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1. Nancy is a dancer.

(a) When Nancy dances her arms and legs are moved by pairs of
antagonistic muscles.

How do antagonistic muscle pairs work?

Tick the correct box.

Both muscles contract at the same time.

One muscle is big and the other is small.

As one muscle contracts, the other relaxes.

One muscle is strong and the other is weak.

1a Both muscles relax at the same time.

1 mark

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(b) As Nancy dances her breathing changes because she needs more oxygen.
The graph below shows how the volume of air in her lungs changes
when she dances.

Nancy starts
dancing
4000

3000

2000

1000

0
0 0.5 1.0

From the graph, give two ways her breathing changes when she dances. 1b

1 mark
1.
1b
2.
1 mark

(c) Nancy’s muscle cells produce carbon dioxide as she dances.

Which of the following shows how the carbon dioxide is removed from
Nancy’s body?
Tick the correct box.

muscle cells bloodstream windpipe lungs nose

muscle cells windpipe lungs bloodstream nose

muscle cells bloodstream lungs windpipe nose

muscle cells windpipe bloodstream lungs nose 1c

1 mark
maximum 4 marks
Total
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2. (a) The table below shows the pH of four acidic liquids.

acidic liquid pH

grapefruit juice 3.1

ethanoic acid 3.0

lemonade 4.4

dilute hydrochloric acid 1.0

Which of these liquids is the least acidic?

2a

1 mark

(b) Emilio cooked an egg until it was hard-boiled.

He put the egg in a beaker of dilute hydrochloric acid as shown.

dilute bubbles
hydrochloric of gas
acid
egg

(i) The egg shell reacted completely with the acid.

After two days the pH of the liquid in the beaker was 2.5.

How did the acidity of the liquid in the beaker change?

Use the table above to help you.
2bi

1 mark

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(ii) Emilio put another hard-boiled egg in some ethanoic acid.

It took longer for the shell to react completely.

Use the table opposite to suggest a reason for this.

2bii

1 mark

(c) The chemical formulae for four acids are shown in the table below.

sulphuric acid hydrochloric acid nitric acid ethanoic acid

H2SO4 HCl HNO3 CH3COOH

(i) Give the name of the element that is present in all four acids.
2ci

1 mark

(ii) Give the names of the two other elements present in sulphuric acid. 2cii

1. 1 mark

2cii
2.
1 mark

(iii) How many atoms are there in the formula HNO3 (nitric acid)?
2ciii

1 mark

maximum 7 marks
Total
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3. The photograph below shows some water lilies in early summer.

flower
leaf

This diagram shows a water lily plant.

flower leaf
air
pond surface

water

stem

(a) Water lilies do not grow well in moving water.

Suggest a reason for this.

3a

1 mark

(b) During the winter, many water lily plants do not grow new leaves.

Suggest one reason why the plants do not grow new leaves in the winter.
3b

1 mark

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(c) (i) Give one way water lily plants are adapted to live in water.
3ci

1 mark

(ii) Explain how this adaptation helps the water lily to grow in water.

3cii

1 mark

(d) In the summer, water lilies produce large yellow flowers.

The flowers float on the surface of the pond.

Suggest one way these colourful floating flowers help the water lily to reproduce.

3d

1 mark

(e) When water lilies cover the pond surface with leaves, the pond does not get as
hot during the day.

Explain why the pond does not get as hot.

3e

1 mark

maximum 6 marks
Total
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4. Sara investigated making bread.

She described what she did below.

I mixed flour, water, sugar and yeast to make bread dough.

I put 50 cm3 of dough

into a measuring cylinder.

I put the measuring

cylinder into a
water bath at 30°C.

I measured the volume water

of the dough after 30 dough
minutes.
at the start after 30 minutes

Sara repeated the experiment with the water bath at different temperatures.
Her results are shown below.

volume of dough (cm3)

temperature of
water bath (°C)
at the start after 30 minutes

30 50 66

45 50 73

60 50 77

75 50 71

90 50 60

(a) Use the table of results.

What question did Sara investigate?

4a

1 mark

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(b) At each temperature Sara used dough from the same mixture.

(i) Give one other way Sara made her experiment fair.
4bi
_____________________________________________________
1 mark

(ii) Why would using dough from a different mixture make Sara's
experiment unfair?

_____________________________________________________
4bii
_____________________________________________________
1 mark

(c) Sara plotted her results on the graph below.

80
x
75
volume of x
dough after x
70
30 minutes
(cm3) 65 x

60 x
0 20 40 60 80 100
temperature of water bath (ºC)

Describe the relationship between the variables on the graph from

30°C to 90°C.
4c

1 mark

4c

1 mark

(d) Sara made a prediction. The volume of the dough

will increase because of
the yeast.

What could she do to test her prediction?

4d

1 mark

maximum 6 marks
Total
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5. Hannah has three rods (A, B and C) made from different metals.
One rod is a magnet; one is made of copper; and one is made of iron.
She does not know which rod is which.

A B C

Each rod has a dot at one end.

(a) Hannah uses only a bar magnet to identify each rod.

She puts each pole of the bar magnet next to the dotted end of each rod.

Complete Hannah’s observations in the table below.

Write if each rod is copper, iron or a magnet.

test observations type of rod

N S attract Rod A is
rod A

N
.
S N
attract
rod A

N S
nothing happens Rod B is
rod B

N
.
S N
rod B

5a

1 mark N S
attract Rod C is
rod C
5a
N
.
1 mark S N
rod C
5a

1 mark

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(b) Hannah uses the iron rod to make an electromagnet.

iron rod

coil of wire

When the switch is closed the iron rod becomes an electromagnet.

Give two ways Hannah could make the electromagnet stronger. 5b

1 mark
1.
5b
2.
1 mark

maximum 5 marks
Total
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6. Joanne added iron filings to copper sulphate solution.

She observed the reaction after one week.

before iron after iron filings added

filings added and left for one week

grey iron
filings
green
solution
blue copper
sulphate left for
solution one week grey metal and
orange metal

(a) What evidence in the diagrams shows that a chemical reaction has taken place?
6a

1 mark

(b) The reaction between iron and copper sulphate is a displacement reaction.

(i) Give the name of the orange metal visible after one week.
6bi

1 mark

(ii) What is the name of the compound formed in this reaction?

6bii

1 mark

(iii) Joanne poured the green solution into another test tube. She added some
copper pieces to the solution.

Will a displacement reaction occur?

yes no

Explain your answer.

6biii

1 mark

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(c) Part of the reactivity series of metals is shown below.

potassium most reactive

lithium
calcium
aluminium
zinc
lead least reactive

Use the information above.

Which two metals would react with aluminium nitrate in a displacement reaction?

Tick the two correct boxes.

calcium potassium

zinc lead 6c

1 mark

maximum 5 marks
Total
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7. Pluto was discovered in 1930. It was classified as a planet.

In 2006, scientists agreed that Pluto is not a planet.

(a) The diagram below shows our solar system. Pluto

Neptune

Sun Venus
Earth
Mercury
Jupiter Mars
Uranus
Saturn

not to scale

(i) From the diagram, what supports the idea that Pluto is a planet?
7ai

1 mark

(ii) From the diagram, what supports the idea that Pluto is not a planet?
7aii

1 mark

(b) The table below shows information about planets in our solar system.

planet diameter (km)

Mercury 4 800
Venus 12 200
Earth 12 800
Mars 6 800
Jupiter 142 600
Saturn 120 200
Uranus 49 000
Neptune 50 000

Pluto has a diameter of 2 300 km.

How does this information suggest to scientists that Pluto is not a planet?
7b

1 mark

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(c) An object called Charon orbits Pluto.

How does the presence of Charon support the idea that Pluto is a planet?
7c

1 mark

(d) The table below shows the composition of the atmosphere of some of the objects
in our solar system.

object atmosphere
Mercury none
Venus mainly carbon dioxide
Earth mainly nitrogen and oxygen
Neptune hydrogen, helium and methane
Earth’s moon none
Titan (a moon) nitrogen and methane
Pluto nitrogen and methane

Atmosphere is not used to classify objects as moons or planets.

Use the information above to suggest a reason for this.

7d

1 mark

(e) Why do you think scientists found it difficult to decide how Pluto should be
classified?

7e

1 mark

maximum 6 marks
Total
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8. Every autumn the BBC asks people all over the UK to

record when and where they see the first ripe conkers.
The results are shown on a website.

Conkers only ripen in the autumn.

conker

number of observations in 2005 : 4209

(a) Some pupils discussed these results and made some conclusions.

Tick a box in each row to say whether the conclusion is true or false
or whether you cannot tell based on the results.

true false cannot

tell

There are more conkers in 2005 than

there have been in other years.

There are only 248 conker trees in the UK.

8a
The most common time for the first
ripe conkers was in September.
1 mark

8a
The number of sightings decreased
between August and September.
1 mark

Information from http://www.bbc.co.uk/

KS3/09/Sc/Tier 5-7/P2 16 nature/animals/wildbritain/autumnwatch/
results/conkers.html (December 2005)
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(b) The map shows where members of the

public saw ripe conkers in the UK.

(i) Suggest one reason why it is a good idea to collect data by asking
the public to observe when conkers ripen.

8bi

1 mark

(ii) Suggest one reason why it is not a good idea to collect data by asking
the public to observe when conkers ripen.

8bii

1 mark

(c) The data was collected in one year.

What data would the BBC need to collect to find out if the time of year in
which conkers ripen was changing?
8c

1 mark

(d) Conkers ripen earlier in the south of the country than in the north.

Suggest why conkers ripen earlier in the south.

8d

1 mark

maximum 6 marks
Total

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9. A cyclist and a runner have a race.

The distance-time graph for the race is shown below.

110

100

90

80

70

distance 60 cyclist runner

(m)
50

40

30

20

10

0
0 1 22 33 4 5 6 7 88 99 10 11
10 11 12 13 14 15
time (s)

Use the graph to answer the following questions.

(a) (i) How much time did it take the cyclist to travel 100 m?
9ai
_______ s
1 mark

(ii) When the cyclist finished the race how far behind was the runner?
9aii
_______ m
1 mark

(iii) How much more time did the runner take compared with the cyclist to
complete the race?
9aiii
_______ s
1 mark

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(b) The cyclist is travelling at a constant speed between 3 seconds and 6 seconds.

How does the graph show this?

9b

1 mark

(c) (i) When the race started, a walker set off at a steady speed of 2 m/s.

Draw a line on the graph on the opposite page to show the distance 9ci
covered by the walker in the first 15 seconds. Use a ruler.
1 mark
Fix
(ii) Calculate how much time it will take for the walker to walk 100 m.

9cii
s
1 mark

maximum 6 marks
Total
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10. (a) When light travels from air to glass, it changes direction.
What is the name of this effect?
10a

1 mark

(b) The diagram below shows three rays of light A, B and C striking a glass block.

torch

10b

1 mark
The paths of A and B have been drawn.

10b Continue ray C to show its path through the block and out the other side.
Use a ruler.
1 mark

Fix

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(c) The diagram below shows three rays of light, D, E and F, from a torch
placed under water.

The path of ray E is shown as it leaves the water and enters the air.

Continue the paths of D and F as they pass through the air.

Use a ruler.

air
water 90°

D E 10c
F
1 mark

10c

torch 1 mark

Fix

maximum 5 marks
Total
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11. During pregnancy a woman's body increases in mass.

The table shows the average increase in mass in some parts of the body during
pregnancy.

increase in mass
part
during pregnancy (kg)

foetus 3.6

uterus 0.9

placenta 0.7

red blood cells 0.2

amniotic fluid 0.9

breast tissue 0.4

fat 3.9

(a) Explain why the mass of the placenta increases as the foetus develops.

11a

1 mark

11a

1 mark

(b) Pregnant women need to make sure they have plenty of iron in their diet.
Use information in the table to explain why they need extra iron.

11b

1 mark

(c) The foetus is not part of a woman’s body before she becomes pregnant.

Which two other parts from the table are not present in her body before
she becomes pregnant?

11c
and
1 mark

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(d) (i) The diagram shows the blood supply in the placenta and umbilical cord.

blood to mother blood from mother

placenta

blood vessels in
umbilical cord
not to scale
blood from foetus blood to foetus

When the mother breathes, oxygen and other gases pass to the foetus.

Complete the flow diagram below to show how oxygen passes from the
mother to the foetus. Use all the words from the list below.

lungs umbilical cord blood of foetus windpipe placenta

mother’s red blood cells

11di

1 mark

11di

1 mark

(ii) When a pregnant woman breathes in cigarette smoke, carbon

monoxide gas combines with some of her red blood cells.

How could this harm the foetus?

11dii

1 mark

maximum 7 marks
Total
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12. When bath ‘bombs’ are dropped into

bath water they colour the water and
make the water smell of perfume.

bath bomb

(a) Bath bombs contain citric acid and sodium carbonate. When they react
a gas is produced.

Complete the word equation for the reaction that takes place.
12a citric sodium sodium
+
acid carbonate citrate + water +
1 mark

(b) A bath bomb was dropped into hot water and its mass was measured
every thirty seconds, for three minutes.
The graph below shows the results.

250

225

200

175

150
mass (g) 125

100

75

50

25

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
time (s)

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Between which two times on the graph does the mass of the bath bomb
decrease fastest?
Tick the correct box.

between 0 s and 30 s

between 30 s and 60 s

between 90 s and 120 s

between 150 s and 180 s 12b

1 mark

(c) (i) The bath bomb was 230 g at the start.

How long does it take for the mass of the bath bomb to decrease by a half?
12ci
s
1 mark

(ii) The reactants in a bath bomb were 176 g at the start.

129 g of sodium citrate and 14 g of water are produced in the reaction.
Calculate the mass of gas produced in the reaction.

12cii
g
1 mark

(d) Some people on cruise ships practise golf. They hit golf balls into the sea.
Turtles can swallow the golf balls. A new type of golf ball has been made from a
bath bomb covered in hardened paper to use on cruise ships.

Suggest one reason why this type of golf ball might be better for the
environment than a normal golf ball.

12d

1 mark

(e) Complete the word equation for the reaction between citric acid and
calcium carbonate. Use the equation in part (a) to help you.
12e
citric calcium
acid + carbonate water + +
1 mark

maximum 6 marks
Total
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13. David uses a falling mass to split wooden logs.

The 5 kg mass slides down the rod and hits the metal blade.
The force on the blade splits the log.

5kg
mass

smooth
rod

blade

log

(a) To lift the mass David uses energy stored in his muscles.

What energy transfer occurs when David’s muscles lift the mass?
13a
from energy in his muscles to
1 mark

gravitational potential energy of the mass

(b) David lifts the mass. The mass gains 50 J of gravitational potential
energy. The falling mass changes this energy into kinetic energy.

(i) As it falls, what is the maximum amount of energy the mass can change
from gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy?
13bi
J
1 mark

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(ii) Not all the gravitational potential energy is transferred to kinetic energy as the
mass falls.
Give one reason for this.

13bii

1 mark

(c) Give two ways David can increase the kinetic energy of the mass just before it
hits the blade. 13c

1. 1 mark

13c
2.
1 mark

(d) David can use a different blade to split the logs.

The diagram below shows two different blades A and B.

A B

5 kg 5 kg

force
The formula for pressure is: pressure =
area

Which blade puts more pressure on the log?

Write the letter.

Explain your answer in terms of area. Use the formula to help you.

13d

1 mark

END OF TEST
maximum 6 marks
Total

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