Tutorial Sheet 3: 3 3 (X, Y) (0,0) 3 3 2 2 (X, Y) (0,0) 4 4 2

Tutorial Sheet 3
Functions of two variables, limits, continuity, partial derivatives, total derivatives,

Jacobian, chain rule, Maxima/Minima, Lagrange multipliers and Taylor’s theorem
1. Find the limits (if exists):
sin(x − y) x3 + y 3 x3 + y 3 x4
(i) lim (ii) lim (iii) lim (iv) lim .
(x,y)→(0,0) x−y (x,y)→(1,−1) x + y (x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2 (x,y)→(0,0) x4 + y 2
2. Examine the following functions for continuity at (0, 0). The expression below give the values at (x, y) 6= (0, 0). At (0, 0),
the value should be taken as zero:
x3 y x2 − y 2 x3 y
(i) 6 (ii) xy (iii) ||x| − |y|| − |x| − |y| (iv) .
x + y2 x2 + y 2 x4 + y 2
3. Let
x2 y 2
f (x, y) = for (x, y) 6= (0, 0).
x2 y 2 + (x − y)2
Show that the iterated limits
h i
lim lim f (x, y) and lim lim f (x, y)
x→0 y→0 y→0 x→0
exist and both are equal to 0, but lim f (x, y) does not exist.
(x,y)→(0,0)
4. Examine the following functions for the existence of partial derivative at (0, 0). The expressions below give the value at
(x, y) 6= (0, 0). At (0, 0), the value should be taken as zero.
x2 − y 2 sin2 (x + y) xy sin(x3 + y 4 )
(i) xy 2 2
(ii) (iii) 2 2
(iv) |x| + |y| (v) .
x +y |x| + |y| x +y x2 + y 2
5. Let f (0, 0) = 0 and

1
f (x, y) = (x2 + y 2 ) sin for (x, y) 6= (0, 0).
x2 + y2
Show that f is continuous at (0, 0) and the partial derivatives of f exist but are not bounded in any disc (however small)
around (0, 0).
6. Let f (0, 0) = 0 and 

 x sin(1/x) + y sin(1/y), if x 6= 0, y 6= 0
f (x, y) = x sin(1/x), if x 6= 0, y = 0
y sin(1/y), if x = 0, y 6= 0.

Show that none of the derivatives of f exist at (0,0), although f is continuous at (0,0).
7. Examine the following functions for the existence of differentiability at (0, 0). The expressions below give the value at
(x, y) 6= (0, 0), At (0,0), the value should be taken as zero:
x2 − y 2 x3 1
(iii) x2 + y 2 sin 2

(i) xy 2 2
(ii) 2 2
.
x +y x +y x + y2
8. Let f (x, y) = 0 if y = 0 and

y p 2
f (x, y) = x + y 2 ify 6= 0.
|y|
Show that f is continuous at (0,0) but f is not differentiable at (0,0).
∂2z
9. Given sin(x + y) + sin(y + z) = 1, find , provided cos(y + z) 6= 0.
∂x∂y
∂z ∂z
10. Find and at the points given:
∂x ∂y
1
(i) z 3 − xy + yz + y 3 − 2 = 0, (1, 1, 1) (ii) x + y1 + z1 − 1 = 0, (2, 3, 6) (iii) x3 + z 2 + yexz + z cos y = 0, (0, 0, 0).
11. Let u = y/x, v = x2 + y 2 , w = w(u, v). (i) Express the partial derivatives wx and wy in terms of wu and wv (and x and
y). (ii) Express xwx + ywy in terms of wu and wv ans write the coefficients as functions of u and v. (iii) Find xwx + ywy
in case w = v 5 .
12. Consider the curve of points (x, y, z) satisfying x5 +yz = 3 and xy 2 +yz 2 +zx2 = 7. Use the method of total differentials
to find dx/dy at (x, y, z) = (1, 1, 2).
13. If f (0, 0) = 0 and

x2 − y 2

f (x, y) = xy for (x, y) 6= (0, 0),
x2 + y 2
show that both fxy and fyx exist at (0, 0), but they are not equal. Are fxy and fyx continuous at (0, 0)?
14. Show that the following functions have local minima at the indicated points:
(i) f (x, y) = x4 + y 4 + 4x − 32y − 7, (x0 , y0 ) = (−1, 2)
(ii) f (x, y) = x3 + 3x2 − 2xy + 5y 2 − 4y 3 , (x0 , y0 ) = (0, 0)
15. Analyze the following functions for local maxima. local minima and saddle points:
2
+y 2 )/2
(i) f (x, y) = (x2 − y 2 )e−(x (ii)f (x, y) = x3 − 3xy 2 (iii) f (x, y) = 2xy − x2 − 2y 2 + 3x + 4
(iv) f (x, y) = 2x2 + 3xy + 4y 2 − 5x + 2y. (v) f (x, y) = x3 + y 3 − 3xy.
16. Find the absolute maximum and the absolute minimum of
−π π
f (x, y) = (x2 − 4x) cos y for 1 ≤ x ≤ 3, ≤y≤ .
4 4
17. The temperature at the point (x, y, z) in 3-space is given by T (x, y, z) = 400xyz. Find the highest temperature on the unit
sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.
18. Maximize the f (x, y, z) = xyz subject to the constraints x + y + z = 40 and x + y = z.
19. Minimize f (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 subject to the constraints x + 2y + 3z = 6 and x + 3y + 4z = 9.
20. A company manufactures stainless steel right circular cylindrical molasses storage tanks that are 25 ft high with a radius
of 5 ft. How sensitive are the tanks’ volumes to small variations in height and radius?
21. Find three numbers whose sum is 9 and whose sum of squares is a minimum.
p
22. Find the minimum distance from the cone z = x2 + y 2 to the point (−6, 4, 0).
23. Find the dimension of the rectangular box of maximum volume that can be inscribed inside the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4.
24. Find the maximum and minimum values of x2 + y 2 subject to constraints x2 − 2x + y 2 − 4y = 0.
25. Find the point on the plane x + 2y + 3z = 13 closest to the point (1, 1, 1).
26. Use Taylor’s formula for f (x, y) at the origin to find quadratic and cubic approximation of f near the origin.
2
3
(i) f (x, y) = ex cos y (ii) f (x, y) = ex −y
(iii) f (x, y) = 1−2x−y (iv) f (x, y) = xey .
27. Use Taylor’s formula to find a quadratic approximation of f (x, y) = cos x cos y at the origin. Estimate the error in the
approximation if |x| ≤ 0.1 and |y| ≤ 0.1.

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Tutorial Sheet 3

Functions of two variables, limits, continuity, partial derivatives, total derivatives,

1. Find the limits (if exists):

5. Let f (0, 0) = 0 and

6. Let f (0, 0) = 0 and 

8. Let f (x, y) = 0 if y = 0 and

13. If f (0, 0) = 0 and

16. Find the absolute maximum and the absolute minimum of

18. Maximize the f (x, y, z) = xyz subject to the constraints x + y + z = 40 and x + y = z.

19. Minimize f (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 subject to the constraints x + 2y + 3z = 6 and x + 3y + 4z = 9.

24. Find the maximum and minimum values of x2 + y 2 subject to constraints x2 − 2x + y 2 − 4y = 0.

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