Gen Ed 105 Module 3

ILOCOS SUR POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
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MODULE 3
TIME FRAME: Week 6-8 (9 Hours)
INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES:
• Discuss the role of Science and Technology in Philippine Nation Building
• Evaluate government Policies pertaining to science and technology in terms of their contributions
to Nation Building
• Identify Actual science and technology policies of the government and appraise their impact on
the development of the Filipino nation
Vocabulary Check-in:
Nation Building Indigenous Science Government Policies
Lesson 3 – Science, Technology and Nation Building

This lesson will discuss the influence of science and technology in the development of Philippine
society. It identifies government programs, projects and policies geared toward boasting the science amd
technological capacity of the country. This lesson will also include discussion on the Philippines
indigenous science and technology.
Government Policies on Science and Technology

The Philippine government introduced and implemented several programs, projects, and policies to boost
the area of science and technology. The goal is to prepare the whole country and its people to meet the
demands of a technologically driven world and capacitate the people to live in a world driven by science.
Padilla-Concepcion (2015) reported that in 2015, in response to the ASEAN 2015 Agenda, the
government, particularly the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), has sought the expertise
of the National Research Council of the Philippines (NCRP) to consult various sectors in the society to
study how the Philippines can prepare itself in meeting the ASEAN 2015 Goals. As a result of the
consultation, the NCRP is expected to recommend policies and programs that will improve the
competitiveness of the Philippines in the ASEAN Region.
The NCRP clustered these policies into four, namely:

1. Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies and Governance
• Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic education without adding to the curriculum
• Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue
• Developing school infrastructure and providing for ICT broadband
• Local food security
Course Code: Gen. Ed. 105

Descriptive Title: Science, Technology and Society Instructor: MARY JOY U. CABOTAGE, LPT
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2. Physics, Engineering and Industrial Research, Earth and Space Sciences, and Mathematics
• Emphasizing degrees, licenses, and employment opportunities
• Outright grants for peer monitoring
• Review of R.A. 9184
• Harnessing science and technology as an independent mover of development
3. Medical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences

• Ensuring compliance of drug-manufacturing firms with ASEAN-harmonized standards by full
implementation of the Food and Drug Administration
• Creating an education council dedicated to standardization of pharmaceutical services and care
• Empowering food and drug agencies to conduct evidence- based research as pool of information
• Allocating two percent of the GDP to research
• Legislating a law supporting human genome projects
4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry
• Protecting and conserving biodiversity by full implementation of existing laws
• Use of biosafety and standard model by ASEAN countries
• Promoting indigenous knowledge systems and indigenous people's conservation
• Formulation of common food and safety standards
There are also other existing programs supported by the Philippine government through the DOST. Some
of these projects are the following:
• Providing funds for basic research and patents related to science and technology. The
government funds basic and applied researches. Funding of these research and projects are
also from the Overseas Development Aid (ODA) from different countries.
• Providing scholarships for undergraduate and graduate studies of students in the field of science
and technology. Saloma (2015) pointed out that the country needs to produce more doctoral
graduates in the field of science and technology, and produce more research in these fields,
including engineering.
• Establishing more branches of the Philippine Science High School System for training young
Filipinos in the field of science and technology.
• Creating science and technology parks to encourage academe and industry partnerships.
• Balik Scientist Program to encourage Filipino scientists abroad to come home and work in the
Philippines or conduct research and projects in collaboration with Philippine-based scientists.
• Developing science and technology parks in academic campuses to encourage academe and
industry partnerships.
• The establishment of the National Science Complex and National Engineering Complex within
the University of the Philippines campus in Diliman. These aimed to develop more science and
technology and engineering manpower resources needed by the country. They also aimed to
produce more researches in these fields.
The Philippine-American Academy of Science and Engineering (PAASE, 2008) identified several
capacity-building programs such as:

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• Establishment of national centers of excellence

• Manpower and institutional development programs, such as the Engineering and Science
Education Program (ESEP) to produce more PhD graduates in science and engineering.
• Establishment of regional centers to support specific industries that will lead the country in
different research and development Areas.
• Establishment of science and technology business centers to assist, advise, and incubate
technology eptreneurship ventures.
• Strengthen science education at an early stage through Philippine Science High School system
In the field of education, several science-related programs country. projects were created to develop the
scientific literacy of the Special science classes were organized and special science elementary schools
were established in different regions. Aside from these, science and mathematics in basic education were
continuously improved. The current K to 12 education program included Science, Technology,
Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) as one of its major tracks in the senior high school program to
encourage more students to enroll in science-related fields in college.
Lately, the Commission on Higher Education launched its Philippine-California Advanced Research
Institutes (PICARI) Project to allow several higher education institutions in the Philippines and some US-
based laboratories, research institutes, and universities to work on research and projects related to
science, agriculture, engineering, health, and technology. This project is hoped to strengthen the STEM
competitiveness
of the country.
There are many other areas and fields that the country is looking forward to embark various research and
projects. The following are some of them:
1. Use of alternative and safe energy
2. Harnessing mineral resources
3. Finding cure for various diseases and illness
4. Climate change and global warming
5. Increasing food production
6. Preservation of natural resources
7. Coping with natural disasters and calamities
8. Infrastructure development
The Philippine Congress has also created various laws related to science and technology. These laws
serve as a legal framework for science and technology in the country. These laws vary according to
different themes such as: conservation, health-related, technology-building, and supporting basic
research, among others. Some laws and policies are in line with international treaties such as the United
Nations (UN), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Association
of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and other international agencies.

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FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FILED OF SCIENCE

These Filipino scientists are:
1. Ramon Cabanos Barba- for his outstanding research on tissue culture in Philippine mangoes
2. Josefino Cacas Comiso - for his works on observing the characteristics of Antarctica by using
satellite images
3. Jose Bejar Cruz Jr. - known internationally in the field of electrical engineering; was elected as
officer of the famous Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
4. Lourdes Jansuy Cruz- notable for her research on sea snail venom
5. Fabian Millar Dayrit- for his research on herbal medicine
6. Rafael Dineros Guerrero III -for his research on tilapia culture
7. Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr.- for inventing the meconium drugs testing
8. Lilian Formalejo Patena- for doing research on plant biotechnology
9. Mari-Jo Panganiban Ruiz - for being an outstanding educator and graph theorist
10. Gregory Ligot Tangonan- for his research in the field of communications technology
There are other outstanding Filipino scientists who are recognized here and abroad for their outstanding
contributions in science:
• Caesar A. Saloma - an internationally renowned physicist
• Edgardo Gomez - famous scientist in marine science
• William Padolina- chemistry and president of National Academy of Science and Technology
(NAST)-Philippines
• Angel Alcala - marine science
There are other scientists in the Philippines who were not identified in the list. Yet, the Philippines still
need more scientists and engineers, and there is a need to support scientific research in the country. The
University of the Philippines-Los Baños is a science paradise for agriculture, forestry, plant and animal
science, and veterinary science. It has produced numerous scientists and various research in the fields
mentioned.
INDIGENOUS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

This lesson focuses on indigenous science and technology in the Philippines. Filipinos, especially during
the early times, tried to invent tools that will help them in everyday life. They also developed alternative
ideas in explaining various phenomena and in explaining the world around them. This system of
knowledge is called indigenous knowledge, which is the foundation of indigenous science.
Indigenous Knowledge System

Indigenous knowledge is embedded in the daily life experiences of young children as they grow up. They
live and grow in a society where the members of the community prominently practice indigenous
knowledge. Their parents and other older folks served as their first teachers and their methods of teaching
are very effective in transmitting cultural knowledge in their minds. The lessons they learned are intimately

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interwoven with their culture and the environment. These lessons comprised of good values Science.
Technology, and Society
According to Cajete (2004), indigenous science includes everything from metaphysics to philosophy and
various practical technologies practiced by indigenous peoples both past and present. Paccarino (2003)
elaborated this idea by explaining that science is a part of culture, and how science is done largely
depends on the cultural practices of the people. Indigenous beliefs also develop desirable values that are
relevant or consistent to scientific attitudes as identified by Johnston (2000), namely: (1) motivating
attitudes; (2) cooperating attitudes; (3) practical attitudes; and (4) reflective attitudes. These cultural
beliefs therefore can be good doing foundation for developing positive values toward learning and doing
science and in bringing science in a personal level.
Pawilen (2005) explained that indigenous science knowledge has developed diverse structures and
contents through the interplay between the society and the environment. According to Kuhn (1962),
developmental stages of most sciences are characterized by continual competition between a number of
distinct views of nature, each partially derived from, and all roughly compatible with the dictates of
scientific observation and method. Sibisi (2004) also pointed out that indigenous science provides the
basics of astronomy, pharmacology, food technology, or metallurgy, which were derived from traditional
knowledge and practices. and life stories of people on their daily life struggles. Their views about and
nature and their reflections on their experiences in daily life are evident in their stories, poems, and songs.
Some examples of indigenous knowledge that are taught and practiced by the indigenous people are:
• predicting weather conditions and seasons using knowledge in observing animals' behavior and
celestial bodies;
• using herbal medicine:
• preserving foods;
• classifying plants and animals into families and groups based on cultural properties;
• preserving and selecting good seeds for planting;
• using indigenous technology in daily lives;
• building local irrigation systems;
• classifying different types of soil for planting based on cultural properties;
• producing wines and juices from tropical fruits: and
• keeping the custom of growing plants and vegetables in the yard.
Indigenous Science
Indigenous science is part of the indigenous knowledge system practiced by different groups of people
and early civilizations (Gribbin. 2001: Mkapa. 2004: Sibisi, 2004). It includes complex arrays of
knowledge. expertise, practices, and representations that guide human societies in their enumerable
interactions with the natural milieu: agriculture, medicine. naming and explaining natural phenomena, and
strategies for coping with changing environments (Pawilen, 2005). Ogawa (1995) claimed that it is
collectively lived in and experienced by the people of a given culture.

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Intended Learning Activity:
1. What are the laws related to science and technology in the Philippines from the year 2000. (20
pts)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Identify several Filipino scientists and research on their contributions in the field of science. (20
pts)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Assignment:
Give the major contributions of the following Presidential Administration to the development of science
and technology for Nation Building. (35 pts)
1. Ferdinand Marcos
2. Corazon Aquino
3. Fidel V. Ramos
4. Joseph Estrada
5. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
6. Benigno Aquino III
7. Rodrigo Duterte

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CHAPTER 2: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY AND THE HUMAN CONDITION

HUMAN FLOURISHING
INTRODUCTION
Eudaimonia, literally "good spirited," is a term coined by renowned Greek philosopher Aristotle (385-323
BC) to describe the pinnacle of happiness that is attainable by humans. This has often been translated
into human flourishing" in literature, arguably likening humans to flowers achieving their full bloom. As
discussed in the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle's human flourishing arises as a result of different
components such as phronesis, friendship, wealth, and power. In the Ancient Greek society, they believe
that acquiring these qualities will surely bring the seekers happiness, which in effect allows them to
partake in the greater notion of what we call the Good.
Science, Technology, and Human Flourishing
In the previous chapters, contributions of science and technology have been laid down thoroughly. Every
discovery, innovation, and success contributes to our pool of human knowledge. Perhaps, one of the
most prevalent themes is human's perpetual need to locate himself in the world by finding proofs to trace
evolution. The business of uncovering the secrets of the universe answers the question of our existence
and provides us something to look forward to. Having a particular role, which is uniquely ours, elicits our
idea of self importance. It is in this regard that human flourishing is deeply intertwined with goal setting
relevant to science and technology. In this case, the latter is relevant as a tool in achieving the former or
echoing Heidegger's statement, technology is a human activity that we excel in as a result of achieving
science. Suffice to say that the end goals of both science and technology and human flourishing are
related, in that the good is inherently related to the truth. The following are two concepts about science
which ventures its claim on truth.
Science as Method and Results
For the most part, science's reputation stems from the objectivity brought upon by an arbitrary, rigid
methodology whose very character absolves it from any accusation of prejudice. Such infamy effectivelv
raised science in a pedestal untouchable by other institutions-its sole claim to reason and empiricism-
garnering supporters who want to defend it and its ways.
In school, the scientific method is introduced in the earlier part of discussions. Even though the number
of steps varies, it presents a general jdea of how to do science:
1. Observe and determine if there are unexplained occurrences unfolding.
2. Determine the problem and identify factors involved.
3. Through past knowledge of similar instance, formulate hypothesis
4. Conduct experiment by setting up dependent and independent variables, and trying to see how
independent ones affect dependent ones.
5. Gather and analyze results throughout and upon culmination of the experiment. Examine if the
data gathered are significant enough to conclude results.
6. Formulate conclusion and provide recommendation in case others would want to broaden the
study.

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Science as a Social Endeavor

Due to inconclusiveness of the methodologies previously cited, a new school of thought on the proper
demarcation criterion of science emerged. Several philosophers such as Paul Thagard, Imre Lakatos,
Helen Longino, David Bloor, and Richard Rorty, among others, presented an alternative demarcation that
explores the social dimension of science and effectively, technology. Sciences cease to belong solely to
gown- wearing, bespectacled scientists at laboratories. The new view perpetuates a dimension which
generally benefits the society. For instance, far-off places in South America where many of the tribes
remain uncontacted, do not regard western science as their science. Whatever their science is, it can be
ascertained that it is in no way inferior to that of globalized peoples' science. Thus, it presents an
alternative notion that goes beyond the boundaries of cold, hard facts of science and instead projects it
in a different light, such as a manifestation of shared experience forging solidarity over communities.
Science and Results
For the most part, people who do not understand science are won over when the discipline is able to
produce results. Similar to when Jesus performed miracles and garnered followers, people are sold over
the capacity of science to do stuff they cannot fully comprehend. In this particular argument, however,
science is not the only discipline which is able to produce results-religion, Iuck, and human randomness
are some of its contemporaries in the field. For some communities without access to science, they can
turn to divination and superstition and still get the same results. Science is not entirely foolproof, such
that it is correct 100% of the time. Weather reports, for one, illustrate fallibility and limitations of their
scope, as well as their inability to predict disasters. The best that can be done during an upcoming
disaster is to reinforce materials to be more calamity proof and restore the area upon impact. It can be
then concluded that science does not monopolize the claim for definite results.
Science as Education
Aforementioned discussion notes that there is no such thing as a singular scientific method, offering
instead a variety of procedures that scientists can experiment with to get results and call them science.
Discoveries in physics, specifically in quantum mechanics, appeared to have debunked the idea of
objectivity in reality, subscribing instead to alternative idea called intersubjectivity. With objectivity gone,
it has lost its number one credence. Nevertheless, there still exists a repressing concept that comes about
as a result of unjustified irreverence of science-our preference of science-inclined students over those
which are less adept
How Much Is Too Much?
In 2000, world leaders signed the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) that targets eight concerns, one
of which states that they should be able to forge a global partnership for development. In as much as the
institutes imposing them do so in go0d faith, the primary goal to achieve growth for all might prove to be
fatal in the long run. Economists believe that growth is the primary indicator of development, as both go
hand in hand, and has put forth their resources in trying to achieve such. Technology has been a primary
instrument in enabling them to pursue said goal, utilizing resources, machineries, and labor. What is
missing in this equation is that growth presents an illusory notion of sustainability—the world's resources
can only provide so much, it cannot be expected to stretch out for everybody's consumption. Over a long
period of time. Moreover, growth is not infinite-there is no preordained ceiling once the ball starts rolling.
If the MDG convention's intent was to get everyone in the growth ship, that ship will surely sink before

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leaving the port. The same analogy applies to the capacity of nature to accommodate us, which Joseph
Hickel contemplated on, suggesting that developed countries should not push forth more growth but
instead adopt "de-development" policies or else, everybody loses. The rapid pace of technological growth
allows no room for nature to recuperate, resulting in exploitation and irreversible damages to nature.
Right now, we are experiencing repercussions of said exploits in the hands of man-made. Climate
change, which would spowball and affect majority of flora and launa, driving half of the latter extinct in
less than a hundred year from now. If this continues in its currently alarming rate, we might bring about
our own extinction.
LESSON 2: TECHNOLOGY AS A WAY OF REVEALING

INTRODUCTION
Comparing the lives of the people before and now will make anyone realize the changes that happened
in society not just in terms of culture, language, or rights but more importantly, changes in people's way
of life due to the existence of science and technology. The term "generation gap" is attributed mainly to
the changes brought about by technology. Although the original idea is for technology to help everyone,
it cannot be denied that until today, not everyone is comfortable in using the different kinds of
technologies. Mostly those who belong to the older generation think that these technologies are too
complicated to operate. They have been used to the simple living in the past and these available
technological devices, though very appealing, are a difficult puzzle to them.
The Human Condition Before Common Era

Our early ancestors' primal need to survive paved way for the invention of several developments. Gifted
with brains more advanced than other creatures, humans are able to utilize abundant materials for their
own ease and comfort. As it is difficult to pinpoint the particular period where technology is said to have
started, one can say that at the very least, the motivation to make things easier has been around since
humans are. Homo erectus have been using fire to cook, through chipping one flint over the other to
produce a spark. all the while without realizing the laws of friction and heat. Tools from stone and flints
marked the era of the Stone Age, during the advent of our very own Homo sapiens, and humans began
to sharpen stones as one would a knife; an example of this is the simple machine called wedge.
This particular period proved to be difficult for our ancestors, but in a remarkably distinct way. There is
little to no written accounts except for several cave drawings and unearthed artifacts from various parts
of the world that narrate how their culture came to be. It then proves that there is little capacity for our
ancestors to contemplate and perceive things outside themselves in a more reflective manner. For
instance, there are several excavations in different parts of Europe of miniature statues prevalent during
the Paleolithic period, the so-called "Venus" figure. It depicts a rudimentary carving of a voluptuous
woman out of ivory or stone. The reason behind this is still unknown to archaeologists and anthropologists
alike; they can only infer that the humans of yesterday have a certain fixation on the female anatomy.
What did this fascination translate to? Lack of conclusive evidence hinders us from proceeding any
further. Soon enough, people discovered minerals and began forging metalwork. They realized that these
substances are more durable, malleable, and have more luster than the previous material. On the other
hand, there are some indicators that humans in the past share the same concerns and interests,

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suggesting that these inclinations persist through multitudes of generation over several millennia. Fur
clothing and animal skin are primarily used for comfort against harsh winds-our ancestors are able to
draw the connection between their being naked and vulnerable due to some lack of fur or protective
covering which would otherwise allow them to withstand extreme weather conditions. They begin to cover
themselves up out of necessity, and gradually, added several more to their Garments. Some of those
found at excavation sites are reminiscent of early accessories, suggesting that our ancestors have been
deeply engaged in the concept of beauty. Perhaps, they had taken a liking to a certain shiny stone, or a
perfectly shaped bone, and wanted to wear it as trophy.
The Human Condition in the Common Era

For a long time, humans were content with their relationship with nature. Earliest case of man-made
extinction occurred over 12,000 years ago, possibly brought upon by hunting and territorial disputes. The
Holocene extinction, also called the sixth extinction or more aptly Anthropocene extinction, occurred from
as early as between 100,000 to 200,000 years up to the present. It pertains to the ongoing extinction of
several species-both flora and fauna-due to human activity. Driven by their primal need to survive and
gaining the upper hand in terms of development and adaptability, humans were quick to find ways to
drive off other megafaunas threatening a prospective hunting spot and eventually, settling grounds.
Growing population also necessitated finding additional resources, leading to overhunting and overfishing
common prey, some of which were endemic to the area. Hunting, coupled with a changing terrain that
the humans began cultivating when agriculture emerged some 9,000 years ago, caused several species
to lose competition in territory and food resources. Formation of communities caused humans to expand
more in territory and more people to feed; large, separate communities hailing from the same ancestors
and residing in the same large community paved way for civilizations. Even as a community, the people
realized that though they were at most self-sufficient, they were in constant need of resources. Albert
waging was with other tribes seemed to be the early solution, they were able to find out some 5,000 years
ago that engaging in a peaceful negotiation was also a possible and less bloody method. They realized
that they could get hold of things not present in their towns by offering. Something of same value present
in theirs. It is in this process that trade emerged, leading to cross-town and eventually cross-cultural
interaction and more products were exchanged and the initial needs extended to wants. People then had
a new objective gather as much products as possible. They have turned to wealth as one of their goals
as humans and ultimately as civilizations. for they perceived that those who have live comfortably and
thus are generally happier than those who do not have sufficient wealth. Thus, they began to hunt, farm,
and produce things with prospect of profit. A nuclear community which is initially self-sufficient has to
accommodate their growing population with depleting resources. Leading them to be reliant to other
communities' produce which keeps them surviving. In return, these communities have to make use of
their current resources twice as much to provide for other communities' needs. Products of every kind
were exchanged, ranging from necessary ones such as crops, cattle, poultry, others of kind, and clothing
materials, up to metals, accessories, weapons, spices, literature, and entertainment. They were able to
find and create niches for interests. When they could not sell products, they used their skills and got
compensated for it-bringing forth a specialized group of artisans. Humanity became more complex. The
primary goal was not merely to survive, but to live the good life. Technology has been instrumental in all
of these because in searching for the good life, people were able to come up with creations that would
make life easier, more comfortable, and more enriching. Although the good life envisioned before might
be pale in comparison to the multifariousness of today, it offered us the initial intricacies of how today

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came to be. Such intricacies are also evident in the machines created and causes endeavored by the
people of long ago. They perceive death as, at the very least, unpleasant and concocted potions to ward
evil off from their kinsmen, often appealing to their gods for blessings. Medicine was thus born, although
it would take a considerably long time before it part ways with potion. They became fixated with gold and
were adamant in procuring more, trying to use incantations with mixtures of substances to turn lead into
one. This ultimately paved way for the emergence of chemistry in its primitive form, not quite distinct from
alchemy. Due to differing races, belief, or abundance of resources and/or territory, wars were always
being waged, leading communities to allocate resources to the militia. Initially, the early leaders were
those who portrayed exceptional strength among their group--this condition carried on for generations.
Physical strength was valued at most, although there appeared to be many intellectually gifted figures
just the same. These innovators were primarily the ones behind discoveries and triumphs of these
civilizations. Position-wise, the humans of today are much better off compare to humans several
centuries ago. Advancements in medicine, technology.
Health. and education ushered in humanity's best yet, and show no sign of stopping. Below are some of
the notable comparisons then and now:
Mortality Rate. Due to technology, lesser women and children die during birth, assuring robust population
and strong workforce. Medical care for premature infants allows them to survive and develop normally,
while proper maternal care ensures that mothers can fully recover and remain empowered.
Average Lifespan. Aside from the reason that people engage less in combat and are less likely to die in
treatable diseases now as opposed to then, science is able to prolong lives by enhancing living status
and discovering different remedies to most diseases. Distribution of medicines is also made easier and
faster.
Literacy Rate. Access to education provided to more individuals generally creates a more informed public
that could determine a more just society.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Although not an indicator of an average person's lifestyle in a certain
country, it is often used to determine the value of the country's goods and services produced within the
territory given a certain time period. Higher country income is brought upon by high productivity, often an
indicator of presence of technology.
The Essence of Technology

Humanity has indeed come a long way from our primitive ways, and as a general rule, it is said that we
are more "developed" than we were before. Above data are few indicators of the route that we have come
to take as species, and there are no signs of stopping. Modern humans are reliant on technology in their
search for the good life. We see ways and means from nature to utilize and achieve growth-a goal that
we believe would bring forth betterment. In retrospect, this view of technology proves to be goal-oriented.
It assumes that it is instrumental in achieving a goal in mind, purposeful, deliberate craft humans steer in
order to reach some or good. In the advent of postmodernism, however, the deterministic appended to
technology crumbled as people began to question if anvthing is deterministic at all. Apart from its purpose,
what is technologv? The history of technology brought purposeful choices for man in his search for the
ultimate good? Some tried to redefine technology away from its purpose. One philosopher by the name
of Martin Heidegger argued that: essence, or purpose, and being are different from each other. He was

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able to expound on this point upon identifying that technology can either be perceived as first, a means
to achieve man's end and second, that which constitutes human activity. The second perspective paints
technology in such a way that each period reveals a particular character regarding man's being. A
characteristic design, or flaw, unfolds based on the repercussions brought upon by immersing ourselves
with a piece of new technology. In effect, through technology, a myriad of new questions begins to mount.
Rather than thinking that humans have a clear idea of what to expect in a good life, it can be stated that
technology allows humans to confront the unknown and see how they would react. This is not a good
thing altogether though, for technological revelation is but one of the many ways to perceive the world.
However, as long as humans are invested in growth and development, we cannot distance ourselves
from this perspective. In the name of growth, view the world as a field of resources, vent on attributing
monetary value on seemingly priceless entities. We begin to categorize nature as renewable and
nonrenewable instead of seeing it as it is. Humans are reduced into the amount of productivity they are
able to render during their lifetime, and our current mindset is geared toward which would utilize our own
skills. A good life is one which is practical in essence; a life which makes use of our labor and which We
get compensated fairly upon. It is no wonder that the sciences are one of the most sought after courses,
for the opportunities are plenty and one of the resources are bountiful. Since are seeking for, the search
continues. It is a looming fear, however, that humans appear not to really know what they the path we
are treading will not take us to the right direction, leading us in endless circles instead in our pursuit of
the good life. This is the danger presented by too much reliance on technology. Humans lose track of
things that matter, reducing their surroundings to their economic value. As this presents strong backing
by the sciences whose reverence Is also brought upon by our deluded enchantment with technology, it
will prove to be a herculean task to distance ourselves from this perspective and consider alternatives.
After all, it was science and technology that gave us explanations, which worked for us and benefited us,
Rejecting a working, tried-and-tested process seems foolish, more so, knowing that there are no options
of equal value. It will be absurd to venture the dark and the unknown, but it should be done in order for
us to retrace our steps to be able to achieve the Good.
Backtracking the Human Condition
Technology's initial promises proved to be true, regardless of its ramifications. All in all the human
condition improved, only if by improving we measure the level of comfort, various scientific breakthroughs,
and improved lifestyles of those who had the luxury to afford to do so. Different machineries aid in
prolonging lives--assisting those with disabilities, honing efficiency in industrial workplaces, and even
exploring the universe for places we can thrive once all the Earth's resources are depleted. As to the
initial aims, it appears that things really did not much differ. Some places in the world are still battling for
their daily survival--diseases, tribe wars, lack of habitable territories, and competitions on resources are
several factors contributing to such. People still wage wars on the basis of races, belief, and abundance
of resources and/or territory; except that now, they are able to inflict such in a global scale. A lot of people
still subscribe to religion in explaining things that they do not know. For those who have cased to do so,
they have turned their worships to reverence of science. Whether science or religion, these people are
still bent on trying to make sense of the events happening in the world on the basis of either of these two
paradigms. They are still trying to discover and rediscover things that would give meaning to their lives-
whether it be honor, Strength, or merit. People are still trying to make sense of their existence in the world
and technology does little to aid them in their pursuit of life's meaning. It seems that the human condition,
although more sophisticate is nothing but a rehashed version of its former self. Nothing much has
changed since then, and it appears that nothing will change in the times to come if we fail to shift our view

Santa Maria Campus
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elsewhere. While it is true that technology offered us one compelling notion of the truth and the good, we
should be staunch in our resolve if we want to know the real one. For starters we might begin with
considering other concepts, which corresponds to the Good, such as Aristotle's conception of human
flourishing. His notion entertains the idea of holistic enrichment of a person situated in his society. A
notable distinction on Aristotle's idea is his subscription on evaluative concepts called virtues and their
role in achieving the good life. Technological advancements are seemingly occurring in a rapid pace that
our morality cannot quite keep up; no such consideration was given in this approach in achieving the
good life. This will further be discussed in the following chapters.
Intended Learning Activity:
1. What do you think constitutes human flourishing? (10 pts.)

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Write your instance about “technology as a means to an end or an end in itself”. Which do you
agree with, technology is an instrument to achieve human goals, or technology is what humanity
does? (15 pts.)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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MODULE
Assignment:
Create a blog that promotes and advocates sustainable living and human flourishing. Post it on your
facebook accounts and tag or mention my account (Joy Cabotage). An example of your activity is shown
below. STRICTLY NO COPY PASTE. Submit also a written copy and attach on the folder intended for
MODULE 3 on our google classroom. (50 pts)

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ESSAY RUBRIC
5 points • has a strong central idea that is related to the topic;

• provides compelling support to the thesis topic;
• has a clear, logical organization with well‐developed major points that are supported
with concrete and specific evidence;
• uses effective transitions between ideas;
• uses appropriate words composing sophisticated sentences;
• expresses ideas freshly and vividly;
• is free of mechanical, grammatical, and spelling errors.
• • is not more or less than required page length.
4 points • has a strong central idea that is related to the assignment;

• has a clear, logical organization with developed major points, but the supporting
evidence may not be especially vivid or thoughtful;
• uses appropriate words accurately, but seldom exhibits an admirable style while the
sentences tend to be less sophisticated;
• has few mechanical, grammatical, and spelling errors that do not distract from the
overall message.
• • is substantially more or less than required page length.
3 points • not quite a 4‐point essay, but better than a 2‐point essay.
• is not related to the assignment
2 points • is not related to the assignment

• has a central idea that is presented in such a way that the reader understands the
writer’s purpose;
• has an organization that reveals a plan, but the evidence tends to be general rather
than specific or concrete;
• uses common words accurately, but sentences tend to be simplistic and
unsophisticated;
• has one or two severe mechanical or grammatical errors.
1 point • lacks a central idea (no thesis);

• lacks clear organization;
• is not related to the assignment;
• fails to develop main points, or develops them in a repetitious or illogical way;
• fails to use common words accurately;
• uses a limited vocabulary in that chosen words fail to serve the writer's purpose;
• has three or more mechanical or grammatical errors.

Santa Maria Campus
MODULE


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ILOCOS SUR POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE

Santa Maria Campus

Nation Building Indigenous Science Government Policies

Lesson 3 – Science, Technology and Nation Building

Government Policies on Science and Technology

The NCRP clustered these policies into four, namely:

Course Code: Gen. Ed. 105

3. Medical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Course Code: Gen. Ed. 105

• Establishment of national centers of excellence

Course Code: Gen. Ed. 105

FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FILED OF SCIENCE

INDIGENOUS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

Indigenous Knowledge System

Course Code: Gen. Ed. 105

Course Code: Gen. Ed. 105

Intended Learning Activity:

Course Code: Gen. Ed. 105

CHAPTER 2: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY AND THE HUMAN CONDITION

Course Code: Gen. Ed. 105

Science as a Social Endeavor

Course Code: Gen. Ed. 105

LESSON 2: TECHNOLOGY AS A WAY OF REVEALING

The Human Condition Before Common Era

Course Code: Gen. Ed. 105

The Human Condition in the Common Era

Course Code: Gen. Ed. 105

The Essence of Technology

Course Code: Gen. Ed. 105

Course Code: Gen. Ed. 105

Intended Learning Activity:

1. What do you think constitutes human flourishing? (10 pts.)

Course Code: Gen. Ed. 105

Course Code: Gen. Ed. 105

5 points • has a strong central idea that is related to the topic;

4 points • has a strong central idea that is related to the assignment;

2 points • is not related to the assignment

1 point • lacks a central idea (no thesis);

Course Code: Gen. Ed. 105

Course Code: Gen. Ed. 105

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