UNFPA Moldova CP 2007-2012 Evaluation

UNFPA – MOLDOVA
Outcome Evaluation of the UNFPA

Moldova extended Country Programme
(2007-2011/12)
FINAL REPORT
Submitted by Thomas Otter and

Daniela Terzi-Barbarosie
Independent Evaluators
October9, 2011
Acronyms
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
ASRH Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
AWP Annual Work Plan
BCC Behavioural Change Communication
CCA Common Country Assessment
CO Country Office
COAR Country Office Annual Report
CP Country Programme
CPAP Country Programme Action Plan
CPD Country Programme Document
CT Country Team
DHS Demography and Health Survey
EGPRSP Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
EU European Union
GBV Gender Based Violence
GE Gender Equality
GFATM Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
GoM Government of Moldova
HD Human Development
HDI Human Development Index
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HBS Household Budget Survey
HRBA Human Rights Based Approach
ICPD International Conference on Population and Development
ILO International Labour Organization
IMR Infant Mortality Rate
IOM International Organization for Migration
LMIS Logistics and Management Information System
MCH Mother and Child Health
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
MoE Ministry of Education
MoH Ministry of Health
MYFF Multi-Year Funding Framework
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
NSB National Statistics Bureau
P&D Population and Development
RH Reproductive Health
RHCS Reproductive Health Commodity Security
SRH Sexual and Reproductive Health
STIs Sexually Transmitted Infections
UN United Nations
UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework
UNDG United Nations Development Group
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNFPA United Nations Population Fund
UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNICEF United Nations Children Fund
WHO World Health Organization
YFHS Youth Friendly Health Services
UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 2

Outcome Evaluation
Outcome Evaluation
Content
Executive Summary 5
1. Introduction 9
2. UNFPA Programme Background 10
3. Development Context 15
4. Methodology and Limitations of the Evaluation 20
5. Purpose, scope, objectives and key questions of the evaluation 22
5.1 Purpose 22
5.2 Scope 22
5.3 Objectives and key evaluation questions 23
5.3.1 KeyEvaluation Criteria and Specific Evaluation Questions 23
6. Findings 26
6.1 Status of the Outcome 26
6.1.1 Reproductive Health 26
6.1.2 Population and Development 28
6.1.3 Gender 29
6.2 Relevance 30
6.3 Effectiveness and Efficiency 34
6.3.1 Effectiveness 34
6.3.2 Efficiency 46
6.4 Impact / Degree of Change 48
6.5 Sustainability 56
7. Conclusions 57
8. Recommendations 58
9. Lessons learned and good practices 63
Annex
A.1 Meeting list 65
A.2 Stakeholder consultation and participation list 69
A.3 Interview questionnaires 71
A.4 Revised documents 73
A.5 Terms of Reference 75
List of Tables
Table 1: UNFPA Country Programme results chain and available resources by
programme component 12
Table 2: Achievement of output targets 35
Table 3: Views on sex education for young people 50
Table 4: Types of domestic violence throughout their lifetime and during the last 12 months 55
Table 5: Governance indicators Moldova 56

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List of Boxes
Box 1: Examples of UNFA CP’s alignment with GoM Activity Programme 2010-2014 31
Box 2: Case Study - Youth Friendly Health Centres (YFHC) 39
Box 3: CSO work on Gender 43
Box 4: Concepts for effectiveness strategies 44
Box 5: Protection and Empowerment of Victims of Human Trafficking
and Domestic Violence 53
List of Figures
Figure 1: Resource Gap in the UNFPA extended Country Programme for 2007-2012 48
Figure 2: Trends in HIV incidence among pregnant women screened for HIV 50
Figure 3: Perceptions about rights and roles of women and men in the society and family 53

Outcome Evaluation
Executive Summary
Having supported Moldova’s development since 1996 on project basis, anintegrated country programme
cycle was put together for the first time for the period 2007-2011.The country programme focused on
three pillars:i) reproductive health, ii) population and development and iii) gender. Thisis the background
against which outcomes of the implementation of this first Country Programme (CP) have to be evaluated
on a mandatory basis. The purposeof theexercise is to carry outan end ofprogrammecycleevaluation
toassessthe achievementsof
theCountryProgramme’sdevelopmentinterventions,thefactorsthatfacilitated/hindered
achievements,andtocompilelessonslearned toinform thedevelopmentofthenextcountry programme cycle
(2012-2016).
Under the reproductive health component UNFPA supported mainly medical staff training, commodity
security and monitoring and reproductive health education for youth. The population and development
component supported the generation of indicators, statistics and research on demographics, the creation of
an institutional framework for the definition of demographic policies and their formulation. Activities
under the gender component focused on the victims of domestic violence.
The evaluation’s methodology follows the traditional approach of desk review, followed by a data
collection mission with stakeholder and UNFPA staff interviews, site visits, document review and
triangulation of all different sources.
The evaluation reveals that significant progress has been made on all CP Outputs. All of these can be
considered as successfully achieved, although not always through the expected channels, delivery
mechanisms and types of intervention, asillustratedin the case of education for reproductive health.
The CP’s strategies were highly relevant regarding the country’s priorities and have been able to produce
results, which go far beyond what can be expected from UNFPA interventions, whose areas of expertise
are related to RH, P&D and Gender. For instance, in Moldova, UNFPA interventions have been able to
produce facts on the ground, which fit precisely into Moldova’s political strategy of confidence building
measures for a possible future Transnistrian reintegration. UNFPA Moldova has been able to select
adequate intervention strategies and adjust them to the circumstances. Through a systematic effort in
furthering and delivering through joint programming and coordinated interventions with other UN
agencies, UNFPA has managed to be more resourceful, attaining results they would not have been able to
achieve alone, creating synergies with other UN’s and other partners’ activities and thus becoming
aninvaluable actor within the UN reform process.
The evaluation brought evidence to show that the UNFPA CP implementation was highly effective. Three
out of five quantitative targets have been fully achieved while one (LSBE) continues to record
concreteand substantial progress and one (i.e. the commodity security) has yet to be fully achieved. This
however is not the result of a lack of capacity or commitment on the part of UNFPA but ratherthe result

Outcome Evaluation
ofcircumstances entirely beyond the grasp of UNFPA, which made the objective of ensuring national
commodity security difficult to achieve.
Despite the many structural and administrative constraints that could have significantly affected internal
efficiency and restricted the margins of operations of the UNFPA CO team, the implementation of
activities has been efficient from all perspectives. This suggests that addressing the structural and
administrative weaknesses would enable the CO to better meet the programme delivery requirements.
UNFPA’s activities and support have on the whole resulted in successful processes prompting positive
developments and trends in a range of RH, P&D and Gender areas. For instance, RH health indicators
related to programmes and activities supported by UNFPA show significant improvements compared to
indicators in health areas not supported by the Fund. Similarly, the capacity building and policy advisory
activities in P&D brought about important changes at the institutional and policy formulation level,
although it is yet at its early stages of implementation. Programme and advocacy activities in the Gender,
Human Rights Based Approach(HRBA) and gender equality (GE) component have helped to successfully
implement normative and policy changes and to institutionalize HRBA and GE mainstreaming in policy
making and programme management. Here again, implementation is at its early stages.Work
implemented in Transnistria deserves special attention, where positive results go far beyond technical and
programme achievements in the RH component and achievedthe creation of confidence building
measures on the ground and with Transnistrian authorities, perfectly in line with the government’s
strategy for reintegration of Transnistria. UNFPA carries the merit for being a pioneer in this field.
The sustainability of the results achieved during this first programme cycle depends on the extent to
which they can be consolidated in a systematic follow-up and capitalized upon on the side of both
government and UNFPA, including ensuring appropriate UNFPA funding and adequate human resource
and operational delivery capacity (notwithstanding UNFPA MOLDOVA’s resource mobilization efforts
of more than 25% of the core resources).
Since the start of the CP 2007, UNFPA has been a trusted partner for Moldovan public authorities,
including Transnistria, as well as for a range of civil society institutions. The CP proved to be relevant
regarding its thematic approaches and its implementation strategies, which effectively led to the
successful achievement of most of the expected results. This achievement was possible despite very
limited financial resources and consequently limited implementation capacities in the CO.
UNFPA MOLDOVA has been able to engage in strategic partnership, or via joint programming or via
non-formalized cooperation in activities with other UN agencies and has therefore been able to achieve an
effectiveness level beyond expectations, considering the limited resources that were available to the
office.
Key recommendations:
• Continue with the same programme components: Reproductive Health, Population and
Development and Gender. Highly positive results have been achieved for all these components.

Outcome Evaluation
The consolidation of all these achievements and the institutionalization of policies and strategies
related to these achievements require follow-up activities from UNFPA.
• Continue joint programming with other UN agencies;throughout the next complete Country
Programme Cycle.
o Joint programming has helped UNFPA Moldova so far to achieve good results. It enables
UNFPA to be resourceful and creates synergies with other UN agencies. Joint
programming should be based on the design of joint activities right from the start and not
consist of an ad hoc composition of previously designed activities.
• UNFPA should make use of strategic advantage regarding its already existing base for the
outreach of activities. Compared to other UN agencies in Moldova UNFPA has established a
extended network with activities in the ground, in communities and in Transnistria.
o This privileged position can be used specifically for joint programmes with other UN
agencies, helping them to engage in activities in Transnistria.
o It can be a valuable support for other UN agencies, via joint activities with UNFPA for
outreach in RH or in activities related to P&D.
• UNFPA should advocate between GoM and other UN agencies for the definition new social
policies, which offer specific services and social protection in the context of demographic change.
o Moldovastandstoday atacriticalturningpointforconfrontingthe challengesand
issuesgeneratedbyaprojectedrapidly decr easing and ageing population.
Thisphenomenoncallsfor theformulationofnewsocialpoliciesandthefindingof the
necessaryresourcesfor the successful implementation ofthesepolicies. UNFPA, as a
specialized agency in demographic issues, can provide valuable help for a better
understanding on how this phenomenon has to be reflected in social policies.
• The draft text of the future national development strategy “Moldova 2020” includes the reform of
the social insurance and pension system as one of its priorities. UNFPA Moldova should include
this area in its next country programme.
o UNFPA can make use of the global network of expertise in this field.
o Explore the possibility for a joint programme in this regard, possibly with UNDP,
UNICEF and IOM.
• Developapositionandclearstrategytoworkwithcivilsocietyasacomplementtonational
programmesandinanefforttoreachmarginalizedpopulations.
o Engaging civil society can potentially help to improve outreach and quality of services
faster as well a to better identify vulnerable groups at local level and thus help to achieve
their inclusion
o Additionally, the UNDAF evaluation of early 2011 showed that the System of United
Nations as a whole lack a clear and common understanding how civil society should be
addressed in the country and what would be their role in cooperating with UN. A clear

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definition of the relationship and roles would help to improve the efficiency and
effectiveness of the cooperation.
• Enhance monitoring and evaluation as well as Results Based Management capacities of

implementing partners.
o The experience of the monitoring system for commodity security showed clearly the
importance of such a system, as well as the difficulties from government side to
implement such a system without donor support. This is only one example for the lack of
monitoring and RBM.
o The achievement of both of these objectives would help to make the cooperation with
implementing partners more effective and hence increase their potential impact.
o Since UNFPA Moldova depends heavily on non-UNFPA resources, an improvement of
these capacities in implementing partners would facilitate fundraising and would make it
more sustainable since a better reporting of achievements would be possible.
• Ensure competitive working conditions in the UNFPA CO in order to avoid staff turnover.

Outcome Evaluation
1. Introduction
The United Nations Population Fund’s (UNFPA)“overall goal as an institution is to achieve universal
access to reproductive health, promote sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights, and reduce
maternal mortality, achieving progress towards MDG 5, in order to empower and improve thelives of
underserved populations, especially women and youth, enabled by our understanding of population
dynamics, human rights and gender equality and driven bycountry needs and tailored to country
context.”1
This reformulated vision responds to the fact that “key elements of the International Conference on
Population and Development (ICPD)2 agenda remain incomplete, and while only a few years remain until
the 2015 completion date for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), many of the goals are still far
from being met. Of particular concern is the fact that the Millennium Development Goal that UNFPA
most directly contributes to - MDG 5, on improving maternal health - has recently been found to be the
furthest from attainment. 3
This is also true for Moldova, where the MDG 5 indicator of maternal mortality decreased until 2007,
increased sharply in 2008 and returned to its decreasing trendin 2009. 4 Similarly, other Reproductive
Health indicators currently show a slower improvement compared to previous years meanwhile the
demographic situation worsens due to migration and an ageing population.
After having supported Moldova’s development since 1996 on a project basis, an integrated country
programme cycle was put together for the first time for the period 2007-2011. The country programme
focused on three pillars: i) reproductive health, ii) population and development and iii) gender. Thisis the
background against which outcomes of the implementation of this first Country Programme (CP) have to
be evaluated on a mandatory basis. The purposeof theexercise is to carry outan end
ofprogrammecycleevaluation toassessthe achievementsof
theCountryProgramme’sdevelopmentinterventions,thefactorsthatfacilitated/hindered
achievements,andtocompilelessonslearned toinform thedevelopmentofthenextcountry programme cycle
(2012-2016).
Inaddition,theevaluationderivesrecommendations,goodpracticesandlessons learnedfrommeasuringthe
achievements,outputsandoutcomesproducedbytheprogramme.The evaluationalso
highlightsUNFPA’scomparative advantageand makesrecommendationson
alternativecostefficientstrategiestobe usedbyimplementingpartnersandUNFPAinplanningthenext
countryprogrammeforUNFPAsupportwithinthenextUNDAF(United Nations Development Assistance
Framework).
1
Preliminary formulation of UNFPA vision for the global strategic plan 2011-2013, restated in May 2011
2
Held in Cairo 1994
3
World Bank and International Monetary Fund, Global Monitoring Report 2011. In: UNFPA Mid Term review of
UNFPA strategic plan 2008 – 2013, Report to the Executive Director July 26, 2011.
4
UN Moldova, Second National MDG Report 2010, Chisinau.

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The field visit for data collection for this evaluation was implemented duringthe second half of July 2011.

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2. UNFPA Programme Background
TheUNFPA countryprogramme(2007-2011/12)wasdevelopedinclose cooperationwithnationalpartners,

theUnitedNations(UN) system anddonors,andapprovedon15December2005.The Governmenttooka
leadingrole inthisprocessto ensureprogrammeownershipandsustainability.
The UNFPACountryProgramme is strategically embeddedwithintheUnited Nations Development

Assistance Framework (UNDAF)outcomesand the UNFPAmulti-yearfundingframework
andcloselyalignedwith thenationaldevelopmentpriorities, includingthe MDGs;thegoalsandobjectivesofthe
InternationalconferenceonPopulationand Development(ICPD)anditsfive-yearreview(ICPD+5);the EU–
MoldovaAction Plan;the (Moldovan) Economic GrowthandPovertyReductionStrategyPaper
(EGPRSP);andtheprinciplesofhumanrights.
TheUNFPA countryprogrammehasthreecomponents:(a)reproductivehealth;(b)populationand
development;and(c)gender.Humanrights,reproductive rights,advocacyandbehavioural change
communication(BCC)are crosscuttingissuestobe addressedthroughoutthe programme.Geographical
coverageisnationwide,includingtheregionofTransnistria.TheCountryProgramme(CP)isimplementedthroug
ha CountryProgrammeActionPlan (CPAP).For each component, the following principal CP Outcomes
have been formulated in the CPAP.
a. ReproductiveHealth
• Allchildren,especiallythemost vulnerable, enjoyaccesstoearlychildhoodcare,development
programmesandhigh-qualitybasiceducation;
• PeopleofreproductiveageadoptsafebehavioursandseekhealthcommoditiesandinformationonHIV/AI
DS/STIsandReproductiveHealth;
• Allindividuals,especiallythevulnerable,enjoyimprovedaccesstoessentialhealth careofgood quality.
b. Population anddevelopment
• Pro-poorpolicies,addressingdevelopmentandpopulationissues,are formulated,implemented,and
monitoredinamoretransparentandparticipatorymanner;
• There isimprovedreadinesstopreventandmitigatenaturalandman-madedisastersand crises.
c.Gender
• Vulnerablegroups,womenandfemale adolescentsinparticularenjoyimprovedaccesstoquality
socialprotectionservices,includingsystemstopreventandprotectfromviolence,abuse,exploitation
anddiscrimination.
The CPAP establishes that the overall goal of the country programme is to contribute to improving the
quality of life of the people of Moldova, in particular the vulnerable groups. Change in these aspects,
through the implementation of the CPAP was expected to be achieved by strengthening the national
capacity to respond to population and development issues, including gender, and by strengthening
monitoring and quality assurance systems for improved access to comprehensive sexual and

Outcome Evaluation
reproductive health information and services.Capacity building was at the core of UNFPA’s overall
strategy and addressed institutional, human, technical and operational capacity gaps in population and
development, reproductive health and gender, analysed and assessed previously to the formulation of the
CP.5
Strategies for the achievement of these results were expected to be:

• Advocacy and Policy Dialogue
• Building and Using a Knowledge Base
• Promoting, Strengthening and Coordinating Partnerships
• Developing Systems for ImprovingPerformance strategies
The application of these strategies was expected to maximize the impact of the interventionsand to create
synergy with the UN and other development partners.
Advocacy and policy dialogue was expected to contribute by specifically enhancing the networking and
advocacy skills of civilsociety organizations and by increasing awareness on population and reproductive
health issuesamong decision-makers.Regarding the building and using a knowledge base,the programme
wanted to support capacity building in population data collection, analysis and use. Partnerships were
expected being promoted based on the focus on capacity building of state institutions, research
institutions, civilsociety and young people, for a better and more open participation in local and national
planning activities. Finally, improved performance of service delivery was expected being achieved via
the implementation of assessments and via the strengthening of reproductive health commodity security,
and thedevelopment of an institutional system for commodity security, in order to ensure its long-term
sustainability.
The United Nations Development Group (UNSG) Results Based Management (RBM) Handbook6defines
results chain as “the causal sequence for a development intervention that stipulates the necessary
sequence to achieve desired objectives – beginning with inputs,moving through activities and outputs, and
culminating in outcomes, impacts and feedback”. 7Table 1 provides an overview of the results chain for
the UNFPA CP under evaluation, output targets and available resources. Resources shown in Table 1
refer to core resources from UNFPA. During the process of the CP additional fundraising from other
donors and private sector complemented core resources for implementation. The amount of additional
non-core resources reached approximately 80 per cent of the initial budget for the CP.8
5
Cited according to the CPAP, highlighting the elements of change made by this evaluation.
6 Edition March 2010, Handbook spearheaded by the RBM/Accountability Team, UNDG WGPI (FAO, WFP,
UNAIDS, UNSSC, UNDP, UNIFEM, UNICEF, UNFPA).
7
Page 13
8
A more detailed discussion is provided in Chapter 6.3.2 on efficiency.

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Table 1: UNFPA Country Programme results chain and available resources by programme component
Activities9 ExpectedOutputs Outputtargetsand indicators ExpectedOutcomes Impact10
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH (RH)

• RH training
for medical
staff Outputindicators:
• Development Percentageofchildrenand
of teaching Output 1.1 youthcoveredbylifeskills- Outcome1
materials basededucation,bothinand
Educationonsexualand Allchildren,especially
for training outofschoolandin By2011,vulnerablegroupsenjoyincreasedequitablea
reproductivehealththat is themostvulnerable, enjoy
• Advocacy promotedwithintheschool rural/urbanareas accesstoearly guaranteedaccesstobasic servicesofgoodquality
for RH curriculaandthroughnon-formal childhoodcare, development providedbythestatewiththe supportofcivilsociety
training in programmesisexpandedtoreach Baseline: programmesandhigh-
schools themostvulnerablegroups qualitybasiceducation
85%intheacademicyear2005–
• Peer to peer 2006 inschoolsand30,000out
education ofschools
• Support to
the
establishme
nt and
functioning
of youth
friendly
health
centres
• Support for Output 2.1 Outputindicators: Outcome2
commodity Increasedavailabilityof Percentageofyoungpeople Peopleofreproductive
security counsellingandinformation aged15-24 years, ageadoptsafebehaviour
• Support for servicesonsexualand disaggregatedbygender,who andseekhealth
the reproductivehealth,and correctlyidentifywaysto commoditiesand
establishme HIV/AIDSandSTIpreventionfor preventthesexualtransmission information on
youngpeople ofHIVandwhoreject HIV/AIDS,STIsand
9 misconceptionsaboutHIV reproductivehealth
Only principal activities mentioned here
10 transmission
UNDAF Outcome
Baseline:
nt of a 28.3%
LMS
system
Outputindicators:
Output 3.1 %ofRHcabinetsusingLMIS
Outcome3
Mechanismsstrengthened for
Reproductive health Allindividuals,
supervisory and monitoring
commodity security especiallythemost
systems,includingfor quality
systeminplace vulnerable,enjoy
assurancein comprehensive
improvedaccessto
reproductive health service
essential,good-quality
delivery, and for reproductive Baseline: health care
health commodity security · 60%
· No
POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT (P&D)
• Support for
research on Outputindicators:
Output 4.1 Outcome4
P&D Nationalpopulationcouncil
Institutionalcapacitydevelopedto Pro-poorpolicies
• Support and establishasystemtocollectand establishednumberandqualityo addressingdevelopment By2011,publicinstitutionswiththesupportofCivil
advocacy analysedisaggregated f populationpoliciesinitiated andpopulationare SocietyOrganizations(CSOs)
for the demographicandpopulationdata, formulated, arebetterabletoensuregood governance,ruleoflawand
setup of an andtoformulatenationalpolicies implementedand equalaccesstojusticeand promotionofhumanrights
Baseline:
adequate andmonitortheirimplementation monitoredina transparentand
institutional NPCnon-existent
andimpact Noholisticpopulation policies. participatorymanner
framework
for P&D

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Outputindicators:
Output 5.1 Numberofactionswithinplan
Age-specificneeds,reproductive addressingage-specific, Outcome5
health andgenderintegratedintoa gender,andRHneedsand Improvedreadinessto
comprehensiveandcoherent rightsofclaimholders preventandmitigate
contingencyplanfora naturalandman-made
humanitarianresponseto disasters
emergencies Baseline:
N/A
GENDER
• Support to
Outcome6
the Outputindicators:Management
implementa Vulnerablegroupsenjoy
Output 6.1 informationsystemto improvedaccessto
tion of the monitorgender-based
law against Institutionalcapacitystrengthened qualitysocialprotection
violencecasesinplace By2011,vulnerablegroupsenjoyincreasedequitablean
domestic inselectedregionstoensure services,including guaranteedaccesstobasic servicesofgoodquality
effectiveprevention,monitoring, inselectedregions systemstopreventand
violence providedbythestatewiththe supportofcivilsociety
protectionandsupportsystems protectwomenfrom
• Support to violence,abuse,
addressinggender-basedviolence Baseline:
victims of exploitationanddiscriminati
domestic MISnon-existent
on
violence
Source: Compiled by the authors based on information provided by the CPAP and UNFPA Moldova resource mobilization plan 2007-2012.

Outcome Evaluation
3. Development Context
Since the approval of the first UNFPA CP in December 2005 the political and overall development context in
Moldova has changed considerably. These changes represent the principal external factors likely to affect the
success of the implementation of the CP. This chapter gives an overview of the general development context of the
country at the beginning of 2011.11 Political changes and delays in decision making, as well as weaknesses in
public administration, decentralization and the unsolved political situation regarding Transnistria, are the most
important issues which have affected the implementation of the UNFPA CP since 2007.
Since its declaration of independence in 1991, the Republic of Moldova has gone through a series of
difficult transitions at an enormous social cost. The first decade of independence was marked by political
instability and a deep economic recession. In 2011, Moldova is a country still in transition and in the
midst of numerous reforms of its public institutions, legislations, and policy agenda. Renewed economic
growth in 2010 and potential opportunities from European Union integration have created an environment
conducive to modernization and positive change in Moldova.
Politics
The complexities of the on-goingdemocratic political transition are evident from the fact that Moldova
had at least one electoral exercise every single year between 2007 and 2011. At the same time, the
parliamentary elections since 2009 have failed to secure the nation’s president, creating significant
political uncertainty. Additionally, power rests on the shoulders of a multi-party coalition, which in its
initial stage in office have shown still weak abilities to lead complex and difficult reforms. A degree of
stability in the political context can be attributed to recent improvements in the management of electoral
processes. Since 2009, Moldovan electoral processes have managed to maintain credibility despite
frequent elections. This has helped reaffirm the democratic process and strengthen national stability at a
time of frequent political transition.
Economy
The country achieved relatively high economic growth rates between 2000 and 2005 but showed
changing trends in recent years, mainly due to external factors. After the international crisis between 2008
and 2009, Moldova returned to a growing trend in 2010. Throughout the last decade, economic growth
was mainly driven by remittances (which stimulate domestic consumption) and export. Both economic
motors make the growth process vulnerable toexternal shocks e.g. through the costs of energy, demand in
export markets or the reception of remittances. This vulnerability is reinforced by adverse climatic events,
which in recent years have frequently hit the country.
Agriculture is traditionally the main branch of the national economy of the Republic of Moldova. Its
contribution to GDP was about 12 per centin 2010, reaching 17 per cent together with the food processing
industry. Half of the production is exported. Agricultural production has a high growth potential (8 per
cent in 2010), but is vulnerable to climatic risks. The sector provides roughly one third ofthe existing jobs
11
The content of the chapter is based on the first chapter of the UN Country Analysis (CA) Moldova June 2011. The
Team Leader of this evaluation (Thomas Otter) is also the author of the first chapter of the UN CA. Hence, resuming
the first chapter of the CA does not represent a conflict with intellectual property.
in the country. Agriculture still remains the basic source of livelihoods in rural areas; the average monthly
salary of employees in the sector reaches only half of what is the mean wage of the economy. Frequent
extreme weather conditions in recent years forced the sector to be re-oriented to a new level of production
in agriculture, taking into consideration adaptation and mitigation measures.
Millennium Development Goals and Human Development

Moldova has adopted the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) at the country level and has remained
committed to achieving these goals through various means, including an increased level of prioritization
and an intensification of collaboration with all relevant partners, including civil society. Moldova
progressed on MDGs, with 21 out of 27 targets on track to be met. However, during the last decade
progress was not uniform. MDGs on education, HIV/AIDs and environment (water and sanitation) will
not be reached. Other MDGs are likely to be reached but with a deep inequity that will affect the rights of
very poor and excluded children and women. Inequalityis expected to deepen, following the trends
observed in many Western European countries. Good progress has been made in the health sector
regarding child and maternal mortality but more efforts are still needed for HIV/AIDS and contagious
diseases (TB) as well as regarding access to safewater. In terms of education, important improvements
have been made regarding early childhood development and pre-school enrolment, but more efforts are
also required at other levels of formal education.
In spite of the steps forward towards MDG achievement,Moldova remains one of the least developed
countries in the European and Commonwealth of Independent States region. The Republic of Moldova’s
2010 Human Development Index (HDI) stood at 0.623, below the achieved levels of neighbouring
countries Ukraine and Romania. Differences in human development achievements between these
countries are mainly driven by much lower production levels in Moldova (GDP per capita), but also by
lower achievements in education and in a minor degree of life expectancy. Throughout the last two
decades Moldovan HDI dropped from 0.616 in 1990 to 0.552 in 2000 and recovered to 0.623 in 2010.
This trend is symptomatic for many development processes in the country regarding a generally
worsening situation in the first decade of independence and a recovery in the second decade. However,
achieved improvements have still not lifted the welfare levels beyond the initial levels in 1990.
Health, exclusion, vulnerable groups and health reform12

Life expectancy at birth in Moldova was 69.3 years in 2009, - 73.4 years for women and 65.3 years for
men, steadily increasingsince 2000. The improvement can be attributed to areduction in infant mortality
and under-5 mortality rates. Life expectancy for women is 8.1 years longer than for men while the
average life expectancy for urban residents is 3.5 years longer than for rural residents. In consequence of
policies implemented in the field of mother and child assistance (including state insurance), the infant
mortality rate fell over the years 2000-2009 by about 6,6 percentage points, while the under-5 mortality
rate fell by about 8,1 percentage points150. Nonetheless, compared to the EU-27, these indicators in the
Republic of Moldova are still about 2.7 times higher.
12
All information of this subchapter based on UNDP Moldova National Human Development Report 2010/2011
“From Social Exclusion Towards Inclusive Human Development”, Chapter 5 and the Moldova 2010 MDG report.
All indicators based on information from the Ministry of Health in Moldova, the National Bureau of Statistics or the
WHO.

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In 2008, for the first time in the five years, maternal mortality increased (from 15.8 to 38.4 cases per
100.000 births), but in 2009 it declined again (17.2 cases per 100,000 births). Deaths are predominantly
caused by bleeding, followed by late gestosis, septic states, thromboembolism, hepatic cirrhosis and,
rarely, cases of anaesthesia-related complications. Social determinants (particularly poverty and
migration) play a determinant role in half of the cases of maternal mortality. Although the absolute
number of maternal deaths is small, the non-linear evolution of the maternal mortality rate raises some
concerns. In 2007-2008 the proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel was 99.5 per cent,
while in 2009 it grew to 99.8 per cent.
Limited coverage and limited services provided through medical insurance system restrict access of
vulnerable groups and individuals to quality healthcare. The compulsory health insurance system that
covered in 2009 about 78.6% of the population was introducedin 2004. The basic package of healthcare
services was reviewed and extended, the emphasis being placed on children, women, elderly people and
the vulnerable groups of the population who are insured by the state. Nevertheless, in 2009, about 23.2%
of households still were outside the insurance system, the biggest part of them being from the rural area –
28.5%. Thus, about 46.5% of farmers, 34.4% of employees in the agricultural sector and a quarter of
households with children declared they have no medical insurance policy. The share of individuals in
rural areas that do not access healthcare and do not visit the doctor because they have no policy is about
23.8%, 14 times higher than in urban areas.
The economic crisis of the 1990s led to a decrease in budget funding of state healthcare institutions as
well as to a reduction in the accessibility of healthcare services. Within the 1996 – 1996 period, budget
allocations for the healthcare sector fell from 6.9% of GDP in 1996 to 2.9% in 1999. As a result, over
9,000 medical personnel (doctors and nurses) left the healthcare system during the period 1996- 1999.
After the introduction of the compulsory medical insurance system and mechanisms of hospitals
optimization, the financial situation of the system improved and its budget increased to 6.4% of GDP in
2009.The exodus of medical personnel from the system slowed down. During 2000-2008 about 10,000
medical personnel left the system. Only in 2009 was a tendency observed of people returning back to the
system, with an increase of 170 persons (99 doctors and 71 medium medical personnel) compared to
2008.
In the process of transition it became clear that a fully funded state healthcare system is unable to meet
new challenges. A series of reforms were implemented: new principles of funding and organization of
primary and secondary healthcare were introduced, private healthcare emerged, the mechanism of
hospitals and hospital beds number optimization was implemented, and a package of free medical
services guaranteed by the state was defined. Reforms include: (i) expansion and strengthening of primary
healthcare network; (ii) introduction in 2004 of compulsory health insurance and determination of main
vulnerable categories insured by the state; (iii) development of private medicine; (iv) consolidation of
Emergency Medical Service infrastructure; (iv) activities for maintaining and strengthening medical staff
in the system (especially from rural area) (v) standardization of healthcare services quality in accordance
with WHO requirements and (vi ) monitoring of services quality through accreditation. Since 2008 the
policy of an annual increase of insurance premiums is being implemented. Health system decentralization

Outcome Evaluation
has started through direct contracting of primary healthcare providers by the National Health Insurance
Company. During the period 1997-2004 the number of hospitals decreased by 26.5% (rural hospitals,
which were not economically and medically efficient, were closed), and the number of beds was reduced
by about 50%. A significant part of resources saved by optimization of beds were redirected to the
primary care sector. 48 family doctors centres were created intowns, as well as 383 rural health centres
and 554 family doctors offices, providing primary health care until now by means of family doctor team.
In order to reduce inequalities and increase the access to the healthcare system, including of vulnerable
groups, the National Health Policy, which determined priorities and directions of healthcare development
for a 15-year term, was adopted in 2007. In the context of compulsory health insurance, all expenses
related to healthcare of mothers and children at all levels are covered from the public budget. Perinatal
care was regionalized, which ensured proper division of pregnant women and new-borns, and
implementation of transportation in utero. In the recent years the optimization of the system’s operation
was promoted as a result of the strengthening of a specialized regional ambulance service for transporting
infants.
Poverty, Income and Inequality

Since 2000, monetary (consumption) poverty levels have more than halved, after a previous period of
poverty increase. Throughout the last decade, the country’s strong growth performance and the reception
of remittances helped to reduce monetary poverty quickly. However, these important achievements have
not been accompanied at the same rate with improvements in other social indicators (MDGs, HD), as seen
above. Additionally, it is still not clear if the achieved poverty results will be sustainable, since at the
moment they still depend heavily on the vulnerable rates of growth and reception of remittances and on
the limited financial capacities of the government to counteract critical income situations at a household
level with social protection. Income (consumption) poverty reduction can be sustainable throughout
efforts coming from the very households labour market participation. In recent years however labour
markets participation and activity rates in the country have been constantly decreasing. This fact increases
the vulnerability of poverty reduction achievements. An additional concern regarding the distribution of
the welfare outcomes of growth and remittances is the inequality of household incomes, which has
remained unchanged in recent years (roughly at a Gini of 0.3). The global Human Development Report
2010 argues that the inequality level of the income distribution reduces the potential positive impact
which income has on Moldova’s HDI by 19.4%.
European Integration
The Government of Moldova regards European integration as the most fundamental priority of domestic
and foreign policy. The assumption behind this policy objective is that the responsible implementation of
commitments, deriving from the European course, is the most efficient way to achieve political, economic
and social modernization. In practice, this means that the government will undertake further reforms in
areas related to freedom of mass media, independence of judiciary, and liberalization of the economy.
Public Administration
The National Development Strategy 2008-2011 (NDS) acknowledged the weakness of the existing
capacity of the public administration and its ability to render good public service. As recently as 2007, the
situation in the central public administration could be characterized by non-compliance with the current

Outcome Evaluation
legal framework provisions with European Union standards and inefficient law enforcement mechanisms;
significant staff turnover caused by insufficient civil service salaries; a lack of a central body to develop
and promote staffing policy and procedures in civil service; a fragmented approach to continuous training
for civil servants; a low quality and efficiency of public services; and an insufficient dialogue with the
civil society. A currently on-going reform process of the central public administration targets
improvements in five sectors: i) organization, ii) legal frameworks, iii) decision making processes, iv)
human resource management, and v) public finance management. In 2011, despite the progress, the
implementation of public administration reforms has been slow due to multiple factors, including frequent
elections, insufficient budgets, and significant brain drain. Additionally, the reform process has
formulated many legislative and policy steps, but key elements of implementation are lagging behind
legislative and policy pronouncements.
Decentralization and Local Development

The decentralization process in Moldova has gone through several stages and was affected by changes in
the political power systems in charge of state administration and produced improvements and lost
grounds. Local governments in Moldova play a significant role in the provision of social services and
bear primary responsibility for water supply, road construction, maintenance and heating. Currently, with
32 rayons, the local governments are left fragmented and underfinanced, providing services that are still
largely inadequate and of poor quality. Local authorities have limited fiscal autonomy and limited fiscal
potential and their budgets depend on higher levels of government. The transfer system is inefficient,
unpredictable, opaque, and provides little incentive for fiscal responsibility.
Transnistria frozen conflict

The breakaway region of Transnistria continues to pose a silent threat to the stability of Moldova.
European Union engagement with Moldova and the Transnistria conflict has increased over the past
years, particularly with the 2004 negotiation of the European Union-Moldova Emerging Neighbourhood
Policy Action Plan, which calls for “shared responsibility in conflict prevention and conflict resolution”;
the establishment of the European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine in 2005;
and the appointment of a European Union Special Representative to Moldova in 2005.
Since 2007, development programmes and confidence-building measures aimed at improving cooperation
between Chisinau and Tiraspol have accelerated. The confidence-building-related proposals and activities
include economic and trade cooperation, infrastructure projects, transport, health care and social welfare,
education and science, demilitarization, humanitarian aid, and agriculture. The proposals and activities
were warmly welcomed by the international community,being considered as a first step in the right
direction. In Transnistria, the reactions were mixed, ranging from outward rejection by advocates of the
region’s independence to a wait-and-see attitude from more progressive interest groups. However, local
beneficiary population warmly welcomes implemented activities.
Environment
Weather and climate-related natural hazards like drought, floods, hail, soil erosion, and landslides are
negatively affecting the country’s development outcomes. Climate change is now recognized in Moldova
as a key challenge given the increasing frequency and intensity of natural hazards and the high

Outcome Evaluation
vulnerability of Moldova’s population, economy and environment. Environmental degradation and the
management and halting of biodiversity and landscape deterioration are key priorities for the country.
However, capacities and resources for taking action on all these issuesare still very low.
Human Rights
In September 2009, the government made human rights part of its new agenda and has since made
significant progress. Moldova was elected for the first time to the United Nations Human Rights Council
in May 2010. During the second half of the year, the government ratified two major international treaties:
the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and the International Convention on the Rights of
Persons with Disabilities. New policies, strategies, and plans were developed to address gender equality,
child labour, torture and ill treatment in detention, and social inclusion of persons with disabilities. A new
National Human Rights Action Plan 2011-2014 and a draft law on anti-discrimination await adoption by
parliament. The legal framework was improved in the areas of domestic violence, workers’ rights, public
assembly, sexual and reproductive health, protection of refugees and asylum seekers, and the judiciary.
New developments were registered underthe institutional framework that were aimed at ensuring a better
protection of the rights of children, of people subject to human trafficking and of people deprived of their
liberty.
Gender
Moldova’s gender sensitive Human Development Index (HDI) achieves 0.429 against 0.623 for the whole
population. The difference reflects the loss in human development for women due to their disadvantages
in reproductive health, empowerment, and economic activity. The persistence of inequalities in Moldova
hinders the development of the country and restricts the ability of disadvantaged sectors to fully realize
their human capabilities.
Laws and policies in the area of gender equality are well established in Moldova. Gender equality is
included in the constitution and elaborated in the 2006 Law on ensuring equal opportunities for women
and men. Moldova has signed on to a broad range of international conventions that mandate gender
equality including the Millennium Development Goals and theConvention on the Elimination of
Discrimination against Women. While the policy foundation for gender equality laid out by the
Government of Moldova is laudable, patriarchal norms have proven resistant to change, and policies and
laws aimed at enabling gender equality have not been sufficiently backed by resources required for full
realization.
4. Methodology and Limitations of the Evaluation
The methodology implemented for this evaluation included a wide range of data gathering methods.
• Document Review, including relevant UNDP, partner programme documents, government

strategies, statistical reports as appropriate, as well as general contextual analyses.
• Individual semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders (staff, government, partners,
beneficiaries).

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• Group interviews or focus groups where there is an advantage in encouraging reflection and
response, or where time is limited (also semi-structured).
• Site visits were proposed to better understand the context and achievements of the programme, as
well as the dynamic interaction of stakeholders in programme activities.
• Small case studies13were considered if appropriate to illustrate results chains or other programme
achievements.
The principles of triangulation (use of multiple sources, including key informants) and stakeholder
participation were implemented for this evaluation.
The assessment of CP strategies was established as a core element for the evaluation exercise, in the terms
of reference. The evaluators felt that the adequateness and meaningfulness of UNFPA’s implementation
strategies could not be properly described by traditional evaluation criteria. In order to capture more
precisely the character of the strategies this evaluation presents in Box 4 below a new set of criteria. We
suggest that UNFPA should consider these new criteria for the description of a CP strategy as a proposal
or an experiment, since they are not part of traditional literature on evaluation. UNFPA should feel free to
consider or reject this proposal as useful for their needs.
All interview partners and site visits were selected jointly between UNFPA and the evaluation team. The
stakeholder consultation process started with a joint meeting between all interview partners to be visited
during the mission, UNFPA and the evaluation team, for presentation of the evaluation purpose and
approach. This “ice-breaking” meeting proved to be useful in the following sense. First, stakeholders and
interview partner were aware of the central approach evaluation approach on outcomes and could get
prepared for the interview meetings with specific documentation, this way avoiding providing only
general information talking from memory. However, before starting interviews and site visits the
evaluators had an initial meeting with the steering committee of this evaluation, composed by high
ranking officials from the main government partners regarding the three CP components.14 At the end of
the country visit a second multi-stakeholder meeting was realized providing a presentation of preliminary
findings of the evaluation.
Given the very limited time period for the implementation of the data recollection field mission, most of
the stakeholders were not addressed individually. Interviews were frequently conducted as group
meetings with three or more participants.15
Gender and human rights are crosscutting issues in the CP. They were addressed directly and indirectly.
Specific gender focused activities such as the support to protection of victims of domestic violence were
assessed applying all evaluation criteria defined in the terms of reference. All remaining activities, which
should incorporate gender and human rights issues as crosscutting areas of attention were assessed
13
Boxes within the text of this report
14
The steering committee is composed by vice ministers or department directors within ministries; for a detailed list
of interviewed stakeholders, as well as their position and function see annex.
15
Identity and number of participants in interview meetings can be found in the annex.

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through questions to interview partners and based on the thematic and country specific knowledge of the
national evaluator.
Limitations
The evaluators have not faced major logisticallimitations during the implementation of this evaluation.
Access to all stakeholders and counterparts has been assured, as well as to documentation and guidance
from the UNFPA country and regional office was comprehensive. However, the evaluators felt an
important limitation considering the extension of the evaluation of only 15 working days for two
consultants, considering the ambitious TORs and the scope of the exercise. UNFPA justifies these
limitations with budget constraints. Regarding the implementation of the exercise,the evaluators feel that
the field mission for data collection was too short. Fortunately no evaluation questions or thematic areas
of the evaluation had to be left out, but even if all necessary stakeholders have been met, several meetings
were held with an important number of participants, so they rather resembled more of a focus group
meeting than individual interviews. Regarding the collection of information and stakeholders’ opinions,
important details might have been lost as a result. A longer field mission would have allowed an even
deeper and better analysis then the one presented in this report. It would have allowed for a higher
number of individual meetings and would have allowed to go into more details, since frequently an
important amounts of the limited time for meetings was additionally lost because of the need of
translation from Moldovan or Russian to English and vice versa. To reduce the loss of time as far as
possible evaluators opted frequently for simultaneous translation.
5. Purpose, scope, objectives and key questions of the evaluation

5.1 Purpose
The purposeofthis evaluation is to assess the achievementsof
theCountryProgramme’sdevelopmentinterventions,thefactorsthatfacilitated or hindered
achievement,andtocompilelessonslearned toinform thedevelopmentofthenextcountry programme cycle
(2012-2016).Inaddition,theevaluationshallderive recommendations,goodpracticesandlessons
learnedfrommeasuringthe achievements,outputsandoutcomesproducedbytheprogramme.The evaluation
alsohighlights UNFPA’s comparative advantage and makesrecommendations on
alternativecostefficientstrategiestobe usedbyimplementingpartnersandUNFPAinplanningthenext
countryprogrammeforUNFPAsupportwithinthenextUNDAF.
5.2 Scope
Regarding its scope, the evaluation covers the period2007tothe present, regarding all three
programmecomponents, (a)reproductivehealth;(b)populationand
development;and(c)gender.Humanrights,reproductive rights,advocacyandbehavioural change
communication(BCC) beingcrosscuttingissues are also addressed. The assessment refers to
activities implemented in Moldova, including Transnistria. The data collection field mission for this
evaluation was implemented from July 19 to July 26. A total of 24 meetings and interviews were carried

Outcome Evaluation
out, addressing 70 different beneficiaries and stakeholders. The field mission also included five project site
visits.16
5.3 Objectives and key evaluation questions

Theevaluationconsultedwithnationalstakeholders,policy and project managersandbeneficiariesand
addresses thecriteriaofrelevance,effectiveness,efficiency,impact, andsustainabilityand performance-
management.Inaddition,theevaluationfocuses on the question ofwhetherandhowUNFPA’s
supportplayedaroleindevelopingnationalcapacity,enhancingnationalownership,and fostering
partnershipandcoordination.
The following general evaluation objectives have been defined by UNFPA for this exercise:
• Assesstheextenttowhich the country programmeinterventionsarein linewithnational
developmentprioritiesidentifiedinEGPRSP,NationalDevelopmentStrategy,EU Moldova
ActionPlanandSectorStrategicplans;
• Evaluate theextenttowhichplannedresults,includingagreedoutputsandoutcomeshave been
achievedas resultofprogramme implementation;
• Evaluatehoweconomicallyoroptimallyfinancial,humanandtechnicalinputshave beenusedto
produceoutputs;
• Provideconcreterecommendationsateveryleveltoinformthedevelopmentof the2013Country
Programmetocontinue the supportinthecontextofthenewNationalDevelopmentStrategyand
theUNDAF.
5.3.1 KeyEvaluation Criteria and Specific Evaluation Questions
Theevaluationaddresses the following general criteria17 and specific questions defined by UNFPA.
Relevance:
Theassessmentofrelevanceexaminesthedegreetowhichtheoutputs/outcomesoftheproject arein line with
national priorities and needs. Itconsiderswhetherthe strategiesand
interventionsarerelevantfortheenvironmentunderwhichUNFPAoperates. Inparticular,the
evaluationexaminestheextenttowhichtheCPAPinterventionsaresuitedandconsistent
withnationalpolicies,prioritiesandneeds.
16 “Artemida” Maternal Centre, Drochia; “Ana” Women’s Healthcare Centre, Drochia; RH Centre in Tiraspol,
Transnistria; Causeni Law Centre and Rusca prison for women. For more details regarding the work agenda of the
field mission, refer to the annex.
17
Regarding the definition of concepts, this evaluation follows the OEC/DAC norms: Relevance - The extent to
which the aid activity is suited to the priorities and policies of the target group, recipient and donor. Effectiveness -
A measure of the extent to which an aid activity attains its objectives. Efficiency - Efficiency measures the outputs -
qualitative and quantitative - in relation to the inputs. Impact/Degree of Change - The positive and negative changes
produced by a development intervention, directly or indirectly, intended or unintended. This involves the main
impacts and effects resulting from the activity on the local social, economic and other development indicators.
Sustainability -Sustainability is concerned with measuring whether the benefits of an activity are likely to continue
after donor funding has been withdrawn. Sources:OECD 1986, 1991, 2000.

Outcome Evaluation
• Aretheprojectstrategiesadaptedtotheenvironmentinwhichitoperates,inlinewithnational
needs,policiesandpriorities?
• Arethere
synergiesorcomplementaritiesbetweenthedevelopmentactors,bothgovernmentandUNentities?
• HowsuccessfullyhasthecountryofficeengagedintheUNreform process,strengthening
cooperationwithotherUNAgenciesthroughjointinitiatives?
• TowhatextentdidthejointprogrammemodalitycontributetotheachievementofCountryProgrammeres
ults?
• WhataretheareasofUNFPA’scomparativeadvantagethatthecountryofficeneedstofocuson
inthenextCountryProgrammeof supporttoMoldovaandwithinthecontextofUNDAFandthe
rapidlyevolvingaidenvironmentinthecountry?
Effectiveness:
TheassessmentofeffectivenessconsidersorexaminestheextenttowhichtheCPhasachievedits planned
results,includingoutputsandoutcomesandtheextent towhich the achievementofoutputsand
outcomeswereasaconsequenceofUNFPAassistanceandsupportratherthanotherinterventionsand factors.
• Asperquantitative/qualitativetargetsoftheCPAP,towhatextent haveknowledge and skillson
sexualand reproductivehealthamong studentsandvulnerable youngpeopleeffectivelyimproveddue
tosupportprovidedbythe programme,suchas institutionalizedpeer-to-
peereducationandspecialeducationforvulnerablegroups?
• Towhatextenthaveavailabilityofqualityreproductivehealthinformationandservicesaswellas
STI/HIV infectionpreventionandcareservicesforyoung people andvulnerable groups
effectivelyincreased?
• Towhatextenthasthe Programmeeffectivelystrengthenedthemechanismofqualityassurance
andcommoditysecurity?
• Howeffectivelyhas demographicresearchbeenusedtosupporttheProgramme implementation?
• Did theprogramme activitiesincreasethecapacityoflocalNGOstodevelopandimplement
programmesongender-baseddiscriminationandviolenceprevention?
• Howhavehuman rightsandgenderequality considerationsbeeneffectivelymainstreamed
throughoutCountryProgrammedevelopmentandimplementation?Hastheprogrammedesign
beenappropriate forasustainablemainstreamingofhumanrightsandgenderequality
considerationsthroughoutitsimplementation?
Efficiency
Theassessment ofefficiencyconsidersorexamines howeconomicallyandoptimallyinputs ofthe
technicalassistance(financial,human,technicalandmaterialresources)havebeenused to produce
outputs.Theassessmentofefficiencyattemptst o linkoutputstoresourcesexpendedandassesseswhether
thishappenedaseconomicallyandas feasibleaspossibleandtheextenttowhichthequantityandquality
oftheresultsjustifythequantityandqualityofthemeansusedforachievingthemandwhetherthesewere
achievedon time.In theimplementationofthe CPAP,assesshowefficientlytheinputsand resourceswere
utilizedtoproducetheresultsoroutputsregarding thefollowing:
• Howefficientlyhasresult-basedmanagementbeenappliedin achievingcountry programme results?
• Wereinputsprovidedandoutputsmetonatimelybasis?

Outcome Evaluation
Impact/Degree of Change
The assessmentof the impactoftheprojectconsidersthelongertermandultimateresultsattributable
totheCPAPinterventionsthatwerebeingimplemented. Itconsidersthepositiveandnegative long-
termeffects,whichmay beeconomic,socio-cultural,institutional,technologicaland
environmentalorothereffects. Thusintheevaluationoftheinterventions,theassessment shoulddetermine the
positiveandnegative changesproducedbytheinterventiondirectlyor indirectly,intendedorunintended.
• Dothebeneficiariesandotherstakeholdersaffectedbytheprogrammeperceive theeffectofthe
programme interventionsonthemselves?
• Whataretheperceptionsofthedifferentstakeholders,particularly those oftheGovernmentofMoldova,
implementing partnersand other United Nationsorganizations, regardingthe overall impactof the
UNFPAprogramme?
Leadership,ManagementandInstitutionalArrangements
Leadership,managementandinstitutionalarrangementsconsidersthegovernance structureofthe
assistance,theleadershipandmanagementofthe interventionsbyUNFPA intermsoftechnical
advice,coordination,consultations,reporting,supportandbackstopping,fundingmodalityand
arrangements.HoweffectivelyandefficientlyhasUNFPA technicalassistancefacilitatedthe
aboveandensuredthe relevance,impactandsustainabilityof theproject?
• Howefficienthavetheprocessesandsystemsfollowedbeenincludingtheapplicationofresults based
management (RBM) in achievingcountry programmeresults?
• Assessment of theeffectiveness of the CP’smonitoringandinformationsystem;
• Towhatextenthasthejointprogrammemodality (inthecontextofDelivering asOne)contributed tothe
achievementofCountryProgrammeresults?
• Isthereeffectivecoordinationamongstthegovernment,UNFPAandotherimplementingpartners?
Sustainability
The criteria of Sustainability had not been included as specific evaluation criteria in the TORs. However,
the authors decided to include a brief section on sustainability in order to provide a complete report,
including all standard criteria. Since no specific questions regarding sustainability have been formulated
in the TORs, general questions regarding these criteriaare addressed in this report.

Outcome Evaluation
6. Findings
6.1 Status of the Outcome
Finding 1: Significant progress has been made on all CP Outputs. All of thesecan be considered as
successfully achieved, though not always through the expected channels, delivery mechanisms and
types of intervention, as illustrated in the case of education for reproductive health.
6.1.1 Reproductive Health
In 2005, when the CP was defined, the main Reproductive Health (RH) indicators (abortion, child and
infant mortality, maternal mortality, HIV/AIDS, STI) had shown high levels and slow trends of decrease.
Assessments carried out before the definition of the 2007-2011/12 CP suggested that the slow trends of
improvements of the principle RH indicators were related with levels of exclusion and a lack of targeting
in vulnerable groups. Hence UNFPA defined a CP with special focus on RH/Youth and vulnerable groups
(e.g. Rusca and Lipcani prisons).
RH CP-Outcome 1:All children, especially the most vulnerable, enjoy access to early childhood care,
development programmes and high-quality basic education.
UNFPA contributedsuccessfully to this outcome by promoting high-quality education on sexual and

reproductive health though formal and non-formal education programmes, targeting adolescents and
young people (aged 10-24).18 The intervention has been more successful through non-formal education
mechanisms. The expected chain of cause and effect is that better information (improved services) and
knowledge lead to lower incidence rates for STIs. RH CP outcome 1 and 2 are closely linked (see below).
RH CP-Output 1: Education on sexual and reproductive health that is promoted within the school
curricula and through non-formal programmes is expanded to reach the most vulnerable groups.
Progress: Besides extensive efforts and joint advocacy of UNFPA together with UNICEF and
WHO,UNFPA MOLDOVA has not been able to implement all planned activities under this output. Life
Skills Based Education (LSBE) has still not been incorporated in the mandatory school curriculum in
response to opposition from the church, conservative political parties and conservative sectorsfrom civil
society.However, LSBE is at least offered as an optional course, even within public teaching institutions.
As an alternative channel for promoting LSBE, apart from school education, UNFPA used the peer-to-
peer education system. The Ministry of Education endorsed this alternative teaching methodology and is
cooperating in its implementation. This way the output can be considered as achieved. Even if the formal
(institutional) obligation for LSBE does not exist, peer-to-peer activities managed to reach approximately
50% of the adolescent population.19 Since there is still no legal permission for health education (using a
18
For a detailed assessment on how far and how successfully this contribution was see chapter 6.3.1 on
effectiveness.
19
Estimates from the UNFPA CO Moldova

Outcome Evaluation
modern approach) in school curricula, the sustainability of achieved results will depend on the ongoing
support and advocacy of UNFPA and other relevant actors (UNICEF, WHO, UNAIDS) in this field.
RH CP-Outcome 2:People of reproductive age adopt safe behavior and seek reproductive health
commodities and information on HIV/AIDS, STIs and reproductive health.
UNFPA contributed to this outcome by scaling up access to information and behaviour change
communication for young people, and by fostering inter-sectorial partnerships aiming at promotion of
healthy lifestyles among young people. 20 This outcome is closely linked to the previous one, where the
increased information and knowledge on RH combined with specific health services together are expected
to lead to lower incidence rates of STIs.
RH CP-Output 2: Increased availability of counselling and information services on sexual and

reproductive health, and HIV/AIDS and STI prevention for young people.
Progress: 80% of family doctors and 50% of nurses have been trained in counselling, 21 which
istheproactive provision of information on sexual and reproductive health issues and rights. The training
provided by UNFPA included contraceptive methodologies, HIV/STIs prevention and the promotion of
Youth Friendly Health Services (YFHS). YFHS are implemented with UNFPA support in 12 (+2
Transnistrian) centres. Even if all 12 of these centresare operating, only seven of them were currently
performing at a highly satisfactory level. 22 Continuous YFHS training is provided by UNFP for the
medical staff working in 47 RH cabinets, offering national coverage.23 The support to the RH cabinets is
implemented in cooperation with the WHO.
RH CP-Outcome 3: All individuals, especially the most vulnerable, enjoy improved access to essential,
good-quality healthcare.
UNFPA’s interventions under this outcome concentrated on commodity security and the improvement of
monitoring commodity use and security.24 Meanwhile outcome 1 focuses on knowledge and outcome 2 on
services, outcome 3 focuses on commodity security regarding availability and performance. Especially
this component provides services to vulnerable groups. All three outcomes have to be seen as
complementary.
RH CP-Output 3: Mechanisms strengthened for supervisory and monitoring systems, including for
quality assurance in comprehensive reproductive health service delivery, and for reproductive health
commodity security.
20
effectiveness.
21
Estimates from the UNFPA CO Moldova
22
Information provided by the UNFPA country coordinator. The National Youth Resource Centre shared the
perception regarding the centres’ performance.
23
Information provided by UNFPA and confirmed by Ministry of Health
24
effectiveness.

Outcome Evaluation
Progress: Based on a Logistics and Management Information System (LMIS) created by UNFPA in
other countries, UNFPA Moldova has developed software for Reproductive Health Commodity Security
(RHCS), which deals with information regarding consumption, stocks and supply of commodities. All 47
reproductive health cabinets (national coverage) have been equipped with Personal Computers and
Internet accessby UNFPA, in order to be able to implement the LMIS. UNFPA considers that at least
75% of the national consumption is realized via these cabinets (free of charge for vulnerable
groups). 25 However, even if there is an operational LMIS in place, commodity security is currently
compromised due to the lack of contraceptives procurement allocatedin the Ministry of Health (MoH)
budget. Based on UNFPA extensive advocacy, the ministry is already providing post-abortion
contraception in the Basic Benefits Package within the System of Compulsory Medical Insurance.26 This
fact can be considered as a first step towards commodity security.
6.1.2 Population and Development
Strategiescarried out by UNFPA regarding population and development issues are highly relevant,
considering demographic trends of migration and an ageing population and their social impact. UNFPA’s
support enabled the adequate training of human resources for dealing with demographic issues, the
generation of information and statistical evidence, the creation of spaces for debate and policy design, the
creation of an institutional set-up for the development of demographic policies and a general awareness
increase of the importance of demographics for the future development of Moldova.
PD CP-Outcome 1: Pro-poor policies addressing development and population issues are formulated,
implemented and monitored in a transparent and participatory manner.
Since at the moment of the definition of the 2007-2011/12 CP no demographic policy existed, UNFPA
concentrated successfully on the formulation of such a policy. 27 Here closing the gap of lack of
information is expected to enable research, which then will be used for policy formulation, supported an
adequate institutional framework.
PD CP-Output 1: Institutional capacity developed to establish a system to collect and analyse

disaggregated demographic and population data, and to formulate national policies and monitor their
implementation and impact.
Progress: Before 2007, no institutional body for demographic issues existed in the country. The National
Commission for Population and Development (NCPD) was established in 2007 with direct UNFPA
collaboration.The commission is now the only governmental body in MOLDOVA dealing with
demographic issues. UNFPA also worked on the capacity building and training of civil servants in the
area of demographics and in the creation of the department for demographic policy within the Ministry of
25
The remaining 25% of consumption is comprised of commodities purchased by the economically better-off
population in commercial facilities).
26
IUD and Depo Provera
27
effectiveness.

Outcome Evaluation
Labour, Social Protection and Family (MLSPF). Since 2009,government ownership in the development of
demographic policieshas been achieved, after the implementation of the demographic baseline
researchpublished in the Green Book of Population, supported by UNFPA. In response to the findings of
the Green Book, the government developed,again with UNFPA support, a strategy for demographic
security. UNFPA expects that the GoM will approve this strategy before end of 2011, thus converting it
into an official government policy.However, financial constraints at government side put at riskthe future
implementation of the demographic strategy. Finally, GoM has already approved the creation of a
Demographic Centre under government finance before the end of 2013.
PD CP-Outcome 2: Improved readiness to prevent and mitigate natural and man-made disasters.
UNFPA’s interventions focused on supporting the inclusion of reproductive health issues in contingency
plans for emergency situations. 28 Responding to changing climatic conditions and increased natural
disasters the GoM already developed contingency plans. These however did not address reproductive
health and gender issues in a coherent and comprehensive way. General RH conditions in Moldova are
improving but the achievements are still at risk. This is especially true for vulnerable population groups.
In case of a natural or man-made disaster, affected population becomes automatically a vulnerable group
and requires specific attention.
PD CP-Output 2: Age-specific needs, reproductive health and gender integrated into a comprehensive
and coherent contingency plan for a humanitarian response to emergencies.
Progress: After 2007,theNational Disaster Medicine Centre has developed a contingency plan with
support fromUNFPA and WHO. The UNFPA supports the centre with innovative training on the delivery
of RH services in emergency situations. The newly created capacities have already been tested during the
2008 and 2010 floods in the Hincesti district. The main lesson learned from these experiences dealing
with real disasters is that,in an emergency situation, the government pays less attention to reproductive
health, compared to other priorities.
6.1.3 Gender
UNFPA Moldova pays special attention to gender issues, because of their power indetermining levels of
social and economic exclusion. This is even more important since, as a result of the existing demographic
trends in the country, the gender perspective is becoming more and more relevant.
Gender CP-Outcome 1: Vulnerable groups enjoy improved access to quality social protection services,
including systems to prevent and protect women from violence, abuse, exploitation and discrimination.
UNFPA’s interventions concentrated on the successful implementation of protection systems for victims
of domestic violence. 29 Rational of interventions here is based on the understanding that it is not sufficient
28
effectiveness.
29
effectiveness.

Outcome Evaluation
to improve legal frameworks on domestic violence but that it is as well necessary to provide institutional
platforms and networks and mechanisms and tools which will enable institutions to fulfill the functions
defined for them in the law against domestic violence.
Gender CP-Output 1: Institutional capacity strengthened in selected regions to ensure effective

prevention, monitoring, protection and support systems addressing gender-based violence.
Progress: Advocacy work and technical support for the approval of the law against domestic violence,
technical support and training for the implementation of the protection order mechanisms for victims of
domestic violence, and work on the ground, have been implemented as the strategy pillars for the gender
component. Effects fromall three of these sectors of activity have proved to be able to change women’s
lives through the possibility of finding shelter in centres for victims of domestic violence (e.g. the Drochia
centre) and to be protected by a legal framework additionally backed-up by a mechanism for its
enforcement (victims protection act). Achievements in the real protection of victims have helped to
ensure that the government supports 50% of the cost of the Drochia centre in 2011, and will fund 100% as
of 2012,30thus showing its ownership of the policy and its commitment with the positive results. This
achievement additionally opens space to beginaddressing an additional aspect of domestic violence; the
work with the aggressors. First steps have already been implemented in Drochia where infrastructure for a
“perpetuators’ centre” and resources for the renovation of this infrastructure have already been made
available.
6.2 Relevance
Finding 2: The CP’s strategies were highly relevant regarding the countries’ priorities and have
been able to produce results, which go far beyond what can be expected from UNFPA
interventions, whose areas of expertise are related to RH, P&D and Gender. For instance, in
Moldova UNFPA interventions have been able to produce facts on the ground, which fit precisely
into Moldova’s political strategy of confidence building measures for a possible future
Transnistrian reintegration. UNFPA Moldova has been able to select adequate intervention
strategies and adjust them to the circumstances. Through a systematic effort in furthering and
delivering through joint programming and coordinated interventions with other UN agencies, the
UNFPA has managed to be more resourceful, attaining results they would not have been able to
achieve alone, creating synergies with other UN’s and other partners’ activities, thus becoming an
invaluable actor within the UN reform process.
Considering past, current and future development priorities set out by different governments of Moldova;
the thematic areas addressed by the UNFPA CP arehighly relevant. The CP is fully in line with the
UNDAF 2007-2011, since the UNDAF and the UNFPA CP havebeen put together in a parallel planning
process, initiated in 2005, and being in line at the time with the development priorities of the communist
government ruling the country until 2009. Even after the government change to a Western Europe
oriented democracy, social development priorities did not change importantly. Hence UNFPA CP’s
prioritiesregarding reproductive health, population development and youth and gender remained on the
top of the reconfirmed agenda for social development.
30
Information provided by MrSimionSirbu, director of the centre.

Outcome Evaluation
The NDS 2008-2011 defines the MDGs as a long-term strategic development set of goals for Moldova
and human rights as medium term priorities. The reintegration of Transnistria and the improvement of the
quality of health services are defined as other prominent goals.
The NDS 2008-2011 did not provide a deep level of definition of activities for implementing priority
policies. However, the Government Activity Programme 2010-2014 closes this gap providing more
insight on how the development goals are expected to be achieved through policy implementation. Health,
gender, demographic policies and youth are defined by the new document as priority sectors for
activities.Themes and strategies defined bythe UNFPA CP by end of 2005 also remain highly relevant to
the new Government Activity Programme as shows Box 1 below.
Box 1: Examples of UNFA CP’s alignment with GoM Activity Programme 2010-201431
HEALTH
Objectives (selected)
• Guarantee all Moldovan citizens have access to quality public health, healthcare and
pharmaceutical services, including for the purpose of achieving the Millennium Development
Goals
• Ensure access of the population to quality, efficient, harmless and affordable medicines
Government priority activities (selected)
• Upgrade primary healthcare for family and community
• Increase the role of local governments in the final stage of decentralization by implementing
financial contribution mechanisms at local levels to upgrade the territorial healthcare institutions
GENDER
Objective (selected)
• Ensure equal opportunities in the social-economic area
• Implement the 2010-2015 National Programme on Gender Equality
• Ensure protection of the victims of domestic violence through the efficient execution of
protection ordinances by law enforcement bodies
• Ensure access of victims of domestic violence to assistance and rehabilitation, by providing
support in the development of specialized services for the victims of domestic violence and
assistance centres/services for domestic violence aggressors
• Develop the system of legal counselling and assistance provided free-of-charge to the victims of
domestic violence
• Build the capacities of the specialists dealing with domestic violence cases
• Encourage non-violent education and build the capacities of the school system for timely
31
Priorities defined in the GoM Activity Programme 2010-2014 are cited

Outcome Evaluation
detection and prevention of cases of domestic violence, as well as finding solutions for these
• Engage men in preventing and combating violence against women, including domestic violence
DEMOGRAPHIC POLICIES
Objective (selected)
• Consistently address the demographic challenges in order to reduce population decline and create
conducive conditions for population growth, in terms of quantity and quality, making the link
between the demographic security and the economic and social security for development
purposes.
• Approve and implement the National Demographic Security Strategy, giving priority to policies
aimed at boosting the birth rate, reducing morbidity and mortality rates
• Ensure efficient management of population ageing issues; include the objectives of adapting to
changes in population structure and improving the quality indicators of the human capital for
better productivity in the development strategies
• Create the Demographic Centre in the Academy of Sciences to deal with research and scientific
evidence for demographic policies, identification of monitoring and impact assessment
mechanisms
YOUTH
• Social integration of youth and development of their potential
• Ensure access of youth to education and information services
• Build up the human and institutional capacities of the youth associative sector.
REINTEGRATION OF TRANSNISTRIA
• Create conditions propitious for the real integration of the Transnistrian region in the economic,
information, political, social and cultural areas of the Republic of Moldova.
• Mobilize our external partners’ efforts in the process of Transnistrian conflict settlement.

• Undertake confidence building measures; enhance inter-human relations, engage the residents of
the region in the transformation and Europeanization of the Republic of Moldova
• Develop a dialogue with the administration, businesses and civil society in the Transnistrian
region in order to create a conducive environment for country reintegration
• Develop and implement joint projects, including the support of external partners, which would
lead to a better life of thepopulations on both banks of the Nistru river and would create a
propitious environment for the "5+2" negotiations
Source: Government of Moldova Activity Plan 2010-2014

Outcome Evaluation
“Rethink Moldova” is the title of third planning document published by the new government in 2009.
“Rethink Moldova” complements the development goals defined in the NDS 2008-2011 with the vision
of the Government for achieving a five-pillar reform agenda: European integration, economic recovery,
rule of law, decentralization and reintegration of the country. These pillars were put together after the
definition of European Integration as a long-term political goal. Regarding social policies, all priorities
defined in the NDS remain untouched.
Currently the GoM is drafting a new National Development Strategy for the period 2012 – 2020 with the
working title of “Moldova 2020”, which should be approved before end of 2011. A draft text of
“Moldova 2020” available in late July 2011 showed that, compared to the previous NDS, the Government
Activity Plan and Rethink Moldova, the new document is much more focused on economic growth and
resource mobilization for future development. At least in the draft text, no specific chapter onhealth and
on demographic policies can be found. 32 Duringa meeting held in late July in Chisinau between the
Government and donors 33 , government officials explained that the social and sector development
strategies already defined in standalone documents remain valid and unchanged regarding their content.
The government sustains that the social development agenda is hence already defined and that Moldova
2020 should be considered as a complementary resource mobilization strategy to the social development
agenda.
Strategies and Partnerships
Regarding strategies to be pursued by UNFP, the CPAP specifically mentions that the following
pointswill be used for the implementation of specific activities under each output of the programme, as
well as for provision of UNFPA technical and operational support to implementation:
• Advocacy and Policy Dialogue;

• Building and Using a Knowledge Base;
• Promoting, Strengthening and Coordinating Partnerships; and
• Developing Systems for ImprovingPerformance strategies
All of these strategies have clearly been used and have been carried outin most of the CPAP components
to the expected results (as described in other parts of this report). Advocacy and Policy Dialogue were
clearly used as first stepsfor the construction of an institutional framework for P&D policies. The strategy
of building a knowledge base was pursued in support of the NBS and the use of knowledge can be seen in
the implementation of RH policies on the ground. The strengthening of partnerships is present in the
successful implementation of joint programmes together with other UN agencies and in the work in
Transnistria. The development of systems for improving performance strategies has been used
successfully in the area of reproductive health. This evaluation considers that the strategies have been
32
So far, seven priorities have been defined for Moldova 2020: Studies (relevant for career); Roads (good,
everywhere); Finance (accessible and inexpensive); Business (clear and appropriate rules); Energy (safely delivered
and efficiently used); Social Insurance (equitable and sustainable) and Justice (responsible and incorruptible).
33
This evaluation had the opportunity of being present as a guest during the meeting.

Outcome Evaluation
adapted to the environment in which they have been implemented; they would otherwise not have been
successful. The UNFPA CO management and team have been able to select for each component the
adequate intervention strategy and have been able to adapt them to the circumstance. One example here
can be the change of strategy for LSBE from its inclusion in the teaching curricula to peer-to-peer
education.
UNFPA MOLDOVA has adjusted its programme modalities and interventions to the internal UN reform
process, which seeks for a closer cooperation between different UN agencies. Through the UNDAF, as a
planning and coordination framework, a joint programming and deeper coordination is encouraged in
Moldova. Immediately since the beginning of the first CP cycle in 2007, UNFPA has beeninvolved in
joint activities together with WHO (in emergency medicine, in the training health cabinet staff and in
commodity security), together with UNICEF and WHO (YFHS) and together with UNDP, UNICEF, ILO
and UN Women (Joint Programme for Capacity Building in the generation of development statistics) is
supported. Given that UNFPA has a considerably small budget framework, working together with other
agencies in joint programming helps UNFPA to achieve results, which would not have been achieved if
UNFPA were acting alone. The success in the R&D component, for example, benefited clearly from the
joint programme on statistics, since this programme helped to provide the necessary information for
putting together the Green Book on Population, and consequently the demographic security strategy.
Ensuring commodity security is clearly more successful since it can build on the WHO supported health
cabinets and improvements in the gender component regarding the legislation and state intervention in
domestic violence shows clear synergies with the high level of attention and programmatic support
provided to the sector of human rights by UNDP and UNHCR.
6.3 Effectiveness and Efficiency
Finding 3: Effectiveness
The UNFPA CP implementation was highly effective. Three out of five quantitative targets have
been fully achieved while one (LSBE) continues to record concrete and substantial progress and
one, i.e. the commodity security, has not been fully achieved. This is however not the result of a lack
of capacity or commitment on the part of UNFPA but rather the result of circumstances entirely
beyond the graspof UNFPA, which made the objective of ensuring national commodity security
difficult to achieve
Finding 4: Efficiency
Despite the many structural and administrative constraints that could have significantly affected
internal efficiency and restricted the margins of operations of the UNFPA CO team, the
implementation of activities has been efficient from all perspectives. This suggests that addressing
the structural and administrative weaknesses would enable the CO to better meet the programme
delivery requirements
6.3.1 Effectiveness
Effectiveness measures if products and services delivered by the programme’s implementation have
helped to achieve the expected targets and thus move forward towards the expected outcomes. Table

Outcome Evaluation
2shows at a glance the achieved progress towards the established targets. The impact of this progress on
development outcomes will be discussed in Chapter 6.4 on the impact and degree of change.
In the CPAP, six specific outputs have been defined, and quantitative target indicators have been
definedfor five of them. We can confirm a full achievementfor three out of these five indicators. Table 1
shows a complete achievement of targets for safe behaviour regarding HIV/AIDS, population and
development policies and monitoring of domestic violence, and important improvements can be observed
regarding reproductive health education. The only target with modest achievements is commodity
security.
Table 2: Achievement of output targets

ExpectedOutcom Outputtargetsand Target Degree of
ExpectedOutputs
es indicators achievement34 achievement35
(B)
(A) (C) (D) (E)
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Outcome1 Output 1.1 Outputindicators: LSBE only 80%
Allchildren,especia Educationonsexualand Percentageofchildrenand optional in
lly reproductivehealththat youthcoveredbylifeskills- school curricula.
themostvulnerable, is basededucation,bothinand No data available
enjoy accesstoearly promotedwithinthescho outofschoolandin regarding
childhoodcare, ol rural/urbanareas optional
development curriculaandthroughnon- coverage
programmesandhig formal Baseline:
h- programmesisexpandedt Approximately
85%intheacademicyear200
qualitybasiceducati oreach 200,000 (source:
5–2006
on themostvulnerablegroup UNFPA)
inschoolsand30,000outofsc
s
hools
Outcome2 Output 2.1 Outputindicators: 40.8% 100%
Peopleofreproducti Increasedavailabilityof Percentageofyoungpeople (2009, Indicators
ve counsellingandinformati aged15-24 years, framework
ageadoptsafebehavi on servicesonsexualand disaggregatedbygender,who National Aids
our andseekhealth reproductivehealth,and correctlyidentifywaysto Centre
commoditiesand HIV/AIDSandSTIpreve preventthesexualtransmissi MOLDOVA)
information on ntionfor youngpeople on ofHIVandwhoreject
HIV/AIDS,STIsan misconceptionsaboutHIV
d transmission
reproductivehealth
Baseline:
28.3%
Outcome3 Output 3.1 Outputindicators: RH cabinets 40%
Allindividuals, Mechanismsstrengthene %ofRHcabinetsusingLMIS using LMIS:
especiallythemost d for supervisory and 100% (Source:
vulnerable,enjoy monitoring UNFPA)
Reproductive health
improvedaccessto systems,includingfor commodity security
essential,good- quality assurancein systeminplace Commodity
34
Last available information from July 2011
35
This is a subjective assessment of the evaluator, indicating approximate results.

Outcome Evaluation
quality health care comprehensive security system is
reproductive health Baseline: covering
service delivery, and for · 60% currently only
reproductive health post-cases of
· No
commodity security post-abortion
under
compulsory
medical
insurance
POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Outcome4 Output 4.1 Outputindicators: NPC existent 100%
Pro-poorpolicies Institutionalcapacitydev Nationalpopulationcouncil Strategy for
addressingdevelop elopedto establishednumberandqualit Demographic
ment establishasystemtocolle yof Security
andpopulationare ctand populationpoliciesinitiated developed and
formulated, analysedisaggregated about to be
implementedand demographicandpopulat Baseline: approved
monitoredina iondata, Foundation of
NPCnon-existent
transparentand andtoformulatenationalp Demographic
participatorymanne olicies Noholisticpopulation
Centre approved
r andmonitortheirimpleme policies.
ntation andimpact
Outcome5 Output 5.1 Outputindicators: N/A N/A
Improvedreadiness Age- Numberofactionswithinplan
to specificneeds,reproducti addressingage-specific,
preventandmitigate ve health gender,andRHneedsand
naturalandman- andgenderintegratedinto rightsofclaimholders
made disasters a
comprehensiveandcoher Baseline:
ent contingencyplanfora
N/A
humanitarianresponseto
emergencies
GENDER
Outcome6 Output 6.1 Outputindicators:Managem A referral system 100%
Vulnerablegroupse Institutionalcapacitystre ent informationsystemto for gender based
njoy ngthened monitorgender-based violence is in
improvedaccessto inselectedregionstoensur violencecasesinplace place in selected
qualitysocialprotec e inselectedregions regions, which
tion effectiveprevention,mon not only manages
services,including itoring, Baseline: case information
systemstopreventan protectionandsupportsys MISnon-existent but also the
d tems addressinggender- process of legal
protectwomenfrom basedviolence assistance and if
violence,abuse, necessary shelter
exploitationanddisc for the victims.
rimination
Source: CPAP for columns A, B and C. Columns D and E were elaborated by the evaluators
In Chapter 6.1, Status of the Outcome, the progress made regarding outputs has been described as well as
how these outputs are expected helping moving forward towards the envisaged outcomes. A chain of
cause and effect has been shown. According to findings and assessment of this evaluation, all causal

Outcome Evaluation
relations have proved to work out as expected, when it comes to the link between outputs and outcomes.
In some cases the progress towards the outcomes is lower then in others as will be discussed below. In
these cases generally the expected output has not fully be achieved. Hence a lower level of output leads to
a lower level of progress towards the outcome. It is important to mention that in no case a lower level of
outcome was consequence of a misunderstood or badly established link between causes end effects,
between the nature of outputs and their link with expected outcomes.
Reproductive Health
RH training
At a primary level, a number of reproductive health (RH) services, including family planning (FP), are
provided by a network of 47 RH/FP cabinets, mostly located in rayon centres, which should in principle
take a holistic and comprehensive approach to sexual and reproductive health services and information.
Underthe current situation, the purpose of the RH/FP network has to expand to embrace.
UNFPA has been actively supporting Family Planning and Reproductive Health (FP/RH) in the Republic
of Moldova, including the Training of Trainers (TOT), for over fifteen years - the very first TOT for
FP/RH district coordinators in Moldova was held in January 1995. Thereafter, with the support of the
UNFPA CO, the team of national trainers in FP/RH have trained around 1400 family medicaldoctors (of
an official total number of 2200 in the country) and 1600 nurses (of a total of 5000 in the country) in this
field.36 By the end of the current CPAP, it is planned for UNFPA to have facilitated the training in FP/RH
of all family doctors in Moldova. It is anticipated that a probable priority of the next CPAP cycle will be
completing the FP/RH training of all nurses in Moldova. It is necessary to complete FP training for all
primary care doctors and nurses, especially since the “fear” of dealing with hormonal
contraceptionremains.
The Ministry of Health has requested assistance to update the training curriculum for medical
practitioners, including an additional module on domestic violence. The national team of trainers are
expected to undertake a revision and update of the training curriculum as mentioned above.
Commodity security
Commodity security remains a serious issue in Moldova. UNFPA Moldova has been able to establish
andimplement a nationwide LMIS system for commodity security monitoring, but in spite of intensive
advocacy efforts it has still not been possible to achieve commodity security through a firm commitment
of national authorities to provide them free of charge to all vulnerable groups. Nevertheless, the achieved
commitment to provide them at least for one (a first) vulnerable group (post-abortion) can be considered
as a step in the right direction and a positive sign for the future.
36
Source for all data - UNFPA

Outcome Evaluation
Available data suggest significant rural-urban inequities in the availability of contraceptives - condoms,
oral contraceptives, IUDs and injectables are found in significantly fewer rural health facilities compared
to their availability in urban facilities37.
Although the use of modern contraceptive methods has increased, there is still an unmet need as
evidenced by the number of unwanted pregnancies and consequent resort to induced abortion. Despite the
fact that legislation in the Republic of Moldova permits abortionuponrequest, unsafe abortions account for
37.5% of maternal deaths 38 and abortion remains amajormethodofbirthcontrol. Availability of trained
medical staff, thereby providing better access to services, has to be complemented by easy and
appropriate access to supplies, especially for vulnerable groups.
Thus, having trained large numbers of family doctors under various UNFPA supported initiatives, as well
as having supported the procurement of modern contraceptives; theUNFPA supported in 2010 the first
rapid review of the present status of Reproductive Health Commodity Security (RHCS) in Moldova.39The
review found that the most significant change since the June 2005 mission is the initiation of UNFPA
programme activities to support RH/FP services, including procurement and distribution of contraceptives
free of charge in the Transnistria region. Furthermore, the importance of having a LMIS in place was
recognized by the review. However, the authors criticised that the FP training offered to primary health
care providers had not addressed how to use it; hence users do not necessarily understand the need for the
data collection and have difficulties in completing forms and using the system in general.
Through its concentration of improve service quality via medical staff training outside the Chisinau area,
UNFPA efforts reach the more vulnerable population in small urban or rural areas and specifically in
Transnistria. Commodity security by providing free of charge commodities are targeted to low-income
groups of population.
RH education and YFHS

Even if reproductive health education has not been successfully included in official school curricula as a
mandatory subject forteaching40, peer education has been scaled-up to try andreach out to the same target
group outside institutional teaching. Taking a look at peer education alone, the activity can be considered
as a 100% success. Peer education has been institutionalized from the Ministry of Health. Already back in
2005, peer education was included in the Reproductive Health Strategy as an approved method for health
education. The Ministry of Education has also indorsed it as an alternative outreach method. In response
to this, peer educators frequently address school directors asking for permission to offer their peer-to-peer
training activities inside schools. Frequently this permission is granted. Performing peer educators have
also been created for outreach activities on RH and youth. There are some critical voices in Moldova who
37
Review of Experience of Family Medicine in Europe and Central Asia: Moldova Case Study - World Bank, May
2005
38
UNFPA Moldova – Rapid review of commodity security, June 2010.
39
UNFPA Moldova, June 2010 (Mission Report of Katy J Shroff and Mihai Corciova)
40
We are referring to a LSBE approach for reproductive health education, which includes modern concepts and
content delivered to adolescents of both sexes in an understandable language, which they themselves address with
openness and interest. Of course, there are aspects of reproductive health included in the current curricula, but these
are not up to date in scope, approach, concepts and the way they are being communicated.

Outcome Evaluation
state that peer education has so far not been able to show that it has an impact on HIV/AIDS prevalence
rates. According to the understanding of this evaluation, peer education is not meant to reduce HIV/AIDS
prevalence but avoid its increase through higher infection rates among adolescents. In this sense, the peer
education strategy has been fully successful in Moldova, since the increase of HIV/AIDS
prevalenceamong adolescents is slower than the increase in other groups (see Chapter 6.4 on impact).
In the Moldovan context, peer education activities have proved to be a perfect complement to
institutionalized reproductive health services, which are systematically provided by the Ministry of Health
through two different channels; on the one hand, through specific Youth Friendly Health Services
(YFHS) (see Box 2), and on the other hand, through the reproductive health cabinets.On the one hand,
public health staff (doctors and nurses) has been trained in up-to-date RH service and treatment
approaches and they have also been provided with previously non-existent knowledge support material
for their daily work. UNFPA not only delivered and produced (printed) teaching materials for the
trainings; UNFPA also developed and produced gynaecological handbooks and manuals in order to
facilitate correct diagnostics and to provide correct procedures in RH problem treatment. 41 These training
materials represent an invaluable support for on the job training since they are the only existing ones in
the country. Training materials are developed by UNFPA in Romanian and in Russian for their use in
Transnistria.
Box 2: Case Study - Youth Friendly Health Centres (YFHC)42

Moldova embarked on the road of reforming its health system that targets youth after the Inter-Agency
Group (WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA) adopted the Youth Friendly Health Services (YFHS) Concept in
2001. The concept is based on capacity and service creation for addressing youth health needs, such as
problems related to drug consumption, reproductive health, or HIV/AIDS, in a youth-friendly way.
The first steps taken in 2001-2003 were to establish pilot YFHCs and, in parallel, to advocate for a
policy development on YFHCs, capacity building for service providers within existing services, and for
the development of national norms and standards for quality YFS.
Several new norms and standards regarding health service provision have been established following
the initial donor input for YHCS. The Ministry of Health approved the national concept of YFHCS in
November 2005. Additionally, the government developed the National Strategy on Reproductive
Health for 2005-2015. Improvementsinreproductive health and the promotion of a sexual education
programme for adolescents are part of the Strategy. Furthermore, the Ministry of Health approved the
Youth Friendly Health Services (YFHS) Quality Standards in June 2009. They are focusing on seven
priorities in adolescents’ health – STI/HIV/AIDS prevention and control, Mental Health problems and
substance abuse, psycho-emotional and personality disorders, violence, nutritional disorders, including
malnutrition and developmental disorders.
41
The production of handbooks and manuals was implemented together with WHO.
42
For the present UNFPA CP evaluation no field visit to YFHC was implemented. However, the lead author of this
report was earlier in 2011 part of the UNDAF evaluation mission, where he conducted the YFHC field visit and case
study.

Outcome Evaluation
YFHCS have proven that they reached out to their targeted population and that they have been
accepted. A recent assessment (2009) implemented by UNFPA on YFHCS services shows that
more than 70% of young people know when and where to ask for health services, 68% consider
that YFHCS respect youth confidentiality and intimacy and 67% consider that young people
have easy access to health services needed by them atthe right moment. Young people appear to be
well informed about condoms; the method is well used, easily accessible and sold at several outlets.
YFHCS services reach out to Transnistria.
“In the YFHCS I have been able to talk to a gynaecologist who did not make me feel ashamed at all
talking and thinking about having sex with my boyfriend before marriage” – (a YFHCS focus group
participant).
Youth and young adulthood are risky and hence vulnerable periods in each person’s lives. By nature they
are periods of change. The initiation of sexual activity exposes to the risk of HIV/AIDS and STI, difficult
transitions from school to work, first periods of independent live outside the family and the general
propensity of a more risky behaviour at that specific stage of live paint a panorama of permanent threat
for this age group. However, these multiple risks are addressed by public services in a much lower degree
than for example risks existing during early childhood. UNFPA interventions try to reduce to some
degree some of the risks youth is facing.
Population and Development
The full achievementexpected result in the P&D component is based mainly on two facts, according to
the findings of this evaluation; first, massive migration and demographic change is a relatively recent
phenomenon in Moldova and second, virtually no policy or institutional setup existed before 2007 to
address these phenomena. Massive migration did not start in Moldova untila decade ago and strong social
and economic impacts were not felt before the middle of the last decade. However, when these impacts
beganto be felt,little knowledge on demographic issues existed, there was no demographic policy, and no
institutional framework for an implementation of such a policy existed at all.
Recognizing the importance of demographic trends and the lack of policies to address these, UNFPA
Moldova correctly fulfilled one of its core mandates, starting to address these issues together with
government authorities, thusmaking full use of its strategic positioning of being the principle UN agency
in the country for addressing demographics and making use of thisexpertise as a global agency.
UNFPA has been able to address this problem effectively through a process of several stages; at first
generating information (the green book) and awareness, then creating the institutional platform (the
demographic commission), which would be able to provide a policy response, the elaboration of policies
(the strategy for demographic security) and the still pending step to broaden the institutional platform (the
demographic institute) with the idea that the institute will provide permanent input of new information for
holding policy response up to date.

Outcome Evaluation
However, more specific activities thangeneral demographic policies are required to comprehensively
address the impact of migration and demographic change. The UNFPA Moldova country office is aware
ofthe fact that migration and ageing population are the principal threats and challenges in this context and,
together with partners,has already implemented several studies in order to better understand how these
phenomenacan be addressed.43
Acomprehensivedemographicanalysis ofthepopulationin Moldova(Green Book of Population)has

beencarried outwith supportfromtheUNFPAMoldova andindicates
thatthecountrywillbeconfrontedwithadecreaseinpopulationsize(Matei, Paladi,Sainsus,&Gagauz,2009)
ofup to 20% by 2050, dueto reducedfertilityrates andincreasedout-migration. Moreover,
thenumberofmarriages hasalready decreased, divorces haveincreased,andthenumberofchildrenoutof
wedlockhas increased,especiallyin ruralareas.Internationalmigrationis
asignificantphenomenonintheregion.Duetoeconomicdifficulties,
manypeoplefromMoldovaareleavingtoworkinothercountries.Sixteenpercentoftheactive labourforcein
Moldovais workingabroad (aboutathirdofmigrants areillegal)(Luecke,
Mahmoud,&Steinmayr,2009).About30%ofMoldovan childrenarelivingwithoutoneorbothparents
(Sarbu,2007). Thenumberofchildrenwithout familycarehas considerablyincreasedas a result of parental
migration(177,069in2006andmorethan 200,000in2007).
Consequently, theattentionto familyissues and familypolicyis anecessarystep,for the next UNFPA CO

cycle, intheefforttocontrolthedemographicconcerns.Similarlywithothercountriesintheregion,
thenumberofeducationalprogrammes andservices focusedspecificallyonfamiliesiscurrently
limitedinMoldova.Whilepsychology,sociologyorsocial workdepartments
arepresentatuniversitylevel,programmesfocusedonfamilies,suchas Family
Studies,FamilyPsychology,orFamilyCounselling,donotexist,resultinginashortageoflocal familyscholars
andpractitioners.
The aforementioned facts show clearly how the UNPA has been able to effectively address the
knowledge, institutional and policy gaps regarding the situation of P&D given before 2007. At the same
time, implemented strategies by UNFPA have given valuable input to initiate a process of awareness and
debate regarding P&D, whichbymid-2011 has evolved to new levels of understanding. The need for
additional policy action beyond a strategy for demographic security has been understood. UNFPA has a
key role in the future of this process. Aware of its limited possibility of action in this field, the UNFPA
has already initiated the creation of alliances engaging Moldovan government institutions with
international partners, which can support future policy processes in different ways. For example,
following suggestions from UNFPA, the demographic commission from the Moldovan Parliamenthas
already applied for membership in the European Parliamentary Forum on Population and Development
and a MoU has been signed between the UN International Institute of Ageing in Malta and UNFPA
Moldova regarding collaboration for the period 2011-2014.
43
Amongst others, M. Robila et al, Family Policy for the Republic of Moldova, November 2010; UNECE, Road
Map for mainstreaming Ageing in Moldova, Prefinal Draft 2011; J. Troisi, Mission Report from the advisory
Mission from the UN International Institute of Ageing, March 2011.

Outcome Evaluation
Gender
The implementation of the gender component of the UNFPA’s CP during the period under review made
many significant contributions to the improvement of the institutional framework and social context
needed to promote gender equality and to advance the rights ofwomen and girls, particularly in terms of
reproductive health rights.
The programme assisted the Government and NGOs in strengthening the capacities and capabilities of
institutions working in the field of gender equality, domestic violence and women to enable them to
advocate for their empowerment in all areas of development, as well as to promote and protect their rights
including their sexual and reproductive health and rights. In this regard, efforts by the Ministry of Labour,
Social Protection and Family and other stakeholders supported under this programme, in ensuring the
enforcement of existing laws that have been promulgated towards eliminating all practices that negatively
affect women’s rights, have resulted in accelerating the enactment of some of the following laws and
national strategies or the enforcement of others, for example:
• Law on Preventing and Combating Domestic Violence

• The referral system for GBV
• National Demographic Security Strategy
• National Strategy on Ensuring Equality between women and men
There is no separate programme on gender equality within the current CP, although it is one of the three
core programme areas of the UNFPA in Moldova. The increased focus on gender equality emerged from
UNFPA’s support for human rights issues and its involvement in women’s empowerment and a high level
of responsefrom the UNFPA country team.
While women in Moldova have equal rights under marital and inheritance laws, according to the
Constitution, decision-making in the family context is in practice mainly a male domain with women
having a lower status and being economically dependent on men, especially in rural areas. In public life,
the situation is almost the same, women are under-represented in high positions at the decision-making
levels, but much progress has been achieved over last years.
So far, UNFPA’s engagement on gender equality issues has included responding to gender issues with a
special focus on gender-based violence (GBV), by building new networks and partnerships amongst the
UN agencies, government and NGOs. UNFPA has played an important role in supporting policy dialogue
and advocacy leading on to the development of the National Strategy on Gender Equality and on sex-
disaggregated data joint project, implemented by NBS.
Since 2008, the evaluation found that UNFPA had played an influential and leading role in advancing the
agenda towards gender equality in Moldova. Discussions with stakeholders and other partners confirmed
the value of the intensive support provided by UNFPA through its leadership of the Technical joint
meeting.

Outcome Evaluation
Stakeholders highly appreciated the usefulness of the related training that UNFPA had so far supported.
The MLSPF would welcome extending gender-related training across the public service in Moldova,
particularly to staff in Ministries and with local multi-disciplinary teams dealing with DV cases in
communities. It is needed to also extend beyond training to changes in organizational structures, work
systems and the capacity of the organizations themselves. Changing attitudes regardinggender-related
issues is not easy. It will take time as patriarchal behaviour is likely to be entrenched and gender
promotion may be perceived as a challenge to traditional male roles.
While a needs assessment has not yet been undertaken, separate discussions with the MLSPF, the UNFPA
and members of the Government Counterpart Evaluation Group suggested that there are only a limited
number of government institutions and staff that already have knowledge and skills in gender equality
analysis and gender mainstreaming. Beyond supporting attitudinal change, it is obvious that capacity
development in Ministries is now needed to help build the necessary research, analytical and policy
development skills related to gender issues that will assist government in progressing all national
strategies and plans regarding UNFPA’s areas of concern.
It is important when supporting capacity development in gender to overcome any unfounded assumptions
regarding gender that policy-makers might have, for example, that the interests of women are always the
same as men. Policy analysis has to include analysis using a gender lens. This approach is crucial to
health policies, aging and pension system reforms, and education and poverty reduction.
The UNFPA CP has contributed considerably to strengthening the capacity building of its partners. This
evaluation found that in most partner institutions “gender change agents” are already in place and thus
their major task may become more explicit, with regard to influencing change towards the
institutionalization of theHuman Rights Based Approach and Gender (HRBA and GE). However, partners
still seem to not be fully acquainted with gender mainstreaming. This highlights the importance of the
next stepsof the CP, which have to be focused on capacity building in HRBA and GM out of the
accomplishment of their specific professional trainings. In some institutions, it was obvious that it must
begin with sensitization on gender as many representatives still have a stereotyped idea about this concept
(such as equating gender to women).
UNFPA Moldova has a good partnership with civil society in Moldova (NGOs, media and academic
groups), but the most fruitful collaboration is established with non-governmental organizations. Thus, up
to 10 NGOs(in Chisinau and the regions) are UNFPA’s partners on a systematic basis. NGOs enjoyed a
very friendly environment working within UNFPA and its activities have played a major role in
strengthening CSO’s capacities, especially those from communities (e.g. Law Centre in Causeni,
“Artemida” Association in Drochia, etc.), by facilitating a series of trainings and seminars and workshops
on many topics related to gender discrimination, and particularly on gender-based violence.
Box 3: CSO work on Gender

Outcome Evaluation
UNFPA’s work with CSOs aimed to put together each partners’ expertise and skills for the
implementation of public campaigns to raise awareness about different gender issues (e.g. domestic
violence and gender discrimination, as well as women’s situation or the father role in raising children,
etc.). A wide outreach had the hotline for victims of Domestic Violence (DV) implemented by La
Strada NGOin Moldova, as well as the renowned and moving exhibition called “Voiceless witnesses”
representing many female figures – victims of DV, made in wood or paper), carried out annually by
Gender-Centru (NGO in Chisinau) within the National campaign “16 Days against domestic violence”.
Also, UNFPA initiated for the first time in Moldova, in 2009, The Family Festival and the event
became so popular that it is now carried out annually, in partnership with governmental and non-
governmental organizations, as well as other UN agencies and donors in Moldova.
Strategies for effectiveness
In Chapter 6.2 (Relevance),traditional strategies for programme implementation,such asadvocacy or the

use of knowledge as vehicles, whichcan be used to bring about expected results, have already been
discussed. Compared to many other donors in Moldova, UNFPA faces the special condition of having
very limited financial resources. This limitation increases pressure on UNFPA of “being resourceful
rather than having a lot of resources”. In order to be resourceful, to the understanding of this evaluation,
UNFPA has been quite creative in the implementation of a second set of strategies, which can be
understood as strategies which help to move the implementation vehicles (advocacy, use of knowledge,
etc.) forward in the required scope, even with limited resources. We consider that it is worthwhile to take
a look at these strategies. Concepts for these progress strategies, which help the delivered products and
services to be effective, are developed in Box 4.
Box 4: Concepts for effectiveness strategies

In order to respond comprehensively the question of a results achievement strategy we propose the use
of the following (non-official UN of UNFPA) evaluation criteria:44
• Strategy forPreparing Change: this strategy includes activities foradvocacy for the necessary
attention that should be given to important issues or new concepts or technical approaches for
policy interventions
• Strategy forEnabling Change: this strategy includes activities forpreparing the necessary bases
of a change, such as the adjustment of legal or institutional frameworks
• Strategy for“Fuelling” Change (putting fuel into a process of): this strategy includes activities,
which allow an already initiated process of change to move forward. It is important to maintain
a distinction between the idea of “fuelling” change which refers more to inputs which keep this
process going and/or help it to improve its quality and more widely used/known concepts such
as driving change (the driver of policy change for example is expected to be the government)
44
These definitions are formulated by the author of this evaluation and cannot be found in literature.

Outcome Evaluation
and speeding up or scaling-up change, which refer to the scope and the velocity of change.
To a certain degree, the defined categories can help to understand up to which stage a change process
has been progressed. Considering if these stages refer, for example, to a process of updating legal or
institutional frameworks, or of updating concepts and technologies for policy implementation (public
services) or of real changes occurring already on the ground affecting people’s lives, we can get a
clearer idea regarding how immediate CP strategies (advocacy, use of knowledge, partnerships, etc.)
are able to bring about a quick and sustainable change on the ground (impact).
Taking into consideration the concepts proposed in Box 4,the effectiveness of UNFPA CP
implementation can be re-assessed. Certainly, insights from this exercise also refer to effectiveness as an
impact.
RH-Strategies
For the implementation of the RH component in the Moldovan territory (excluding Transnistria) we can
find the strategy of Fuelling Change.Many of the RH activities are concentrating ontraining and capacity
building, frequently as well as a complementary activity for projects financed by other donors (for
example, in the emergency health sector where UNFPA builds upon WHO’s work). The strategy
frequently identifies existing activities where other donors provide the “hardware” (understood as a
necessary condition for change) and UNFPA provides the “software” (know-how, capacity building,
training) in order to create the required skills so that the existing hardware can be used accordingly, in
order to make the expected change happen.
For Transnistria, we can find an approach of Enabling Change. In Transnistria, given the absence of other
donors (in an early stage of the 2007-2011 period), the UNFPA concentrated on a strategy of Preparing
Change and later on Enabling Change. Even if there are no tangible results in the sense of legal or
institutional adjustments (given the special political status of Transnistria), it can clearly be seen that
UNFPA had to implement a complete process of Preparing, Enabling and Fuelling. Even if in the current
phase of implementation the element of capacity building (fuelling change) is the most visible, throughout
the complete programme cycle, UNFPA’s strategy in Transnistria focused mainly on Enabling Change.
P&D-Strategies
For the P&D component, we find a classic approach of building up from scratch, preparing change(green
book) and enabling change (population development department, demographic commission, and
demographic security strategy).This evaluation considers that the process shows a highly satisfactory
level of implementation so far, but the process has reached a bottleneck. Even if the strategy of
demographic security was approved, there is no clear picture regarding available resources and a feasible
strategy for its implementation. Additionally, even if a group of human resources already trained in
demographic issues (students having finished their masters degree in demographics supported by
UNFPA) does exist, these additional human resources might not be enough for a fruitful implementation.
Gender-Strategies

Outcome Evaluation
Regarding the gender component, we can see a strategy of Enabling Change, where UNFPA’s efforts
have helped putting “gender change agents” in place in different institutions and processes. In a second
approach, we can see the strategy of Fuelling Change through training, training materials and
awarenessraising. This is especially true for the case of the Drochia centre where the “hardware” of the
centre was financed by other donors (USAID, UNDP, OSCE) and UNFPA provided the “software”
(training) in place, thus making the change finally happen (the centre’s work would have been less
successful without UNFPA training).
6.3.2 Efficiency
When assessing the efficiency of the CP’s implementation we are asking for delivery. Has the UNFPA
been able to deliver planned services and products during the implementation period within the expected
timeframe, and additionally, has the timing of this delivery been appropriate for a dynamic progress
towards the expected results and has thisgenerated synergies?
This evaluation has not come across mayor efficiency constraints. All available COARs for the years
2007 to 2010 rate the category “percentage of outputs in (the) Annual Work Plans (AWP) which have
achieved their indicator targets” in the highest category (at least 75%). Of course, different CP
components show variation of their performance levels from year to year, but the overall efficiency of
delivery is always above 75%, and this way at levels, which can be accepted, as satisfactory. Taking into
account that COARs contain self-assessed information, this evaluation crosschecked with UNFPA’s
implementing partners (IPs) from the government side. IPs confirmed that they experience and consider a
high level of efficiency from the UNFPA side and highlight that they appreciate UNFPA’s commitment
and trustworthiness as a partner when it comes to the implementation of activities. High-level government
officials mentioned to this evaluation that according to their experience, once there is an agreement
regarding the implementation of a given activity, UNFPA fully fulfilstheir part in the shortest possible
timeframe. IPs highlighted to this evaluation that the “UNFPA is concerned about our success” and that
this concern helps IPs to accomplish in a better way their part of the CP implementation, recognizing
however that the government’s limitations are responsible for a bigger share of still existing efficiency
gaps.
This opinion is in line with UNFPA’s self-assessment in the COARs, which describe the most important
government limitations in the following way. Principle obstacles for an efficient CP implementation can
be found in “state structures (which are) not fully functional”; consequently “many programme activities
had to be adjusted andre-phased”; “scarce government resources to implement joint programmes with UN
agencies and obligations of Moldova as part of UN conventions” and“a slow decision making in the
partner institutions for advancing”.
All other UNFPA core management indicators such as staff capacity development, monitoring activities,
the participation in South-South capacity development, knowledge sharing, staff satisfaction, joint UN
programming (participation in UN reform) and accountability achieve high scores in the COAR UNFPA
self assessments 2007 to 2010. This evaluation has not found information, which would put the COAR,
results into doubt.

Outcome Evaluation
Leadership,ManagementandInstitutionalArrangements45
The UNFPA CO management and team has had a clear leadership in the implementation of the CP.
Leadership of the CO does not mean a lack of ownership from the government side. It rather means that
UNFPA was the leading force when it came to the proposal of innovative ideas (e.g. address aggressors
within the approach of domestic violence), concepts (e.g. ICPD principals for safe abortion),activities (e.g.
Family Day Festival) and outreach (e.g. programme activities in Transnistria), and used its advocacy
capacities to achieve governments ownership of these processes.
The initial programme budget for the 2007-2011 period was 1.25 million USD. UNFPA CO’s
management has further been able to raise an additional (approx.) 1 million USD from other donors. The
mobilized resources were financing mostly gender and RH component activities, but also supported
UNFPA’s activity in emergency response. Additional resources have been mobilized from the United
Nations Trust Fund for Human Security (UNTFHS), Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania
ODA), from the humanitarian response fund of UNFPA, from UN-DESA and from Orange (private
company / GSM operator). 46 Additional indirect financial and implementation support to UNFPAs
activities arose from joint implementation of projects together with other UN agencies, for example the
organization of the International Family Day (with UNIFEM and IOM), Transnistria programme (with
IOM), human rights activities (with UNDP) and maternal health and strengthening the capacity of the
health system (with WHO). 47
45
Since most of management aspects are related to the efficiency of implementation the authors of this evaluation
decided to include their aspects in the efficiency chapter.
46
Orange is the principle GSM operator in the country. The IT share in GDP composition in Moldova is near 10%.
National shareholders from Orange recognized in 2008 their social responsibility and the shareholders general
meeting instructed Orange to spend part of their revenues on social benefits for the country. Due to their expertise
and access to government, UN agencies are amongst the favourite partners for the Orange Foundation for the
implementation of joint projects. UNFPA is not the only UN partner for Orange.
47
Specifically the following long term joint programmes with UNFPA participation have been established:
• Protection and Empowerment of Victims of Human Trafficking and Domestic Violence in Moldova, since
2008, joint with UNDP, 20.2% financial contribution UNFPA.
• Strengthening the National Statistical System, since 2008, joint with UNDP, UNICEF, UN Women, 6%
financial contribution UNFPA.

Outcome Evaluation
Figure 1: Resource Gap in the UNFPA extended Country Programme for 2007-2012 (million USD)
PCA 0,25
Gender 0,1 0,3
0,3 0,3 Regular resources

P&D
Other resources
RH 0,6 0,4
Total 1,25 1
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5
Source: UNFPA CO Moldova
All positive results reported so far, have been achieved despite important staff and human resource
limitations inside the CO. High staff motivation and excellent management skills can account for the high
level of achieved results and suggests that a fully staffed CO would be able to perform even better. The
principal source of limitations in the office is the absence of BSB, for the payment of core staff salaries.
Having a full CP, UNFPA Moldova should have had BSB, according to corporate regulations, but in fact
never received it. Consequently, during the CP implementationUNFPA has been using about 25% of
project resources for paying salaries of the office staff. This kind of practice is formally not allowed, but
de facto tolerated from HQ. The fact that the CO does not count with BSB significantly narrows down its
operational capacity and advocacy potential. Additionally, a non-attractive classification of posts (and
their associated salaries) has resulted in six of the staff members (of usually 7 to 8 staff in the
CO)48leaving UNFPA Moldova CO in recent years. This staff turnover has seriously compromised the
overall capacity of the office and put at risk the CP implementation process. A fully operational office
would require at least one professional coordinator at NOA or NOB level for each programme
component, plus a desirable gender specialist. Upgrading positions would not mean having more staff in
the office, but being competitive, avoiding staff turnover and being able to use all project resources for
project implementation.
6.4 Impact / Degree of Change
Finding 5:
UNFPA’s activities and support have on the whole resulted in successful processes prompting
positive developments and trends in a range of RH, P&D and Gender areas. For instance, RH
48
In July 2011 the UNFPA CO team consisted of 4 core staff and 3 non-core staff, including the office driver.

Outcome Evaluation
health indicators related to programmes and activities supported by UNFPA show significant
improvements compared to indicators in health areas not supported by the Fund. Similarly, the
capacity building and policy advisory activities in P&D brought about important changes at the
institutional and policy formulation level, although it is yet at its early stages of implementation.
Programme and advocacy activities in the Gender, HRBA and gender equality GE component have
helped to successfully implement normative and policy changes and to institutionalize HRBA and
GE mainstreaming in policymaking and programme management. Here again, implementation is
at its early stages. Work implemented in Transnistria deserves special attention, where positive
results go far beyond technical and programme achievements in the RH component and achieve to
create confidence building measures on the ground and with Transnistrian authorities, perfectly in
line with governments strategy for reintegration of Transnistria. UNFPA carries the merit of being
a pioneer in this field.
Reproductive Health
Activities implemented under the UNFPA CP contribute to development trends that are under multiple
influences of government activities (policies and services), multi-donor activities and the participation
(e.g. behavioural change) of the people themselves who benefit from these activities. All principle
indicators for the RH sector show a positive trend and we can attribute that the implementation of the
UNFPA CP (this is joint action of UNFPA and their implementing public and private partners)
contributed to this trend. Some figures can give an impression about the general degree of change brought
about in the RH sector.
• The number of abortions(per year) dropped from 90,000 in the early 1990s to 14,000 (2008)
• This trend continues since the number of abortions for every livenew-born child dropped from 0.7
in 2000 to 0.4 in 2008
• The maternal mortality rate from dropped from 27 in 2000 to 17 in 2009
• The infant mortality rate dropped from 18 in 2000 to 12 in 2009
• The under five mortality rate dropped from 23 in 2000 to 14 in 2009
• The overall HIV incidence rate increasedfrom 4 in 2000 to 17 in 2009
• The HIV incidence rate population between 15 to 24 increased from 10 in 2000 to 19 in 2009
• National health costs/expenditure as share of GDPincreased from 3% in 2000 to 6% in 2009
These indicators show a clear positive impact on reproductive health policies and the use of
contraceptives but also show that there is still a lot of work to be done. HIV incidence increase for
adolescent population is less than half of what it is for the overall population. Even if we cannot establish
a causal link here in a scientific sense, the finding strongly suggests that peer-to-peer education has a
positive effect. Figure 2 shows in a more specific example how the capacity building in RH service
provision to vulnerable groups shows a positive impact, since HIV incidence among pregnant (screened)
women decreases constantly for the first time ever. The first year of decrease was 2007, coinciding with
the UNFPA CP cycle initiation.

Outcome Evaluation
Figure 2: Trends in HIV incidence among pregnant women screened for HIV
0.18%
0.17% 0.16%
0.14%
0.11% 0.11%
0.08%
0.00%
`2002 `2003 `2004 `2005 `2006 `2007 `2008 `2009
Source: National AIDS Centre Moldova
A second detailed example regarding positive impacts refers to public opinion regarding the sex and RH
education. Remember that conservative forces from church and political parties inhibited an obligatory
inclusion of RH education in school curricula. Table 3 below confirms that even in the population these
conservative trends exist, since roughly 1/3 of the respondents have concerns about the usefulness of sex
education (young males start sex earlier) or have moral concerns. However, the table also shows that the
share of population who considers that sex education should be taught in school is at least twice as big as
the share that have concerns against it. What is more, people consider the school as aneven more adequate
place for sex education than the family. Combining these findings with the fact that currently up to
200,000 children, adolescents in the future are living only with one or without eitherparent. For them,
without a doubt, RH and sex education at school is the best option. These findings confirm that UNFPA
should strongly insist in the future inclusion of LSBE in the school curricula and that the strategy of
bridging the period until this might happen with peer-to-peer education was the right decision.
Table 3:Views on sex education for young people, breakdown by residence type (%)
Significance
Statement Total Urban Rural
level
Sex education makes young people start sex earlier 29.7 21.9 32.1 0.002
Sex education is not in line with Christian moral norms 32.8 25.7 35.0 0.006
Sex education should be taughtby parents 48.6 44.8 49.8 >0.05
Sex education should be taught in school 65.2 70.8 63.5 0.004
Source: UNFPA Moldova, Women’s Vulnerability to HIV and AIDS in the Republic of Moldova 2010
Strategies pursued by UNFPA under the RH component focused on capacity building mainly on the
supply side of public services. In spite of positive impacts, there is also evidence that only addressing the
supply side of services does not ensure a complete solution of the problems or closing of existing gaps.
For example Under Five Mortality decreased from 23.3 in 2000 to 15.7 in 2005 and further on much
slower to only 14.3 in 2009. Similarly, Maternal Mortality dropped from 27.1 in 2000 to 18.6 in 2005 and

Outcome Evaluation
then to 17.2 in 2009 and the share of underweight newborn children even increased from 4.3 in 2000 to
5.3 in 2008. These findings suggest that even if the strategy of focusing on vulnerable groups generates an
impact, there is also a need to address the demand side aspects for services, trying to induce behavioural
changes in people. This evaluation strongly suggests that UNFPA should explore the possibilities of how
to best address demand side obstacles. Frequently demand side problems for social services are addressed
either with training and capacity building for consumers or via the creation of incentive structures.

Regarding P&D the degree of change goes along the exact lines of outputs and the effectiveness of
strategies already described above, since in 2007 work in this field started virtually in an empty space.
Achieved change includes the setup of an institutional framework for demographic policies (the
commission), generation of knowledge and empiric evidence on demographic problems (green book), the
formulation of a policy (strategy of demographic security) and an achieved commitment of the
government to continue this process with its own efforts, since the approval of the strategy is expected
before end of 2011 and the creation of a demographic institute is already included in the government’s
activity plan and is expected to happen before the end of 2013.
The most important element of impact of the achievements mentioned above consists in the fact that these
achievements constitute a base on which to build upon. This base consists of knowledge (the Green
Book), the capacity of the NBS to update P&D indicators, a draft policy and a network consisting already
of several national and international institutions that started working on P&D (MLSPF, National
Demographic Commission, Parliamentary P&D Commission, University of Moldova, INIA, European
Parliamentary Forum on P&D). This platform should be used for the development of specific P&D
policies whose feasibility has already been preliminarily explored by UNFPA Moldova, such as Family
Policy, a specific policy framework for ageing population and migration.
Within this context, the implementation of the next National Population Census in Moldova, currently
announced for 2013 by the authorities but still not confirmed, will be of fundamental importance. A
population and housing census is the primary source of information about the number and characteristics
of a given population in each locality. It takes stock of the most important asset of countries: their human
capital.ThelastcensusinMoldovatookplacein2004.S i n c e a censusupdates the knowledge regarding
therealsituationof thecountry,it is thusthebasisforthe formulation of appropriatepolicies.Hence, a
possible support to the census from the UNFPA side needstobeaddressedasamatterof priority, since only
aconsiderableamountoftime,financialand human resourcesca n ens u r e an adequatepreparation and
implementation of the census. An inadequate preparation and implementation mightseriouslyjeopardize
census results, its credibility and hence its usefulness for policy formulation or update.
Family policies are frequently a powerful tool to adequately manage the adverse impacts of
demographic change (ageing) and migration. They enclose a wide range of functions addressing issues
of gender inequality orchildrearing(providingasafeandthrivingenvironmentfor raisingchildren)and
parenting, amongst others. Familypolicies
areconducivetomaintainingfamilyvaluesbycreatingafavourableenvironmentforchildren.Thechildrearingpoli
cyareasincludefamilyplanningand

Outcome Evaluation
birthcontrol,promotingparenteducation,promotingfatherinvolvementinparenting,preventing
childabandonmentandpromotingdeinstitutionalization,preventingteenagepregnancy,
promotingparents’involvementinchild’s education,preventingchildabuse,supportingmigrant families
andchildren,anddevelopingafter-schoolprogrammes.Parentingeducationserves as
bothapreventionandintervention strategy,includingclasses on
childdevelopment,childcare,nutrition,andeffectivedisciplinetechniques (reducing thus DV).
Population ageingposesunique challenges.Moreover,thisphenomenonisinactual fact

irreversibleandisnoteasilymodified.Becauseofthisf a ct , attentionf r o m t he government side
shouldbeaimedattheveryissues thatarisefromthis process.TheMadridPlan ofAction
onAgeinghasidentifiedMainstreamingAgeingand the
concernsofolderpersonsintonationaldevelopmentframeworksandpovertyeradication
strategiesasthecornerstoneforanycountrytomeetthechallengesofpopulationageing. Asapolicy
tool,mainstreamingneedstosystematicallyintegrateageingissuesinto the
presentandfuturedevelopmentagendas,plansof actions,legislations,workprogrammes
andbudgets.Itshouldleadtotheinclusionofageingissues andconcernsintoallaspects
ofsocial,political,economic,healthandculturallife.
In the context of the upcoming census, the pending implementation of the strategy for demographic
security and the challenges family policies and the ageing population represent, the still pending
settingupof theNationalDemographicCentrehas beenamatterofgreatimportance.Itis expected that the
Centre willserveasthecatalystinthecountryfordemographic researchasa basisfornationalpolicies
andprogrammesfocusingon health, economicandsocialissues.
Gender
Changes brought about by UNFPA work regarding Gender and Human Rights forms part of a wider
context of joint efforts made by the State and by donors in promoting the implementation of social,
economic and cultural rights. This commitment can clearly be seen through the adoption of the National
Programme for Gender Equality 2010 – 2015; the inclusion in the Criminal Code of sexual harassment as
a crime, the adoption of the Strategy and National Action Plan on Reform of the residential care system
2007 -2012 or the adoption of the Law on Preventing and Combating Domestic Violence of 2007. Since
these commitments, in a first stage, do not go beyond the establishment of rules and norms, the
contribution of UNFPA consists in supporting activities for the implementation of these new norms and
thus creates evidence on the ground regarding the possible success of these norms and its positive impact.
This kind of evidence is a necessary condition for the creation of an environment of a rapid expansion of
practices established in the new normative framework, for daily life. UNFPA has been supporting the
implementation of this framework in direct approaches, for example via the law centre which implements
the system of protection order of victims of domestic violence, or in a more indirect approach, for
example via de Drochia centre which offers shelter for victims of domestic violence. Additionally,
regarding advocacy work for mainstreaming HRBA and GE, UNFPA has achieved the institutionalization
of the ideas and concepts of HRBA and GE but has still not achieved that these concepts be internalized
at the formulation and implementation of policies.

Outcome Evaluation
At present, the Republic of Moldova has an advanced gender legal and institutional framework and a
high-level political commitment to address gender inequalities in the country. In fact, according to OECD
ranking in Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI)49, the Republic of Moldova ranks 12th out of 102
countries. However, even the institutional gender framework is internationally assessed as modern and
providing important spaces of equality, the reality on the ground looks different as shown in Figure 3
below, which reveals a conservative and unequal picture of women’s role in daily life. Hence, even if
there are already important institutional achievements regarding gender policy, the impact onthe ground is
still limited due to reduced progress regarding its implementation.
Figure 3: Perceptions about rights and roles of women and men in the society and family
Unm arrie d pre gnant w om an is a s ham e for he r
26.1% 24.7% 15.7% 16% 16%
fam ily
Wom e n s hould be virgins be for e m ar riage 25.3% 28.2% 19.4% 13% 11%
Wom e n s hould ge t m arrie d be fore 25 ye ars 21.5% 26.7% 23.7% 15% 11%
M e n s hould tak e of e lde rly par e nts 37.1% 41.2% 13.8% 5%

1%
The role of the w om an is to give birth and rais e

38.3% 40.1% 12.1% 6%3%
he althy childre n
Wom e n and m e n have the s am e opportunitie s to

36.7% 36.9% 12.7% 7% 4%
be com e political or bus ine s s le ade rs
Wom e n and m e n have the s am e right to m igrate for
36.3% 40.2% 11.4% 6%4%
w ork
Wom e n s hould rais e k ids and m an s hould provide
29.3% 28.1% 18.5% 12% 11%
for the fam ily
Wom e n e ar n le s s m one y than m e n 19.6% 24.1% 27.5% 17% 10%
Wom e n and m e n have e qual r ights 40.3% 32.8% 11.3% 8% 5%
Strongly agr e e M os tly agr e e Agr e e Som e w hat dis agre e Dis agre e Do not k now
Box 5: Protection and Empowerment of Victims of Human Trafficking and Domestic Violence
The 3-year Project “Protection and Empowerment of Victims of Human Trafficking and Domestic
Violence”, launched in October 2008, is implemented jointly by four agencies: United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), International
Organization for Migration (IOM) and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
49
http://genderindex.org/ranking The index was estimated for the first time in 2009 and has not been updated since,
hence it still does not allow to assess trends.

Outcome Evaluation
(OSCE). The project is the result of an intensive collaboration between the participating agencies of
UNDP, UNFPA, IOM Mission and OSCE Mission to Moldova, key public institutions 50 and other
relevant partners in the anti-trafficking and gender communities in Moldova.
The overall goal of this Project is to improve: 1) the ability of the Government of Moldova, in
partnership with civil society, local communities, and other service providers, to provide its vulnerable
citizens with a life free from the threat or experience of domestic violence and human trafficking, and
2) the access of vulnerable citizens to quality, comprehensive, necessary medical, psychological, social,
legal, employment and housing services, to achieve and sustain such a life.
Throughout the Project implementation, the Government demonstrated responsiveness by leading the
process of design and validation of important mechanisms to implement the rights of victims of human
trafficking and domestic violence.The Project’s successful work to bolster the Government and civil
society organization’s advocacy and awareness raising programmes targeting different groups, led to
the following intermediate results:
• The 1st phase of the nation-wide awareness-raising campaign on domestic violence resulted in a
higher level of identification (including self-identification) of victims of domestic violence.The
Trust Line for victims of domestic violence registered about 1,464 calls following the launch of
the national awareness raising campaign on domestic violence in October 2009.
• The Project was successful in providing support, capacity building, and training to expand
the National Referral System (NRS) for victims and potential victims of human trafficking to
the victims of domestic violence.
• The NRS Strategy concept was upgraded51 and approved by the National Committee for
Combating Trafficking in Human Beings and the Ministry of Labour, Social Protection and
Family Board.
• The wide territorial discrepancies within Moldova concerning the access to social services for
all vulnerable groups represent a considerable impediment for the National Referral System
(NRS) operations throughout the country. By expanding the NRS both geographically and
thematically, the Project partners contributed to the elimination of the above gaps
• 1,622 victims, 772 potential victims, 336 perpetrators and 12 victims or perpetrators benefited
from direct assistance provided in all Project districts. Drochia shelter for victims of domestic
violence assisted 263 beneficiaries (women and children) through psychological, legal,
medical assistance, housing, job counselling, and job placement, amongst others.
Source: UNFPA Moldova/IOM/UNDP/OSCE, Public Report on Human Touch Stories and Good practices
documented under the Project “Protection and Empowerment of Victims of Human Trafficking and Domestic
Violence in Moldova” – October 2008 at March 2011 (V. Ghimpu)
50
After the reform of the Government structure (approved in September 2009), the Ministry of Social Protection,
Family and Child was renamed the Ministry of Labour, Social Protection and Family and the Ministry of Local
Public Administration (MLPA) was liquidated. The responsibilities of the MLPA were divided between the Ministry
of Construction and Regional Development and the Bureau for Decentralization and Local Autonomy within the
State Chancellery.
51
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Outcome Evaluation
According to the 1997 Reproductive Health Survey over 21% of women reported abuse by a partner or
ex-partner. Table 3 below shows that initiatives as the one cited exemplarily in Box 6 contribute to a
positive trend in DV, since values for adverse situations during the past 12 months are clearly below
lifetime events.
Table 4:Types of domestic violence throughout their lifetime and during the last 12 months,
breakdown by residence type and age group (%)
Level of 50 and Level of
Indicator Total Urban Rural 15-18 19-24 25-49
significance older significance
Lifetime
Emotional 51.3 38.9 55.0 <0.001 44.4 44.9 50.4 54.1 >0.05
Physical 24.2 14.1 27.1 <0.001 11.1 16.9 24.3 25.8 >0.05
Sexual 12.1 6.0 13.9 0.001 0.0 13.5 12.4 11.8 >0.05
Past 12 months
Emotional 26.8 15.8 30.0 <0.001 33.3 33.7 29.7 21.4 0.014
Physical 10.3 6.0 11.5 0.014 11.1 10.1 12.5 7.4 >0.05
Sexual 7.1 3.4 8.2 0.001 0.0 14.6 8.6 3.7 0.001
In the same way as seen in the example of an adequate institutional framework for gender equality which
does not correspond with the women’s role in daily life, the successful implementation of projects as the
one described in Box 4 only represents the first step on a long journey. Their impact is still low, since not
even 15% of victims of gender-based violence are seeking currently for (institutional help).52
Transnistria
A special recognition is deserved by UNFPA’s work in Transnistria. Even though UNFPA’s work in
Transnistria focuses on RH, the level of change brought about goes far beyond positive results in this
area. Support in RH is provided in Transnistria through public authorities to people on the ground. Thus,
several important aspects of cooperation are addressed. First, Transnistria receives from UNFPA side
support and cooperation, which the region has not been able to get from anywhere else. This makes
UNFPA support unique. Second, it is provided to people on the ground through public health
services,thus it involves Transnistrian institutions and authorities and is officially accepted. Positive
changes for people’s daily lives are this way achieved as well as a deeper involvement with authorities.
Confidence is thus created at both levels, with authorities and with the people. The creation of such
confidence is the heart of government’s strategy for a future reintegration of Transnistria. Without a
doubt, theUNFPA has the merit to have been the first UN institution that started implementing this kind
of activities. Since the activities proved to be successful, other UN agencies (currently UNDP, IOM and
UNICEF) started already from their side to implement activities in Transnistria as well. But UNFPA has
clearly been the pioneer in this field.
52
Most women never address to any institutions enabled to help them in such situations. Only 11.2% would address
sometimes to a hospital, 12.2% sometimes to the police, 6.3% to a justice system and 5.1% to mayoralty. Source:
UNFPA Moldova, Women’s Vulnerability to HIV and AIDS in the Republic of Moldova 2010

Outcome Evaluation
Institutional Development
Even if it is not a CP component, an important share of UNFPA work can be considered as support to
institutional development and the update of legal frameworks. A core activity in this sense is UNFPA’s
participation in the support to the joint UN support to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). It was the
institutional development of the NBS and it increased ability to provide indicators, which enabled the
GoM in recent years to put give support to national and sector development strategies. In this sense, the
institutional development of NBS is also a support to all UNFPA programme components which again
support the institutional development, for instance of the MoH of the MLSPF.
Throughout its support to institutional development at different levels, the UNFPA contributed to political
stability and a generally positive development trend regarding governance and rule of law in Moldova, as
can be seen in the trend of the following indicators considered under UNDAF.
Table 5: Governance indicators Moldova

2004 2009
Voice and accountability -0.610 -0.310
Government effectiveness - 0.732 -0.558
Rule of law -0.522 - 0.454
Political stability -0.558 - 0.505
Corruption perception 2.3 2.9 (2010)
Source: D. Kaufmann et al, World Bank Governance Index53
6.5 Sustainability
Finding 6: The sustainability of the results achieved during this first programme cycle depends on
the extent to which they can be consolidated in a systematic follow up and capitalized upon on the
side of both government and UNFPA, including ensuring appropriate UNFPA funding and
adequate human resource and operational delivery capacity (notwithstanding UNFPA
MOLDOVA’s resource mobilization efforts of more than 25% of the core resources).
Regarding the sustainability of achieved results, recent trends in core RH indicators showed an increase in
2008, after a previous positive trend, and then back to this positive trend in 2009. These events show that
even if the achieved results in RH are positive, they are at risk and still not consolidated. Management
staff from the Ministry of Health indicated to this evaluation that there is some evidence that, for
example, an important share of existing maternal mortality seems to be related to non-obstetric health
complications and that part of the 2008 increase can be related to this phenomenon.Regarding P&D, the
bottleneck in this process has already been described. Meanwhile, the sustainability of gender-related
achievements will depend on how wide, deep and quickly adjusted legal frameworks can be fully
implemented, making use of the capacities builtup with UNFPA support. Hence, all achieved results
53
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Outcome Evaluation
require follow-up activities for their consolidation, in order to achieve full government support and in
order to be taken on board by the authorities. UNFPA however suffers important limitations regarding
available funds as has been shown already in the efficiency part of Chapter 6.3.2. Additionally, an
important part of resources is coming from outside and its availability is not guaranteed.
7. Conclusions
Since the start of the CP 2007,UNFPA has been a trusted partner for Moldovan public authorities,
including Transnistria, as well as for the civil society. The CP proved to be relevant regarding its thematic
approaches and its implementation strategies, which have been able to effectively bring aboutmost of the
expected results. The overall highly satisfactory level of results has been achieved despite very limited
financial resources and consequently limited implementation capacities in the CO.
UNFPA Moldova has been able to engage in strategic partnership, or via joint programming or via non-
formalized cooperation in minor activities with other UN agencies and has this way been able to achieve
an effectiveness level which goes beyond what could be expected, considering the limited resources the
office has available.
The CP has been able to position its activities strategically in fields that are relevant for the country
regarding its policy priorities, regarding people’s needs on the ground and regarding UNFPA’s core
mandates and additionally is fully in line with the UNFPA Regional Programme Action Plan 2008-2013
for Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The CP implementation has been able to break new ground and be
innovative in its work in P&D and in its approach to Transnistria.
Implementing partners from public and private sectors appreciate UNFPA’s support for training and
capacity building, access provided by UNFPA to training materials and support provided for outreach and
awareness. On the operational side, partners appreciate UNFPA’s flexibility in the definition of activities
based in annual work plans. This flexibility goes beyond what other UN agencies usually offer.
All results achieved require follow-up for their sustainability. Additionally, P&D and Gender component
achievements are still at an early stage and require consolidation and if possible an extension of activities
addressing additional aspects as have shown the examples of family policy or ageing population regarding
the P&D component.
The implementation of the CP since 2007 has provided UNFPA with a unique strategic position and
advantage compared to other donors. Given its work on the ground, UNFPA has a much wider outreach
than most of the other agencies, since it is working permanently in at least 50 districts regarding RH, has
the complete peer education network and related contacts available, works in regional centresregarding
domestic violence and has much better, deeper and wider access to Transnistria.

Outcome Evaluation
8. Recommendations
General recommendations
• Continue with the same programme components, Reproductive Health, Population and
Development and Gender. For all these components highly positive results have been achieved.
The consolidation of all these achievements and the institutionalization of policies and strategies
related to these achievements require follow-up activities from UNFPA.
• Continue joint programming with other UN agencies, throughout the complete next Country
Programme Cycle.
o Joint programming helped UNFPA Moldova so far to achieve good results. It enables
UNFPA to be resourceful and creates synergies with other UN agencies. Joint
programming should be based on the design of joint activities right from the start and not
consist of an ad hoc composition of previously designed activities.
• UNFPA should make use of strategic advantage regarding its already existing base for the
outreach of activities. Compared to other UN agencies in Moldova UNFPA has established an
extended network with activities in the ground, in communities and in Transnistria.
o This privileged position can be used specifically for joint programmes with other UN
agencies, helping them to engage in activities in Transnistria.
o It can be a valuable support for other UN agencies, via joint activities with UNFPA for
outreach in RH or in activities related to P&D
• UNFPA should advocate between GoM and other UN agencies for the definition new social
policies, which offer specific services and social protection in the context of demographic change.
o Moldovastandstoday atacriticalturningpointforconfrontingthe challengesand
issuesgeneratedbyaprojectedrapidly decr easing and ageing population.
Thisphenomenoncallsfor theformulationofnewsocialpoliciesandthefindingof
theresourcesneededfor implementingthesepolicies successfully. UNFPA, as a specialized
agency in demographic issues, can provide valuable help for a better understanding on
how this phenomenon has to be reflected in social policies.
• The draft text of the future national development strategy “Moldova 2020” includes the reform of
the social insurance and pension system as one of its priorities. UNFPA Moldova should include
this area in its next country programme
o UNFPA can make use of the global network of expertise in this field
o Explore the possibility for a joint programme in this regard, possibly with UNDP,
UNICEF and IOM

Outcome Evaluation
• Developapositionandclearstrategytoworkwithcivilsocietyasacomplementtonational
programmesandinanefforttoreachmarginalizedpopulations
o Engaging civil society can potentially help to improve outreach and quality of services
faster as well a to better identify vulnerable groups at local level and thus help to achieve
their inclusion
o Additionally, the UNDAF evaluation of early 2011 showed that the System of United
Nations as a whole lack a clear and common understanding how civil society should be
addressed in the country and what would be their role in cooperating with UN. A clear
definition of the relationship and roles would help to improve the efficiency and
effectiveness of the cooperation.
• Enhance monitoring and evaluation as well as Results Based Management capacities of

implementing partners
o The experience of the monitoring system for commodity security showed clearly the
importance of such a system, as well as the difficulties from government side to
implement such a system without donor support. This is only one example for the lack of
monitoring and RBM.
o The achievement of both of these objectives would help to make the cooperation with
implementing partners more effective and hence increase their potential impact
o Since UNFPA Moldova depends heavily on non-UNFPA resources, an improvement of
these capacities in implementing partners would facilitate fundraising and would make it
more sustainable since a better reporting of achievements would be possible
• Ensure competitive working conditions in the UNFPA CO in order to avoid staff turnover
RH component
• Continue supporting commodity security in kind but also with technical support for identifying
correctly vulnerable groups, which receive contraceptives free of charge and with a continuous
advocacy with the GoM regarding their responsibility for commodity security. Currently the share
of responsibility GoM assumes in this field is still small. UNFPA should continue supporting the
country until government’s share is big enough, to allow UNFPA’s withdraw of without putting
the achieved commodity security at a high risk.
• For capacity building in RH, consider also addressing demand side problems (behavioural
change), especially for vulnerable groups, since only addressing the capacity of service delivery is
not sufficient for influencing all causes of exclusion

Outcome Evaluation
• Core development indicators in Moldova show a strong positive trend until 2005 and a weak
positive or even negative trend after 2005, despite an overall positive environment. 54 Maternal
mortality, one of the core indicators for RH health, is among these indicators. More research is
needed to understand what is behind this change in trends and how can it be addressed. UNFPA
should support such research related to the core components of its country programme
• Finish the training ofdoctors and nurses, which is currently at coverage rates of 80 per cent and 50
per cent respectively. It is especially important to plan training for Nurses, especially those based
in rural areas, given that the doctors have to cover several villages, the nurse is often the only
primary care provider on site.
• Institutionalize the training ofdoctors and nurses, since there will be a need for a permanent offer
of this kind of on the job training for them. This kind of training cannot be a permanent task for
UNFPA. There is a need for an exit strategy for doctor and nurse training for UNFPA.
• Regular periodic update meetings and revisionof training materials at specified intervals in the
future are recommended, in order to keep the curriculum and the trainers up to date and
motivated. This process should also include official approval or certification or allocation of
points for the Accreditation and Re-accreditation of the trainers by the MOH or other relevant
authority.
• Make the LMIS more usable and user friendly and include LMIS and RHICS training in RH/FP
courses and workshops.
• Continue advocacy for LSBE inclusion in school curricula. Demographic trends and public
opinions preference for school based sex education rather thanimplemented by parents show that
the need and the base for the expected change exist. Modern school curricula based LSBE is
additionally of extreme importance, given the high number of young boys and girls living without
their parents, in Moldova.
54
Macroeconomic and poverty trends since 2000 show a strong pattern of improvement between 2000 and 2005
with a break point in 2005 and a weak trend of improvement (or even a deterioration) since 2005. Parallel to the
positive economic trend in the first part of the last decade many social indicators improved with dynamic trends
until 2005 and after 2005 in a much slower degree. Even if economic growth recovered after 2005 (until 2008 and
then again starting from 2010) social indicators seem to have not been able to recover their strong positive trend
before 2005 or have even shown negative results. The per capita GDP measured in purchase poverty increased from
2112 USD (PPP) in 2000 to 2843 USD (PPP) in 2009. The monetary poverty rate decreased from 67.8% in 2000 to
26.5% in 2004 and remained almost stable afterwards, reaching 26.3% in 2009 (lowest point 25.8% in 2006)
despitepositive economic growth (with exception of 2009). Considering social indicators, Under Five Mortality
decreased from 23.3 in 2000 to 15.7 in 2005 and further much slower only to 14.3 in 2009. Similarly Maternal
Mortality dropped from 27.1 in 2000 to 18.6 in 2005 and then to 17.2 in 2009 and the share of underweight newborn
children increased from 4.3 in 2000 to 5.3 in 2008. The net enrolment rates in primary and secondary education
decreased between 2000 and 2009 (all data UNDP National Human Development Report Moldova 2011 on social
exclusion).

Outcome Evaluation
• However, continue as well with peer-to-peer education, since it has proved its impact in Moldova
regarding the outreach of RH knowledge in adolescent population and regarding lower increase
rates of HIV/AIDS incidence for their age group. Additionally peer education has the potential to
reach vulnerable young people not or not any more assisting to school education.
• The Ministry of Health suggests that UNFPA activities could be closer to the health reform
agenda. Follow up on this suggestion and explore thematic alternatives for current cooperation
with the ministry.
P&D component
• Continue with the advocacy for the quick constitution of the Demographic Centre, since its
existence will be fundamental for the analysis of results from the next population census and
since it will have the potential to provide important support to the challenges for the design of
future P&D policies, such as family policies and policies which take into account ageing
population
• In fulfilment of its mandate, UNFPA Moldova should play a lead role in advocating and
mobilizing support for the announced population census 2013. In many countries, UNFPA helps
develop capacity in technical aspects of the process, including cartography, data collection and
processing and data analysis and dissemination. UNFPA Moldova should explore in a timely
manner where its strengths in this process, together with other UN agencies and donors, are most
likely to be successfully used.
• Develop anexit strategy regarding the support to NBS. There was a need for strengthening NBS
capacities for the generation of demographic, reproductive health and gender indicators in 2007,
but these capacities have already been successfully established. Additionally, since other UN
agencies, led by UNDP already announced their commitment for a continuous support to the NBS
also in the next UNDAF cycle, technical assistance to NBS and hence its future capacity building
is ensured. UNFPA’s participation in the previous joint programme for NBS support was only
6%, hence not an important amount for NBS but an important amount which can be available for
other UNFPA activities.
• Start a strong advocacy and develop proposals for the design of family policies and for the
mainstreaming of family policies and the problem of an ageing population. The concept of family
policies is currently almost not existent in Moldovan policies. However, growing government
attention to demographic policies and to events such as the annual family day open a window of
opportunity for the positioning of the concept of family policies, which has the power to integrate
social policies and offers that way two simultaneous advantages for Moldova. First, it can be the
perfect complement to the strategy of demographic security and build upon all the work carried
outin the P&D component since 2007 and integrate at the same time achievements of all three

Outcome Evaluation
UNFPA programme components. Second, it can serve as a platform for the still non-existent
comprehensive approach for the integration and coordination of social policies.
• The platform of family policies also offers an opportunity for UNFPA to engage with migration
policies and address a still unexplored area of policies related to migration in the country. From
an economic, social and demographic point of view it would be desirable that migrants stay in
permanent contact with Moldova, even after the first generation of migrants. Policies, which
create links and incentives for permanent contact, investment or even return, should be
developed. UNFPA Moldova should explore the possibility to engage in this area, possibly with
IOM as a natural UN partner for this sector.
Gender component
• Gender equality shouldbe a separate component of the next UNFPA CP and to address the
followingissues:
o Providing research, evidence-based advocacy and technical assistance to formulate and
revise policies and legislation to promote gender equality.
o Strengthening the institutional capacities of the government and civil society in the areas of
gender analysis and mainstreaming.
o Raising awareness on gender equality, reproductive rights, GBV, and male responsibility in
RH.
o Establishing women-friendly spaces and supporting other similar interventions for women’s
empowerment with an emphasis on integrating RH, counselling and referral in such
interventions.
o Identifying and promoting areas of joint programming through the work of the UN-Women
and UNICEF.
• Continuing to mainstream gender equality under all sub-components of the Country Programme:
o To assist the Government and other stakeholders to align Moldovan policies more strongly
with UN and EU frameworks and universal principles of human rights and gender equality,
UNFPA could support initiatives to inform the pro-natalist policy by critical analysis and
comparative research based on the principles of gender equality and human rights; review
of strategies used in other countries to encourage birth; development of alternative policy
proposals to encourage childbirth (e.g., improving access to and quality of public
kindergartens).
o To strengthen gender equality and DV legislation; UNFPA can consider supporting
consensus-building and strategizing meetings among key proponents of the law in addition
to the current support for advocacy. Another important contribution would be to support for
initiatives to identify gender-discriminatory laws and policies (on employment, family,
pension, etc.), development of recommendations for their elimination, and related advocacy
measures to be taken.

Outcome Evaluation
• Continuing to provide support for building national capacity to combat GBV/ DV and increase
availability of required services for victims:
o More attention should be paid by all stakeholders to improving multi-sector coordination
and cooperation, standardization and institutionalization of the referral system,
institutionalization of training programmes for local level practitioners and increasing the
government role in financing and providing protection services for victims and service
providers.
o Support for continuously improving quantitative and qualitative data as well as building
research and analytical capacity on GBV for relevant stakeholders is of critical importance.
o Support for capacity-building can be improved by developing a strategic approach, which
approach capacity-building as a long-term, staged, participatory and partnership-based
process with built-in needs assessment, follow up, monitoring and technical support,
addressing specific needs at particular stages.
o More concerted effort needs to be made to deepen the stakeholders’ and UNFPA staff’s
knowledge and understanding of intersecting and structural nature of inequalities and
discrimination (linking gender with socio-economic disparities and other factors such as
ethnicity, location, age, etc.) and assist them in developing practical skills in the application
of gender equality and rights-based, culturally-sensitive approaches.
o UNFPA could further strengthen its support to build upcapacity at local levels by
identifying best local practices/examples of gender and cultural sensitivity and rights-based
approaches, and facilitating horizontal sharing of experience and home-grown techniques.
It is important to go beyond general gender awareness.
o Raising and focus on building relevant stakeholders’ sector- and context- specific gender
analysis and programmatic skills.
• Ensuring that UNFPA support for engaging men falls within the framework of human rights and
gender equality in line with the national legislation, international agreed development goals, CEDAW
and other relevant documents, UNFPA should support the development of a shared critical analysis
and vision for social change among men’s groups, women’s rights and gender equality (by involving
all stakeholders). There is a need and opportunity to broaden the current programmes for men and
boys and challenge negative gender stereotypes and promote positive, caring and responsible
behaviour (especially in health area).
9. Lessonslearned and goodpractices
• UNFPA concentrated mainly on capacity building and was successful in its strategy to put their
efforts in on-going processes (software) to make policy implementation perform better
• Success stories create commitment from government side (Drochia Centre), this would suggest
that a success story of a demographic security implementation might make things get better

Outcome Evaluation
• UNFPA has a better outreach on the ground than other UN agencies (RH cabinets, the complete
peer education net, works with a lot of NGOs/CSOs, the work in Transnistria, work in regional
centre for domestic violence) – they are doing part of the work for UNFPA – good practice
• Joint programmes are good but should be put together right from the start with joint planning and
not as ad hoc activity (putting existing activities together) – right approach for social security
Acknowledgements
Our sincere thanks each of the staff of the UNFPA Office in Moldova for the warm welcome, hard work
and assistance, and their kind hospitality during our time in Chisinau. Especially, thank you to those who
worked long hours and gave up some of their weekend time for the mission and for the field visits.
We would like to thank all the people we met during the mission for taking the time to meet with us.
Special thanks to Diana Selaru for so efficiently dealing with the administrative details of the mission;
and to our driver Aurel Sturza for getting us to and from meetings and field visits safely and on time. To
our interpreter / translator Elena Dolghii, many thanks for helping us communicate during the meetings.
Thanks as well to Richard Elsam for the language editing of this report.
Last but not least, our sincere thanks to Dr Boris Gilca, UNFPA Programme Coordinator and Dr Francois
Farrah, UNFPA Country Director for their enthusiasm, inputs and support for this mission, which
contributed to make it a very rewarding and rich experience.

Outcome Evaluation
Annex
A.1 Meeting list
UNFPA Moldova extended Country Programme Evaluation (2007-2012)

Detailed Evaluation Schedule
(in-country mission 19-25 July 2011)
Time Tuesday, 19 July 2011

9:00 – 9:30 Accommodation, individual in-office work (UNFPA
Office)
9:30 – Debriefing / Orientation meeting on Moldova CP evaluation with the (UNFPA
11:00 participation of: Office)
Thomas Otter, Daniela Terzi-Barbarosie, Francois Farah, Boris Gilca,
ViorelGorceag, Natalia Cojohari, SandinaDicianu, Diana Selaru,
Tatiana Mustea
11:00 – Meeting with UN and partner donor’s agencies: (UN
12:00 Matilda Dimovska, UNDP Deputy Representative, Conference
LiviuBleoca, Counselor – Embassy of Romania Room, 1st floor)
JakobSchemel, UN Coordination Officer,
Claude Cahn, UN Human Rights Adviser
Sandie Blanchet, UNICEF Deputy Representative
Martin Wyss, Chief of IOM mission
UlziisurenJamsran, UN Women
Alexandrina Iovita, M&E AdviserUNAIDS Office
SilviuDomenti, deputy WHO Representative
Boderscova Larisa, Programme Coordinator/WHO
Ala Lipciu, country manager ILO
Mr. JakobSchemel, UN Coordination Officer
13:00 – Meeting with the Government Counterpart Evaluation Group GCEG
14:30 VictorLutenco, members:
SergiuSainciuc,
RodicaScutelnic, (UNFPA
NadejdaVelisco, Office)
Lilia Pascal
15:00 – Pre-evaluation orientation meeting with national counterparts (Jolly Alon
17:00 hotel
/conference
room)
Wednesday, 20 July 2011
9:00 – Meeting with: (The
10:00 Vladimir Hotineanu, Head of the Parliamentary Commission for Social Parliament
Protection, Health and Family, building)
10:30 – Meeting with: (MoFAEI
11:15 Andrei Popov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and European building)
Integration

Outcome Evaluation
12:00 – Meeting with: (MoH building)
13:00 ViorelSoltan, deputy minister of Health,
Gheorghe Turcanu, deputy minister of Health,
RodicaScutelnic, Head of Mother, Child and Vulnerable groups
Department,
Maria Tarus, Ex-Head of Mother, Child and Vulnerable groups
Department, Ministry of Health
14:00 – Meeting with: (MLSPF
15:00 ValentinaBuliga, Minister of Labour, Social Protection and Family, building)
SergiuSainciuc, deputy minister,
VadimPistrinciuc, deputy minister
17:00 Larisa Rotaru, head of the Demographic policies department (DPD), building)
LiubaValcov, senior consultant DPD,
AlionaCretu, consultant DPD,
VioricaDumbraveanu, Head of Family and Child Protection Department,
Laura Grecu, Head of Social Insurance Policies Directorate,
Elena Pasali, Secretariat of the Board for coordinating foreign
assistance in the field of labour and social protection
Thursday, 21 July 2011
8:30 – 9:30 Meeting with: (Government
NadejdaVelisco, Head of Higher Education dept. MoE, Department, building, MoE)
Galina Gavrilita, Senior consultant, MoE,
Eugenia Parlicov, Senior consultant, MoE,
LudmilaSchiopu, school Psychologist /National Trainer on LSBE,
Angela Alexeiciuc, ex-RH/Youth Associate UNFPA
10:00 – Meeting with: (State Medical
11:30 Prof. Olga Cernetchi, Deputy rector, State Medical and and
PharmaceuticalUniversity Pharmaceutical
Prof.GrigoreBivol, Head of Family Medicine Dept, University “N.
Natalia Zarbailov, Associate Professor, Family Medicine Department, Testemitanu”
Prof. Gheorghe Ciobanu, Director, Emergency Medical Center, administrative
MihaiPisla, Director, National Centre for Medical Disasters, building)
MirceaBuga, Director, National Medical Insurance Company,
LuminitaSuveica, Head of the City Health Department Chisinau
Victor Savin, Medical Director, City Hospital nr. 1 /ex-director of City
Health Department Chisinau,
DumitruSiscanu, Director, Perinatalogical Centre / City Hospital nr. 1,
MihaiCiocanu, Director, “MedPark” Clinic, ex-director of National Centre
for Public Health,
Ala Manolache, Director, National Medical and Pharmaceutical College,
LudmilaChitic, head of Ob/Gyn dept., National Medical and
Pharmaceutical College,
RodicaComendant, Director, Reproductive Health Training Centre,
Vera Melniciuc, Director, “Dalila” Healthcare Center,
Galina Lesco,Director, Youth Friendly Health Centre “Neovita”,
Angela Alexeiciuc, Project Coordinator CRS Moldova, ex-RH/Youth
Associate UNFPA,

Outcome Evaluation
12:00 – Meeting with: (Academy of
13:00 Acad. Gheorghe Paladi, expert, Demographic sector / Academy of Science central
Science, building)
Olga Gagauz, Head of the Demographic sector /Academy of Science,
Prof. ConstantinMatei, Head of Demographic Dept. / Academy of
Economics,
ValeriuSainsus, Associate Professor, Demographic Dept. / Academy of
Economics,
Nina Cesnocov, Head of Demographic Statistics Department, National
Bureau of Statistics
15:00 Lilia Pascal, Head of Department, Equal Opportunities, MLSPF building)
ValentinaBodrug-Lungu, President Gender-Center NGO,
Galina Morari, deputy head of Department /MoH
Maria Popovici, ex-head of Dept. /Ministry of Interior,
Daniela Misail-Nichitin, International Center "La Strada"
15:30 – Meeting with NGO sector: (UN House
16:30 AntonitaFonari, Executive Director, “Young and Free” Resource Center, /Conference
AlexandruCoica, Project officer, East Europe Foundation, ex-president Room 1st floor)
National Youth Council of Moldova,
Eduard Mihalas, President, National Youth Council of Moldova,
Elena Sajin, Executive Director, Family Planning Association Moldova,
VioricaGherman, Programme Coordinator, Family Planning Association
Moldova
Anna Susarenco, Focal Point in Charge Y-PEER in Moldova,
Nicolai Radita, Director, Roma National Centre,
IulianaAbramova, Director, Centre for Support and development of Civic
Initiatives “Resonance”, Tighina /Transnistria
AlexandrGoncear, deputy-director, Centre for Support and development
of Civic Initiatives “Resonance”, Tighina /Transnistria
Dina Sava, Programme Coordinator, HelpAge International
16:30 – Meeting with mass media sector: (UN House
17:30 LudmilaTiganu, Communication officer, UN Moldova /Conference
Irina Lipcanu, Communication officer, UNICEF Room 1st floor)
IlonaSpataru, journalist, Director on Communication /e-Government
Center, ex-journalist Radio Free Europe/Radio France International,
member of UN Club of Journalists,
Tatiana Iojita, ex-journalist at Radio Antena C, member of UN Club of
Journalists,
Angelina Olaru, ex-journalist, newspaper “Timpul/Times”,
Natalia Costas, journalist, member of UN Club of Journalists, UNDP,
Igor Guzun, Director, Communication Agency “Urma ta”, member of UN
Club of Journalists

Outcome Evaluation
Friday, 22 July 2011
8:30 Departure to Drochia
11:00 – 12:30 Meeting with: Drochia
SimionSirbu, Director, “Artemida” Maternal Center
Ina Gradinaru, Programme Coordinator
Public authority representative of Drochia district
council
13:00 – 14:00 Meeting with: Drochia
Svetlana Nicov, Director, Women’s Healthcare Center
“Ana” - Y-PEER team
Saturday, 23 July 2011
10:00 – 11:00 Meeting with Svetlana Arcadieva, deputy of Health Tiraspol
Authority in Transnistria
11:30 – 12:30 Meeting with OxanaCeban, Head of Reproductive Tiraspol
Health /Family Planning Service in Transnistria
regionand the whole team
14:00 – 15:00 Meeting with Ion Oboroceanu, Prosecutor of Causeni Causeni
district. Visit to the Causeni Law Center
Sunday, 24 July 2011
10:00 – 14:00 Field visit to Rusca Prison for women Rusca prison
Monday, 25 July 2011
9:00 – 10:00 Meeting with: (Penitentiary Dept.
Ana Racu, Former Head of Public Relations office, building)
Penitentiary Department
11:00 – 12:00 Meeting with: (ORANGE Office)
Victoria Musteata, PR manager ORANGE Moldova
14:00 – 15:30 Post-evaluation meeting with national counterparts. (Jolly Alon hotel
Preliminary conclusions of UNFPA CP evaluation /conference room)
A.2 Stakeholder consultation and participation list
UNFPA Moldova extended Country Programme Evaluation (2007-2012)
(in-country mission 19-25 July 2011)
The Evaluation team:

1. Mr. Thomas Otter, Senior freelance consultant, selected as International Consultant /Team Leader
for evaluation of the Reproductive Health and Population&Development components
2. Ms. Daniela Terzi-Barbarosie, Executive Director of the Center “Partnership for Development”,
selected as National Consultant for evaluation of the Gender component
The Government Counterpart Evaluation Group (GCEG):

3. Mr. Victor Lutenco, Adviser on Social Affairs to the Prime Minister of Moldova
4. Mr. SergiuSainciuc, Deputy Minister of Labour, Social Protection and Family (MLSPF)
5. Ms. RodicaScutelnic, Head of Department, Ministry of Health (MoH)
6. NadejdaVelisco, Head of Department, Ministry of Education (MoE)
7. Ms. Lilia Pascal, Head of Department, MLSPF.
A stakeholder consultation and participation list:
Reproductive Health and Youth

1. Hotineanu Vladimir Head of the Parliamentary Commission on Social Protection, Health
and Family, ex-Minister of Health
2. SoltanViorel Deputy Minister, Ministry of Health
3. Turcanu Gheorghe Deputy Minister, Ministry of Health
4. BugaMircea Director, National Medical Insurance Company
5. Gavrilita Galina Consultant, Ministry of Education
6. Parlicov Eugenia Consultant, Ministry of Education
7. Arcadieva Svetlana Deputy of Transnistria Health Authority
8. CebanOxana Head of RH services in Transnistria
9. Ciobanu Gheorghe Medical Director, National Centre for Emergency Medicine
10. PislaMihai Director, National Centre for Medical Disaster
11. Racu Ana Head of Public Relations office, Penitentiary Department
12. Melniciuc Vera Director, Women’s Health Centre “Dalila”
13. ComendantRodica Director, Reproductive Health Training Centre
14. SirbuSimion Director, Maternal centre Drochia, ex-director Women’s Health Centre
“Ana”
15. Savin Victor Medical Director, City Hospital nr. 1, ex-director of City Health
Department Chisinau
16. SiscanuDumitru Director, Perinatalogical Centre, City Hospital nr. 1
17. Olga Cernetchi Deputy Rector, State Medical and Pharmaceutical University
18. BivolGrigore Head of Family Medicine Department, State Medical and
Pharmaceutical University
19. Manolache Ala Director, National Medical and Pharmaceutical College
20. ChiticLudmila Head of Ob/Gyn dept., National Medical College
21. Zarbailov Natalia Associate professor, Family Medicine Department, State Medical and
71
Pharmaceutical University “N. Testemitanu”
22. Alexeiciuc Angela Project Coordinator CRS Moldova, ex-RH/Youth Associate UNFPA
23. Lesco Galina Youth Friendly Health Centre “Neovita”
24. Sajin Elena Executive Director, Family Planning Association Moldova
25. GhermanViorica Programme Coordinator, Family Planning Association Moldova
26. SchiopuLudmila School Psychologist, National Trainer on LSBE
27. Susarenco Ana Focal Point in Charge Y-PEER in Moldova
28. CoicaAlexandru Project officer, East Europe Foundation, ex-president National Youth
Council of Moldova
29. Mihalas Eduard President, National Youth Council of Moldova
30. BabiiViorel National Youth Resource Centre
31. RaditaNicolae Director, Roma National Centre
32. AbramovaIuliana Director, Centre for Support and development of Civic Initiatives
“Resonance”, Tighina
33. GoncearAlexandru Vice-Director, Centre for Support and development of Civic Initiatives
“Resonance”, Tighina
34. CiocanuMihai Director, “MedPark” Clinic, ex-director of National Centre for Public
Health
35. Musteata Victoria Public Relations Manager, Orange Moldova

1. BuligaValentina Minister, MinisterofLabor, Social Protectionand Family
2. Popov Andrei Deputy Ministry of Foreign Affairs
3. Rotaru Larisa Head of Demographic Policy Department, MinisterofLabor, Social
Protectionand Family
4. ValcovLiuba Senior Consultant, Demographic Policy Department, MinisterofLabor,
Social Protectionand Family
5. PistrinciucVadim Deputy minister of MinisterofLabor, Social Protectionand Family
6. Grecu Laura Head of Social Insurance Policies Directorate, MinisterofLabor,
Social Protectionand Family
7. Elena Pasali The Secretariat of the Board for coordinating foreign assistance
in the field of labour and social protection
8. Paladi Gheorghe Academy of Science
9. Gagauz Olga Academy of Science
10. MateiConstantin Academy of Economic Studies
11. SainsusValeriu Academy of Economic Studies
12. Cesnocov Nina Head of Demographic Statistic Department, National Bureau of
Statistics
13. Dina Sava Country Programme Coordinator, HelpAge International Moldova
14. Bodrug-LunguValentina President, NGO “Gender Centre”
15. Lutenco Victor Adviser to Prime Minister on social matters
Gender
1. Bodrug-LunguValentina President, NGO “Gender Centre”
2. Oboroceanu Ion Prosecutor of Causeni district, Director Causeni Law Center
3. Popovici Maria Head of Department, Ministry of Internal Affairs
4. Daniela Misail-Nichitin International Center "La Strada"
72
UN Agencies and Donors
1. Dimovska Matilda UNDP Deputy Representative
2. Sandie Blanchet UNICEF Deputy Representative
3. SchemelJakob UN Coordination Officer
5. Iovita Alexandrina UNAIDS
6. Boderscova Larisa WHO
7. Cahn Claude UN Human Rights Adviser
8. Rapold Silas IOM
9. Lipciu Ala ILO
10. JamsranUlziisuren UN Women
11. LiviuBleoca Embassy of Romania, Counsellor
Mass media
1. TiganuLudmila Communication officer, UN Moldova
3. SpataruIlona Journalist, Radio Europa Libera/Radio France International
5. Iojita Tatiana ex-journalist, Radio Antena C
6. Olaru Angelina ex-journalist, newspaper “Timpul”
7. Costas Natalia Journalist, ex-member of UN Club of Journalists
8. Guzun Igor Director, Communication Agency “Urma ta”
Field /project visits:

1. “Artemida” Maternal Center, Drochia
2. “Ana” Women’s Healthcare Center, Drochia
3. RH Center in Tiraspol, Transnistria
4. Causeni Law Center
5. Rusca prison for women
A.3 Interview Questionnaires
A.3.1. General questionnaire
• What went well?

• What did not went well?
• What can be done better? / What you did, doing it a gain, what would you do differently?
• Where UNFPA made a difference?
• Where UNFPA did not address the issues?
• Have you been able to do what you wanted to do together with UNFPA during the last 5 years?
• What is your biggest achievement (in activities together with UNFPA)?
• Does UNFPA supported action/activity lead to a change? If so where/how? Why?
• Is UNFPA a driving force for policy design/innovation?
A.3.2. Specific questionnaires
Reproductive Health
73
• Have gender, age, socio economically and geographically disaggregated data been used for the
situational analysis and / or the design of policies and strategies developed with UNFPA support?
• Do you consider that attention has been paid to gender and human rights as crosscutting issues?
How? Why do you say so?
• Questions on the opinion of Ministry of Education regarding LSBE and peer education and their
inclusion in schooling curricula
• Questions to the Ministry of Health regarding achieved progress in reproductive health, as well as
the quality of this progress, how it was achieved, how sustainable it is expected to be and how
valuable and important was UNFPA’s support since 2007 in order reach theses achievements
• Questions to the Ministries of Health and Education regarding the quality of teaching materials
and training prepared, provided and implemented by UNFPA and the availability of alternative
sources for the support received from UNFPA.
• Questions to the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education regarding their priority
activities for the near future and where they would like to see UNFPA’s support specifically

• Questions regarding the working experience of the demographic commission (created with
UNFPA support)
• Questions regarding the performance and the results so far of the process of formulation of a
strategy of demographic security
• Questions regarding the expectations of stakeholder regarding the future of demographic policies
in the country and where support from UNFPA would be welcome
• Questions regarding the current and future availability of data and analytical and research skills
for demographic issues (including upcoming population census)
• Questions to the university regarding quality and importance of support for postgraduate studies
in demographics
Gender
• Questions on specific activities implemented by UNFPA in order to support the implementation
of the protection order for victims of domestic violence
• Questions on the quality, importance and availability of alternative sources of support in these
specific areas
• Questions regarding the
• Questions regarding future policy and activity priorities and where and how UNFPA support
would be welcome.
74
A.4 Revised documents
GoM, Government Activity Programme 2010-2014

GoM, Moldova 2020 (National Development Strategy 2012 – 2020), draft July 2011
GoM. National Human Rights Action Plan 2010-2013
GoM. National Development Strategy 2008-2011
GoM, Rethink Moldova, 2008
GoM, Law on Preventing and Combating Family Violence (Law Number 45-XVI of 1 March 2007)
Ministry of Health, Reproductive Health Strategy 2005-2015
National Commission for Population and Development, Green paper of the population of the Republic of
Moldova, Chisinau 2009
National Commission for Population and Development, National strategy for demographic security
OECD, 1986, Glossary of Terms Used in Evaluation, in 'Methods and Procedures in Aid Evaluation',
Paris
OECD, 1991, The DAC Principles for the Evaluation of Development Assistance, Paris
OECD, 2000, Glossary of Evaluation and Results Based Management (RBM) Terms, Paris
UECE, Road Map for Mainstreaming Ageing - Republic of Moldova, pre-final draft report 2011
UN Moldova, Moldova Country Analysis 2011
UN Moldova, UNDAF Evaluation Report 2011
UN Moldova, MDG Report 2010
UNDP and UNFPA Moldova, Institutional Development Outcome Evaluation February 2010
UNDESA & UNFPA Moldova, Family and Family Related Issues - for the Republic of Moldova,
Mission Report, February 21-27, 2011
UNDG, Results Based Management Handbook, March 2010.
UNDP Moldova, National Human Development Report 2010/2011 – From Social Exclusion to Inclusive
Human Development.
United Nations Evaluation Group (UNEG), Standards for Evaluation in the UN System, 2005/04
UNFPA EECARO, Mid-TermReviewRegionalProgramme2008-2013March 2011
UNFPA EECARO, Regional Plan Eastern Europe Central Asia 2008-2013
UNFPA 2010, Biennial Report on Evaluation, DP/FPA/2010/19
UNFPA 2009, Background Note, Oral briefing on the development of the UNFPA evaluation policy
UNFPA 2009, UNFPA Evaluation Policy, DP/FPA/2009/4
75
UNFPA 2007, Strategic plan, 2008-2011: Accelerating progress and national ownership of the ICPD
Programme of Action. DP/FPA/2007/17
UNFPA Moldova, Violence against Women in the Family in the Republic of Moldova, Second Draft
Report June 2011
UNFPA Moldova/IOM/UNDP/OSCE, Public Report on Human Touch Stories and Good practices
documented under the Project “Protection and Empowerment of Victims of Human Trafficking
and Domestic Violence in Moldova” – October 2008 at March 2011 (V. Ghimpu)
UNFPA Moldova, Report of the Advisory Mission to Chisinau, Moldova and Chuchares Romania, March
2011 (Joseph Troisi , International Institute of Ageing)
UNFPA Moldova, Women’s Vulnerability to HIV and AIDS in the Republic of Moldova 2010
(StelaBivol and Natalia Vladicescu)
UNFPA Moldova, Mission Report on 1) Rapid Review of the Reproductive Health Commodity Security
Status, and 2) Workshop for Advanced Training of Trainers for National Reproductive Health
Trainers, June 2010 (Katy J Shroff and MihaiCorciova)
UNFPA Modova, Sexual and Reproductive Health and Human Rights Report Moldova 2010 (Angelina
Zaporojan-Pirgari)
UNFPA Moldova, Family Policy for the Republic of Moldova, November 2010 (MihaelaRobila et al)
UNFPA Moldova, Extended Country Programme 2007-2012 Resource Mobilization Plan (RMP)
UNFPA Moldova, Self-assessment gender (no date)
UNFPA Moldova, COAR 2007
UNFPA Moldova, CPAP 2007 - 2011
UNFPA Moldova, GenderReport 2007
76
A.5 Terms of Reference (approved by EECARO on Wed 6/1/2011)
Terms of Reference for

International Consultant (Team Leader)
to evaluate UNFPA Moldova extended Country Programme (2007-2012)
77
UNFPA, United Nations Population Fund in Moldova
Position: International Consultant (Team Leader) to evaluate UNFPA Moldova
extended Country Programme (2007-2012) /P&D and RH Components
Duty Station: Chisinau, Moldova
Duration: 15 days
Starting Date: 4 July 2011 (tentatively)
Type of Contract: SSA
Direct UNFPA Contact: UNFPA Country Office in Moldova
CONTEXT
The UNFPA Moldova in close partnership with the Government and other National Counterparts
is currently in process of preparing the UNFPA Country Programme Evaluation, which is
mandatory procedure and should serve as a major input for the planning process of next UNFPA
CP cycle for the period of 2013-2017. The evaluation will assess all three Country Programme
components (a) reproductive health; (b) population and development; and (c) gender, which are
reflected in the Country Programme Action Plan (CPAP).
The UNFPA Evaluation will use standard criteria (relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impact and
sustainability of results) as well as the key issues of design, focus and comparative advantage of the
UNFPA. National counterparts will be major partner in the evaluation contributing both through data
from national systems and validation of UNFPA evaluation results.
The UNFPA evaluation process will also seek to capitalize on other evaluations that took place
earlier or at the same time, including the UNDAF Moldova Evaluation, Assessment of
Development Result (ADR) etc. The UNFPA evaluation will seek to be independent, credible
and useful, and will adhere to the highest possible professional standards in evaluation. It will be
responsive to the needs and priorities of the Republic of Moldova and provide accountability and
learning opportunities to the UNFPA and UN system. The evaluation will be conducted in a
consultative manner and will engage the participation of a broad range of stakeholders.
Please refer to the TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EVALUATION OF MOLDOVA

COUNTRY PROGRAMME (2007-2012) for more details on the proposed UNFPA CP
Evaluation.
TEAM STRUCTURE, OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE

The International Consultant is expected to evaluate two programme components i.e. Population
and Development (P&D) and Reproductive Health (RH) and to also act as Team Leader working
with a National Consultant who will evaluate the Gender component. The UNFPA Evaluation
will be conducted in close collaboration with the UNFPA Country Director for Moldova, UN RC
in Moldova, UNFPA CO and national counterparts.
78
EXPECTED TASKS AND DELIVERABLES
The International Consultant / Team Leader will be responsible for leading overall UNFPA
Moldova CP coordination and evaluation. His/her tasks include the following:
• Conclude on the formulation of the Evaluation Plan;

• Review background and reference materials provided by UNFPA CO;
• Lead the main data collection mission for both P&D and RH components and conduct
data collection in accordance with the Evaluation Plan;
• Guide Evaluation Team /National Consultant in his/her preparation of inputs to the
UNFPA Evaluation Report and draft strategic inputs to the Report as required;
• Compile inputs to UNFPA Evaluation. Prepare revisions, as needed, based on
comments provided by the stakeholders, UNFPA Country Director, UNFPA Country
Office etc.;
• Request any technical and analytical input needed from UNFPA CO and national
counterparts until the completion of Report;
• Present the findings of the Evaluation Report to the UNFPA Country Director,
UNFPA Programme Coordinator in Moldova and other stakeholders.
The specific deliverables of the UNFPA International Consultant / Team Leader are:
i) The Harmonized Evaluation Plan
ii) The UNFPA Evaluation Report (including relevant annexes). The final report should be prepared
in accordance with the Terms TOR for the Evaluation of the Moldova CP.
iii) Presentation of the findings to stakeholders.
National consultant for the Gender component – a local consultant with broad knowledge of the Moldova
Gender context will provide in-country support to the UNFPA Evaluation Team Leader, participating
with him/her in all stakeholder meetings and providing other technical and advisory support as required.
DURATION OF CONSULTANCY
The UNFPA Evaluation in Moldova is due to be completed between 4 - 22 July 2011. The
duration of each task is estimated in the table below.
Activity Estimated working days

Desk Review, conclusion on the Evaluation plan, main data 8
collection and analyses (in-country scoping mission) (Starting date - 4 July
2011)
Submission of draft UNFPA Evaluation Report 4
Revisions to the draft based on comments from various reviewers 3
(e.g. UNFPA EECARO, UNFPA Country Director, UN RC,
Gov) and finalization of the assigned section(s) and presentation
of UNFPA Evaluation Report to stakeholders
Total 15
BUDGET
79
The costs of the UNFPA evaluation will be covered from 2011 CP core funds.
The International Consultant /Team Leader will be remunerated in two stages based on the
quality and timeliness of the presented outputs, which are as follows: The first draft of the
UNFPA evaluation report prior on comments from various reviewers (30% of total fee). The
Final UNFPA evaluation report, incorporating the comments received from various stakeholders,
presented during a stakeholder meeting (70% of total fee).
REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE
• Advanced university degree (Master's or equivalent) in Health Economics, Social Policy, Public
health, Gender, Demography, Development or transition Studies, or relevant Social Sciences with
at least 8-10 years of relevant professional experience, including previous substantial involvement
in evaluations and/or reviews;
• Advanced relevant professional experience, including previous substantial involvement
in evaluations and/or reviews;
• Excellent knowledge of the UN system and UN common country programming
processes, UNDAF and UNFPA programme activities;
• Specialized experience and/or methodological/technical knowledge, including data
collection and analytical skills, particularly in one of the following areas: human rights-
based approaches to programming; gender considerations; Results Based Management
(RBM) principles; logic modelling/logical framework analysis; quantitative and
qualitative data collection and analysis; participatory approaches; Sector Wide
Approaches (SWA).
• Knowledge of development challenges in CEE/CIS region especially Moldova;
• Past experience as a team-leader in a related assignment (s);
• Previous experience on evaluation in Eastern European countries and a good
understanding of the culture and context will be an advantage but not necessarily
required;
• Good understanding of following approaches: Human Rights, Gender, participatory
evaluation and processes and results based management for monitoring and evaluation;
• Ability for the compilation of data and its quantitative and qualitative analysis within the
logical framework approach and problem tree analysis;
• Ability to work in partnership with various stakeholders: partners, governments,
beneficiaries on sensitive issues like reproductive health;
• Proven experience in policy development and analysis around reproductive health,
gender, population issues and poverty reduction strategies highly desirable;
80
• Experience and understanding of UN programming processes. Knowledge of UN reforms
and Delivering as One highly desirable;
• Experience and skills in using evidence-based, knowledge base creation and ability to
develop systems for improved performance;
• Experience on evaluation of UN supported programmes will be an added advantage;
• The Evaluation Report will be prepared in English. A good command and knowledge of
the English language is essential. Knowledge of Romanian or Russian will be an asset.
• Excellent report writing, communication, interviewing and computer skills;
• An understanding of and ability to abide by the values of the United Nations;
• Awareness and sensitivity in working with people of various cultural and social
backgrounds.
81

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UNFPA – MOLDOVA

Outcome Evaluation of the UNFPA

Submitted by Thomas Otter and

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 2

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 4

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 5

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 6

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 7

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 8

• Enhance monitoring and evaluation as well as Results Based Management capacities of

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 9

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 10

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 11

TheUNFPA countryprogramme(2007-2011/12)wasdevelopedinclose cooperationwithnationalpartners,

The UNFPACountryProgramme is strategically embeddedwithintheUnited Nations Development

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 12

Strategies for the achievement of these results were expected to be:

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 13

Activities9 ExpectedOutputs Outputtargetsand indicators ExpectedOutcomes Impact10

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH (RH)

POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT (P&D)

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 15

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 16

Millennium Development Goals and Human Development

Health, exclusion, vulnerable groups and health reform12

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 18

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 19

Poverty, Income and Inequality

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 20

Decentralization and Local Development

Transnistria frozen conflict

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 21

4. Methodology and Limitations of the Evaluation

• Document Review, including relevant UNDP, partner programme documents, government

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 22

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 23

5. Purpose, scope, objectives and key questions of the evaluation

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 24

5.3 Objectives and key evaluation questions

5.3.1 KeyEvaluation Criteria and Specific Evaluation Questions

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 25

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 26

UNFPA Moldova Extended Country Programme (2007-2011/12) 27

6.1 Status of the Outcome

6.1.1 Reproductive Health

UNFPA contributedsuccessfully to this outcome by promoting high-quality education on sexual and

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RH CP-Output 2: Increased availability of counselling and information services on sexual and

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6.1.2 Population and Development

PD CP-Output 1: Institutional capacity developed to establish a system to collect and analyse

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Gender CP-Output 1: Institutional capacity strengthened in selected regions to ensure effective

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Government priority activities (selected)

Source: Government of Moldova Activity Plan 2010-2014

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