BRM Assignment

Name – V Navneet Raju
Class: – MBA – 1
Section – B
Roll number – 21202334
BRM Assignment
Questionnaire design is one of the most critical stages in

the survey research process. A questionnaire (survey) is
only as good as the questions it asks - ask a bad question,
get bad results. Composing a good questionnaire appears
easy , but it is usually the result of long , painstaking work.
The questions must meet the basic criteria of relevance
and accuracy. To design a questionnaire there are steps.
The following steps are : -
1) Identify the research aims and the goal of the

questionnaire
Ideally, there are already existing questionnaires that have

been validated by published research that we can use (or
maybe just to borrow a couple of ideas from). This can
occur frequently within psychological research, as there is
a broad range of research being carried out in a variety of
different fields. While this can be quite common, it’s not
always the case. It might, for example, be rather difficult to
find or reuse existing questionnaires for commercial
applications. In this case, we might still be able to draw
inspiration from pre-existing research, although greater
care in the following steps will likely be needed.
2) Define the target respondents
Clearly , we can test everyone - it’s rather plausible that

there have to be certain restrictions with respect to the
target audience of your questionnaire. The selection of
groups is a key factor for maximizing the robustness of
your study. Another aspect to consider is whether you
want to run multiple questionnaire sessions over a longer
period of time with a single group ( longitudinal design ) or
if we want to present the questionnaire once to two or
more groups ( cross – sectional design ) .
3) Develop questions
Smart questions are the cornerstone of every

questionnaire. To make them work, they have to be
phrased in a way that prevents any misunderstandings or
ambiguities.
It’s often a lost cause trying to analyze data from a

questionnaire where people have mixed things up,
selected incorrect answers or haven’t been able to read or
understand the questions at all.
It makes a significant difference whether we want to hand
a questionnaire to children, adults, or maybe even elderly
participants. It’s important to consider the cognitive,
attentional, and sensory competencies of the target group
– handing out long questionnaires with a huge amount of
questions in small letter print and complicated phrasing
might be too taxing for many participant groups.
4) Choose the question type
There’s a wide variety in how to phrase questions. In

explorative questionnaires, we will find mainly open
questions, where participants can fill in any answer (this
makes sense whenever we try to gain an understanding of
the topics associated with the research question).
By contrast, quantitative questionnaires primarily include

closed-questions, which have been predefined by the
researcher either in form of multiple choice answers or
rating scales (such as Likert scale) .
Example –
Open question –
“ What did you like about the webinar ? “
Closed question –
“The webinar was useful .“
[ Strongly agree ]
[ Agree ]
[ Cannot decide ]
[ Disagree ]
[ Strongly disagree ]
5) Design question sequence and overall layout
After optimizing each question separately, it is time to

improve the overall flow and layout of the questionnaire.
6) Run a pilot
This stage is crucial for evaluation and optimization

purposes. Any questionnaire should be handed to a
representative sample of your target audience before we
go further with it.
During piloting, we can identify issues in readability and

understanding, in phrasing and overall arrangement. It
could be helpful to discuss the questionnaire with pilot
participants to better understand their experience. Also,
keep in mind to evaluate your pilot data statistically to
make sure that the analytic procedures of interest truly can
be applied to the data.
Difficulties encountered in filling the form
1) Missing the purpose
One of the biggest challenges with designing accurate

surveys is knowing the purpose behind it or narrowing it
down.
A poor survey will have questions that aren’t related and

seemingly have no purpose.
2) Using question bias
The next thing we look at is the problem of question bias.

This means that we are asking questions in such a way
that you’ll get the answers we’re looking for.
In other words, we are “prompting” respondents.
For example, a political organization conducts a survey.

To influence their results, they ask their questions in
carefully crafted ways to elicit the answers they want.
3) Measuring too many things
Along with the purpose of your survey, we have to know

what we’re measuring and how.
If we don’t know this, we’ll end up measuring too many

things or the wrong things, and it will be hard to analyze
your data.
4) Using a biased selection
Selection bias is a problem because it shows responses

that don’t reflect a representative sample of our
population.
While we want a statistically valid sample size, we don’t

want one that is too large and irrelevant. If our sample size
is too large, the responses we get may not accurately
reflect our targeted population.
Good things that we encountered
1) Questionnaires are inexpensive
Questionnaires are one of the most affordable ways to

gather quantitative data .
2) Questionnaires are practical
Apart from being inexpensive, questionnaires are also a

practical way to gather data. They can be targeted to
groups of our choosing and managed in various ways. We
can pick and choose the questions asked as well as the
format ( open - ended or multiple choice ).
3) Questionnaires offer a quick way to get results
It’s quick and easy to collect results with online and mobile
tools. This means that we can gain insights in as little as
24 hours (or less) , depending on the scale and reach of
our questionnaire.
We don’t need to wait for another company to deliver the

answers we need.
4) Scalability
Questionnaires and surveys allow you to gather

information from a large audience.
In online, we can literally distribute our questions to
anyone, anywhere in the world (provided they have an
internet connection). All we have to do is send them a link
to your survey page. And we don’t even need to do this
manually.
I had to answer many questions , I found that it takes a

long time . While responding all the questions , I felt tired .
Simple and easily understandable questions were asked .

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Name – V Navneet Raju

Questionnaire design is one of the most critical stages in

1) Identify the research aims and the goal of the

Ideally, there are already existing questionnaires that have

Clearly , we can test everyone - it’s rather plausible that

Smart questions are the cornerstone of every

It’s often a lost cause trying to analyze data from a

4) Choose the question type

There’s a wide variety in how to phrase questions. In

By contrast, quantitative questionnaires primarily include

“ What did you like about the webinar ? “

“The webinar was useful .“

After optimizing each question separately, it is time to

This stage is crucial for evaluation and optimization

During piloting, we can identify issues in readability and

1) Missing the purpose

One of the biggest challenges with designing accurate

A poor survey will have questions that aren’t related and

The next thing we look at is the problem of question bias.

In other words, we are “prompting” respondents.

For example, a political organization conducts a survey.

3) Measuring too many things

Along with the purpose of your survey, we have to know

If we don’t know this, we’ll end up measuring too many

Selection bias is a problem because it shows responses

While we want a statistically valid sample size, we don’t

Good things that we encountered

1) Questionnaires are inexpensive

Questionnaires are one of the most affordable ways to

Apart from being inexpensive, questionnaires are also a

3) Questionnaires offer a quick way to get results

We don’t need to wait for another company to deliver the

Questionnaires and surveys allow you to gather

I had to answer many questions , I found that it takes a

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