Chapter-7 Cost Estimates 7.1. General
Chapter-7 Cost Estimates 7.1. General
Chapter-7 Cost Estimates 7.1. General
CHAPTER-7
COST ESTIMATES
7.1. General
Cost estimation is an important component of the study as it provides vital input to economic &
financial evaluation and insights for proper planning of project execution. Detailed Cost estimates
shall be prepared based on the detailed engineering designs and detailed drawings.
7.2. Quantification
The construction items covered in cost estimates include are as follows:
Site clearance
Earthwork
Base and sub-base layers
Surface Layers
Culverts,
Bridges and other structures
Drainage and Protective works
Junction Improvements
Traffic control devices and road safety works
Project facilities
Utility shifting, Land Acquisition & Forest Diversion
Miscellaneous
Site Clearance: In case of bypass on new alignment, the area considered for Site Clearance is the
area within the proposed toe line of the road.
Earth Works: This item provides for roadway excavation, earthwork in embankment, sub-grade
and shoulders, islands including disposal of surplus earth and unsuitable material. The earthwork
quantities are based on the cross-section developed after horizontal and profile design of the road
in “MX-Road” software.
Base & Sub-base Layers: The sub-base layers may comprise of GSB or CTSB and the base layer
comprises of WMM for flexible pavement and DLC for rigid pavement. Thickness of the base &
sub-base layers are based on the pavement designs. Quantities of these layers are calculated from
simple L-B-D calculations as shown in the proposed Typical Cross Sections.
Surface Layers: This may be flexible pavement as well as rigid pavement. Thickness of the
pavement is based on the pavement designs. Quantities for the pavement component are calculated
from simple L-B-D calculations as shown in the proposed Typical Cross Sections.
Culverts: The cost of culverts have been worked out based on detailed design & drawings.
Bridges and other structures: The cost of bridges & other structures have been worked out based
on detailed design & drawings.
Drainage and Protection works: It includes lined/unlined drains, retaining wall, toe walls etc. The
cost of the drainage & protection works have been worked out based on design & drawings.
Junctions Improvement: It includes both at-grade and grade separated junction improvements.
This item includes quantities of kerbs, median etc. at the location of junctions. Other items of road
works have been included under the respective items of works.
Traffic control devices and road safety works: It includes Traffic signs, road markings, road
studs, delineators and object markers, safety barriers, raised medians, temporary diversions etc.
Quantities of these items shall be as per the improvement proposal for the project section.
Project facilities: It includes Toll plaza, truck lay byes, bus lay bays & passenger shelters, KM/
200m/boundary stones, street lights, Avenue tree plantations, pedestrian facilities, rain water
harvestings, cross utility ducts, rest areas etc. as applicable. Quantities of these items shall be as
per the improvement proposal for the project section.
Utility Shifting & relocations: It includes the cost of shifting of existing utilities like electrical
poles, transformers, hand pumps, wells, water supply lines, OFC lines, gas pipe lines etc. The cost
of shifting of such utilities are generally provided by the concerned utility departments.
Land acquisition: It includes the cost of land to be acquired if any for widening/ improvement of
the project highway.
Forest Diversion: It includes the cost of diversion of forest land if any for widening/ improvement
of the project highway.
Miscellaneous Items: It includes standard centages and other items as per current practice of the
state.
machineries, which are not available in the Standard Data Book (if any), have been
analyzed based on their Basic cost, Depreciation and Operation and running cost.