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    Lesson-10: What Is SQL?

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    Dantenoid Valentine
    This document provides an overview of database management systems and SQL. It describes the key objectives of learning about database management systems, which include creating, modifying and deleting database objects, updating data using SQL commands, querying data, handling joins, and controlling database access. It then discusses SQL, defining it as a standard query language used for data definition, manipulation, and control. It outlines some of the important features of SQL, including that it is a non-procedural language, uses English-like syntax, and consists of data definition, manipulation, and control languages.

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    Lesson-10: What Is SQL?

    Uploaded by

    Dantenoid Valentine
    29 views2 pages
    This document provides an overview of database management systems and SQL. It describes the key objectives of learning about database management systems, which include creating, modifying and deleting database objects, updating data using SQL commands, querying data, handling joins, and controlling database access. It then discusses SQL, defining it as a standard query language used for data definition, manipulation, and control. It outlines some of the important features of SQL, including that it is a non-procedural language, uses English-like syntax, and consists of data definition, manipulation, and control languages.

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    informacion acerca de los metodos sql

    Original Title

    SQL

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    This document provides an overview of database management systems and SQL. It describes the key objectives of learning about database management systems, which include creating, modifying and deleting database objects, updating data using SQL commands, querying data, handling joins, and controlling database access. It then discusses SQL, defining it as a standard query language used for data definition, manipulation, and control. It outlines some of the important features of SQL, including that it is a non-procedural language, uses English-like syntax, and consists of data definition, manipulation, and control languages.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views2 pages

    Lesson-10: What Is SQL?

    Uploaded by

    Dantenoid Valentine
    This document provides an overview of database management systems and SQL. It describes the key objectives of learning about database management systems, which include creating, modifying and deleting database objects, updating data using SQL commands, querying data, handling joins, and controlling database access. It then discusses SQL, defining it as a standard query language used for data definition, manipulation, and control. It outlines some of the important features of SQL, including that it is a non-procedural language, uses English-like syntax, and consists of data definition, manipulation, and control languages.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Database Management Systems

    After going through this unit, you should be able to:

     Create, modify and delete database schema objects;


     Update database using SQL commands;
     Retrieve data from the database through queries and sub-queries;
     Handle join operations;
     Control database access;
     Deal with database objects like Tables, Views, Indexes, Sequences, and Synonyms
    using SQL.

    Lesson-10
    WHAT IS SQL?

    Structured Query Language (SQL) is a standard fourth generation query language. It is


    commonly used with all relational databases for data definition, manipulation and control
    purposes. All the relational systems support SQL, thus allowing migration of database
    from one DBMS to another. In fact, this is one of the reasons of the major success of
    Relational DBMS. A user may be able to write a program using SQL for an application
    that involves data being stored in more than one DBMSs, provided these DBMSs support
    standard SQL. This feature is commonly referred to as portability. However, not all the
    features of SQL implemented in one RDBMS are available in others because of
    customization of SQL.

    SQL provides an interface where the user can specify “What” are the expected results.
    The query execution plan and optimization is performed by the DBMS. The query plan
    and optimization determines how a query needs to be executed.

    SQL is called a non-procedural language as it just specifies what is to be done rather


    than how it is to be done. Also, since SQL is a higher-level query language, it is closer to
    a language like English. Therefore, it is very user friendly. The American National

    Dr. Tariq Ahmad Page 3


    Database Management Systems

    Standard Institute (ANSI) has designed standard versions of SQL. The first standard in
    this series was created in 1986. It was called SQL-86 or SQL1. This standard was revised
    and enhanced later and SQL-92 or SQL-2 was released. A newer standard of SQL is
    SQL3 which is also called SQL- 99. In this unit we will try to cover features from latest
    standards. However, some features may be found to be very specific to certain DBMSs.

    Following are some of the important features of SQL:

     It is a non procedural language.


     It is an English-like language (High Level/ 4th Generation).
     It can process a single record as well as sets of records at a time.
     It is different from a third generation language (C & C++). All SQL statements
    define what is to be done rather than how it is to be done.
     SQL is a data sub-language consisting of three built-in languages: Data definition
    language (DDL), Data manipulation language (DML) and Data control language
    (DCL).
     It insulates the user from the underlying structure and algorithm.
     SQL has facilities for defining database views, security, integrity constraints,
    transaction controls, etc.

    There are many variants of SQL, but the standard SQL is the same for any DBMS
    environment. The following table shows the differences between SQL and one of its
    superset SQL*Plus which is used in Oracle. This will give you an idea of how various
    vendors have enhanced SQL to an environment. The non-standard features of SQL are
    not portable across databases, therefore, should not be used preferably while writing SQL
    queries.

    DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE (DDL)

    Dr. Tariq Ahmad Page 4

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