apps can affect long-term relationships and as well as damage
existing relationships (Cybersex Addiction & Internet Infidelity, 2020).
Online compulsions: Financial and employment online services are also capable to include games,
stock trading, online-based auctions, online shopping, etc. like eBay. Gambling is a long documented
issue round the globe but Internet-based gambling made more accessible to gamblers. Compulsive
electronic trading can be harmful financially and socially. Last moment of auctions eBay users will
wake up and bet for the risky amount, and that is the aim of online gambling organizers. Online users
while browsing they are buying goods they don’t need still placing orders because they are more
convinced of the offer they are making and users feel like they are placing the order for the offer.
(social media coercion demonstrates how your mind works, 2020). Also, despite numerous benefits
and opportunities for social support, the widespread use of smartphones and tablets impacts physical,
mental, and social interaction.
Mental Health Issues:
Home laundry or dinner and no food: Every time smartphone users open online videos, games,
emails, or check social networks like messengers, Facebook, and many other apps. If the users can
not finish their work at the right time, they have to work in the late hours
Family and friend's loneliness: All the time user spends on his/her phone or device; the user’s
social life suffers. If the user visits or speaks to friends, the user loses track while the user is
checking his/her phone. Friends and family were concerned about how long he/she spend on his/her
phone. Users feel like nobody in his/her "real" life, even his/her spouse understands him/her as
online friends (smartphone addiction and social anxiety and loneliness, 2020).
Obscure mobile use: Use the user phone to creep into a quiet spot. Lie or hide to his/her boss and
family about his/her time online. Smartphone users will lie to their boss or family about their online
time usage. Also, they will be upset and cranky when they face a difficult time online (Smartphone
and Concern, 2019).
Fear of missing out: Hate feeling goes out of control if smartphone user can not check their phone
frequently fearing he/she might be missing important news or information. User has to check social
media compulsively because he/she is worried about others might have more exciting and quality
time then his/her.
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If the user leaves his/her smartphone at home, feel nervous, stress, or panic: If the system of the
smartphone crashes or battery runs out, user feels ghost vibrations, the user thinks his/her phone's
vibrated, but when user search for new messages or notifications (Smartphone Addiction, 2020).
Physical Health Issues:

Tech Neck (Back and Neck Pain): A chocking hop from the neck/back problems especially chronic
pain and disk damage due to too much smartphone exposure occurs between 16 and 24 years of age
(smartphone and its impact, 2020).
Tendinitis (Text Claw): Extreme friction puts irregular pressure on the tendons and muscles, which
causes inflammation of the pain and stiffness in the hands and wrists.
Weak Sleep Quality: Our telephones' "short wave-length enriched" light blocks melatonin from our
bodies.
Ionizing radiation (IR): It can lead to changes in tissue damage, like cancer, of atoms and
molecules in the body. For example, X-rays and gamma rays are included. (Mobile phones and
his/her health, 2020)
Exposure to bacteria: Smartphones can hold up to 10 times as many bacteria as a toilet. Will, it has
to say more?
Emotional problems: All the possible consequences of prolonged mobile, laptop, and social
network use were depression, low self-esteem, and social Isolation ( Physical Dangers of
Smartphone, 2020).
Research gap and intention:
As per the above observation and findings that had been done previously, our intention of work now
is to be based on technical overuse research to explore and understand the functioning and
enhancement of contemporary approaches to the actions of users of smartphones.
Examine appropriate research methods and approaches to primary and secondary research.
2.0. Introduction:
This chapter in the entire study underlined the methods of doing a specific type of research.
According to Kumar (2019), the research methodology could be considered as a systematic
procedure, which helps to conduct the entire study in a strategic and structured way. It will help in
demonstrating the proper structure of the entire study based on the given topic area. With the
emphasis on different kinds of relevant data and concepts that are proper with this specific area,
this chapter will include a
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philosophical outline, approach of the research. On the other side, this study will help in
demonstrating and justifying data collection procedures, sampling tools with limitations, ethical
consideration, research design, and accessibility issues that are important.
2.1. Method outline:
A handful of research methods are out there, out of all those followings are the most popular
methods that researchers use frequently.
Quantitative surveys:
Considered one of the most common research methods in the field of research, a study helps us
collect large volumes of data at relatively low cost in a very short period. To assess a numerical
output that helps deal with the research question, a quantitative study should be used. For example,
we can look to quickly survey 1,000 consumers or professionals in our field if we are going to
determine the size of our potential market. We can easily calculate 50 positive survey responses to
determine our market size when we know that 50.000 clients or professionals are potentially
interested in our products or services.
Simply put, it's a good analysis tool when we need reliable statistics to support our study.
Focus groups:
A more advanced approach to business analysis, focus groups typically consist of small clusters of
people that match the user profile of the smartphone. We facilitate discussion of our questions
through these focus groups, taking full advantage of the interview depth and the inconvenience.
Concentration group input is invaluable; it humanizes our research strategy and helps us understand
how people feel about our questions and understand future trends and opportunities through
conversations.
Interviews on qualitative research:
Single-to-one interviews are like focus groups because they contain open, unstructured, free speech
questions for the interviewee. A user 's view of a product, service or company is an excellent
opportunity.
The interview gives us questions and gives us more insight, but it also presents risks. A sloppy
interviewer may interview responses by asking leading questions not representing the view of a
user.
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Qualitative studies:
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Case studies provide additional insight on how a person communicates with a product or service. It
gives us a more complete picture of your happiness, use and attitudes in a specific product , service
or industry within a proper context.
This is a way of improving our business plan, using target customers to create something good,
adding value and separating us from competitors.
For instance, we could want to sell a well-known person or expert on our field our product or service
concept, enabling them to test it over time. This form of perspective can be invaluable to solve our
concept's teething problems, and can also show our industry's ability to meet its customers ' needs.
Mixed-Method:
The combination and incorporation of qualitative and quantitative approaches into the same analysis
are mixed approaches for science. Although researchers have integrated qualitative and quantitative
data for many years, new mixed-methods analysis techniques only originated in the 1980s.
Mixed methodology work has grown rapidly in recent years and has emerged in research
methodology with a recognizable name and distinctive reputation in some fields such as education,
healthcare, psychology, and sociology (Denscombe, 2008). This analytical approach, along with
qualitative study and quantitative research, is regarded as the third trend in this area (Johnson &
Onwuegbuzie, 2004; Tashakkori & Teddlie, 2003). This distinguishing feature is reflected in the
International Mixed Methods Research Association 's publication in a Journal of Mixed Methods
Research, Sage, and in the publication of various publications on mixed methods,
Hπ:/mmira.wildapricot.org.
2.2 Research Planning:
Plan of the research methodology is included with primary and secondary data collection process;
therefore, could be said, this study includes a mixed method. Outline of the methodology will
include an inductive approach for secondary data analysis and collection as well as deductive for
primary data collection and analysis (Attia and Edge, 2017). On the other hand, Positivism, and
interpretivism both research philosophies will be included in this study. Additionally, the application
of both exploratory and explanatory research design would be proper to follow up with the
primary and
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secondary data. Qualitative, quantitative, and secondary sources of information are helpful to fulfill
primary and secondary data collection needs.
2.3 Research onion:
Figure 1: Structure of onion research
From the above-attached figure, it could be said that research onion includes and underline the
overall structure, which helps describe the specific methods of the study in a systematic way. The
research onion has an overall six different levels that help to define the proper way of the
methodology of the study. The initial level of this research onion provides the concept of research
philosophy, the next level of this research onion offers the research approach and the fifth layers of
this onion are highlighting mixed-method purposes and the center of it has data collection and
analysis process (Saunders et al. 2009).
2.4 Research philosophy:
Positivism research theory caters to the idea that only realistic understanding has been achieved by
observations involving calculations. Positivism philosophy limits a researcher 's role to information
collection and interpretation through an objective process (Fulford and Hodgson, 2016).
At the other hand, interpretivism research theory adapts a relativistic ontology linked to the fact that
one case study or subject field may have multiple meanings rather than a fact that could be
underlined by the assessment process.
2.3.1. Examining the chosen philosophy:
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This study will be implementing both the Positivism and Interpretivism philosophy for conducting
the primary and secondary research philosophy. Interpretivism philosophy’s complex interpretations
with the help of various findings from different sources and overall trying to simplify the concept of
understanding for the entire population (Winit‐Watjana, 2016).
2.5. Research approach:
Among the established research approaches, this study has been identified to adhere to both the
inductive and deductive research philosophies as per the mixed method identified.
The inductive approach or inductive reasoning starts with an understanding of the present
observation results and theories or models that have been proposed to the end of any selected topic
area as an outcome of observations (McAbee et al., 2017). On the other hand, the Deductive
research approach could be addressed as increasing and formatting hypotheses based on present
theories, and after that developing research tactically to examine the hypotheses (Woiceshyn and
Daellenbach, 2018). This type of research approach follows the way of developing logical
conclusions of the collected data from observations.
2.4.1. Examining the chosen research approach:
From the above-arrested research approaches, it could be said that the inductive research approach
has been effective for the theoretical application of digital wellbeing applications in the mental and
physical health of individuals from the previous analysis field (Tuffour, 2017).
2.6. Design of the research:
In this study, the exploratory and explanatory research design was selected to effectively serve the
mixed method.
Explanatory research design is pursued to consider the scope and essence of correlations of cause
and effect in the study areas and understand how the effects will be (Rahi, 2017). This type of
research could be followed to evaluate the influences of specific changes on present norms, different
processes related to the subject area.
On the other hand, the exploratory research design is followed to have better results of the present
problematic areas that have been identified by the researcher, however, would not offer any type of
conclusive outcomes (Bhatt and Patel, 2020).
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2.5.1. Examining the chosen research Design:
exploratory research design has been selected for identification of the core problems in the present
area and then formatting the hypotheses for developing the structure of investigation and finally
obtaining data from both the qualitative and quantitative process for effective analysis of the
hypotheses made (Creswell and Creswell, 2017).
2.7. The strategy of this research:
This study has been decided to follow the survey, interviews, and secondary observations. This
study has applied the policy of surveys and interviews to gather relevant practical responses
regarding digital wellbeing and its effects while evaluating the collected data with the theoretical
secondary data for proposing some of the future possibilities in this field (Leavy, 2017).
2.8. Data collection process:
The data collection process could be broadly divided into two subsections including Primary and
Secondary data collection procedures. As per the investigations done by Heap and Waters (2019),
the primary data collection process could be addressed as collecting data from the field survey and
interview process. This type of data collection process includes collecting practical data that could be
calculated at the later stage.
Therefore, it could be said that both the qualitative and quantitative data collection process is
included in this process. This study has adopted both these types of data collection process through
surveying candidates and interviewing personnel.
On the other hand, the Secondary data collection process could be underlined as selecting and
finding theoretical information on the present digital wellbeing and its application from previously
done projects, articles, journals, and different web searches (Johnston, 2017). It has been identified
that thematic data analysis is one of the most effective evaluation processes of the secondary data
collected from various theoretical sources.
2.8.1. Sources of data:
As described in the previous section, sources of data in this study have been achieved from two
different bases. Effective in interpreting analyses and future results on the given area have also been
collected quality and quantity information from the primary data sources. The theoretically
determined data have also been collected from the secondary data supplies (Schoene et al .
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2017).
2.8.2. Data analysis techniques:
For the data analysis tools, the researcher here has applied the quantitative data analysis tool through
surveying selected participants, and for the qualitative data evaluation tool, the interview has been
identified as the most effective way (Fletcher, 2017). Additionally, this study has also served its
mixed approach purpose by adopting and developing four different themes taken from different
secondary information from various previously done and uploaded data.
2.9. Sampling technique:
The probability and unlikely methods for sampling in this analysis were all applied. The probability
sampling techniques have been adopted through the randomization technique for collecting
important and adequate secondary data (Etikan and Bala, 2017). On the other hand, the non-
probability sampling techniques have been adopted through semi-structured and in-depth interviews
for developing the primary data collection process.
This type of sampling tool if known for limiting scopes and chances of all the participants in a given
population to be a part of the study (Langer, 2018).
2.9.1. Sample size:
The sample size could be divided into two different parts. This sample size has also been deciding
based on the nature of the study and the time given to the researcher. It has been identified that for
conducting the primary data collection process, the researcher has selected 100 candidates namely
smart users of digital technologies have bee surveyed through survey questionnaire and for the
qualitative data collection process; three respective managers have been identified from different IT
service companies and they have been interviewed. Additionally, this study has searched different
theoretical sources and made four different themes for conducting the thematic secondary analysis
effectively.
2.10. Accessibility issue:
For this study, the researcher has to confront some of the matters while trying to evaluate associated
information for doing the entire study. It has been seen that; the researcher has saw issues while
gathering data from the managers of identified companies. The manager at the first was not enough
co-operative of providing time for conducting the telephonic interview.
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Therefore, some of the data has also not been achieved for time limitation.
2.11. Ethical consideration:
The researcher has taken the previous consents of the selected participants of this study with the help
of providing them with a personal consent form to fill up. After that, the researcher has followed the
Data Protection Act and ethics while gathering information. No participants have been forced to be a
part of the survey process. All the privacy-related concerns have been followed by the researcher and
candidates’ personal information has not been exposed (Gray, 2019). Additionally, the collected data
and interpretations have not been used for any commercial purposes.
2.12. Research limitation:
Categorization of the research limitations could be addressed here that the researcher has faced while
conducting the study. The first limitation that the researcher has faced is connected to the time
limitation; for that many detailed data and information has not been collected properly (Gray, 2019).
On the other hand, Budget constraints have also been faced by the researcher in due course of the
study. It has been found out that for budget limitations exploring and enhancing field analysis have
been limited that also impacted collecting more relevant data and the formation of the sample size.
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Summary:
From the above study and description of each method, it has been identified that methodology
development is a structured process and identification of the right methods, tools are influential for
how the entire study will be going to happen and how would the results would be collected. On the
other hand, from the entire research methodology, it has been identified that the given topic area also
has impacts on deciding what research tools and ways a researcher should adopt for achieving better
success in due course. In a nutshell, this part of the entire study is effective in developing an overall
knowledge regarding the processes included in a field and theoretical
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Evaluate different research approaches and methodology and make justifications for the choice of
methods selected based on philosophical/theoretical frameworks.
Evaluating research approaches and methodologies:
For the current research, primary data collection has been assumed for which positivism research
philosophy has been undertaken. There are certain advantages and disadvantages, the advantages
undertake, reliability, it is scientific in approach and thus, is more trustworthy. Positivism is effective
for forming a base for knowledge and it also stated neither regarding nor deriving any conclusion
from the initial stage of the implementation of positivism research philosophy. Positivism is effective
for deducing the targets and acquiring individual perceptions for finding appropriate in-depth results
for the research (Bresler and Stake, 2017).
Furthermore, positivism is effective for acquiring assurance regarding the aspects and factors
involved within research and this type of research philosophy is used for maintaining the consistency
of the research. Furthermore, the researcher would also be able to undertake an appropriate and wide
range of activities for supporting the findings of the research. The respective research philosophy is
observed to be dependent upon the well-established information. In addition to this, with the help of
positivism, the aspects of the variables and factors involved in the study can be examined to analyze
the relevance of the details of the research. Henceforth, this contributes towards the further
development of the research (Wiek and Lang, 2016).
Considering interpretivism, it is related to the philosophical situation of research, this is done with
the help of different approaches and phenomena through which the significance of conducting
research can be understood and acquire information regarding the autonomous aspects of the
research. Furthermore, the interpretivism is used for acknowledging the contrast of the variables and
aspects of the variable. The researcher is also able to implement appropriate strategies for the
development of the research and acquire an in-depth analysis (Taherdoost, 2016). Through this, it
becomes easier for the researcher to ensure that the hypothesis tested related to the research. This
would be useful for the research to acquire in-depth information regarding the research.
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Justification of research approach:
Inductive thinking is used for taking the explicit perceptions and take out general aspects from the
research, to derive deductive thinking along with general premises and acquire a divergent aspect
related to the research. Furthermore, there are different structures involved in a different manner
where the fundamental quality of the inductive research design is implemented. Along with this, the
former aspect is used for developing individual experience and setting up a chance for handling the
fundamental shortcomings of the research (Page et al., 2017).
On the other hand, the deductive approach is useful for testing the hypothesis and also effectively
highlights the argumentative aspects associated with the same. However, a deductive approach does
not support divergent thinking and thus, at times might also limit the scope of creativities within the
research. To some extent, the deductive approach is not much preferable in terms of involvement and
thus, lacks in better understanding of the concepts involved in the research. The explanation of the
aspects of the research is often difficult to keep in mind, thus, it requires different forms to be used
(Clandinin et al., 2017).
Justification of research design:
The main advantage of explanatory research design is that it is used for increasing understanding,
supports the flexibility of the sources, and helps in acquiring better conclusions for the same. Using
these benefits, researchers would gain the appropriate subject's understanding and explanation to
answer further research questions and also support a field of research.
Considering the exploratory research design, it is flexible and adaptable and thus, enables the
researcher to work from the ground level for research, it saves the time regarding researching from
an in-depth perspective (Cuervo‐Cazurra et al., 2017).
Exploratory research won't have the option to supplant indisputable, quantitative research.
Different organizations are inclined towards using exploratory investigations as last, decisive
research aspects. Most of the above-stated aspects are used for supplying subjective data, and
translation of the discoveries generally is critical.
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Justification of the chosen sampling techniques:
There are two different sampling techniques, such as random and non-random sampling techniques,
the technique is used to save time and monetary resources, thus effectively handling the research in-
depth. Considering probability sampling, there is a high chance for people to be chosen as a subject.
The entire testing process is performed in solitary advance with each subject selected autonomously
from various individuals; a key aspect of simple arbitrary testing is its representativeness of different
individuals, varying from study to study. Hypothetically, the only thing that can compromise for its
representativeness would be fortunate.
The hypothetical form, however, is called a sampling error. Conversely, considering random
sampling, it decreases viability, uncertainty and also offers skewed sampling and random sampling
errors are observed. These techniques were chosen for current research primary and secondary data
collection (Basias and Pollalis, 2018).
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Conduct primary and secondary research using appropriate methods for a computing research
project that consider costs, access and ethical issues.
Research Procedure:
Conducting a 'research' task can be described as a thorough investigation, specifically by searching

for new information from any knowledge branch. This is an initial addition to the current stock of
human information and can be used to facilitate development. The research methodology is the
systemic methods used for the classification, collection, process, and analysis of data during the
research. The methodology of a research paper is the methodological context within which the study
is carried out or the basis on which the study is focused. The segment on methodology addresses two
key questions: how have data been collected or produced? Why have they been analyzed?
The Research Methodology chapter explains research methods, techniques, and concepts indepth,
which illustrate the methods used in the study, to explain the preference, taking into account their
functional applicability in our study by explaining the advantages and disadvantages of any
approach. Several experts agree that the following two criteria should be followed when conducting
research methodology:
• First, the technique should be ideally suited for achieving research objectives.
• Additionally, the methods used in other work of the same type should be repeated.
Depending on the research objective, researchers choose the most important methodological
approach, either in the form of descriptions such as words or images (quality) or number
(quantitative) due to the distinction made between the nature of the data requested. -- researcher shall
also consider where the data is to be obtained, thus taking into account the advantages and
disadvantages between the collection of the original (primary) data or the use of the data already
collected by another person with a high reliability (secondary) level. The development of our
research strategy is an integral component of our research design.
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Primary & Secondary research:
Data obtain through original research or direct analysis is primary data. For instance, interviews and
discussion groups. Secondary research, on the other hand, is details that someone else has obtained
in the past. For instance, a study on the internet, journal papers, and business studies, for example.
Primary Research Methods:
Various primary research approaches exist like observation. Seeing how consumers behave gives us
many perspectives, but questions can be left unanswered, inquiries by email or postal, call
interviews, video interviews, inquiries online, in-person surveys, the focus groups, and marketing
research.
Secondary Research Methods:
Secondary research popular examples include textbooks, encyclopedias, news stories, reviews, and
meta-analyzes. Data from public academic papers, public policy documents, statistical sources, and
historical records can be obtained while conducting secondary research.
Two data sources are available: Technical data gathering. Primary analyzes are conducted using
investigations, experiments or direct observations. Secondary data collection can occur by collecting
or storing information from a variety of documents electronically.
Technical data collection:
The analysis of primary data uses surveys , experiments or direct observations. Secondary data
collection can occur by electronically collecting or storing data from a range of documents.
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Whether or not data is reliable:

Data collected can be declared reliable and valid as regards the primary method of data collection
and data and information from human perceptions are integrated. For this, 50 customers and 2
managers would be surveyed to analyze their perception regarding the mental and physical health of
smartphone users with the help of creating awareness regarding digital issues. The researcher would
be able to acquire different information and data by surveying the customers as different customers
would put forth different perceptions regarding the research topic. Additionally, the managers would
be asked regarding the role of digital well-being applied for the enhancement of mental and physical
health. Secondary data collection would undertake the accumulation of information from articles and
journals for a better understanding of the trend of digital wellbeing applications and its impact on the
customers (King and Mackey, 2016).
1. Sources:
This research would have different primary and secondary data collection methods, the sources can
be said as online platforms such as survey monkeys to conduct customer surveys. This would be
easier, convenient, and time-saving for the customers and as well as for the researcher. In-case of
interviewing the managers, researchers have to conduct that face to face, as it is difficult to interview
online platforms. For secondary data collection methods, recently published articles and peer-
reviewed journals have been chosen as the best source for successful completion of the research.
2. Association of costing:
It can be stated that the researcher had to face financial shortages, due to various segments of
research procedures like planning, Surveys, Focus groups, Interviews, Experiments/ Fields Trials,
observation, Analysis, And Presentation.
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The following table is an example of costing criteria of a research project in brief:
But, there have been no such severe issues regarding the collection of information for the current
research, though, the researcher might arrange for different funding ways to acquire more finance
for his research one of them could be stakeholders and others could be NGOs and many other IT
related organizations.
However, in case this is not possible, the research would be collected using the sources which have
been already acquired.
4. Access (How did we collect data):
The researcher needs to consider how to gain access to the conduct of research. Access is made by
persuading people that the researcher has decided on who should inform them when conducting
research.
Depending on the type of cases being investigated, access to the research field can vary significantly.
For example, it may be easier for large companies to enter, because their managers will understand
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time costs. Questionnaires are also viewed as more realistic than interviews and observations for
these circumstances. According to Van Maanen and Knolb (1985), it is important to gain access to
the research sector. As per ethnographic studies, discussions are not performed in the researchers'
environments. It is really important to have social skills. To carry out our research, we must gain the
confidence and acceptance of the participants. This would include strategic planning, hard work, and
possibilities. Also, researchers considered externals to an organization are often not welcome,
especially when they ask sensitive and embarrassing questions (Okumus et al, 2007).
Initially, the researcher had to decide the sampling technique required for conducting the two types
of data collection methods. After this, the customers and managers were selected with the help of a
non- probability sampling technique where an in-depth analysis of the interview was to be
conducted. For the execution of secondary data collection, a random sampling technique has been
adopted for the selection of appropriate and suitable articles and journals as per the research topic.
The researcher kept the main focus on the customers who are the smartphone users of digital
technologies and managers were from IT organizations. Additional aspects of this research are the
usage of different theoretical sources and accordingly, themes are developed using the journals and
articles.
5. Ethical consideration:
One of the most important elements in research can be defined as ethical considerations. If this
component is missing, research may also fail.
The researcher has taken the previous consents of the selected participants of this study with the help
of providing them with a personal consent form to fill up. After that, the researcher has followed the
Data Protection Act and ethics while gathering information. No participants have been forced to be a
part of the survey process.
In terms of the most important ethical considerations of research methods Bryman and Bell ( 2007)
say the following ten points:
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1. Study participants should not suffer any harm whatsoever.
2. Respect for researchers' reputation should be prioritized.

3.Before the study, participants should obtain full consent.
4. Protecting research participants ' privacy must be ensured.
5. 5. The data from the study should remain adequately confidential.
6. 6. The participants and organizations in the study must remain anonymous.
7. 7. There must be no distortion or exaggeration of research objectives.
8. 8. Memberships, funding sources and potential conflicts of interest must be declared in any
context.
9. Any research correspondence should be honest and transparent.
10. All types of misleading information and biased representation of the results of the primary
data must be avoided and the data and interpretations collected are not used for any business
purpose.
The data collected is ethical and this can be said as the researcher ensured that the data collected
from the primary and secondary data collection would solely be used for this particular research and
not for any other random purposes.
Furthermore, the identities of the customers and managers would be kept confidential for security
purposes and to ensure the candidates that no harm would be caused to them due to these data
collection methods. For the data collected from secondary methods; the entire credibility of the
article has been given to the author who has written the paper. Copyright Act 1976, the Data
Protection Act 1998, and the Privacy Amendment Act 2000 are not violated. These legislations are
implemented for the protection of the information and prevent accessibility of the same from any
unauthorized person or a third party (Hickson, 2016).
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Apply appropriate analytical tools analyse research findings and data.

Research Essentials:
The methodology used: Mixed Method
Mixed methods research are research methods that include quantitative (e.g. tests, surveys) and
qualitative (e.g. focus groups or interviews) data selection, interpretation, and integration.
Analytical Tool used: MS Excel
Microsoft Excel is well known for offering powerful tools that can be used for systematization,
analysis, visualization, sharing, and management of knowledge to make better-informed data
decisions and conclusions.
The above appropriate analytical tool and method applied for analyzing research findings and data
are survey and interview process for the sample and candidates identified above through
questionnaires. For the secondary data and thematic analysis, two respective articles have been
evaluated. Results and analysis are listed below; Quantitative data collection and analysis:
1. Have you have ever gone through any of the following?
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(Source: Created by the Learner)
Analysis: From the above data collected, it has been understood that most smartphone users in the
advent of technology feeling from stress due to several reasons. Around 60% of the total population
have arrested that suffering from stress are somehow common and currently happening in the daily
life of people despite their work types and age. Not only that around 30% of the candidates have said
that feeling anxiety or depression is one of the prominent mental problems a young age is suffering
from. This is not an effective sign of digital wellbeing awareness and protection among the users.
2. Have we had supported any of the matters listed below?
Table 3: Mental & Physical health wellbeing support and awareness
Analysis:
In case of supports provided or offered; be it verbal or in-hand support to the distress people, it has
been noticed that around 30% of the population have suggested no or being neutral. Only 20% of
smartphone users have raised their votes for being supportive. This indicates to the fact that in
practice, the digital wellbeing is not helping people effectively. Users are not either expressing their
feeling or being neglected somehow depending on the situation. On the other hand, digital
awareness- raising steps on popular social media platforms are still not effective.
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3. Do you recently apply the internet to any of the matters?
Facebook
Table 4: Social media and internet activeness on digital wellbeing
Analysis:
From the above data collection results, it could be said that the use or application of Facebook for
these matters are most among the smartphone users and selected population nowadays. It has been
seen that around 30% of the people are active on Facebook daily; whereas, the popularity of
Twitter and
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reviewing blogs are not also limited counting to 20% respectively. These results are depicting the
fact that these are main triggered points that companies should use in case of spreading digital
wellbeing and safety. On the other hand, From the above results, it could be said that the activity of
chartrooms, Instagram in case of spreading wellbeing awareness should also be used through
including interesting and educative content or personal accounts or experiences that could help in
attracting people’s attention.
4. How you will mark the effect of social media on physical & mental health?
Positive or effective
Table 5: Social media impact on digital wellbeing of users
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Analysis:
The above direct question regarding social media influence on mental health issues is a little bit
confusing. It could be said that most of the candidates are remain either in a neutral position or stated
in a negative sense. Around 30% and 50% of the populations respectively have nodded for these
options. This could be interpreted as the ineffectiveness of social media in the mental wellbeing of
smartphone users. Additionally, the low level (20%) of responses are indicating to the fact that social
media digital wellbeing awareness is not devoid of its negative usages and impacts on the minds and
thought process of users. Of course, it could be said that people who share or read the matters related
to this area are prone to getting negative impacts from the viewers and these negative comments are
also affecting the situations by demotivating them in most cases. Additionally, the reliability of the
sources is also another concern that IT companies should take into consideration.
5. Which of the following characteristics may you like to face on a new website targeted
for advertising digital wellbeing and mental health recovery?
Data on innovative activities
Table 6: Mental health wellbeing support and awareness
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Analysis:
From the above results accounted, it could be said that video or documentaries are one of the most
popular mediums for users to communicate or understand the reasons and impacts of wellbeing,
physical, and mental health. Around 40% of the total respondents have said that in social media or
in any website documentation and video sharing with the contents that the company wants to spread
are most effective in gaining attention from the users for their direct interaction and addressing the
viewers. On the other hand, Blogs and local events are also one of the powerful characteristics that
companies need to add to the websites and spread the news or effective cases of digital wellbeing to
the users. Around, 20% of the total respondents have respectively addressed interests in seeing more
innovative and new content on the websites through these mediums.
Qualitative data collection and analysis
How you would relate data ownership, safety, and its influence on democracy?
Response from the first manager
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From the responses of the first manager, it has been understood that various scandalous incidents in
2018 including the election hacking as well as information thefts, users are starting to question
regarding what information organizations have for them and how these companies could keep this
private and in which way they will apply it for the safety of personal data. The information collection
and commercial rights are also in the queue and could be one of the major concerns for the
companies. These have also direct relation with the data security and democracy as well as data
communication, and ownership structure of the companies.
Response from the second manager:
On the other hand, from the response of the second manager, it has been understood that companies
should concentrate on promoting the basic idea of hackability and the level to which machines and
technology understand more regarding them than they do regarding themselves. It has also been
understood that how the digital hacking cases of important information regarding personal
information is affecting the wellbeing of users and their reliability on the internet. Therefore,
companies need to combine all these concerns and try to find out the effective measures for digital
wellbeing of their consumers.
Secondary thematic analysis
Digital wellbeing and social safeness of smartphone users:
According to the views and investigation did by Goldberg et al. (2019), smartphone users,
specifically the young generation people are needed to increase wellbeing as well as a social safety
policy. It has been reviewed that despite this kind of policy and concerns, there is recently no proper
measures exist to evaluate the digital wellbeing and well as their safeness. It has been accounted for
by Gui et al. (2017), that school children and teenage people are the most vulnerable points in digital
wellbeing and cyber harshness. Therefore, companies need to take adequate steps in this matter to
safeguard personal data protection. On the other hand, it has been pointed out that various institutions
also need to increase digital wellbeing and social safety understanding among the students so that
they could be able to understand the necessities and usefulness of this term and its conditions.
Outside mobile applications:
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A review of digital technologies for physical and mental Well-being:
As per the studies and evaluation are done by Woodward et al. (2019), it has been proved that
different technological developments have impacted on the smartphone as well as tangible devices
that are user interfaces in which an individual communicating with the digital modifications with the
help of physical conditions; these could include sensors to evaluate physiological changes and
wellbeing with helping alleviate the mental stress individual are experiencing.
Corresponding to this fact Castellacci and Tveito (2018) have accounted that these types of
initiatives taken by companies are effective in providing the latest chances to use non-invasive tools
for the characteristics of health care to evaluate and help physical and mental health situations like
back & neck pain, text claws, weak sleep, radiation, bacteria exposure, emotional issues, stress,
anxiety disorders in real-time and many more.
Discuss merits, limitations and pitfalls of approaches to data collection and analysis.
Background of data collection process:
As per the previously stated concerns regarding the digital wellbeing, mental and physical health of
smartphone users, this study has focused on searching information and effectiveness of digital
wellbeing apps available on the internet and how smartphone users could avail them.
The above-stated data collection process has been developed based on the concerns that what are the
frequent concerns and mental troubles that smartphone users are facing and if there is any need to
use the digital wellbeing apps from the internet.
It has been identified that the selected sample of 50 candidates has age variation, but the nutshell
information is the same for them. Smartphone users face problems frequent problems like physical
and mental stress, depression, which are not only limited to social media sites, rather, it has been
analyzed that these problems are also related to people who are obsessed with various websites, apps
and certain gaming or application alongside with mental issues, addiction of using a smartphone,
users developed physical issues a well.
For instance, it has been identified that young people who are obsessed with gaming are expressing
or have been found out to be rude, impatient, and facing problems with their social interaction.
These could be contributed to the symptoms or initial signs that their social and practical daily life
communication is getting limited and this is the juncture when bullying or any types of malicious
attacks into their digital world could unstable their mental strength.
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Merits and justification of data collection and analysis:
This investigation has applied as per the research methodology structured at the earlier stage. It has
been found out that two types of data collection processes have been applied in this research of
identifying gaps and the influence of digital wellbeing on the mental and physical health of
smartphone users.
It has been noticed at the first place that Primary data collection process has been applied for
collecting data from the candidates who are either aware or learned about the operations and
functions of digital wellbeing applications and digital wellbeing process conducted by various IT
companies and in the social media application (Arnott and Pervan 2016).
First, it has been identified that effective implementation of the qualitative data collection process
has helped in analyzing the management and control measures from the managers who have been
asked specific questions of this type of initiative.
On the other hand, it has been identified that digital wellbeing has an impact on society overall. On
the other side, the application of quantitative data collection could be justified by its collection of
first- hand data from Smartphone users.
It could be said that the merits of the quantitative data collection process are that several responses
from the current smartphone user population have been underlined that help represent the fact that
still digital wellbeing aspect is not promoted effectively to the people and their needs more
constructive steps from the companies to do so.
In the second phase, the merit of secondary data collection could be justified by the fact that those
article and theme have been developed are relevant to the current problem and progress.
It has been identified that secondary sources have important investigation results done previously
that should be reviewed by practitioners in case of finding any missing link (Arnott and Pervan
2016). Future predictions on the digital wellbeing initiative from these sources could be drawn
effectively.
Data collection approaches and analysis limitations and pitfalls:
Opposite from the above merits, the current evaluation of the data collection and analysis has pointed
out some of the limitations and pitfalls in this area.
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Initially, it could be said that while applying the qualitative data collection process, the researcher
should be a little more specific in constructing the questions.
Some of the questions have not been direct relation with the digital wellbeing operations and the
digital wellbeing apps development process.
Most specifically, it could be said that the qualitative data identified, and all the information are
lacking mention of the applications of digital wellbeing, which could be considered as one of the
limitations of data collection approach and analysis (Queirós et al., 2017).
Though, it should be mentioned here that overall time and cost challenges if existed to the researcher
then, this type of critical analysis and qualitative data collection would not be completed. This type
of pitfall researchers may face during the procedure.
On the other hand, it has been reviewed that the application of the quantitative data collection
process is also not devoid of limitation.
The survey questions prepared by the researcher sometimes has a theoretical coverage of the digital
wellbeing fact and its impact on the physical and mental health conditions of the candidates. In this
situation, we may cluster as pitfalls of data collection approach. Therefore, the analysis part is also
developed depending on the questions and their responses.
It could be said that if the questions are carefully prepared to identify the application on the internet
regarding digital wellbeing (as there are various digital wellbeing apps are available), then the
responses could be more specific regarding how smartphone users are aware of this fact that how
they should effectively download them for their personal uses (Queirós et al., 2017).
In case of secondary data collection and analysis limitation, it could be said that from the analysis
and thematic development, it has been found out that there is still lack of theoretical works based on
the topic, which is not effective as this would pose overall lack of knowledge and understanding
even between the practitioners. Therefore, effective application and understanding from the
participants and overall smartphone users should not be expected.
It could be said that the secondary data collection should be done for finding the relevant data and
sources where not only the digital wellbeing is mentioned but also hint or mention of the application
has been given as well as these data should be related to found the fact that how different countries
and IT companies are doing and planning in this field.
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Critically evaluate research methodologies and processes in application to a computing research

project to justify chosen research methods and analysis.
Processes and methodologies of research in the application:
The background of computing research projects has been based on the digital wellbeing, mental and
physical health effects of social media, online use, and obsession with mobile various features and
options, websites, information bank, apps and gaming that connects people among smartphone users.
It has been seen that found out that there is a need to analyze the application of this entire research to
an application that could be easily downloaded by smartphone users and circulate for developing a
healthy relationship and avoiding any digital hazards.
It could be said that information from the data collection is pointing to the fact that mental stress,
depression, malicious comments, various alerts are commonly faced by smartphone users and they
are more or less aware of the digital wellbeing concept and how this could lead to physical and
mental ill-health.
Therefore, as per this information, a digital application could be developed, which will be available
in GooglePlay and App store so that smartphone users could easily download them for their personal
use. This app will produce auto alerts and questionnaires to the users as per their quires and concerns
about the overuse of smartphones and their impact on their mental and physical health.
Filing up this questionnaire and submitting it will assist the users in underlining the severity of the
symptoms with alerts along with various articles and video files that could be uploaded in this app so
that smartphone users could be aware of what of the problems and its remedies.
Critical evaluation of research methodologies, processes, and justification:
This section will help in demonstrating and justifying data collection procedures, sampling tools with
limitations, ethical consideration, research design, and accessibility issues that are important.
• The interpretivism philosophy has been selected for its effectiveness in gaining an indepth
understanding of the given topic.
• Positivism research philosophy is effective in identifying a certain population that is

important for this research and conducting both the qualitative and quantitative data
collection process through an objective stance (Basias and Pollalis, 2018).
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• A secondary study with an increasing understanding of relative theories was chosen for the
inductive research approach.
• The deductive approach to research has been chosen to examine the application of digital
welfare to a given population in practical terms and to determine the deviation between
current and past results.
• The application of explanatory research design has been selected for this might play an
instrumental responsibility in the context of understanding causes behind a variety of
operations done through digital wellbeing along with evaluating the influences of changes on
the present concepts, practices, and others (Veal, 2017).
• As per the investigations done by Heap and Waters (2019), the primary data collection
process could be addressed as collecting data from the field survey and interview process.
• It has been identified that thematic data analysis is one of the most effective evaluation
processes of the secondary data collected from various theoretical sources.
• Additionally, this research has also served its mixed approach purpose by adopting and
developing four different themes taken from different secondary information from various
previously done and uploaded data.
• It has been identified that the given topic area also has impacts on deciding what research
tools (Ms. Excel) and ways a researcher should adopt for achieving better success in due
course.
Communicate research outcomes in an appropriate manner for the intended audience.
The research was being conducted to investigate the role of digital wellbeing application in
enhancing the mental and physical health of Smartphone users by creating awareness regarding the
digital hazards through the mixed media method, which is from the articles and journals and
conducting surveys. This showed that most people are ignorant of digital wellbeing however they
know about the digital hazards the smartphones can cause. This study aimed to let people know
about maintaining a healthy relationship with their smartphones.
Audience/Stakeholders:
Here, the intended audience is Smartphone users. They are the ones who are being taken into
consideration for conducting the research and derive the outcomes. They are the ones who got
engaged in the research; underline is their interest which will be discussed here.
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Though these stakeholders include smartphone users, Manufacturers, employees, managers,

shareholders, etc. These all are in fact audience or stakeholders who are interested in the research
outcome as their health, business, and work gets affected by the information that is being provided
by this research.
As it has been told earlier that the research is all about establishing a healthy relationship between
the smartphones and their users. This is done for the sake of minimizing the digital hazards and
enhancing a healthy life and healthy use of smartphones (Devito, et al., 2019).
The audience that is the Smartphone users will be interested because it is conducted for their sake
and acknowledging those, they will be able to achieve a better life. As the researcher being a
smartphone user itself the best communication method will be an online survey with questionnaires
containing short and simple questions that are easy for the participants to take part in. Not only that it
is a timesaving process the participants will find out their own time to answer the questions and they
won’t feel burdened. This has been proved to have given a better result.
Communicating research outcomes:
Communication can be established using different methods, and all are quite effective.
Different ways of transmitting information include written words, spoken words, blogging, web, and
presentation. These are the mediums used in the research from which the researcher derived the
result. There are several ways by which we exchange information from one to another. Like verbal
communication which might use sign language or speak. Using a strong and confident speaking
voice while avoiding filtering words (Choudary, 2018). Written communication is another quite
effective and efficient method of communication like preparing questionnaires and or sending emails
or memo surveys or even online communication.
The communication medium is the medium or a channel by which the speaker and the audience
establish communication through physical media and mechanical media like a report, presentations,
and online surveys. The online survey is the most and the best possible way to conduct this particular
study research.
Convincing arguments:
No matter what the medium or the method will be of the conducted research the audience should
have little or no knowledge about the research process. According to the learner, the participants
must be well aware of the importance of conducting this research and the purpose of it and how it
will benefit them. They should be well aware of the reason and the topic of the research, but it need
not tell them about the process of the research which is believed to give an honest and spontaneous
reply to the questions (Taylor, 2018).
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A sudden approach to the participants often derives truthful, genuine, and straightforward answers. It
provides a systematic method to study the program, interview, practice, or to understand how
effectively and well it will be going to achieve the goals. Nevertheless, all research should be
convincing and presented logically. The question must be short and simple so that it becomes
understandable for all kinds of audiences.
It has been seen that most of the participants prefer closed-ended questions over open-ended.
Therefore, it must be kept in mind that the questionnaire must contain both closed and openended
questions presented locally. Such that the audience can relate to the questions, which will facilitate
them in answering.
Coherently and logically communicate outcomes to the intended audience demonstrating how
outcomes meet set research objectives.
This research was conducted to understand smartphone users ' daily use of smartphones and how
inseparable it is in today's world. But the problem is that the increasing digital health issues that are
associated with it are increasingly growing concerned among the people. This is why the researcher
has conducted this study to closely verify the issue and find out some ways to mitigate the problem.
The outcomes that are being expected are the data and the information that are being collected from
the investigation and the survey that is being conducted (Ranieri et al., 2017). A Lot of information
has been taken from the articles, magazines, and the previous research report. The main aim is to
improve the digital wellbeing and to design the technology in such a manner that the harmful effects
are minimized and promotes healthy relation between the user and the smartphones. This is done for
the sake of minimizing the digital hazards and enhancing a healthy life and healthy use of
smartphones.
The be interested because it is conducted for their sake and acknowledging those, they will be
audiences that are the smartphone users however it also includes, smartphone manufacturers,
stakeholders (shareholders, managers, employees, etc.) will able to achieve a better life. Digital
wellbeing considerations include limited screening time that can be over a minute or an hour.
Reducing
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the strain in the eyes of the user. The products must have dark panels to limit the screen lights and
features to adjust the light which will be soothing for the eyes.
A study has said that overuse of smartphones leads to some serious mental and physical health
issues like, trouble completing work, loneliness, obscure smartphone use, fear of missing out, feeling
nervous, stress, panic also physical health issues like neck pain, tendinitis (text claw), weak sleep
quality, ionizing radiation, exposure to bacteria, emotional problems additionally the endless feeds in
social media like Instagram and Facebook make the users stick to their phones and the endless
scrolling impacts the brain and eyes badly. This often leads to depression, anxiety, impulsiveness,
ADHD, etc (Peters et al., 2018).
This research has also shown that most of the people are suffering from these above-mentioned
mental and physical health issues, while going inside it reveals that overuse leads to these problems,
especially depression and anxiety. Furthermore, it also leads to sleeping disorders and irregular
sleeping patterns which is a serious issue of today’s world.
The study also reveals that most people are unaware of the fact that these are caused by the overuse
of digital devices (World Health Organization, 2019). But the problem is that these have become an
inseparable part of our daily life.
Therefore, establishing a healthy relationship with digital media has become increasingly important.
The research has received a good response from the participants and has given a detailed insight into
the people’s minds, which gave an idea to the researcher that the technologies can no way be
separated from the people.
Therefore, the outcomes gave an overall idea of how it can be managed with digital wellbeing tools.
Like website blockers, with this few websites can be blocked, for a certain period or sometimes
forever, according to the convenience of the users. Implementing app timers which limit the use of a
certain app. This helps in limiting the use of the app per day. Also setting up various alerts in terms of
overuse and health issues could be an additional feature in the application of digital wellbeing.
Lastly, Google Shush is the feature that puts the device to not to disturb mode or flips the screen to
grayscale at a specific period (during bedtime) (Medina and Todd, 2017)
The outcomes that have been derived from the research helps in understanding the gaps and the areas
of concern which the audience must know about.
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This research has met the objectives of the research and help in deriving more specific and wellbuilt
applications and features of the future smartphones which will minimize the negative impacts and
enhance the wellbeing of the users.
Communicate critical analysis of the outcomes and make valid, justified recommendations.
It has been discussed previously there are several ways by which we exchange information from one
to another. Like verbal communication which might use sign language or speak. Using a strong and
confident speaking voice while avoiding filtering words.
Written communication is another quite effective and efficient method of communication like
preparing questionnaires and or sending emails or memo surveys or even online communication.
The most preferred medium is the online survey of the closed-ended questions such that the audience
can relate to the questions, which will facilitate them in answering (Trencher and Karvonen, 2019).
Take advantage of new technologies and make use of them.
Interviews with people require a lot of work and are time-consuming, so sampling is the best way.
The researchers must pay equal attention in mixed media methods to qualitative and quantitative
methods, since they can create realistic restrictions on data collection or because one type of data
collection needs to be understandable and proceed to one another.
According to the learner, the participants must be well aware of the importance of conducting this
research and the purpose of it and how it will benefit them. They should be well aware of the reason
and the topic of the research, but it need not tell them about the process of the research which is
believed to give an honest and spontaneous reply to the questions (Bordi et al., 2018).
A sudden approach to the participants often derives truthful, genuine, and straightforward answers.
Emphasizing the short replies are been the best method since it quick and it allows surveying quite a
lot of people, which gives a better understanding. The expected outcome of the research is to identify
gaps and areas of concern.
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This will lead to more strategic and technologically advanced ways to solve the issues besides
educating people about the negative impacts of overusing smartphones.
It has been identified that given topic areas also have impacts on deciding what research tools and
ways a researcher should adopt for achieving better success in due course.
Reflect on the effectiveness of research methods applied for meeting objectives of the business
research project.
Effectiveness of applied research methods on the research project:
Plan of the research methodology is included with primary and secondary data collection process;
therefore, could be said, this research includes a mixed method. The outline of the methodology will
include an inductive approach for secondary data analysis and collection as well as deductive for
primary data collection and analysis. Along with this, both research philosophies will be included in
this study.
Both the quantitative, qualitative, and secondary sources of information will be helpful to fulfill
primary and secondary data collection needs (El Saddik, 2018). When it comes to effectiveness the
mixed media is one of the most effective means of communication and conducting research, which
gives out the best result of the research. Mix media makes use of the aggregate data, and it is one of
the simplest forms.
The mixed-media includes prevention of the false-positive outcomes due to population and related
structures, rather it gives accurate and specific results. This increases power and accuracy in the
study, besides lowering the computational cost.
The research has also made use of the data analysis tools through surveying selected participants and
for the quantitative data evaluation tools. Conducting interviews has always been the most identified
and effective way of meeting the objectives of computing research projects. This method gives a
detailed insight into the minds of the participants which leads to an in-depth study. The information
and the data that are being collected on conducting the study gives much detailed and appropriate
information.
Additionally, this study has searched different theoretical sources and made two different themes for
conducting the thematic secondary analysis effectively.
51
Meeting the research objectives of the research project:
As discussed above, the researchers have found what they need for research using the mixed method.
In the mixed method, researchers approached primary and secondary research and found that the
audience was right when it came to answering the questionnaires.
The outcomes of the research interview and it turned out that overuse of smartphones caused the
user's mental and physical illness. This proved to be the first objective and the audience supported
the research process, and I was inspired by their backing.
In the research procedures, the outcomes that researchers have found and was shared with the
audiences, eventually they admit that they want apps that should be with the smartphones with all the
configurable features along with various alerting system so that they can avoid the danger of mental
and physical illness. With this achievement, the second objective purpose has been achieved.
Analysis and assessment of the above research outcomes prove that the digital wellbeing application
should be an integral application with the smartphone. It needs to upload into the application’s
database all the research questionnaires and outcomes have researched using an integration software
(ms excel) to make it uploadable and acceptable data and turning this new type of application into
usable for the audiences. Since the application's database will have a new database of research
questionnaires and research outcomes and all this information has been collected from users, so users
will be able to configure this application as per their requirements and as they see it fit. As per the
configuration, the application will be creating various alerts to safeguard the users and if necessary
application might turn the screen off, even it can turn the smartphone’s power off to escape the
danger and avoid any mental and physical hazards that might occur from overuse of smartphones.
The above assessment of using Digital Wellbeing Application is fairly welcomed and well fitted
among the audiences as per the mixed methods research approach, so the third objective has been
achieved.
52
Consider alternative research methodologies and lessons learnt in view of the outcomes.
Considering alternative research method and its application:
From the above study, it could be seen that mixed-method have been applied in this research, and
analysis of the mixed method based on the selected topic has also been done with the data collection
and secondary data collection and result identification.
The primary data collection and analysis method here might be suggested in comparison. Qualitative
and quantitative data collection methods are known to include the primary procedure. In order to
analyze and classify the exact number of uses of targeting mobile well-being applications, this
research will use the quantitative data analysis approach (Pearsón, 2017).
In this regard, it could be said that the Primary method could be applied through only qualitative data
analysis. As this study has shown that certain among people have been targeted to survey
questionnaires, the alternative research methodology would be conducted on the students and how
smartphone usage is affecting their mental and physical health conditions.
In this way, a particular and concise population should be studied. This will bring the opportunity to
the researcher to focus more on a particular segment of the population he or she what to study.
Generally, this type of approach toward research methodology and research in general given more
in- depth results and analysis.
On the other hand, in the case of alternative methodology application for the same study, it could be
said that deductive research design, explanatory research approach could be applied. Application of
these types of methodologies would be effective in identifying the main problematic areas related to
smartphone usage and the frequency of mobile application usage among the students to understand
their mental health conditions (Reider, 2017).
This type of study will also helpful in developing the overall scope of the study by evaluating the
problems and its critical influence on current conditions based on what research area has been
chosen.
53
54
Lessons learned in the view of outcomes:
Application of the Primary data collection and analysis alone could help in collecting more practical
information on how much Mobile application is present in the market and how much people are
aware of that.
Through these research methodologies, it could be easy to track the different mobile applications and
their features as part of the survey analysis. This will help the researcher in underling how many
applications are effective and modified for people so that they could get any useful answers if asked
questions in the applications (Busse et al., 2017).
Additionally, it could be said that the application of this method could be compared with the lessons
learned from the previous study conducted. It could be said that the previously mixed methodology
applied in this study has been proved effective in the identification of the previous studies in the
same field of the computing research project.
Though it could be said that smartphone users’ mental health and impact of the smartphone on users’
mental health and wellbeing is still a controversial issue, therefore, application of field analysis and
data collection would be more effective and practical in this context.
It could be said that primary data analysis methodology would be used by suggesting a particular
application of mental health detection and wellbeing that is popular among the users as per its
download times. Then the researcher would ask the same group regarding what they find most
effective features of this application and how they are going to help the affected people.
In this regard, this type of survey is also useful in identifying the limitations of the application and
taking suggestions from the users, development in the application could be done effectively in the
future (Busse et al., 2017). In a nutshell, it could be said that applying Primary research
methodologies only is also effective and the researcher should investigate time on providing more
inclusive and practical results from the study that are valid and could be implied in future study
development.
55
56
Provide critical reflection and insight that result in recommended actions for improvements and
future research considerations.
Qualities of the research process and data collection:
Initially, a mixed research approach could be achieved through secondary and primary data
collection and analyses through the research and data collection process described above.
This research has demonstrated the efficacy of the secondary data collection and analysis, which
brings about the theoretical empirical study in the selected field of research (Molina-Azorin, 2016).
It could be said that through the application of the secondary data collection, the researcher has been
capable of collecting the previous studies done on the impact on smartphones of people and how the
wellbeing applications are helping people in the digital age.
Through the application, of this type of data analysis method, the theoretical base of the entire study
has been developed effectively. Understanding the topic and research area is equally important for a
researcher as the practical study development.
On the other hand, the primary data collection merits could be judged through its effectiveness in the
survey method. The researcher has helped survey selected groups of people and the actual use of
applications for mental and physical illness and wellbeing have been understood here (Täuscher and
Laudien, 2018).
The responses gathered through this methodology would be helpful for future studies in case of
underlining how much growth had been done in mental and physical illness and wellbeing
treatments and how the future treatments should be done.
Restrictions of the research process and data collection:
Although it could be said that the mixed study method and application of methodology proved
effective in various aspects of this study, some limitations were halted. For the secondary data
collection process, access to information is still considered one of the greatest limitations for any
given study area. This study is also not exempted from that.
Though the empirical study is important in understanding theoretical and knowledge development,
such information has not been achieved by the researcher due to limit access credibility (Madondo
and Phiri, 2018).
57
It could be said that if more critical studies have been achieved then the results of the secondary data
collection could be more holistic. On the other hand, some of the articles and journals have been
rejected by the researcher due to its credibility issues, therefore, in the secondary study and data
collection credibility analysis becomes a limitation here.
Drawbacks of approaches to data collection and analysis:
The inconveniences of data collection and evaluation approaches are indicated here based on the
main methodology of data analysis. The primary data collection has one of the common limitations,
which is time. It could be said that due to time limitations the survey group could not be developed
more.
Usually, in mobile mental and physical health and wellbeing, identification and survey on a large
number of populations could have been more constructive in evaluating the impact. It could be said
that due to time limitation proper and in-depth analysis of the population has not been done
(Mekkodathil et al., 2019).
On the other hand, it could be said that the results of primary data analysis have been done using
Excel and as a software here. Though this type of analysis is common and fundamental, the
simulation study could have been done for the understanding frequency of mobile application uses
for mental and physical wellbeing, and the level of the population is encouraged using it in the
future.
Additionally, it could be said that due to time limitations in the primary research analysis and data
collection, the qualitative study has not been done so structurally (Mekkodathil et al., 2019). The
qualitative study included interviewing managers from the app developing organizations and how
they think about mobile applications in tracking and resolving mental and physical health issues.
The questions were limited; therefore, perceptions and future development scope could not be
identified as expected.
Reasons for selecting this research method and analysis:
One of the main reasons for applying the mixed method in the research of studying the role of digital
wellbeing application in enhancing the mental and physical health of Smartphone users by creating
awareness regarding the digital hazards is that its holistic approach.
It could be said that through applying the mixed method, the researcher has been able to study both
levels and areas of research and included that in this study (McKim, 2017). The mixed methodology
58
includes the collection of both primary and secondary data; both the theoretical and practical aspects
59
have emerged. On the other hand, it could be said that another effective reason for using this
research method is its applicability in future studies.
In future studies, the researches will be benefited from using both the research results, and even if
they want to evaluate any one of the research results; they could also do that (Morse, 2016).
Collaborating both secondary and primary data analysis and results are more advisable and realistic
than applying any singular data collection methodology.
Recommended actions for future improvements and research considerations:
Though the concerned method has been proved to be excellent with conducting the concerned
research and market analysis, few recommendations are listed here to make it better.
Firstly, comes the primary analysis of the market which will give an overall idea of the market and
the audiences and the perception of the people. Then comes scheduling, which is setting a schedule
and a framework of the research to meet the deadlines.
Use new technologies and take advantage of them. Interviews are very time-consuming and effort-
intensive and the most safe way compared to interviews is by sampling (Hasan and Linger 2016).
However, it too requires careful selection of people to avoid bias. The researcher must have been
putting more attention on the digital wellbeing research which gives a better outcome though it is a
difficult process.
The researcher must pay equal attention in mixed methods to both qualitative and quantitative
methods because it may result in functional limitations of data collection or because one type of data
collection must be understood and continued to the next. There are several obstacles and obstacles
(Anderson & Rainie 2018). It is not at all an easy procedure.
Therefore, researching social media and online research is the best and the most convenient way to
deal with the situation. It is the best way as it saves time for both the researcher and the participants.
60
Demonstrate reflection and engagement in the resource process leading to recommended actions
for future improvement.
Engagement in the research and resource process:
From the above study, it could be identified that engagement in the research process is manifolded.
In the first level, the researcher has shown effective understanding in identifying and applying the
philosophy, approach, and design for the mixed-method research.
It could be said that for any research types or methodologies application requires adequate
knowledge on the theoretical background of how and why this type of data collection and analysis
should be used. In this regard. identification and their justifications cited in the above part of this
study are the proof.
On the second level, it could be seen that the way the secondary data collection and its analysis has
been divided is also effective in identifying relations of the study done with the objectives of the
study (Parkavi et al., 2017).
In this regard, it could be said that engagement in the resource process for the study is evident. The
researcher has done an effective job in identifying the secondary resources needed for evaluating
without the access limitation that has been underlined above.
Additionally, the research and data collection did also provide facts on primary resource
management strategically. The primary data collection resources have been maintained under the
budget for conducting the survey and all the mandatory paper works have been done by the
researcher.
The resource such as software for analyzing the primary data collection, technologies used for
communicating with the managers for the interview included in the Qualitative research have also
managed and applied effectively in this research.
61
62
Future recommended actions:
Future recommendations on resource process actions and overall research approach actions could be
discussed in two areas.
In the first stage, it could be said that the researcher could adopt the primary data collection and
analysis method as discussed briefly in the above section. It could be said that through the primary
data collection and application, the researcher would be effective in understanding how a major
population is dealing with the smartphone mental physical wellbeing apps and how they are
interested in recommending these applications to others in need. This process will also be effective
for the researcher in identifying the developments need in the applications as per the smartphone
users.
In the second level, in case of the resource process, it could be recommended that the researcher
should look at the benefits and opportunities of the study area before identifying the resources. If the
budget is limited, then the resource allocation and identification process should be done more
strategically.
In that case, depending on only quantitative or qualitative data analysis process would be far more
effective. This is as the researcher will be able to concentrate more on the responses collected by the
specific candidates.
In a nutshell, it could be said that understanding what the responses are pointing is far more essential
in evaluation so that effective outcomes of mobile wellbeing and mental and physical health
tracking apps’ usage could be accessed.
63
64
CONCLUSION:
This research has also shown that most people are suffering from these above-mentioned mental and
physical health issues, while going inside it reveals that overuse of smartphones leads to these
problems, especially depression and anxiety. Furthermore, it also leads to sleeping disorders and
irregular sleeping patterns which is a serious issue of today’s world. The study also reveals that most
people are unaware of the fact that these are caused by the overuse of digital devices. However, the
problem is that these have become an inseparable part of our daily life. Therefore, establishing a
healthy relationship with digital media has become increasingly important. The research has received
a good response from the participants and has given a detailed insight into the people’s minds, which
gave an idea to the researcher that the technologies can no way be separated from the people.
Therefore, the outcomes gave an overall idea of how it can be managed with digital wellbeing tools.
Like website blockers, with this few websites can be blocked, for a certain period or sometimes
forever, according to the convenience of the users.
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Computing Research Project2021

Apply appropriate analytical tools analyse research findings and data...............................................25

Critically evaluate research methodologies and processes in application to a computing research

Studies on overuse technologies do so as the use of smartphones increases dramatically. Many

Reasons for choosing this research project:

Literature sources searched:

[09] 2020. < Tips:/www.researchgate.net / publishing / smartphone use and work-home

Physical Health Issues:

2.1. Method outline:

Interviews on qualitative research:

2.2 Research Planning:

2.3 Research onion:

Figure 1: Structure of onion research

2.4 Research philosophy:

2.3.1. Examining the chosen philosophy:

2.5. Research approach:

2.4.1. Examining the chosen research approach:

2.6. Design of the research:

2.5.1. Examining the chosen research Design:

2.7. The strategy of this research:

2.8. Data collection process:

2.8.1. Sources of data:

2.8.2. Data analysis techniques:

2.9. Sampling technique:

2.9.1. Sample size:

2.10. Accessibility issue:

2.11. Ethical consideration:

2.12. Research limitation:

Evaluating research approaches and methodologies:

Justification of research approach:

Justification of research design:

Justification of the chosen sampling techniques:

Conducting a 'research' task can be described as a thorough investigation, specifically by searching

Primary & Secondary research:

Primary Research Methods:

Secondary Research Methods:

Technical data collection:

Whether or not data is reliable:

The following table is an example of costing criteria of a research project in brief:

4. Access (How did we collect data):

1. Study participants should not suffer any harm whatsoever.

2. Respect for researchers' reputation should be prioritized.

4. Protecting research participants ' privacy must be ensured.

5. 5. The data from the study should remain adequately confidential.

6. 6. The participants and organizations in the study must remain anonymous.

7. 7. There must be no distortion or exaggeration of research objectives.

9. Any research correspondence should be honest and transparent.

Apply appropriate analytical tools analyse research findings and data.

The methodology used: Mixed Method

Analytical Tool used: MS Excel

1. Have you have ever gone through any of the following?

(Source: Created by the Learner)

2. Have we had supported any of the matters listed below?

Table 3: Mental & Physical health wellbeing support and awareness

(Source: Created by the Learner)

3. Do you recently apply the internet to any of the matters?

Table 4: Social media and internet activeness on digital wellbeing

(Source: Created by the Learner)

Table 5: Social media impact on digital wellbeing of users