IDE-366 MCQ

1. The first experiments on drip irrigation possibly were started in country______

a) US.A. b) U.K.
c) Germany d) Brazil

2. The first international drip irrigation meeting was held in__________1971

a) Israel b) India
c)Bangladesh d) U. S

3. The polyethylene plastic was produced in__________ laboratory in 1935

a) Indian b) France
c) British d) Netherlands

4. The low density polyethylene was introduced in _________ by plastic industry

a) 1965 b) 1971
c) 1977 d) 1982

5. In_________ irrigation, water is applied to the soil surface in a small stream or foundation from an
opening with point source
a) Misting b) Micro-jet Bubbler
c) Bubbler d) Pulse

6. Irrigation system uses high discharge rate emitters and consequently has short water application
time____
a) micro-jet pulse b) misting
c) pulse d) bubbler

7. _________systems are moved from one (irrigation) position to an-other by manually or

mechanically
a) drip b) misting
c) pop-up sprinkler d) set move (sprinkler)

8. India has ___________percent of land mass and __________percent of fresh water resources of
the World
a) 1, 2 b) 2.4, 4
c) 2, 3 d) 3.5, 6

9. In __________drip irrigation system, the emitters and laterals lines are laid on the soil surface
a) subsurface b) surface
c) bubbler d) pulse

10. In ____________irrigation system water is spread into the air and is allowed to fall on the
ground somewhat resembling like rainfall
a) drip b) subsurface drip
c) sprinkler d) pulse

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11. _________ irrigation system uses high discharge rate emitters and short water application time
a) pulse b) sprinkler
c) drip d) surface drip

12. Water saving to the tune of __________ percent is possible in drip irrigation system
a) 30 to 70 b) 20 to 40
c) 10 to 30 d) 80 to 90

13. In________ filter, the filtration element is made up of grooved plastic discs
a) screen b) gravel
c) hydro cyclone d) disc

14. The main line are usually placed______________ below the ground surface.
a) 10 to 30 cm b) 20 to 40 cm
c) 60 to 90 cm d) 110 to 130 cm

15. The velocity of water in main should not be greater than _______
a) 1.5 m/s b) 1.1 m/s
c) 1.75 m/s d) 2.1 m/s

16. The submain line are usually placed _________ cm below the ground surface
a) 20 to 40 b) 65 to 85
c) 45 to 60 d) 35 to 45

17. ______ valves are used to control the flow through the submain pipes
a) ball b) flush
c) non-return d) air-release

18. __________ valve is provided at the end of each submain to flush out the water and dirt
accumulated at the end of submain
a) air-release b) control
c) flush d) non-return

19. _________valve is provided at the highest point in the mainline to release the entrapped air
a) control b) non-return
c) ball d) air-release

20. In __________ drip system, drippers are fixed inside lateral in the factor, itself
a) online b) mist
c) inline d) bubbler

21. At the connection of lateral to submain __________ acts as a seal

a) grommet b) end cap
c) take-off d) adapter

22. ___________ is also called as media filter

a) screen b) sand
c) disc d) cyclone

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23. The most to used mesh size selected for drip irrigation system is____ to _____ mesh
a) 50 to 100 b) 100 to 200
c) 200 to 300 d) 300 to 400

24. Emitter’s account for _________ percent of the cost of the drip irrigation system
a) 5 to 10 b) 40 to 55
c) 25 to 35 d) 15 to 22

25. In sensitive drippers the flow path ranges between ____________mm

a) 0.2 to 0.5 b) 0.7 to 1.5
c) 1.5 to 1.8 d) 0.9 to 1.2

26. When the Reynolds number ranges from 2000 to 4000, the flow regime is______
a) Laminar b) partially turbulent
c) fully turbulent d) unstable

27. In case of flow emitters, the value of emitter exponent is

a) 0.2 b) 0.7
c) 0.5 d) 0.9

28. In case of laminar flow emitter, operating pressure head within the system should be ____
percent of the desired average
a) ± 10 b) ± 5
c) ± 20 d) ± 15

29. Otif is the_________ type of the dripper manufactured by Plasto company

a) lock b) screw
c) NPC d) PC

30. In case of laminar flow emitter, the value of emitter exponent should be expected____
a) 0.4 b) 0.8
c) 1.2 d) 1.0

31. A multi-exit long path emitter has _________ flow

a) laminar b) partially to fully turbulent
c) vortex d) increasing

32. The flow cross-section of orifice emitter is _______ mm

a) 0.1 to 0.3 b) 0.2 to 0.4
c) 0.2 to 0.6 d) 0.5 to 0.7

33. In case of laminar flow emitter, if water temperature increases from 10° to 40°C, the flow
______
a) remains the same b) triples
c) doubles d) increased four time

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34. The J-Loc dripper of Jain make is of _________type emitter
a) self-flushing b) pressure compensating
c) clog resistant d) non-pressure compensating

35. The Reynold's number for laminar flow emitter is_______

a) < 2000 b) 2000 to 4000
c) 4000 to 10,000 d) 10,000

36. In the ________ flow region, the change in discharge varies with the square root of the pressure
head
a) laminar b) fully turbulent
c) unstable d) partially turbulent

37. In case of hilly terrain the lateral should be laid ______

a) along the slope b) along the contour
c) across the contour d) along the grade

38. The allowable head loss in lateral should be _________ % of the allowed difference in pressure
head in submain and lateral
a) 25 b) 35
c) 45 d) 55

39. The value of "C' in Hazen-William formula for PVC pipes is _____
a) 110 b) 120
c) 140 d) 150

40. The laterals are made up of __________material

a) high density polyethylene b) low density polyethylene
c) PVC d) linear low density polyethylene

41 The laterals can withstand maximum pressure of_______ kg/cm2

a) 1 to 2 b) 3 to 4.5
c) 2.5 to 4 d) 3 to 6

42. On slopping ground the laterals should have _________ % extra length for sagging purpose
a) 2 b) 1
c) 3 d) 4

43. The operating pressure of _______ kg/cm2 is required at the last emitter for smooth operation of
system
a) 1.5 b) 1
c) 2 d) 2.25

44. The application efficiency in case of drip system should be more than ______ %
a) 75 b) 85
c) 90 d) 83

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45. The allowable operating pressure difference should be _______ for turbulent now emitter
a) 1 b) 3
c) 2 d) 4

46. On slopping fields submain should be laid_______

a) along grade b) along contour
c) along slope d) across slope

47. The type of filter will depend upon________

a) soil type b) crop type
c) water source d) Source and quality of water

48. While installation of drip system, _________ should be the first stage
a) laying of lateral b) punching of lateral
c) installation of filter d) connecting mains

49. ________ provided at the start of submain to control the flow of water
a) flush valve b) control valve
c) non-return valve d) air-release valve

50. __________ valve is used to release the air from the submain and main line
a) ball valve b) air release valve
c) non-return valve d) flush valve

51. LLDPE laterals are connected to the submain by using_________

a) solvent cement b) joiner
c) grommet and take off d) adopter

52. ________ is used to connect PVC pipes to each other

a) hold tight b) Solvent cement
c) Teflon tape d) joiner

53. Bacterial population of _________ number/ml is considered as normal for drip irrigation system
a) 10,000 to 50,000 b) < 10,000
c) < 50,000 d) > 50,000

54. The______ PPM proportion of dissolved solids is considered as sever for drip irrigation system
a) > 500 b) 500 to 2000
c) > 2000 d) 1000 to 2000

55. When the hardness of calcium carbonate is greater than _________ mg/lit, a clogging hazard
exists in drip system
a) 100 b) 200
b) 300 d) 400

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56. Physical clogging in drip system can be avoided by using _________
a) chemical treatment c) proper filtration
c) acid treatment d) using chlorine

57. Chemical clogging in drip system can be avoided by ____________ treatment

a) acid treatment b) chlorine treatment
c) filtration d) hypo chloride treatment

58. The sand should be filled up to ________m height of the sand filter
a) 1/3 b) 2/3
c) 4/3 d) 3/4

59. __________ filter is compulsory for every drip irrigation system

a) sand b) gravel
c) hydro-cyclone d) screen

60. The flush valve should be provided on ________

a) lateral b) sand filter
c) pump d) submain

61. The specific gravity of Sulphuric acid is ______

a) 1.268 b) 1.834
c) 2.10 d) 1.920

62. _______ treatment is used to control the growth of algae and bacterial slimes
a) hydrochloric acids b) sulphuric acid
c) chlorine d) phosphoric acid

63. Chlorine concentration of__________ ppm is required to decompose organic matter in water
a) 10 b) 20
c) 50 d) 5

64. ________ treatment is used to control the salt accumulation inside the drip system
a) chlorine b) acid
c) chlorine dioxide d) chlorine gas

65. The emission uniformity for acid areas with uniform soil topography should be ______ %
a) 70 to 85 b) 80 to 90
c) 90 to 95 d) 70 to 80

66. Generally for tree crops ______ % root zone wetting has been recommended for drip irrigation
system
a) 10 to 25 b) 30 to 50
c) 40 to 65 d) 70 to 80

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67. The recommended range of design emission uniformity for steep slope with line source on
annual row crops should be_______
a) 80 to 90 b) 70 to 85
c) 85 to 95 d) 82 to 92

68. A parameter, which can be used as measure of emitter flow variation caused by variation in
manufacturing of emitter is called __________
a) application efficiency b) distribution efficiency
c) Coefficient of manufacturers variation d) brand name

69. The pressure loss across venturi is a ___________ of the operating pressure
a) 2/3 b) 1/3
c) 3/4 d) 3/5

70. Generally, injection of fertilizer through drip irrigation system is not recommended _______
a) nitrogen b) phosphorous
c) potassium d) micro-nutrient

71. In ______ the, fertilizer concentration is not constant throughout the operation of the
Drip system
a) venturi b) fertilizer tank
c) pressure by-pass tank d) injection pump

72. _______ is the costly system amongst all other fertilizer injection methods
a) venturi b) pressure by-pass tank
c) fertilizer tank d) injection pump

73. ________is the process of application of water soluble through drip irrigation system
a) Chemigation b) fertigation
c) chlorination d) acidification

74. The volume of solution that the venturi is capable of injection is called _____
a) volume rate b) injection rate
c) velocity rate d) application rate

75. In drip irrigation _________ mesh screen is commonly used in screen filter
a) 100 b) 200
c) 300 d) 140

76. _________ is customary in automatic screen filters

a) manual cleaning b) mechanical cleaning
c) direct flushing d) forced back flushing

77. In macro filtration in pressurized system, the filtration velocity should be ______ m/h
a) 5 to 20 b) 0.5 to 5
c) > 20 d) < 15

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78. In case of fast filtration by gravity, the filtration velocity should be _______m/h
a) 20 b) 5 to 20
c) 0.5 to 5 d) 0.1 to 0.5

79. Sand separators are also known as_______

a) gravel filters b) screen filters
c) cartridge filters d) hydro cyclone filters

80. Granular filters are ineffective in separating particles of size in the range of ______microns
a) 5 to 10 b) 1 to 10
c) 15 to 25 d) 50 to 70

81. The boron concentration of_________ ppm is toxic for most of the crops
a) 1 to 2 b) > 2
c) < 1 d) 2.5

82. As per the USDA classification, irrigation water is classified into ________ classes
a) 2 b) 3
c) 4 d) 5

83. The hygroscopic water is held at _________ atm tension

a) 1/3 b) 31
c) 31 to 10,000 d) > 10,000

84. _______ water useful for plant growth

a) hygroscopic b) capillary
c) gravitational d) percolated

85. The maximum available water is possible in_________

a) silty loam b) clay
c) clay loam d) sandy loam

86. TDR is used for measuring_________

a) SAR b) EC
c) pH d) soil moisture content

87. In drip irrigation system, for irrigation scheduling ________ approach is generally used
a) IW/CPE b) climatological
c) MAD d) soil moisture

88. The MAD values for leafy vegetables are generally _______ for grain crops
a) 1/2 b) twice
c) less d) more less

89. Media filter is used to avoid________ clogging in drip irrigation

a) physical b) biological
c) chemical d) bacterial

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90. Allowable discharge variation along drip lateral should be less than
a) 5 b) 25
c) 10 d) 35

91. ________ is the heart of drip irrigation system

a) emitter b) lateral
c) end cap d) filter

92. _________ soil has low cation exchange capacity

a) sandy b) loamy
c) silty d) clayey

93. Allowable pressure variation along the drip lateral should be less______%
a) 10 b) 15
c) 35 d) 20

94. In drip irrigation, water flows from the emission points through the soil by________
a) infiltration b) percolation
c) capillarity d) capillarity and gravity

95. Ant damage in drip laterals can be controlled by using pipes not less than ______
a) 5 mils b) 10 mils
c) 15 mils d) 20 mils

96. High density polyethylene pipe is produced at pressures of about

a) 20 kg/sq. cm b) 30 kg/sq. cm
c) 40 kg/sq. cm d) 50 kg/sq. cm

97. Globally, the maximum area under drip irrigation is in________

a) Israel b) United States of America
c) Saudi Arabia d) France

98. The largest crop area covered by drip irrigation in India is under ______
a) Plantation crops b) Orchards
c) Vegetable crops d) Fibre crops

99. Under normal working conditions, the maximum emission rate of drippers_______
a) 5 litres/hr b) 10 litres/hr
c) 15 litres/hr d) 20 litres/hr

100. The internal diameter of a micro-tube ranges from ________

a) 0.3 to 0.7 mm b) 0.7 to 1.2 mm
c) 1.2 to 1.7 mm d) 1.7 to 2.2 mm

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101. The minimum time required for the settling of mineral particles, larger than 80 microns, in a
settling basin is _______
a) 5 min b) 10 min
c) 15 min d) 20 min

102. In a media filter, the size of the filter media (crushed granite, silica or quartz) is sieved to
particle sieved ranging from________
a) 0.3 to 0.7 mm b) 0.7 to 1.2 mm
c) 1.2 to 1.7 mm d) 1.7 to 2.2 mm

103. The pressure drop usually allowed in a media filter is about______

a) 1 m b) 2 m
c) 3 m d) 4 m

104. The usual mesh size of the screen hole in a screen filter is ________
a) 80 mesh b) 100 mesh
c) 120 mesh d) 140 mesh

105. The minimum specific gravity of the suspended particle which can be removed by a hydro-
cyclone filter is _______
a) 1.0 b) 1.2
c) 1.4 d) 1.6

106. In the chlorine treatment of irrigation water, the quantity of bleaching powder added in the
water source is _____
a) 1 mg/litre b) 2 mg/litre
c) 3 mg/litre d) 3 mg/litre

107. The minimum recommended earth cover for the mains and sub-mains in a permanently laid
drip irrigation system for pipe sizes ranging from 6 to 10 cm diameter is________
a) 40 cm b) 50 cm
c) 60 cm d) 75 cm

108. Sprinkler irrigation is suitable to all crops except_________

a) jute and rice b) maize
c) wheat d) none of above

109. Sprinkler irrigation is for soils, where infiltration rate not less than _____ cm/hr
a) 0.5 b) 0.4
c) 0.6 d) 0.7

110. The average rate of water application of sprinkler must be ____ than basic infiltration rate of
soil
a) more b) less
c) twice d) half

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111. The average rate of water application of sprinkler must be less than basic infiltration rate of
soil __________
a) to avoid runoff
b) to avoid ponding of water
c) both a & b
d) none of above

112. ______holds second rank in terms of arable land and irrigated area.
a) Israel b) U.S
c) India d) Brazil

113. Geographical area of India is 329 M ha, with ___ major and ____ minor river basins.
a) 10, 38 b) 12, 48
c) 15, 26 d) 17, 45

114. Power requirement is usually high since sprinkler operates with more than ______ kg/cm of
water resources.
a) 1.5 b) 2.5
c) 0.5 d) 3.5

115. ______ is called as the heart of micro-irrigation system.

a) Pumping unit b) Main line
c) Filter d) None of above

116. In sprinkler irrigation system, main line made up of either_______ or _______

a) HDPE, aluminium b) LDPE, aluminium
c) HDPE, PVC d) none of above

117. In sprinkler irrigation system, the velocity of flow in main line should not be greater than _____
m/sec
a) 1 b) 1.5
c) 2 d) 2.5

118. In sprinkler irrigation system, friction head loss should be less than ____ m per 1000 m length of
pipe.
a) 10 b) 7
c) 5 d) 2

119. Lateral conveys water from submain to the individual sprinkler head

120. In sprinkler irrigation, laterals are usually available ___ m in length

a) 5 b) 6
c) 10 d) none of above
121. In sprinkler irrigation system, the operating pressure of sprinkler may be about _____ kg/cm
a) 3-4 b) 2-5
c) 1-2 d) 1-7

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122. What will be the most practical operating pressure of sprinkler, in sprinkler irrigation system?
a) 1.5-4 kg/cm2 b) 2.5-4 kg/cm2
2
c) 1.5-2 kg/cm d) 3-6 kg/cm2

123. In sprinkler irrigation system, risers are used for field crops made from metal having diameter
of about
a) 12-32 mm b) 10-40 mm
c) 15-30 mm d) none of above

124. In perforated pipe sprinkler, the width of wetting strip may range from________
a) 4-5 b) 3-10
c) 6-8 d) 1-5

125. The perforated sprinkler irrigation is designed to relatively low pressure of about ________
kg/cm2
a) 1-1.25 b) 1-2
c) 0.25-1 d) 0.5-2

126. The application rate of perforated sprinkler irrigation system is _____

a) 12.5-50 mm/hr b) 11-30 mm/hr
c) 10-10 mm/hr d) 12-25.5 mm/hr

127. Rotating sprinkler irrigation is also known as Revolving nozzle system.

128. In sprinkler irrigation system, sprinkler is having rotating nozzle to spray the water around their
axis in _____ with rotating speed less than _____ rpm
a) 90ᵒ, 5 b) 180ᵒ, 2
c) 270ᵒ, 3 d) 360ᵒ, 1

129. Reaction type sprinkler rotated by Torque produced by the reaction of water leaving the
sprinkler.

130. The reaction type sprinkler operated at much lower pressure of about _____ kg/cm2
a) 0.7-2 b) 0.4-6
c) 0.5-8 d) 0.2-5

131. Fixed head type sprinkler sprays water like ____ shape
a) circular b) umbrella
c) both d) none of above

132. Fixed head type sprinkler operates at pressure about ____ kg/cm2
a) 1 b) 2
c) 3 d) 4

133. In fully permanent sprinkler system, submain and laterals are buried at ______ cm of depth
a) 60-90 b) 30-60
c) 40-50 d) 20-30

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134. Which sprinkler is mainly used for irrigating orchards and garden?
a) Whirling sprinkler b) Turbo hammer sprinkler
c) Propeller sprinkler d) Mini-sprinkler

135. Which sprinkler is used in solidest system for field crops?

a) Whirling sprinkler b) Turbo hammer sprinkler
c) Propeller sprinkler d) Mini-sprinkler

136. Mini-sprinkler gives low discharge at operating pressure of about ______ kg/cm2
a) 1-2 b) 2-3
c) 1.5-2 d) 0.5-1

137. Discharge capacity of giant sprinkler is____ lit/sec

a) 70 b) 65
c) 75 d) 78

138. Wetted diameter of giant sprinkler is_______

a) 100 m b) 180 m
c) 150 m d) 130 m

139. Recommended operating pressure of giant sprinkler ranges from_______ kg/cm2

a) 4.5-9 b) 5-8
c) 2-3 d) 2.5-6.5

140. Centre pivot sprinkler system, operates at a pressure varying from _____ kg/cm2
a) 0.5-2 b) 1.5-7
c) 2-4.5 d) 2.5-6

141. Which sprinkler irrigation system is hydraulically operated machine pumping pressure water?
a) Centre pivot sprinkler system b) Linear move system
c) Traveller sprinkler or reel irrigators system d) both a & b

142. Coefficient of discharge is a function of friction and contraction loss.

143. The coefficient of discharge for well designed, small nozzles varies from about ______
a) 0.55-0.85 b) 0.45-0.75
c) 0.95-0.98 d) 0.25-0.45

144. Discharge exponent, usually, taken as ______ for sprinkler and micro sprayer
a) 0.5 b) 0.4
c) 0.3 d) 0.2

145. Discharge coefficient _________ slightly with _______ in sprinkler operating pressure
Consequently, increase in discharge
a) decreases, increase b) increases, decreases

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146. Maximum area is covered when sprinkler jet makes an angle of _________ above horizontal
a) 10ᵒ-12ᵒ b) 20ᵒ-22ᵒ
c) 30ᵒ-32ᵒ d) 40ᵒ-42ᵒ

147. If index of jet break-up is greater than 2 then drop size is______
a) good b) best
c) collapsed d) none of above

148. If index of jet break-up is equal to 4 then drop size is______

a) good b) best
c) collapsed d) none of above

149. If index of jet break-up is greater than 4 then drop size is______
a) good b) best
c) collapsed d) none of above

150. Sprinkler spacing depends upon __________

a) nozzle pressure b) wind velocity
c) both a & b d) only b

151. As per ASAE, the total pressure variation in the lateral practically should not be more that
______ of design pressure of lateral.
a) 10% b) 20%
c) 30% d) 40%

152. As a thumb rule, in the designing of sprinkler main line the main line friction loss of
about______ for small system.
a) 1 m b) 2 m
c) 3 m d) 4 m

153. As a thumb rule, in the designing of sprinkler main line the main line friction loss of
about______ for large system.
a) 11 m b) 12 m
c) 13 m d) 14 m

154. Boom Sprinkler has rotating area of ______ m in length

a) 10-15 b) 18-36
c) 13-39 d) 15-25 m

155. Amongst the top 20 countries with large-scale adoption of sprinkler irrigation the maximum
percentage coverage under sprinklers is in
a) USA b) Saudi Arabia
c) Libya d) United Kingdom

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156. The pressure head in a sprinkler system is converted into velocity head at
a) the sprinkler head b) the sprinkler jet
c) the nozzle d) the riser pipe

157. The major factor influencing the efficiency of a well-designed sprinkler irrigation system
a) Operating pressure b) wind velocity
c) sprinkler spacing d) diameter of sprinkler lateral

158. In a sprinkler irrigation system, the most commonly used pipe for a permanently laid main line
is______
a) asbestos cement pipe b) aluminium pipe
c) steel pipe d) PVC pipe

159. The width of land covered by' a perforated spray type sprinkler system ranges from ______
a) 4 to 8 m b) 5 to 10 m
c) 6 to 15 m d) 8 to 20 m

160. The diameter of the area covered by a rotating type permanent overhead type of sprinkler s
system ranges from
a) 15 to 20 m b) 20 to 30 m
c) 30 to 45 m d) 40 to 50 m

161. The minimum satisfactory value of uniformity coefficient under normal conditions of pressure
and wind velocity in sprinkler irrigation is ___
a) 80 % b) 85 %
c) 90% d) 95 %

162. The maximum water application rate of a sprinkler in light sandy loam soils on land with slope
ranging from 1 to 5 % is
a) 1.5cm/hr b) 2 cm/hr
c) 2.5 cm/hr d) 3 cm/h

Compiled by Team_S2AE