Name : Claudia Valencia

Student ID : F1021201050

Class ; A2+

UTS Research

Instructions :

A. Explain by References:

1. Why do you need to conduct a research?

2. Mention the characteristics of Qualitative research Comprehensively!

3. Mention the types of Qualitative research and write a topic area/title for each of them with
their technique of data collection

4. What are the essential differences between Case Study and Classroom Action Research,
explain comprehensively and authentically

5. Do a simple observation about your class then based on the result of your observation, state a
title for an EFL research.

B. Please find three articles from journals (one local, one national, one international)
similar to your topic you have chosen for the future research. Use them to support your
background you have to write for your future research.

C. Please find three types of articles in journals (one survey, one descriptive study, one
action research), download and attach them. Then, you must keep the theoretical
framework, identify the citations used and map the theories (can be in a table, diagram, or
picture). References must be written too.
Answers :

A. Explain by References:

1. Research is meant to understand a particular phenomenon or situation. Research is also

used to test the existing theories, expand and developing new theories based from the old
one.

2. There are few characteristics of qualitative research:

• Natural setting—Qualitative researchers tend to collect data in the field at the site where
participants experience the issue or problem under study.

• Researcher as key instrument—Qualitative researchers collect data themselves through

examining documents, observing behavior, or interviewing participants.

• Multiple sources of data—Qualitative researchers typically gather multiple forms of

data, such as interviews, observations, and documents, rather than rely on a single data
source.

• Inductive data analysis—Qualitative researchers build their patterns, categories, and

themes from the bottom up, by organizing the data into increasingly more abstract units
of information.

• Participants’ meanings—In the entire qualitative research process, the researcher keeps
a focus on learning the meaning that the participants hold about the problem or issue, not
the meaning that the researchers bring to the research or writers express in the literature.

• Emergent design—The research process for qualitative researchers is emergent. This

means that the initial plan for research cannot be tightly prescribed, and all phases of the
process may change or shift after the researcher enters the field and begins to collect data.
 • Theoretical lens—Qualitative researchers often use lens to view their studies, such as
the concept of culture, central to ethnography, or gendered, racial, or class differences
from the theoretical orientations. Sometimes the study may be organized around
identifying the social, political, or historical context of the problem under study.

• Interpretive—Qualitative research is a form of interpretive inquiry in which researchers

make an interpretation of what they see, hear, and understand. Their interpretations
cannot be separated from their own backgrounds, history, contexts, and prior
understandings.

• Holistic account—Qualitative researchers try to develop a complex picture of the

problem or issue under study. This involves reporting multiple perspectives, identifying
the many factors involved in a situation, and generally sketching the larger picture that
emerges.

3. Types of qualitative research:

 Case studies are a strategy of inquiry in which the researcher explores in depth a
program, event, activity, process, or one or more individuals. Cases are bounded by time
and activity, and researchers collect detailed information using a variety of data
collection procedures over a sustained period of time (Stake, 1995).
- Technique in Collecting Data
In this study, the researcher employed interview as data collection method. Thus,
because this is a case study research, employing interview is appropriate to obtain
data. During interview, this study applied one-to-one technique. Researcher also
employed semi-structured interview in questioning the interviewee. Questions
provide include the information about high achiever students’ motivation in learning
English and how they maintain their motivation in learning English.

o Tittle Ideas : A study on recyclcing waste material in construction industry

 Ethnography is a strategy of inquiry in which the researcher studies an intact cultural
group in a natural setting over a prolonged period of time by collecting, primarily,
observational and interview data (Creswell, 2007b). The research process is flexible and
typically evolves contextually in response to the lived realities encountered in the field
setting (LeCompte & Schensul, 1999).
- Technique in Collecting Data
1. Observation
For this case study research data collecting, researcher using direct
observation and overt observation.
2. Interview
At this occasion, researcher will do the interview with students directly.
Researcher will used semi-structured interview and also phenomenological
interview approaches to gain deeper information from the students about their
responses towards students’ passion in speaking.

o Tittle Ideas : The influence of mother tongue in Chinese society on learning

English

 Narrative research is a strategy of inquiry in which the researcher studies the lives of
individuals and asks one or more individuals to provide stories about their lives. This
information is then often retold or restoried by the researcher into a narrative chronology.
In the end, the narrative combines views from the participant’s life with those of the
researcher’s life in a collaborative narrative (Clandinin & Connelly, 2000).
- Technique in Collecting Data
1. Selecting and contacting the participants.
2. Informing the participants regarding the nature and rationale of the research.
3. The researcher conduct face-to-face, in depth open ended and semi-structured
interviews.
4. Recording the interview to maintain an accurate account of the interview.
 o Tittle Ideas : The impact of perfectionism in daily life (My aunt)

 Phenomenological research is a strategy of inquiry in which the researcher identifies the

essence of human experiences about a phenomenon as described by participants.
Understanding the lived experiences marks phenomenology as a philosophy as well as a
method, and the procedure involves studying a small number of subjects through
extensive and prolonged engagement to develop patterns and relationships of meaning
(Moustakas, 1994). In this process, the researcher brackets or sets aside his or her own
experiences in order to understand those of the participants in the study (Nieswiadomy,
1993).
- Technique in Collecting Data
1. Selecting and contacting the participants.
2. Informing the participants regarding the nature and rationale of the
research.
3. The researcher conduct face-to-face, in depth open ended and semi-
structured interviews.
4. Recording the interview to maintain an accurate account of the interview.

o Tittle Ideas : Testing the Safety of Self Sustaining Ecosystems

 Grounded theory is a strategy of inquiry in which the researcher derives a general,

abstract theory of a process, action, or interaction grounded in the views of participants.
This process involves using multiple stages of data collection and the refinement and
interrelationship of categories of information (Charmaz, 2006; Strauss and Corbin, 1990,
1998). Two primary characteristics of this design are the constant comparison of data
with emerging categories and theoretical sampling of different groups to maximize the
similarities and the differences of information
- Technique in Collecting Data
1. Litterature

o Tittle Ideas : The role of movie in learning english

 Action research is implying a form of self-reflective enquiry undertaken by participants
in social situations in order to improve the rationality and justice of their own practices,
their understanding of these practices, and the situations in which the practices are carried
out. (Carr and Kemmis, 1986: 162)
- Technique in Collecting Data
Data play an important role in a research because the conclusion of the research is
taken from the data. Therefore, the accuracy of the data will determine the quality of
the research result. The techniques in collecting the data used in this research are:
1. Observation
2. Questionnaire
3. Interview
4. Notes and diaries
5. Test

o Tittle Ideas : The influence of online youth activities in improving learning

achievement.

4. Action research: Is a type of qualitative research that oriented in order to solve an

immediate problem. It aims to learn through action leading to personal or professional
development means focuses on improving and refining actions.

Case study research refers to an in-depth examination of a particular event or individual

or a group of individuals. It is more of a qualitative method of research where it
understand complex issues by deeply observing and analyzing the event or situation by
collecting and reporting the data related to the event or situation. Case study research is
more towards description rather than immediate cause and effect finding. Case studies are
a strategy of inquiry in which the researcher explores in depth a program, event, activity,
process, or one or more individuals. Cases are bounded by time and activity, and
researchers collect detailed information using a variety of data collection procedures over
a sustained period of time (Stake, 1995).
 Differences of Action Research and Case Study

No Action research Case Study

1 Action research is a type of research Case study is an in-depth examination
study which is more action oriented in of a particular event or individual or a
order to solve an immediate problem. group of individuals.
2 Action research involves solving a Case study involves observing a
problem. problem.
3 It is mainly used in educational field. It is used in many fields.
4 It always provides a solution to a It does not provide solution to a
problem. problem.
5 Identify a problem to research. Identifying and defining the research
questions.
6 In action research the researchers can In case study research researchers do
also act as participants of the research. not take part in the research study.
7 It identifies the cause and then address It explores and understand complex
the issue. issues.
8 Action research analyze data and plan Case study research analyze data.
actions.
9 Action Research defines context and Case study defines the theoretical
purpose. conceptual structure.

5. Ttile : “The importance of students for being active in asking questions to the smoothness
of lectures and delivery of material”.
My background taking the title of this research is based on the results of my observations
and experiences about the habits that exist in my class. This research also supported by
my hypothesis, namely "student being active in the classroom will greatly assist the
process of lectures and doing exercises."

Technique in Collecting Data that I will use

 1. Observation
2. Questionnaire
3. Interview
4. Notes and diaries
5. Test

B. Three articles from journals

Local Journal :

IMPROVING STUDENTS' CLASS PARTICIPATION ... - Jurnal Untan

https://jurnal.untan.ac.id › article › download

https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/JEFLE/article/download/51574/75676591618

National Journal :

CLASSROOM INTERACTION IN ENGLISH LEARNING - USD ... https://repository.usd.ac.id

https://repository.usd.ac.id/33726/2/056332023_Full.pdf

International Journal :

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1242645.pdf

https://collegesofdistinction.com/advice/how-to-participate-in-class-and-why-its-important/
#:~:text=Active%20class%20participation%20also%20improves,and%20can%20also
%20improve%20memory.

C. Please find three types of articles in journals (one survey, one descriptive study, one
action research), download and attach them. Then, you must keep the theoretical
framework, identify the citations used and map the theories (can be in a table, diagram, or
picture). References must be writte n too.

·
Survey

The Impact of Social Media on EFL Learners' Speaking Skill https://www.researchgate.net

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
334823964_The_Impact_of_Social_Media_on_EFL_Learners'_Speaking_Skill_A_Survey_Stud
y_Involving_EFL_Teachers_and_Students

Action

Improving Students' Speaking Skill Through ... - e Journal BSI https://ejournal.bsi.ac.id

https://ejournal.bsi.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/wanastra/article/download/2609/2062

Desc

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON THE STUDENTS' PERCEPTION ... https://repository.uin-

suska.ac.id

https://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/24898/1/GABUNG.pdf

1. Survey
A survey by Ehsan Namaziandost, and Mehdi nasri, “The Impact of Social Media on
EFL Learners’ Speaking Skill”
Theoritical Framework:
This study is learning about “The Impact of Social Media on EFL Learners’ Speaking
Skill”. The subject of the research were 80 teachers and 120 students at Islamic Azad
Universities of Iran. This survey is using questionnaire to obtain the data. From the data
that obtained it can concluded that social media is a good wat to improve the students
speaking skill, with the provision that teachers Teachers should encourage their
students to be exposed to authentic language through Social media and student should
use Social media appropriately in order to develop their speaking skill.

Survey
Study

EFL
Teachers
and student
 Social media effect
be helpful un EFL
on improving the context to improve
speaking abilities speaking

2. Descriptive study
Done by Dennisya Marwa with the title is “PERCEPTION OF
CLASSROOM ACTVITIES IN TEACHING SPEAKING”
Theoritical Framework:
A descriptive study on the effect of the “perception of
classroom activities in speaking teaching”. The subject of this research is the
teacher and student from the tenth grade of SMA IT Abdurrrab Pekanbaru.

According to Qiong (2017) perception is the process of attaining

awareness or understanding of sensory information or the way to think
about something. It refers to human judgments or feeling about something
that ever done.

Perception means the result of the information received from

sensory. In relation to Linsay and Norman (1977) in Ahen (2009)
perception refers to experience of the world and typically involves further
processing of sensory input. It is the output of process the judgments and
beliefs were produced by individual and it influenced the way they think
and feel. It means perception is individual judgments or beliefs based on
the thinking and feeling about something.

In addition, Atkinson (1983) in Sarkol (2016) perception is the

process by which organize and interpret the pattern of stimuli. It indicates
that perception is from the mind. It does not accidently happen, but it takes
long time to perceive certain event and experiences. It means perception happen
in long time that it can accept in the mind. And also perception needs experiences
that can call perception.
 Descriptive
study

Students at
SMA IT
Abdurrab
Pekanbaru
3. Action study
An action study done
Student by Anggraini titledActivities
perception “Improvingin Students’
class Speaking Skill
in Class activity that students
likeis aimed to improve students’
Through CLT An Action Research. This action research
speaking skill through communicative language teaching technique. The subject of this
study is teachers and student at Englist Training Course Setu-Tangerang. From the result
of the research, the writer has some following conclusion; the interested techiques in
teaching learning process by using communicative language teaching will help students
in receiving material especially speaking. To improve the students’ speaking skill,
communicative language teaching is very easy to understand by students and it is an
efficient method. The writer offers communicative language teaching as a tool of
teaching speaking for some reasons: first, the techique gives student’s ideas easily;
second the students are able to know and understand how to speak.

Action Study

Teacher and student at English Training

Course

Improving student speaking skils through

communicative language teaching

Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3

References For All Answers:

4. SAGE Publications Ltd. (2013). The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data

Analysis. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
5. SAGE Publications Ltd. (2019). The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data
Collection. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
6. Creswell, John, 1994, Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative.
Approaches, London: SAGE Publications.
7. Action Research in Teaching and Learning: A Practical Guide to Conducting
Pedagogical Research in Universities - By Lin S. Norton.