THE IMPACT OF APPLICATION OF INFORMATION

AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN

THE ADMINISTRATION OF POLYTECHNICS IN
OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

BY

SONEYE SEMIU ADEBAYO

MATRIC NO: NOU100032296

A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION,

NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, ABEOKUTA, IN
PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD
OF MASTERS DEGREE IN EDUCATION

DECEMBER 2012

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 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this research project entitled THE IMPACT OF APPLICATION OF

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN THE

ADMINISTRATION OF POLYTECHNIC IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA was carried out by

SONEYE, Semiu Adebayo in the School of Education, National Open University of Nigeria

Abeokuta for the award of Masters Degree in Education.

_____________________ _____________________
DR. FOLAJIN, S.O. SIGNATURE / DATE
PROJECT SUPERVISOR

________________________ _____________________
PROGRAMME LEADER SIGNATURE / DATE

_____________________________ _____________________
PROF. BADMUS ADEMOLA SIGNATURE / DATE
DEAN SCHOOL OF EDUCATION

________________________ _____________________
EXTERNAL EXAMINER SIGNATURE / DATE

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 DEDICATION

This research project is dedicated to the Holy Spirit, who has been the source of my

inspiration. Also to my dependable wife, Mrs. Endurance Amishetu Adesayo Soneye and to

my beloved children, Adebayo Soneye (Jnr.), Adedayo Soneye and Adetayo Soneye.

To number one student of National open University of Nigeria Chief Aremu Okikiola

Olusegun Obasanjo (Former President Federal Republic of Nigeria).

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My profound gratitude goes to the Almighty God for His continual guidance, shelter,

provisions and support. I also wish to express my indebtedness to my loving and caring

mother Mrs. Grace Abiola Soneye for her motherly advice and encouragement. I really

appreciate your spiritual assistance and I say a big thank you. I also wish to acknowledge the

efforts and concern of my darling wife Mrs. Endurance Amishetu Adesanyo Soneye and my

beloved children Adebayo Soneye (Jnr.), Adedayo Soneye and Adetayo Soneye for their

sincere passion and interest for my professional career.

I am also grateful to my Senior Professional Colleagues; Dr. Farayola of Adeniran Ogunsanya

College of Education Otta Ijanmt in Lagos. Mr. Kunle Aina (Residence Supervisor) Tai

Solarin College of Education, Ibafo Campus, Pastor Odumo (Co-ordinator) Federal College of

Education Osiele Abeokuta Mowe Campus, Mr. Oke (Principal) Community High School

Ibafo, Ogun State for there support and encouragement.

My sincere appreciation goes to my Project Supervisor Dr. S.O. Folajin for his guidance,

encouragement, corrections, suggestions and opinion which were quite informed and

enhanced the quality of this research project. Also, I appreciate the concern and contribution

of my past and present counselor Mrs. Omotayo (NOUN Lagos Centre), Dr. (Mrs.) Aina

(NOUN Abeokuta Centre).

Finally, I wish to express my appreciation to all my past and present students at various

outreach centre for their contributions and support towards the realization of my profession

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career. Thank you all (Tai Solarin College of Education, Ibafo Campus, Federal College of

Education Abeokuta, Mowe Campus and Moshood Abiola Polytechnic Mowe Campus.

May the good Lord continue to grant you knowledge, wisdom and understanding in all your

endeavours Amen.

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 ABSTRACT

The study was on the Impact of Application of Information and Communication Technology

(ICT) in the administration of Polytechnic in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study population

comprised 5 polytechnics in Ogun State, Nigeria. These polytechnic were one Federal

Polytechnic, one State owned Polytechnic, one Private owned Polytechnic and two ICT

Polytechnics. Sixty subjects were randomly selected from the population. However, related

literatures were reviewed from textbooks, journals and past researches. The research

instruments were questionnaire which was statically analyzed with contingency tables while

the hypotheses were both tested at 0.05 level of significance using the mean statistic. It was

discovered that there is a significant relationship between Information and Communications

Technology (ICT) and the administration of polytechnic. Therefore, the finding revealed that

the proprietors of polytechnics (Federal Government, State Government and private

individuals) should procure more ICT facilities and equipment to enhance efficiency and

effectiveness in polytechnic administration of polytechnic. This study suggested that

administrators of polytechnics should place greater emphasis on ICT in their respective

institutions to foster capacity building of human resources, material resources and financial

resources.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract vi
Table of contents vii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Rationale / theoretical frame work 2
1.3 Statement of the problem 3
1.4 Purpose of the study 4
1.5 Research questions / hypothesis 4
1.6 Significance of the study 5
1.7 Limitations of the study 5
1.8 Dedication of the study 5
1.9 Operation definitions of terms 6

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Introduction 8
2.2 Basic concepts of information and communications technology 8
2.3 Overview of information and communications technology application
in educational administration 11
2.4 Application of information and communications technology in
polytechnic financial administration 12
2.5 Applicability of information and communications technology (ICT)
In students and staff administration 15
2.6 Administration and Basic principles of administration 18
2.7 Leadership role of institutional administrator 23

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2.8 Historical background of polytechnic education in Nigeria 25
2.9 Application of computers to institutional administration in Nigeria 27
2.10 Relevance of ICT to administration of institutions 29

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction 31
3.2 Research Design 31
3.3 Population of Study 31
3.4 Sampling Procedure 32
3.5 Instrumentation 32
3.6 Data Collection 33
3.7 Data Analysis Techniques 33

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

4.1 Introduction 35
4.2 Research Questions/Hypotheses analysis and results 35
4.3 Discussion of results 38
4.4 Summary of findings 40

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Introduction 42
5.2 Implication of the study 42
5.3 Recommendation 43
5.4 Suggestions for further studies 43
5.5 Conclusion 44

References 45
Questionnaire (Appendix) 48

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 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is technology that supports activities

involving the creation, storage manipulation and communication of information, together with

the related methods, management and application.

In other words, ICT enables us to record, store, process, and retriever and transmit

information. It encompasses modern technology technologies such as computer,

telecommunication, facsimile and micro-electronics. Older technologies such as document

filling systems, mechanical accenting machines, printing and care drawings are also included

in the term information technology. Information and communication technology in today’s

world refers to those technologies that determine the efficiency and effectiveness with which

we communication and the devices that allow us to handle information.

Information and communication Technology (ICT) has becomes a key tool in acquiring,

processing and disengaging knowledge.

It has becomes an imperative tool for investing developing of a nation in the 21 st century the

revolutionary impact of ICT on all sphere of the society has not spared the educational sector.

Education is a pre- requisite of today knowledge-based economy the production and use of

new knowledge required a more educated population, ICT is playing a major role the

acquisition and diffusion of knowledge which are fundamental aspects of the education

process. It is offerings increasing possibilities absent teaching and for invocation in teaching

activities through being able to deliver learning cognitive activities any where at anytime.

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The availability of the internet has giving rise to an electronics approach to the educational

system called e-leering

Tertiary educational institutions have always being at the fore front of new scientific

discoveries and innovation brought about by the activities of teaching learning and research.

E-learning is becoming increase singly primmest in tertiary education, e-learning is being

delivered on the platforms of ICT infrastructure promise to widen access to education and at

reduced cost, Apart from electronics learning ICT infrastructure are being widely use to

support teaching, learning, administration and research activities in tertiary instillation, such

infrastructure include personal computers, specialized software, handheld devices, interactive

volute board, intranet and visual literary.

1.2 RATIONALE / THEORETICAL FRAME WORK

The internet is now widely used as a medium of communications arrange administration

researchers and student in higher institutions. There are many desirable attributes of

information communication of information and technology (ICT). Each of them concerns the

effective prevision of information to the recipient. These include purpose accuracy factorial,

volume of information volume of detail and presentation of information

The term Administration is regarded as the process of utilizing human and imperial resources

in accomplishing designating objectives; this could be done by organization, direction co-

coordinating and evaluating programmer in a bid to actives goals or objectives. In a such

social process, there is always a structure inerrably comprising the subordinates and super

ordinals

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As such, the primary function of management is to take decisions facture leaching to the

achievement of organizational objectives. The types of decisions management malies will

determine it information needs, however the numerous crises in they are higher instatement

could have been prevents if information and communication Technology will promote issues

on student admission student records and transcript examination records and transcript,

examination records, teaching, research and community services it has also been observed

that the monitoring and evaluation of staff, physical plant planning curriculum development,

financial management and information dissemination will increase the efficiency of the

polytechnic administration, if information and communication Technology facilities are

adequately and properly initialized.

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The basic problem of this study is to examine the relational between information (ICT) and

administration of polytechnics

i. ICT can be applied directly to provide solution to specific administration problems

ii. ICT enhances qualitative and quantitative decision-molding and information

management

iii. ICT encourages skill acquisition and competency of administrating

iv. ICT guarantees effective administrative practices in record keeping, information

management, personal administrant and resource allocation.

v. ICT here capacity to hurdle quality of date, process them, solve them, process them,

store them and release them when needed even at the fastest speed.

1.4 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

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The purpose of this study is to model a critical analysis of the impact of information and

communication technology (ICT) in the administration of polytechnic in Ogun State Nigeria

moreover ICT have substantial roles to play in network institutional administration of

polytechnics in Nigeria.

1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS / HYPOTHESES

This study will make use of these various research questions / hypotheses below:

i. Does ICT provide solution to specific problems of administration?

ii. Does ICT enhance qualitative and quantitative decision-making in the administration

of polytechnic

iii. Does ICT encourages shill acquisition and competency of administration

iv. Does ICT guarantees effective administration practices of human and in trial

resources?

v. Does ICT have capacity to handle quantity of date for processing with fastest speed?

H01. There is no significant relationship between information and communications

technology and solving administration problem.

H02. There is no significant relationship between information and communications and

quality of decision marking in the administrative of polytechnics.

H03. There is no significant relationship between information and communications

technology and administrative competence in polytechnics.

H04. There is no significant relationship between information and communications

technology and administration of human resources in polytechnics

H05. There is no significant relationship between information and communications

technology and speed in data management in polytechnics.

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1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is significant to the extent that findings would assists the federal and State ministry

of education, National Education Agencies and Foreign and International bodies in

implementing its educational policies and compliance with E-leering and E-administration of

polytechnics, moreover, this study is amide el-sealing sometimes to the implementation and

application of the impact of information and communications of polytechnics in Ogun State

Nigeria.

1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

This research is concluded within the frame wary of the state objectives it is not indented to

carry out a complete evaluation of the impact of application of information and

communication technology in the administration of polytechnics of Ogun State, Nigeria

Due to time and francium constraints, the researcher would do the questionnaire

administration on selected polytechnics in Ogun State, Nigeria.

1.8 SCOPE / DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study is restricted to the impact of application of Information and Communication

Technology in the administration of polytechnics in Ogun State Nigeria. However the scope

of this research work would be invited to an assessment of five selected polytechnics the

selected polytechnics and listed below:

i. Federal polytechnic Ilaro

ii. Moshood Abiola Polytechnic Ojere

iii. Allover Central Polytechnic Ota

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iv. Gateway (ICT) Polytechnic Itori

v. Gateway (ICT) polytechnic Saapade

1.9 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

ADMINISTRATION: is a social process concerned with identifying maintaining,

motivating, controlling and unifying formally organized human and material resources within

an integrate system designed specifically to activate predetermined objectives.

APPLICATION: is the usage of computer software designed to assist the users to perform

specific task related to records keeping and retrieval.

ELECTRONIC ACCOUNTING: Is conceded with the possibility of captioning transactions

on-line which is measured, recognized and reported electronically.

ELECTRONIC LEARNING: (E-learning) is an electronic delivery and administration of

learning opportunities and support via computer network and web-based technology.

ELECTRONIC PROCUREMENT: is a collective term for a range of different technologic

that can be used to annotate the internal and external process associated with the saucing and

ordering process of goods and service.

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY: This is refers to those

technologies that determine the efficiency and effectiveness with which we communicate and

the devices that allow us handle information.

POLYTECHNIC: This is an instruction concerned with the provision of technical

knowledge and vocational sculls necessary for the world of word to increase opportunity for

productive worth and sustainable livelihood.

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 CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Information and Communications Technology or information and communication technology,

usually abbreviated as (ICT), is often used as an extended synonym for information

technology (IT), but is usually a more general term that stresses the role of unified

communications and the integration of telecommunications such as telephone lines and

wireless signals, as well as necessary software, storage and audio-visual systems, which

enable users to create access, stone transmits and manipulate information. In other words, ICT

consists of IT as well as telecommunication, broadcast media all types of audio and video

processing and transmission and network based control and monitoring functions.

The term ICT was first used in 1997 in a report by Dennis Stevenson to the UK government

and promoted by the new National Curriculum documents for the UK in 2000.

2.2 BASIC CONCEPTS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS

TECHNOLOGY

Information and Communications Technology (ICT), is a composite term which embodies

three important concepts. To understand all the three concepts, Information means many

things to many people, depending on the context. Scientifically, information is processed data.

Information is processed data. Information can also be loosely defined as that which aids

decision making. Information through abstract, could also be visualized as a commodity,

which could be bought or sold. According to (de Walterville and Gilbert 2000) defines

information as any potentially useful fact, quantity or value that can be expressed uniquely

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with exactness. Information is whatever is capable of censing a human mind to change its

opinion about the current state of the real world.

Communication refers to the transfer or exchange of information from person to person or

from one place to another. When an action produces a reaction, whether positive or negative,

communication has taken place. Other writers in the field of communication studies have

defined communications as: a process, a transfer of information, ideas, thoughts and

messages. It involves a sender, a receiver, a cattle and a language that is understood by both

the sender and the receiver. A process involving the passing of messages through the use of

symbols which all parties in the communication encounter understand. It involves the

exchange of ideas facts opinions attitudes and beliefs between people. It is not a one-way

affair. There must be a sender to transmit the message and receiver to make appropriate

decisions on how the rest of the exchange should continue (James et al, 2004).

Technology refers to the use of scientific knowledge in invent tools that assist human beings

in their efforts to overcome environmental hazards and impediments to comfort. In this

regard, technology refers to the things like the computer, telephone, cell phone, GSM handset,

television, radio etc. the acquisition, analysis, manipulation, storage and distribution of

information, and the design and provision of equipment and software for these purposes (de

Watterville and Gilbert 2000). Thus, ICT and information technology (IT) are similar

concepts that can be used interchangeably. IT implies communications and therefore it

becomes obvious that the two terms are synonymous.

Internet, according to Hargiltai (1999) defines the internet technically and functionally as

follows: “the internet is a worldwide network of computers, but sociologically it is also

important to consider it as a network of people using computers that make vast amounts of
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information available. The use of internet has revolutionized access to information for the

business world, libraries, education and individuals. A few of the most popular include E-mail

(electronic mail), World Wide Web (WWW) FTP (File Transfer Protocol) use net and Telnet.

The internet and its technology continues to have a profound effect in promoting the sharing

of information especially in academic world, making possible rapid transactions among

business, and supporting global collaboration among individuals and organizations.

World Wide Web (WWW) can be described as a literary of resources available to computer

users through the global internets. It enables users to view a wide variety of information

including magazine, archives, public and college library resources and current world and

business news. WWW researchers are organized so that users can easily move from one

resource to another.

However, information and communication technology or information and communication

technologies are sometimes used with technologies in the plural. Originally, only information

and communications technology (with communications in the plural) was considered correct

since ICT refers to communications (in the sense of a method, technology or system of

sending and receiving information specifically telephone lines, computers and networks) not

communication. The act of sending or receiving information by speaking, writing, phoning,

emailing, etc. information and communications technology is professionally acclaimed terms

used in any research work.

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2.3 OVERVIEW OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS

TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION

Information and communications technology (ICT) are indispensable tools in the

administration of polytechnic education. Electronic management (e-management) facilitates

decision making in an organization.

(Hastim et al 2010) development of ICT in administration of schools as suggested by

international institute for communication and development (IICD) “needs to be strengthened

in order to manage and plan activities more effectively. Information is mostly in hardcopy

format and is not easily accessibly. Data about teachers’ salaries, students grade, the number

of pupils peer class and statistical information in general and scattered and are not readily

available” (IICD 2007).

School administrators need to be equipped with knowledge, competencies and should have a

deep understanding of educational and social dimension of ICT integration. Educational

understanding or dimension includes application of ICT in curricular, technical management

and financial aspects, while social dimension referred to understanding how ICT are applied

in day-to-day social interaction (Tinio 2003).

Studies on the application of ICT in the administration of education reveals major

achievements; a study on the use of e-learning software among future school heads in

educational management and leadership reveals that e-headship succeeded in promoting

teaching ad learning strategies to a higher degree (Moh’d et al, 2009). E-school management

system application has been perceived by it users (Rectors, administrative staff and lecturers)

to help create the report faster by saving the data into the digital contents and saving the time

to preparing the lecture note.

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ICT helps administrators to perform schools duties effectively, to increase and provide

information to the finger tips of administrator and build very conducive atmosphere for work.

2.4 APPLICATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS

TECHNOLOGY IN POLYTECHNIC FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION

The record of purchases, budget, grants administration, cash flow, audit and other financial

transactions carried proper documentation for reference purpose. These records were kept in

hardcopies before the introduction of ICT. Fortunately, the availability and accessibility of

ICT and their integration in financial sector makes it possible and easy for accountants and

financial administrators to process all transaction online via the system called an e-

accounting. Electronic accounting (e-accounting) as the name implies, makes it possible for

transactions to be captured, measures, recognized and reported electrically (Razae el at 2009).

E-procurement is another new paradigm taking lead into financial administration as a result of

development in information technology. E-procurement according to Bof and Prevatali

(2010) “is a collective term for a range of different technologies that can be sued to automate

the internal and external processes associated with the sourcing and ordering process of goods

and services”. They further states that “on-line purchases and payment for goods and services

in virtual market constitute crucial elements of e-procurement. Successful adoption leads to

potential benefits, which include the reduction of transaction costs, operational efficiencies

and a better foundation for decision making”. considering the specialized nature of

polytechnic systems, and its peculiarity in terms of requirement for different varieties of

training materials or consumables, e-procurement system can fit and beneficial in dealing with

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purchases and supply. While e-procurement has impact on cost reduction, efficiency /

productivity, effectiveness and transparency, its adaptation in polytechnic system is essential.

Development of ICT in polytechnic administration using tools such as e-accounting and e-

procurement will to a greater extent make significant impact on the growth and development

of the programme. “The benefits of e-procurement in public organizations will be the follow:

1. Accelerations of execution of procedures

2. Reducing the time of the purchasing process

3. Reducing the expenses of announcements management

4. Simplification of process, resulting from a re-engineering of such process

5. The direct and constant monitoring of public spending by conducting comparative

analysis between the purchasing of similar products in different administrations.

6. Professional growth of employees

7. The opportunity to spend time out of routinely administration tasks (automated by new

tools) through activities with higher adopted value to the functions specific purchases

(e.g. marketing intelligence)

8. A major transparency due to the uniformity of access to information without

discrimination since the tender documents are online, to the standardization of

procedures to ensure that processes can be more easily controlled toy external actors in

time and according to the quality of services provided in that each supplier will not be

discriminated against (for example information asymmetries)” (Bof and Previtali,

2010).

The above benefits are in line with UNESCO and ILO (2002) recommendations that

“administrators should keep up to date with new administrative techniques and friends,
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especially through relevant lifelong learning programmes. They should receive special

training in the methods and problems associated with the specific features of polytechnic

programmes such as flexible entry and re-entry patterns, continuous training in the workplace,

and relevance to the needs of the world of work. This preparation should include:

a. Management methods appreciated to educational administration, including techniques

that utilize information and communications technology

b. Financial planning methods that facilitate the allocation of available resources, given

the objectives and priorities of the various programmes and ensure their efficient

utilization.

c. Contemporary human resources management and development methods (UNESCO

and ILO 2002).

ADMINISTRATIVE USES OF ICT

USE OF ICT SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS

Accounting Budgeting, purchasing, grants administrations, cash flow,
account receivable, account payable, audits
Staff administrative services Human resources management assessing staffing needs,
recruiting staff, monitoring staff performance, keeping
records, communicating with staff.
Human resources development conducting needs
assessment, needs analyses and training needs analyses,
delivery and assessing employee training
Student administrative services Recruiting and selecting students, advising students,
supporting prior learning assessment and recognition,
registration, recording attendance and fee payment.
Support services Providing programme information calendar featuring
programme and course descriptions, pre-requisites and
other requirements, keeping records to comply with
freedom of access to information, maintaining web site,

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 giving access to administrative units, faculties and
departments, managing computer and e-mail accounts for
facilities and students.
Research and evaluation Conducting institutional research, programme evaluation
and student assessment of facultires, statistical analyses.
Source: chinien (2003)

2.5 APPLICABILITY OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS

TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN STUDENTS AND STAFF ADMINISTRATION

Students administrative services using information technology application packages are too

numerous to mention in this area of ICT dispensation. Its application into both applied and

physical science is evident in the wealth of literature on ICT. Information and

communications technology simplify the administrative support levels of their academic in

various levels of their academic pursuit. Students services like records, admission /

recruitment, class schedules, attendance, registration, time tabling and accessing result can be

realized via network of computers and other communication avenues called student portal

(Horn and Siew 2011).

The inventory management, personal records maintenance and library systems are areas that

are mostly affected in the field of technical and vocational education and training. This is

essence connected to the peculiar nature of the field and its desire to prepare worker with

certain competencies and employability seals. Facilities managements, tools and equipment

inventory and workshop schedules make it necessary for polytechnics to deploy and fully

integrate ICT in its day-to-day operations, students of polytechnics should be able to book for

tools and machineries needed to carry out certain experiments online or by using ICT.

Therefore, polytechnic institutions should have to embrace the use of technology in both staff

and students administrative services (Leung el-d, 2005). ICT tools such as e-tutor and e-
23
student system could provide significant atmosphere in the preparation of technical education

graduate to face the challenges for the world to work in the 21st century (Seng 2007).

Several ICT and computer aided administration application packages highly enriched with

current and emerging technologies are readily available and can be found to support students

activities in schools and colleges. Among these latest ICT tools, radio frequency identification

(RFID) system appeared to be one. According to Akpir and Kaptan (2010), “RFID is a term

that is used to describe a system that transmits the identity of an object or person in the form

of a unique serial numbers using radio waves. Apart from its numerous applications that aid

across human endeavour, RFID application in educational administration includes “automatic

person identification system (APIS), class / laboratory. literary attendance management, static

/ dynamic authorization, submission of workings / announcement and e-money usage.

The following are ways in which teachers use ICT to support their work:

A. Resources / material preparation

i. Lesson planning

ii. Report writing

iii. Curriculum planning

iv. As a lesson resources (e.g. website)

v. Time tabling

vi. School policy development

vii. Reprographics / photocopying

viii. Presentation of demonstrations

ix. Marking and assessment

x. Monitoring pupils progress

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 xi. Record keeping (e.g. data base entry)

xii. Special educational weeds coordination

xiii. Development planning

xiv. Exam entries and results

xv. Records of achievement

xvi. Extra curriculum activities

B. Registration

i. Staff appraisal / supervision or monitoring

ii. Monitoring attendance

iii. On-line communities

iv. Financial records

v. Continuing professionals development / training

vi. Budgeting

vii. Partnership links (contact outside the school)

viii. Pupil contact (for example, council / internet)

ix. Staff contact (for example arranging though email / internet)

x. On-line purchasing of services and / or goods

C. Parent / Career Contact (for examples, e-mail)

Source: Selwood (2005).

ICT network enables students to have access to course materials and support services

anywhere anytime. Wonacolt (2002) states that “Distances students must rely on secure,

easily accessible ICT for clear, detailed information about enrolment, modules, courses,

requirements, assessments, expectations and sources of help; the opportunity to enroll, pay

25
fees and complete all administrative procedures, regular contact and timely response and

feedback from instructions, a variety of methods communicate with teacher (e-mail, online

chat bulletin boards), enrolment information linked to application forms, and online

assessments (Wonacott, 2002).

Staff administrative support service is achievable through effective ICT integration. Due to

the distinct nature of polytechnic system, administration support requires ICT tools embedded

in them special features meant to take care of the management of training facilities, tools and

equipments both in hard and soft copies.

Horn and Siew (2011) note that ICT tools such as Facility Management System (FMS), File

Booking System (FBS), Building Control Management System (BCMS) and Resources

Tracking and Management System (RTMS) could help both staff and students to use

university or polytechnic facilities conveniently.

2.6 ADMINISTRATION AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ADMINISTRATION

The administration of an institution of higher education has the responsibility for bringing

together its various resources and allocation them effectively to accomplish goals. (Blunt and

Collins 1994) referred to institutional administration as all those activities carried out to

provide for both the long-range viability of the institutional administration is to promote

efficiency and provide for the institutions organization efficiency and continuity.

However, administration consists of those activities that are related to the general

administrative operations and services of an institution. These activities include: the

administrative of personnel programme, fac8ilities and space managements, purchase and

26
maintenance of supplies and materials, communication and transportation services, health and

safety.

The basic principles that are essential for the realization and administration of found

institution are identified and discussed below.

A. Principles Of Single Executives: The effectiveness of an organization is enhanced by

having executive head. The executive has to provide central coordination for all

activities of an institution. It is not uncommon to have several teachers in an

organization but one of them would serve as the coordinating head of the institution.

This is because, it would be impossible to achieve the goals of an institution where

central leadership is divided. This principle enhances responsibility and accountability.

In a school for instance, there were different department and faculty heads is well as

sectional / want heads but one central administration (Rector – in case of a

polytechnic). Thus, the organization of every institution reflects the structure and line

of interaction.

B. Principle of Unity of Purpose: The effectiveness of an institution is enhanced by

clear definition of goals and purpose. It is obvious that unless goals are clearly defined

in a complex institution like school system, there is a likelihood of conflict among

members of groups within the system.

C. Unity of Command: This principle emphases that order and instructions to a staff in

any institution should come from only one-superior officer so as to afford organization

efficiency. Organization efficiency is pronounced when members know what are

expected of the and to whom they are responsible. Thus, this principle averts conflict

and confusion, which often lead to poor performance.

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D. Division of Labour: Since it is not possible for a head of an institution to perform all

tasks and functions alone, there is need, therefore, to divide or break the work down

into number of task, such that other are charged with the responsibilities of carrying

out those tasks. This principles leads to specialization and engineers high efficiency

and productivity.

E. Span of Control: This is otherwise known as span of administration, management or

supervision. Institutional administrator can only be effective and efficient in the centre

of achieving goals and objectives of the institution when he has order him the required

number of staff that can be directed or supervised. Span of control must not be too

large and / or too small. It is determined by a number of interacting factors such as:

i. Administrator’s ability and competency

ii. Nature of the job

iii. Experience of the administrator

iv. Qualification

v. Physical / technicality of the organization

vi. Stability of operation

F. Delegation of Authority and Responsibility: This principle demands that all

responsibilities must be accompanied with commensurate authority. The effectiveness

of the institution is enhanced when the administrator delegates works to his / her

subordinates and with appropriate authority to carry them out successfully. This

principle equally strengthens confidence of the subordinates as well as preparing them

for administrative functions.

G. Standardization: This is the development of a uniform standardized procedure for

routines administrative operation and measuring the performance of an individuals

28
 against the standards so as to determine the level o efficiency and effectiveness.

Standardization serves labour and the procedure is essential for data collection and the

establishment of management information systems.

H. Stability: The vacate behind this principle is that an institution should continue with

policies and programmes until the results or outcomes can be evaluated. It emphasizes

that constant changes of policies that are not based on sound institutional principles

would render the organization in effective and committed resources became wasted.

I. Flexibility: This principle makes provision for innovative ideas and changes. The

need for flexibility of administrative and organization increase in the period of rapid

change and development. School policies, programmes and procedures must be broad

in order to allow innovations and accommodation necessary change when the need

arises.

J. Security of Tenure: Institutional effectiveness is guaranteed when there is provision

for security of staff. Although individual needs vary the need for security is universal.

The need has to be met regardless of the nature organization.

K. Defined Structure: The principle maintains that a defined and definite structure

should be establishment such that a clear system of selecting members and leaders

would be known. There is also the need to state and define in unequivocal term, the

functions of each staff.

L. Proper Setting: Proper setting and conduciveness of and institution determine to a

greater extent the efficiency and effectiveness of such institution and the promotion of

individual professional development.

M. Personal Policies: As a complement to the processing principle of proper setting,

good personnel policies evolve from good personal administration. Good and effective

29
 polices and programmes relating to staff welfare should be incorporated to allow job

satisfaction for the members of staff and increased productivity.

N. Evaluation: This allows the review of performance and the juxta position of both plan

and implementation to know what have been achieved and what has not been

achieved. Evaluation should be a constant system to enable the institution achieves its

objectives and goals.

However, the order institutions and their structures had demanded a versatile principle

applicable for the survival of the organization and individual employee as well, since

everything seems dynamic society, people as well as organization, in this vein, the general

administration principles would rather be effective for the attainment of the corporate and

individual goals within a system.

Thus, the general administrative principles are classified into five which include:

A. The fundamental principles, which are:

i. Responsibility

ii. Delegation of authority

iii. communication

B. The Humanitarian principle which are

i. democracy

ii. justice

iii. human relation

C. The prudential principles, which are

i. Economy

ii. Responsibility and authority

30
 iii. Loyalty

D. The principle of change, which are

i. Adaptability

ii. Flexibility

E. Bureaucratic principles, which are

i. Discussion of work

ii. Hierarchy

iii. Impersonality in official matters

iv. Record keeping

2.7 LEADERSHIP ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL ADMINISTRATOR

Institutional administrator as a leader has sound fundamental role to play both ethnic and

outside the organization. Some of these roles are structured, programmes or routine-based,

while some are tout based on his value judgment and intuition. Apart from managing all the

resources (human, material and finance) at his disposal, administration also guides and

coordinates all efforts of staff towards achieving the present goals and objectives.

In the modern time, the leadership role of administrator is classified under the following:

A. Administration / Management Roles includes:

i. Planning staff activities

ii. Organizing activities and time table

iii. Management and maintenance of physical structure equipment and other

facilities

iv. Maintenance of proper order and discipline among staff

v. Management and control of institutional finance and eltor business

31
 vi. Assisting the staff of developing themselves

vii. Defining the tasks to be carried out

viii. Maintenance of good working conditions for staff and establishment of high

word among them;

ix. Keeping all statutory records of the establishment and

x. Socialization or / and orientation of new staff

B. Academic Roles of Administrator include:

i. Planning and development of curriculum in relation to the aims and objectives

of the system

ii. Discussing emerging issues, theories and changes brought about by new

development in the system

iii. Supervising the instructional activities of the staff;

iv. He encourages staff development, conferences and ettor staff training

programmes; and

v. Establishing method of evaluating, examining and reporting staff progress.

C. Community / Public-Based Roles include:

i. Ascertaining the composition and the character of the institution – community

ii. Supplying of necessary information to the public absent the institution; and

gathering useful information from the community;

iii. Participating in community development projects; and

iv. Inching known and interpreting institutions government policies and

programmes to the people.

All these roles are necessary for an administrator to achieve the goals of the institution and the

level of discharge of these roles determines the effectiveness of the administrators as leaders.
32
2.8 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF POLYTECHNIC EDUCATION IN

NIGERIA

On attaining independence in 1960, the Nigeria government accepted the recommendation of

Ashby Commission to expand technical and vocational education ameliorate acute shortage to

technical man power. The polytechnic education through students’ industrial works and

improves on the immediate and log term prospects of polytechnic graduates (Oloyo 2008).

Furthermore, it is important to write that the purpose of polytechnic education as contained in

Decree No. 16 of 1985 includes, among others, the provision of technical knowledge and

vocational skills necessary for agricultural, industrial, commercial and economic

development; provision of qualified and well-equipped personnel for the improvement and

solution of environmental problems for the use and convenience of man, provision of training

to import the necessary skills leading to the production of craftsmen, technicians,

technologists and engineers and other skills personnel who would be enterprising and self-

reliant, and to enable men and women to have intellectual understanding of the increasing

complexity of technology plays in the world as restated by Oloyo (2008). Polytechnic

education, therefore, is expected, according to the national policy on education (Federal

Republic of Nigeria 1998) to be the main vehicle for technical education in Nigeria at the

tertiary level of education.

The Organizational Structure of Polytechnic

The structure of my institution is like the architectural plan of a building (Newman 1972).

Structure can be described as a designed frame work or arrangement of things, it implies the

framework within which people act. Edger and James (1977) described institutional designs
33
and structure as a powerful way to change and influence people behavior. There are two

major kinds of administrative structure common to all institutions. According to (Obilede

1989) these structures are Flat and Tall structures. It is noteworthy that the type of span of

control adopted will influence the shape of the organizational structure.

The organizational structure of the polytechnic indicates that there are four academic schools

and nine service units that make up the components of the institution. Headship of all the

components report direct to the Rector, the chief Executive of the institution. The service

units are the Registry (the central hub of the administration), the literary. The Bursary, the

works of services, medical centre, the physical and academic planning unit, the Directorate of

Students Affairs, Poly Consult & industrial services, the internal audit. The academic school

form where the academic programme are mounted are the schools of Applied Engineered,

Environment and Management Studies. Headed by a Dean, each school consists of not less

than four departments. For the purposes of control and coordination, the departments. For the

purposes of central and coordination, the departments link with the central administration

through respective Deans.

Furthermore, polytechnic institute is managed by committee system as provided in the Federal

Polytechnic Act (1990) or Decree 33 (179). The principal officers in Polytechnic include:

1. Rector

2. Deputy rector (administration)

3. Deputy rector (academics)

4. Registrar

5. Librarian

6. Bursar

34
2.9 APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS TO INSTITUTIONAL ADMINISTRATION

IN NIGERIA

Administration our charged with the responsibilities of planning, organizing, decision-

making, supervision, monitoring, record / information management, resources allocation,

policy formulation, controlling, coordinating and directing, to mention a few. These functions

seem to be interwoven, complex and mending, yet they must be performed for the institution

to progress. Effective administration practice would require the use of ICT, in the context of

the emerging information society.

An administrator’s user of micro computer would be examined under their broad categories.

These are data analysis, word processing and communication.

i. Data Management: Administrators are custodians of data or records of activities,

finance events, resources (human and non-human) staff records, students data, and so

on. This statistical information about the institutions is required by administrations for

decision-making and planning purposes. Proper handling and prompt access to these

records are necessary for achieving the school goals. Without compromise or bias, a

computer is viable and versatile enough to handle all these records with an advantage

of prompt access, correction, and easy manipulation. There is also potentials and

relative, secrecy of information.

ii. Data Analysis: Analysis and manipulation of data become virtually daily

administrative practices. This is contingent upon the changing trend of information as

a result of finding of research. An epic of data and information is required by

administrative so as to be effective. ICT have offered all its takes to get these done

with appreciable ease and convenience.

35
iii. World Processing: Computer offers immensurable cost relief services to

administrators in the aspect of word processing. Word processing programmes enable

administrators to compose, address, edit and produce written copy in a wide variety of

formats. These written reports form a versatile tool for written communication.

iv. Data and Information Communication: In either simple or complex institutions,

departments or sections can be indeed or connected together through computer

networking system. This arrangement enhances quick and continuous interactions and

monitoring of activities in all units within the system. For instance, messages can be

sent and receives through e-mail, modern ICT enables administrators to receive or

send information via telephone lines to and fro another computer anywhere in the

world. In recent times, internet has made access to information and research activities

possible for administrators.

v. ICT and Decision Making: Decision-making is the dynamic element that activate

and sustains administrative process (Harrison 1987). It relies on information absent the

alternative choices. The quality of information in any decision, situation determines

the quality of decision. ICT enhance decision making process by providing quality or

situation. The decision making process includes:

 Problem identification

 Developing alternative

 Choosing the best alternative

 Implementing the decision

 Control and evaluation of decision outcome

 All these are better

All these are better influences by information technology

36
2.10 RELEVANCE OF ICT TO ADMINISTRATION OF INSTITUTIONS

Scholars have propounded varies theories of administration and management but according to

High (1978) there exist at least four boundary conditions which help to define the domain of

applicability.

They are as follows:

1. That administration theory can not be directly applied to provide solution to specific

managerial problems.

2. That administrative theory is value-free and cannot be used to validate ‘ought’

statements

3. There are differences in outlook and the practitioner which effectively invites

communication and interaction

4. General theory has to be adapted to the special characteristics of educational

administration.

With these shortcomings, ICT application in an institutional administration offers a better

alternative. The relevance inherent in the use of ICT in institutional administration includes:

i. ICT can be applied directly to provide solution to specific administrative problems.

ii. Through its analytical quality, computer can be used on data that are available.

iii. Since computer operations are subject to computer users interest and manipulation, the

problem of different outlook between the system and the user is removed, computer

user can make use of any package that is suitable for the problem at hands.

iv. ICT have capacity to handle large quality of data, process them, store them and release

them when needed even at the fastest speeds.

37
v. ICT enhance qualities and qualitative decision-making and information managements.

vi. In encourages skill acquisition and competency of administrators and

vii. The use of ICT guarantee effective administrative practices in record keeping,

information management, personnel administration and resources allocation. It also

saves time and prevents unnecessary wastages in administration.

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter outlines the content of the methodology used in the course of collecting data as

well as other related issues. It contains data collections, method adopted and characteristics of

population of study, sampling and data analysis.

Thus, the chapter will concentrate on the methodology of tools used, justification of the

method used and the method of analyzing the data.

3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

The study used the survey research design. The survey design was used in the study because it

was considered appropriate for collecting data from a given population with an intention to

determine the opinion, attitudes and perception of personnel considering the variables under

study.

3.3 POPULATION OF STUDY

The population consists of all Polytechnics in Ogun State Nigeria. The Polytechnics are:
38
1. Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State.

2. Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Ojere, Ogun State.

3. All Over Central Polytechnic, Ota, Ogun State.

4. Grace Polytechnic, Omu-Ijebu, Ogun State.

5. Marvic Polytechnic Odeda, Ogun State.

6. The Polytechnic Ijebu-Igbo, Ogun State.

7. Gateway (ICT) Polytechnic Saapade, Ogun State.

8. Gateway (ICT) Polytechnic, Igbesa, Ogun State.

9. Gateway (ICT) Polytechnic, Itori, Ogun State.

10. Ogun State. Institute of Technology, Igbesa

3.4 SAMPLING PROCEDURE

The random sampling technique was used in selecting five polytechnics in Ogun State,

Nigeria. Each of the polytechnics was selected based on their ownership and control. The

polytechnic were:

1. Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro

2. Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Ojere

3. All over Central Polytechnic, Ota

4. Gateway (ICT) Polytechnic, Saapade

5. Gateway (ICT) Polytechnic, Itori

The study involved different categories of senior academic/administrative officers (Rector,

Registrar, Dean of Schools, H.O.D’s, Administrative Officers and Lecturer) from each of the

selected polytechnic

39
3.5 INSTRUMENTATION

A structured questionnaire titled the impact of application of information and communication

technology in the administration of polytechnic (IAICTA) was used to gather information

from the subjects. The instruments consist of two sections A and B. Section A sought data on

the demographic characteristics of the respondents as regard their sec, marital status, name of

institution, academic qualification and work experience. Section B requested data on factors

that determine the impact of application of information and communications technology in the

administration of polytechnic. Twenty structured items rated on 4 point. Likert attitudinal

rating scale of strong agreed (SA) agreed (A) strong disagreed (SD) and disagreed (D) was

used

Thus:

Strong Agree

Agree

Strong Disagree

Disagree

The respondents were required to tide each item in the appropriate column that mostly

represents their opinion based on their degree of agreement or disagreement with the

statement.

3.6 DATA COLLECTION

The questionnaire was administered personally by the researcher to the personnel

(administration). Before the administration of the questionnaire, the objectives of the research

work were clearly explained to the subject. The polytechnics were systematically classified

for easy access of administration and collection. A total of 63 copies of the questionnaire

40
were administered in the frame selected polytechnics. The respondents were given five days

to complete the questionnaire after which they were collected.

3.7 DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES

The research questions were assumed using percentages after construction of contingency

table for the items with regard to the research questions. The hypotheses were all tested at

0.05 level of significance using the mean statistic. The mean was used to answer the research

questions.

The formula used is shown below:

fx
X̄ =∑
f
where X̄ = mean score
f = frequency of response
x = the numeric value
 = summation
Decision rule

The mean value of 5.0 was used as the decision rule, the mean value of 5.0 and above was

accepted and those with mean below were rejected.

The mean value was arrived at 5.0 by adding the score and dividing then by number of

occurrences.

For examples

8+6+ 4+2 20
4 = 4 = 5.0

41
 CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

4.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the results of data collected from respondents, with different tables

showing the responses of the respondents and their responses.

4.2 RESEARCH QUESTIONS / HYPOTHESES ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

Hypotheses I: There is a significant relationship between information and communications

technology and solving of administrative problems

Table 1: Relationship between ICT and administrative problem solving

x 4 3 2 1
f 146 81 0 3 240
fx 584 243 0 240 840
X̄ 3.5

The above table revealed that the calculated X̄ value of 3.5 is less than the table value of

5.0, therefore, the null hypothesis that there is no significant between information and

communications technology and solving of administrative problems is rejected. This implies

that there is significant relationship between ICT and solving of administration problems.

Hypothesis II: There is no significant relationship between information and communications

technology and quality of decision-making in the administration of polytechnics.

42
Table 2: Relationship between ICT and quality of decision making in the administration of

polytechnics

x 4 3 2 1
f 114 122 0 4 240
fx 456 366 0 4 826
X̄ 3.4

The above table revealed that the calculated X̄ value of 3.4 is less than the table value of

5.0, therefore, the null hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between information

and communications technology and solving of administrative problems is rejected. As a

result of this, there is a significant relationship between information and communications

technology and quality of decision-making in the administration of polytechnics.

Hypothesis III: There is no significant relationship between information and communications

technology and administrative competence in polytechnics.

Table 3: Relationship between ICT and administrative competence in polytechnics

x 4 3 2 1
f 104 115 0 21 240
fx 416 345 0 21 782
X̄ 3.26

Since the calculated X̄ value of 3.26 is less than the decision rule value of 5.0, therefore,

the null hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between information and

communications technology and administrative competence of polytechnics is rejected. Thus,

there is no significant relationship between information and communications technology and

administrative competence in polytechnics.

Hypothesis IV: There is no significant relationship between information and communications

technology and administration of human resources in polytechnics.

43
Table 4: Relationship between ICT and administration of human resources in polytechnics

x 4 3 2 1
f 116 81 7 36 240
fx 464 243 14 36 757
X̄ 3.2

The above table revealed that the calculated X̄ value of 3.2 is less than the decision rule

value of 5.0. The null hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between information

and communications technology and administration of human resources in polytechnics is

therefore rejected. This indicates that there is significant relationship between ICT and

administration of human resources in polytechnics.

Hypothesis V: There is no significant relationship between information and communications

technology and speed in data management in polytechnics.

Table 5: Relationship between ICT and speed in data management in polytechnics

x 4 3 2 1
f 126 113 0 1 240
fx 504 339 0 1 844
X̄ 3.52
The above table shows that the calculated X̄ value of 3.52 is less than 5.0 value of the

decision rule. The null hypothesis that there is no significant between information and

communications technology and speed in data management in polytechnics is therefore

rejected. Thus, there is a significant relationship between ICT and speed in data management

in polytechnics.

4.3 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

44
This section aims at discussing the result of the findings of the research with one view of

giving meaningful interpretation to them. Consequently, each hypothesis is discussed in

relation to the data presented with a view of accepting or rejecting such hypothesis.

Hypothesis One

This finding indicates that information and communications technology could be more

relevant in providing solutions to administrative problems. This is probably because with the

application of ICT, clearer perception of problems could be seen with a view to providing

better and more permanent solutions to the problem. It could also make problem solving

faster than using the traditional means of problem solving. My finding supports Adeyemi

(2011) who says that possible solution could be proffered in enhancing the use of information

and communications technology (ICT) in the effective management of universities.

Polytechnics administrators are therefore advised to adopt ICT in problem-solving.

Hypothesis Two

The finding revealed that information and communications technology enhances quality of

decision making in the administration of polytechnics. Quality of decision could be achieved

through priority of attention to the pressing project of polytechnics be it building of additional

lecture hall, procurement of staff, vehicles and building of ICT laboratory.

Information and communications technology justifies quality of decision making in all facets

of polytechnics administration. As a result of this, polytechnics administrators are endowed

with skills of prompt attention to desirable projects of all kinds.

There are many desirable attributes of information and communications technology (ICT)

which are concern with the effective provision of information to recipient, relevance for

45
intended purpose, accuracy, factual, volume of information, volume of detail and presentation

of information (Adegun, 2002). The quality of decision making in polytechnic in related to

ICT can stand the test of time.

Hypothesis Three

This finding indicates that ICT could be relevant in administrative competence of personnel in

polytechnics. It was found out that using ICT will promote issues on students’ admission,

students’ records and transcript, examination records, teaching, research and community

services (Abe and Adu, 2007). The relationship between ICT and administrative competence

was supported to enhance capacity building.

Polytechnic administrators are therefore advised to put up more programmes to facilitate

competence administrative skills.

Hypothesis Four

This finding shows that information and communications technology could be used to exploit

administrative of human resources in polytechnics. Adeyemi (2007) supports the utilizing

human and material resources in accomplishing designated objectives. Information and

communications technology could be used to organize, direct, coordinate and evaluate

programmes in a bid to achieve goals or objectives of administration of polytechnics. ICT

justifies better human relations for effective management of human resources, material

resources and financial resources. It makes personnel to contribute greater achievement of

goals within the system.

Hypothesis Five

46
The finding indicates that information and communications technology (ICT) could justify

more speed in data management of polytechnics. ICT helps administrators perform school

duties effectively. Zain et al. (2004) also affirm that ICT increases and provides information

to the finger tips of administrators. Information and communications technology could

facilitate speed in data management by creating rapport faster by saving the data into digital

content; and saving the time to preparing the lecture notes.

Information and communications technology should be ubiquitous in educational

administrative offices and mainly helps administrators get a better idea of the size of the

educational system, students dropout and repetition, and the number of students per teacher

(Canoy, 2004).

4.4 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

This study is the impact of application of information and communications technology (ICT)

in the administration of polytechnics in Ogun State Nigeria.

The findings of this study include the following:

1. There is significant between information and communications technology and solving

of administrative problems.

2. There is significant relationship between information and communications and quality

of decisions making in the administrative of polytechnics

3. There is significant relationship between information and communications technology

and administrative competence in polytechnics.

4. There is significant relationship between information and communication technology

and administrative of human resources in polytechnics.

47
5. There is significant relationship between information and communications technology

and speed in data management in polytechnics.

48
 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter summarizes the implications of the study, recommendation and suggestion for

further studies.

5.2 IMPLICATION OF THE STUDY

The implications of this study include the following:

1. Since this study found positive relationship therefore,

polytechnics administrators should have clear knowledge of the concept of ICT, then

take greater delight in it and make it more functional in their respective institutions.

2. Another interesting aspect of my finding is that positive

relationship was found between ICT and decision-making. The administrative

implication of this is that, it therefore, becomes mandatory on polytechnic

administrators to adopt ICT in decision-making to enable their decision to be reliable

and valid.

3. It was also revealed that there was positive relationship between

ICT and administrative competence in polytechnics. Polytechnic administrators

should be well informed about capacity building of human resources at their disposal.

4. The study found that staff administrative support service is

achievable through effective ICT integration and resource tracking and management

system.

49
5. This study found the significant relationship between ICT and

speed in data management in polytechnics. Polytechnic administrators are hereby

advised to implore strong and viable data system management.

5.3 RECOMMENDATION

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations were given as follows:

1. The proprietors of polytechnics (Federal Government, State

Government and Private individuals) should as a matter of urgency put more ICT

facilities and equipments in providing solutions to specific problems of administration.

2. The ownership of polytechnic should recognize the impact and

applicability of ICT to enhance qualitative and quantitative decision-making in the

successful administration of polytechnics.

3. National Board for Technical Education should make the

compliance of ICT facilities more relevant to encourage skill acquisition and

competence of administrators.

4. Polytechnics administrators should show more interest in the use

of ICT tools to guarantee effective administration of human and material resources

within their system.

5. Polytechnic administrators should build more confidence in ICT

tools in having capacity to handle and process data within a fastest desired speed.

5.4 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES

50
1. This study was carried out in Ogun State Polytechnics. I am theefore, recommending

that a similar instrument be used in some other states such as Oyo, Ondo, Osun and

Ekiti States.

2. A similar study can also be carried out in Federal Polytechnics using a similar

instrument.

3. The instrument used for this study could be adopted, or adapted for study in the

northern states of Nigeria to confirm similarities in findings.

5.5 CONCLUSION

Considering the findings of the study, it was concluded that information and commutations

technology have significant impact in the administration of polytechnic in Ogun, State

Nigeria. The impact were found to be relevant to senior academic & administration officers of

polytechnics in ICT providing solutions to specific problems of administration, ICT enhance

qualitative and quantitative. Decision-making in the administration of polytechnic, ICT

encourages kill acquisition and competency of administrators, ICT guarantees effective

administrative practices of human and material resources, ICT has capacity to handle quality

of data for processing with fastest speed.

For greater reference, ICT therefore should be fully integrated into capacity building of both

academic and administrative staff of all polytechnics.

51
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London & New York: Pinter Publishers, 70-72, 159-162.

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16.

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on an Asian education study visit to the institutes of technical education

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 QUESTIONNAIRE

Victoria Open University of Nigeria,

Victoria Island,
Lagos.
Abeokuta Study Centre,
Ogun State.

Dear Respondents,

REQUEST FOR COMPLETION OF PROJECT QUESTIONNAIRE

I am a post graduate students of the above named institution.

I am undertaking a research on the impact of application and communication

technology in the administration of polytechnics in Ogun State, Nigeria.

It is on this note that I request you to answer the attached questionnaire. This exercise

is solely for academic purpose. I therefore guarantee that the information supplied will be

treated confidentially and used only for this study.

Thanks for your co-operation

Yours faithfully,

Bayo Soneye.

55
 QUESTIONNAIRE ON THE IMPACT OF APPLICATION AND
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF
POLYTECHNICS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

SECTION A

Please tide () where appropriate.

1. Name of Polytechnic:_______________________________________________

2. Sex: Male

Female

3. Position: Rector

Dean of school

H.O.D.

School officer

Lecturer

4. Qualification: Ph.D

M.sc

H.N.D

Others

5. Years of experience: 31 – above

21 – 30

11 – 20

1 – 10

SECTION B

The instrument below is a Likert rating scale questionnaire. It is designed in a four points

rating scale, viz:

SA = Strongly Agree = 4
56
A = Agree = 3

D = Disagree = 2

SD = Strongly Disagree = 1

Please tick as you deem appropriate in the column below

S/ STATEMENT SA A SD D
N
1. ICT providing solution to specific administration problems
2. ICT is relevant for facilitating information gathering
3. ICT is relevant for enhancing authentic information
gathering
4. ICT is relevant for reducing boredom
5. Enhancing decision making in the administration
polytechnic
6. Facilitation information dissemination
7. Improving skill acquisition
8. Preventing effectiveness in administration
9. Enhancing better record keeping
10. Facilitating competency in discharge of functions
11. Preventing financial dishonesty
12. Facilitating employment for students
13. Making graduate relevant in the world of technology
14. Preventing capacity building
15. Reducing man-hour in the discharge of duties
16. Enhancing monitoring of educational facilities
17. Facilitating adequate data storage of academic records
18. Enhancing data processing
19. Providing storing for your polytechnic data base
20. Proving self employment

57