A Complete Mathematical Modelling, Simulation and

Computational Implementation of Boost Converter

Via MATLAB/Simulink
Viswanatha V1 and Venkata Siva Reddy R2
1
School of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, REVA University Bangalore, Karnataka,
India.
[email protected]

2
School of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
REVA University Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
[email protected]
May 27, 2017

Corresponding author: Vishwanatha V

Email: [email protected]
Mobile: 9741236462
Abstract
This paper describes mathematical modelling techniques, simulation and
implementation of boost converter. Four modelling techniques such as circuit
modelling, mathematical circuitry modelling, and transfer function modelling and
state-space modelling. Each modelling method is developed and implemented in
MATLAB and Simulink environment. Circuit modelling is also done in PSIM tool.
From the simulation results it is clear that capacitor voltage waveform which is a
state variable gives identical response in all modelling techniques; state-space,
mathematical circuitry, circuit and transfer function modelling approaches.
Simulation results of all models perfectly overlapping each other and also settling
time is very less in circuit modelling and transfer function modelling which is more
desirable. Stability analysis; bode plot, pole-zero plot and step response are carried
out using transfer function modelling. The offered models help to the expansion of
boost converter design, simulation, analysis and educational tool [1].
Key Words: boost converter; modelling techniques; transfer function modelling;
mathematical circuitry modelling; state-space modelling; circuit modelling.

1 Introduction
Now a day’s digital controller design plays an important in the design of
controllers for power converters. Digital controllers find more importance because
of its advantages like flexibility and cost and systems can be made smart systems
due to usage of digital controller which can be programmed [2]. Programming of
such controlled can be done with the usage of mathematical equations like
differential equations, algebraic equations and Laplace transform [3]. that is how
the importance of mathematical modelling coming into picture.

Mathematical modelling of circuit has total control over the simulation

process that gives a smaller execution time. On the other hand, it takes long
time for the initial setup as the user has to develop all possible composition
of differential and algebraic equations that results in troubleshooting and
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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
debugging of codes developed with the mathematical models but for circuit
modelling setup time is small in the beginning and the changes can be made
easily [4]. On the other side, it has little control on the simulation process
that results in long simulation time. In comparison of all models,
mathematical circuitry technique has a total control over the model and there
is no limitation about the model and on the other hand it is difficult to
implement the hardware, in addition to this it is difficult to model non-ideal
model but most important thing is it is restricted to time domain analysis
only. When it comes to transfer function technique it is not difficult to
simulate and implement and very important thing is that here both time
domain and frequency domain analysis can be made so here because of
frequency domain modelling system can be studied with respect to its
stability analysis and hence the performance of the system can be estimated
so that is the advantage of this modelling technique. On the other hand, it is
applicable only for single input and single output model and also it is
difficult for non-ideal model and it requires supplementary tool box for text
programming. When it comes to state-space modelling it is exactly same as
transfer function modelling with respect to pros and cons, however state
space modelling allows to model the system with multiple input and
multiple output.

When it comes to literature survey, there are many types of modelling

followed by simulation literatures which are there for boost converter but it
is only for non-ideal so it will not be good for education [7]. As of now no
literature gives complete modelling followed by simulation and their
computational implementation techniques for boost converters but here all
four modelling techniques followed by their simulation along with their
computational implementation are done for boost converter and results are
clearly shows that they are perfectly overlapping each other. There are many
simulation tools like PSim, MATLAB, PSpice, PSCAD and so on are
available in the market for power converter modelling and simulation. But
in this paper MATLAB/Simulink is used to do modelling and simulation
under one platform for all four modelling techniques.

2 Mathematical Approach408
It is a major method of modelling and simulation of systems which
oversee the laws of physics. Different forms of assumption may be
considered in mathematical modelling process based on the particular
scenario. State space modelling technique is used for optimal control
problems whereas transfer function technique is used for transient response
or frequency response analysis of SISO [6]. transfer function modelling
technique is preferred than any other modelling technique. As soon as
mathematical model is derived for the given system various computational
methods can be used synthesis and analysis.

Here mathematical model is obtained for the boost converter circuit based
on theory of its working principle. In this paper ideal model of non-isolated
DC-DC Boost converter is considered for simplifying the complexity of
modelling. Fig. 1 shows the basic boost converter and it is used in this entire
paper for all four modelling techniques [7]. The boost converter is made
with two energy storage elements, one n-channel MOSFET and one diode.
During switching process MOSFET and diode work compliment to one
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
another i.e. When MOSFET is ON diode is OFF and when diode is ON,
MOSFET is OFF at a given interval of time.
L D

Vin S C

Fig. 1. Boost converter circuit diagram

The mathematical modelling begins with storage elements capacitor and

inductor in the boost converter as shown in Fig.1. inductor voltage and
capacitor current are given in eqn (1) and (2) respectively.
diL (1) vL
L
dt

dvc
ic  c (2) dt

The boost conversion begins when the switching process starts, which
results in two forms of circuits as shown in Fig 2a.and Fig. 2b
While inductor VL for switching condition of ON and OFF are shown in (3)
and (4) respectively.

vL  vin *PWM (3)

L

Vin C
R

MOSFET „ON‟ condition

Fig. 2a. Boost converter in ON state during operation

L

Vin C R

MOSFET „OFF‟ condition

Fig. 2b. Boost converter in OFF state during operation

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
vL  (vin vout) *PWM (4)

The switching time between (3) and (4) is determined by the PWM
switching frequency and its duty cycle shows in (5), here duty cycle is the
ratio of V0 - Vin to V0.


PWM  (vo vin ) fpwm1 (5)
vo

The current flowing through can be determined by integrating in (6).

1
iL  L v dtL (6)

After obtaining, the current through the capacitor can be determined in (7),
where is the current through load resistor. iC  iL iR (7)

After obtaining iC, the capacitor voltage can be calculated in (8), which
indicates the load voltage of the boost converter in case of ideal model.
1
vC  C i dtC (8)

The mathematical modelling approach includes graphical implementation

method where data flow is drawn in Simulink platform. it actually links the
differential equation in a graphical manner to model the boost converter
system which is as shown in Fig.3.Basic laws of KVL and KCL are applied
for ON and OFF states of boost converter and obtained equations of
inductor current and capacitor voltage which are
410 considered as a two state
variables in each switching states [8]. Upon these two equations graphical
computational model is implemented and it is as showninFig.3

Fig. 3. Mathematical model graphical computational

implementation
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
3 Circuitry Modelling
It is a graphical method of representing the system in terms of circuit
diagram which consists of apparatus which are interconnected with each
other to form the system. Circuit modelling is carried out in
SimPowerSystems of Simulink and PSIM which are two different
simulation environments. Fig 4 and Fig 5, shows the circuit modelling of
boost converter using SimPowerSystems and PSIM respectively.

Fig.4.Boost converter model in SimPowerSystems

411
 Inductorcurr VVou
L ent D
t
A
DCvolta mosf C R
ge et
contolpul
se

Fig.5.Boost converter model in PSIM

PSIM tool is good for schematic circuit simulation whereas SimPower

Systems can be used for both schematic circuit simulation and differential
equations to solve the model and simulation.

4 Transfer Function Modeling

Boost converter is modelled in S-domain using transfer function
modeling technique. By referring boost converter when switch is OFF
the total impedance can be given by the following equation.

Ztotal Z S Z S1   
2 (9)

Z1(S) is given by

Vin SI S  R 1  Ls (10)

 Z1S Cs 

Vin S  RCLs2  Ls R

 (11)

I S  RCs1
Inductor current is given by

 1
I S  RCLsRCs2 Ls R.Vin S  (12)


Z2(S) is given by

VOUTZ S2  R (13)


I S  RCs1
Therefore, transfer function is given by
VOUT R
 
VIN RCLs2  Ls R (14)

Equation 12 and 14 are implemented in functional block of the transfer

function as shown in fig.6.

Fig.6.Transfer function model in functional block implementation

Transfer function modelling technique for boost converter allows to

analyse the stability of the boost converter thoroughly with system
responses such as step, bode plot, pole and zero responses which are
obtained from MATLAB Functions such as step(),bode() and pzmap()
respectively.Fig.7 shows the pole zero plot, step response and bode plot.

Pole Zero Map

Step Response
 Bode Diagram

Fig.7.Boost converter pole & zero map, step response and bode plot.

5 State Space Modeling

Boost converter is modelled by using state space modelling technique
which helped to analyse the boost converter in both time as well as
frequency domain [9]. In state space modelling the state matrix are
represented by A, B.C and D, X is the state variable, is state variable
derivative, U is the input and Y is the output. Here averages large signal
modelling is used to get state space model of boost converter.
A X B U*  * (15) Y C
X D U *  * (16)

When switch in boost converter is ON, the state variable and output Y
are obtained as
 dIL 


.  dt  0 0  IL t   L1
 *
1 

X dVc 0 RC  VC t    0

*Vin  (17)

 dt 
 IL
Y 0 1*   VC 0 * V 
in (18)
 When switch in boost converter is OFF, the state variable and output Y
are obtained as follows
 dIL 

L
.
 dt  0  1 I t  
1 1 (19)

L1 X dV C RC


*VCL t    

0 *Vin 
 c

 dt 

By applying averaging
technique to the I equations (17),
(18),(19) and (20) (20), average
Y 0 1* VCL
large signal state space model is
obtained as tt0 * Vin  follows
 0  (1 d)

. 
 L VICL
 tt.   
(1d)
L1 *Vin (21)
*
VC t  C 
1
   0

RC  
Equation 21 and  t  22 are
Y   0 1 * 0 .Vin
L
implemented in  state space
functional block (22) I as shown
in fig.8
 Fig.8.State space model in functional block implementation

6 Results and Discussion

Four modelling methods are done for boost DC-DC converter
and same models are simulated in
MATLAB/Simulink in section II, III, IV and V. The simulation results
for all four modelling techniques are shown in fig.9.a and fig.9.b. The
simulation results are based on the following specifications, R=10Ω,
C=100μF, L=1mH, F=50KHz, Duty Cycle=50% and Vin=5V.

Fig.9a.Simulation results for all four modelling approaches

(capacitor voltage)
 Fig.9b.Simulation results for all modelling approaches
(inductor current)

7 Conclusion
Over all, four modelling techniques such as state space modelling, transfer
function modelling, circuit modelling and mathematical modelling are done for boost
converter and presented in this paper. The Simulation results for all four, modelling
techniques are also presented. Simulation results of all models perfectly overlapping
each other and also settling time is less in circuit modelling and transfer function
modelling which is more desirable. Moreover, mathematical modelling techniques
find more scope in digital controller design for dc-dc converters.
It gives complete outline of boost converter modelling and its simulation by applying
mathematical concepts such as differential equations, circuit theory, control theory,
s-domain, signal and systems for DC-DC converter.

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