𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑛

𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑋 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎, 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑋 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟á𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝜆
𝑋~𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑛(𝜆)
𝑆𝑖 𝑠𝑢 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑒𝑠

𝑒 −𝜆 𝑥 𝜆
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑃(𝑥) =
𝑥!
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝐸(𝑋) = 𝜆
𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋) = 𝜆

3.124 𝜆 = 2 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 4% 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛

𝜆=2
𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑌~𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑛(2)
5
𝑒 −2 𝑦 2
𝑃(𝑌 > 5) = 1 − 𝑃(𝑌 ≤ 5) = 1 − ∑ = 0.27257
𝑦!
𝑦=0

𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑑

(0.04)(0.27257) ≈ 0.0109

3.125 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑛

𝑋 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑛

𝑋~𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑛(7)
3
𝑒 −7 𝑥 7
𝑎) 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 3) = ∑ = 0.39165
𝑥!
0
 1
𝑒 −7 𝑥 7
𝑏) 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 2) = 1 − 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 1) = 1 − ∑ = 0.999088
𝑥!
0

𝑒 −7 (5)7
𝐶) 𝑃(𝑋 = 5) = = 0.59367
5!
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑠
𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑋: (Ω, Σ) → 𝐴 ⊂ ℝ
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑋 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑎
𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑓: 𝐴 → ℝ 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝑖) 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0 ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴
∞
𝑖𝑖) ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 1
−∞

𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑

𝐴𝑑𝑒𝑚á𝑠
𝑥0
𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 𝑥0 ) = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 (∗)
−∞

𝐴 𝑙𝑎 𝑓ó𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 (∗) 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝐹(𝑥)

𝐹(𝑥 = 𝑥0 ) = 𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 𝑥0 )
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑠
𝑥
𝐹(𝑥) = ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
−∞

𝐸𝑗𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜:
𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟

𝑘𝑥(1 − 𝑥) 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑓(𝑥) = {
0 𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜
𝑎) 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑘 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑘 ≥ 0
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜
1
𝑥2 𝑥3 1 1 1 𝑘
∫ 𝑘𝑥(1 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑘 [ − ]| = 𝑘( − ) = = 1 → 𝑘 = 6
0 2 3 0 2 3 6

𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑒𝑠:

 6𝑥(1 − 𝑥) 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑓(𝑥) = {
0 𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜
𝑏) 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝐹(𝑥) 𝑦 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝐹(𝑥) 𝑦 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑈𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝑥
𝐹(𝑥) = ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
−∞

𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑥 < 0
𝑥
𝐹(𝑥) = ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 0
−∞

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑥 0 𝑥 𝑥
𝐹(𝑥) = ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 6𝑡(1 − 𝑡)𝑑𝑡
−∞ −∞ 0 0
𝑥
= [3𝑡 2 − 2𝑡 3 ] | = 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 3
0
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑥 > 1
𝑥 0 1 𝑥
𝐹(𝑥) = ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
−∞ −∞ 0 1

=0+1+0=1
𝐴𝑠𝑖 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠
0 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 < 0
𝐹(𝑥) = {3𝑥 − 2𝑥 3 𝑠𝑖 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
2

1 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 > 1
𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑓(𝑥)
 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝐹(𝑥)

𝑐) 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑃(0.4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0.8)

𝑈𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑
0.8
0.8
𝑃(0.4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0.8) = ∫ 6𝑥(1 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = (3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 3 ) |
0.4 0.4
= 3[(0.8) − (0.4) ] − 2[(0.8) − (0.4)3 ] = 0.544
2 2 3
 𝑈𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝐹(𝑋 = 𝑥) = 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 𝑥)
𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑃(𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏) = 𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 𝑏) − 𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 𝑎)
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠
𝑃(0.4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0.8) = 𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 0.8) − 𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 0.4) = 𝐹(𝑥 = 0.8) − 𝐹(𝑥 = 0.4)

= [3(0.8)2 − 2(0.8)3 ] − [3(0.4)2 − 2(0.4)3 ] = 0.544

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜: 𝑇𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎
𝑆𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑠
𝑋 = 𝑌 𝑠𝑖 𝑦 𝑠ó𝑙𝑜 𝑠𝑖 𝐹(𝑥) = 𝐹(𝑦)
𝑑) 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑃(𝑥 = 0.5) 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑃(𝑥 = 𝑎) 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑋 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑎
𝑆𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜 [0.5,0.5] = 0.5
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠
𝑃(𝑥 = 0.5) = 𝑃(0.5 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0.5) = 𝐹(𝑥 = 0,5) − 𝐹(0.5) = 0
𝐸𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟 𝑒𝑛 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙
𝑃(𝑥 = 𝑎) = 0
∞
𝑒) 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝐸(𝑥) = ∫ 𝑥𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝜇, 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎
−∞
1
3 1 3 1
𝜇 = ∫ 6𝑥 2 (1 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = [2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 4 ] | = 2 − =
0 2 0 3 2
1
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝜇(𝑥) =
2
𝑓) 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝐾 − é𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝐸(𝑥 𝑘 )
∞
= ∫ 𝑥 𝑘 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 . ¿ 𝑃𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓ó𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑘
−∞
− é𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜?
1 1
6𝑥 𝑘+2 6𝑥 𝑘+3 1
𝐸(𝑋 𝑘 ) = ∫ 𝑥 𝑘 (6𝑥(1 − 𝑥))𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 6𝑥 𝑘+1 (1 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = [ − ]|
0 0 𝑘+2 𝑘+3 0
6 6 1 1 1 6
= − = 6[ − ] = 6[ 2 ]= 2
𝑘+2 𝑘+3 𝑘+2 𝑘+3 𝑘 + 5𝑥 + 6 𝑘 + 5𝑘 + 6
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠
6
𝐸(𝑋 𝑘 ) = → 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑡á 𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟 𝑒𝑠𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠
𝑘2 + 5𝑘 + 6
𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑎: 𝑆𝑖 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑠𝑢𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑠
 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠, 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑋 ≠ 𝑌
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑠𝑖 𝑚𝑋 (𝑡) = 𝑚𝑦 (𝑡) 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑦

𝑋=𝑌
2
𝑔) 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎 𝑉(𝑋) = 𝐸(𝑋 2 ) − (𝐸(𝑋))
1
𝜇=
2
6 6 6 3
𝐸(𝑋 𝑘 ) = → 𝐸(𝑋 2 ) = = =
𝑘2 + 5𝑘 + 6 4 + 10 + 6 20 10
3 1 1
𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋) = − = >0
10 4 20
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑠𝑖 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋) < 0 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎
ℎ) 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛, 𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟, 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑥̃ 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝐹(𝑥 = 𝑥̃) = 0.5
1
𝐹(𝑥̃) = 3𝑥̃ 2 − 2𝑥̃ 3 =
2
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑟

𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 3 − 1 = 0
𝑈𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑚é𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑅𝑎𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑎
𝐿𝑎 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑥0 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝑓(𝑥0 ) ≠ 0
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑓 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 (𝑥0 , 𝑓(𝑥0 ))
𝑠𝑒𝑎 𝑥1 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑗𝑒 𝑥
𝑠𝑖 𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 0 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑥𝑒𝑠 𝑦𝑎 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑧 𝑑𝑒 𝑓, 𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜
𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜
𝐿𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑎 𝑒𝑠
𝑓(𝑥𝑛 )
𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 −
𝑓′(𝑥𝑛 )
 𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠
𝑥̃ = 0.5
𝑖) ¿ 𝑃𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓(𝑥)? 𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜 𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜, 𝑑𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑎 𝑥̂

𝑠𝑖 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥(1 − 𝑥) = 6𝑥 − 6𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 ∈ [0,1]

𝐸𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜
1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 → 6 − 12𝑥 = 0 → 𝑥 =
2
1
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = −12 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜
2
1
𝑥̂ =
2
𝑗) 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟, 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑦 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑙, 𝑎 𝑠𝑢 𝑣𝑒𝑧 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑐í𝑙
𝐴 𝑑𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑟𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛é𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙
𝑝75 → 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑙
𝑝𝑧 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑧 ∈ [0,1]
𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙 𝑧 − é𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑛𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝐹(𝑥 = 𝑝𝑧 ) = 𝑧
 𝑘) 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 0.4|𝑥 < 0.8) 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 0.4)

𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 0.4) = 𝐹(𝑥 = 0.4) = 3(0.4)2 − 2(0.4)3 = 0.352

𝐴ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎
𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 4, 𝑥 < 0.8) 𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 0.4) 𝐹(𝑥 = 0.4) 0.352
𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 0.4|𝑥 < 0.8) = = = =
𝑃(𝑥 < 0.8) 𝐹(𝑥 = 0.8) 𝐹(𝑥 = 0.8) 3(0.8)2 − 2(0.8)3
= 0.3928

𝑙) 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 0.6|𝑥 ≥ 0.3) 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 0.6)

𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 0.6, 𝑥 ≥ 0.3) 𝑃(0.3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0.6) 𝐹(𝑥 = 0.6) − 𝐹(𝑥 = 0.3)
𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 0.6|𝑥 ≥ 0.3) = = =
𝑃(𝑥 ≥ 0.3) 1 − 𝑃(𝑥 < 0.3) 1 − 𝐹(𝑥 = 0.3)
0.648 − 0.216
= = 0.747
1 − 0.216
𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 0.6) = 𝐹(𝑥 = 0.6) = 0.648