LESSON 2

 The Philippine Constitution

(Preamble, Bill of Rights and
Duties and Responsibilities of
Filipino Citizen)

 The Flag and Heraldic Codes

of the Philippines
 Lesson Objectives:
• Understand the role of the
constitution for the country
and its people.
• Discuss the concepts of
nationalism, patriotism, and
citizenship
• Develop a deeper appreciation
of nationalism and Philippine
citizenship and its concomitant
privileges, duties, and
responsibilities; and
Overview…
• The Philippine Constitution (Saligang Batas ng
Pilipinas) is the supreme law of the Republic of
the Philippines
• It was ratified by a national plebiscite on
February 2, 1987
• The Philippine Constitution of 1987 is the recent
among the constitutions ratified since the
country’s independence on 1898
• The 1899 Malolos Constitution (1899-1901)
• The 1935 Constitution (1935-1943, 1945-
1973)
• The 1943 Constitution (1943-1945)
• The 1973 Constitution (1973-1986)
Somehow, to achieve our lesson’s objective, .
we will focus on the following:
• Preamble
• Bill of Rights
• Duties and Responsibilities of Filipino Citizen
 The Preamble
• The term preamble was derived from the Latin term
preambulare, which means, “to walk before.”
• It is an invocation or the opening prayer in any
activity or the prologue of the constitution,
invoking the highest sovereign God Almighty to bless
this instrument.
• It is not an integral part of the constitution and
could not be enforced, however, its significance is
that studies show that almost all of the
constitutions made contain a preamble.
 The Preamble – 1987 Philippine Constitution

“We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of

Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane
society, and establish a Government that shall embody
our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good,
conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to
ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of
independence and democracy under the rule of law and
a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and
peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.”
 ARTICLE III:
The Bill of Rights
Defined as a declaration and enumeration of
the individual rights and privileges which the
Constitution is designed to protect against
violations by the government or by individual
or groups of individuals
 Classification of Rights
1.Natural Rights – possessed by every citizen without being granted by the State for they are
conferred by God so that human being may live a fulfilled life. Examples: the right to live ; the right to
love.
2. Constitutional Rights- conferred and protected by the Constitution. They cannot be modified or
taken away by the laws-making body. Constitutional Rights are classified as follows:
1.Political Rights – clothes the citizens with the power to participate , directly or indirectly, in
the establishment or administration of the government. Ex. right of citizenships; suffrage.
2.Civil Rights – enforced by law at the instance of private individuals for the purpose of
securing to them the enjoyment of their means of happiness.
3. Social and Economic Rights – intended to ensure the well- being and economic security of
the individual.
4. Rights of the Accused – intended for the protection of a person accused of any crime.
3.Statutory Rights – provided by laws promulgated by the law-making body and may be abolished
by the same body.
 The Rights of the individual as
provided under the Bill of Rights
Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of laws, nor
shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.
Section 2. The right of persons to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against
unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature for any purpose shall be inviolable ,
and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined
personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the
witness he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the person or
things to be seized.
Section 3. (1) The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon
lawful order of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise, as prescribed by law.
(2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall be inadmissible for any
purpose in any proceeding
 The Rights of the individual as
provided under the Bill of Rights
Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or
of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the
government for redress of grievances.
Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious
profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be
allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political
rights.
Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed
by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall
the right to travel be impaired except in the interest of national security, public
safety, or public health, as may be provided by law.
 The Rights of the individual as
provided under the Bill of Rights
Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern
shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents and papers
pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to government
research data used as basis for policy development, shall be afforded the citizen,
subject to such limitations as may be provided by law.
Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private
sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to
law shall not be abridged.
Section 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just
compensation.
Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.
Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal
assistance shall not be denied to any person by reason of poverty.
 The Rights of the individual as
provided under the Bill of Rights
Section 12. (1) Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the
right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent
counsel preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must
be provided with one. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of
counsel.
(2) No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free will
shall be used against him. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar
forms of detention are prohibited.
(3) Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible
in evidence against him.
(4) The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of this section as well as
compensation to and rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices, and their
families.
 The Rights of the individual as
provided under the Bill of Rights
Section 13. All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when evidence
of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on recognizance
as may be provided by law. The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ
of habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be required.
Section 14. (1) No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law.
(2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is proved, and
shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the
accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and
to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence in his
behalf. However, after arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused
provided that he has been duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustifiable.
Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion or
rebellion when the public safety requires it.
Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-
judicial, or administrative bodies.
 The Rights of the individual as
provided under the Bill of Rights
Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.
Section 18. (1) No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and
aspirations.
(2) No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment for a crime whereof
the party shall have been duly convicted.
Section 19. (1) Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman
punishment inflicted. Neither shall the death penalty be imposed, unless, for compelling
reasons involving heinous crimes, the Congress hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty
already imposed shall be reduced to reclusion perpetua.
(2) The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment against any prisoner or
detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate penal facilities under subhuman conditions
shall be dealt with by law.
 The Rights of the individual as
provided under the Bill of Rights
Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll
tax.

Section 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the
same offense. If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or
acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for the
same act.

Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.

 Citizenship denotes membership
of a permanent character in a
political community. A citizen of
ARTICLE IV: a state is one who owes
allegiance to it and is
Citizenship correspondingly entitled to its
protection
 Methods of Acquiring Citizenship

A. Citizenship by birth
1. Jus sanguinis – under this principle a child follows the nationality or
citizenship of the parents regardless of the place of birth.
2. Jus soli- under this principle a child’s citizenship is determined by the
place of birth.
B. Citizenship by naturalization
Naturalization refers to an act whereby person acquires a citizenship
different from that person’s citizenship at birth

*The Philippine law on citizenship adheres to the principle of jus sanguinis

 Duties and Obligation of a Citizen

1. To be loyal to the Republic

2. To defend the State.
3. To contribute to the development and welfare of the State.
4. To uphold the constitution and obey the laws.
5. To cooperate with the duly constituted authorities.
6. To exercise rights responsibly and with due regard for the rights of
others.
7. To engage in gainful work
8. To register and vote.
 ARTICLE V:
SUFFRAGE

Suffrage is the right and obligation of a qualified

citizen to vote in the election of certain national
and local officials of the government and in the
decision of public questions submitted to the
people.
 Scope of Suffrage

1. Election- a political exercise whereby the sovereign people choose a

candidate to fill up an elective government position.
2. Plebiscite- a political right of sovereign people to ratify or reject
constitutional amendments or proposed laws.
3. Referendum- the right reserved to the people to adopt or reject any act
of measure which has been passed by a legislative body and which in most
cases would , without action on the part of the electors , becomes a law.
4. Initiative- the power of the people to propose bills and laws and to enact
or reject them at the polls , independent of the legislative assembly.
5. Recall – a system by which an elective official is removed by popular vote
the end of his term.
 Persons who are Disqualified to
Vote
1. Any person who has been sentenced by final judgement to suffer imprisonment for
not less than one year, such disability not having been removed by plenary pardon or
amnesty. But such person shall automatically reacquire the right to vote upon
expiration of five tears after service of sentence.
2. Any person who has been adjudged by final judgement by competent court or
tribunal of having committed any crime involving disloyalty to the duly constituted
government such as rebellion , sedition, violation of the ant subversion and firearms
laws, or any crime against national security , unless restored to his full civil and
political rights in accordance with law. Such person shall likewise automatically
regain his right to vote upon expiration of five years after service of sentence.
3. Insane or incompetent persons as declared by competent authority
 REPUBLIC ACT 8491

The Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines

AN ACT PRESCRIBING THE CODE OF

THE NATIONAL FLAG,
ANTHEM, MOTTO, COAT- OF- ARMS
AND OTHER HERALDIC ITEMS
AND DEVICES OF THE PHILIPPINES.
SECTION 1. Short Title . This act shall be known
as the “Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines.”

SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy – Reverence and respect shall at

all times be accorded the flag, the anthem and other national symbols
which embody the national ideals and traditions and which express the
principles of sovereignty and national solidarity. The heraldic items and
devices shall seek to manifest the national virtues and to inculcate in
the minds and hearts of our people a just pride in their native land,
fitting respect and affection for the national flag and anthem, and the
proper use of the national motto, coat-of-arms and other heraldic
items and devices.
SECTION 3. Definition of Terms

a. “Military” shall mean all branches of the Armed Forces of

the Philippines including the Philippine National Police,
the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, and the
Bureau of Fire Protection;

b. “Festoon” shall mean to hang in a curved shape between

two points as a decoration;

c. “Flag” shall mean the Philippine National Flag, unless

stated otherwise;
d. “Fly” shall mean the part of the flag outside the hoist or
length;

e. “Symbol” shall mean any conventional sign which reveals

man’s achievement and heroism (for orders and decorations),
identification, authority and a sign of dignity (for coat-of-
arms, logo and insignia);
f.“Half-Mast” shall mean lowering the flag to one-half the
distance between the top and bottom of the staff;
g. “Hoist” shall mean the part of the flag nearest the staff or
the canvass to which the halyard is attached;

h. “Inclement Weather” shall mean that a typhoon signal is raised in the locality;

i. “National Anthem” shall mean the Philippine National Anthem’

j. “Official Residences” shall mean Malacañang, and other government-owned

structures where the President resides, and other structures occupied by the
Philippine Consulate or Embassies abroad;

k. “Places of Frivolty” shall mean places of hilarity marked by or providing boisterous

merriment or recreation; and

l. “Institute” shall mean the National Historical Institute.

 Chapter 1
THE NATIONAL FLAG
SECTION 4. The flag of the Philippines shall be
blue, white and red with an eight-rayed golden-
yellow sun and three five-pointed stars, as
consecrated and honored by the people.
SECTION 5. The flag shall be displayed in all public
buildings, official residences public plazas, and institutions
of learning everyday throughout the year.
SECTION 6. The flag shall be permanently hoisted, day and
night throughout the year, in front of the following;
at Malacanang Palace; the Congress of the Philippines
building; Supreme Court building; the Rizal Monument in
Luneta, Manila; Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite;
Barasoain Shrine in Malolos, Bulacan; the Tomb of the
Unknown Soldier, Libingan ngmga Bayani; Mausuleo de
los Beteranos dela Revolucion; all International Ports of
Entry and all other places as maybe designated by the
Institute. The flag shall be properly illuminated at night
SECTION 7. The flag shall also be displayed in private buildings
and residences or raised in the open flag- staffs in front of said
buildings every:

⚫ April 9 (Araw ng Kagitingan)

⚫ May 1 (Labor Day);
⚫ May 28 (National Flag Day) to June 12 (Independence Day);
⚫ last Sunday of August (National Heroes Day);
⚫ November 30 (Bonifacio Day);
⚫ December 30 (Rizal Day);

and on such other days as may be declared by the President and/or

local chief executives.
The flag may also be displayed throughout the year in private
building s or offices or raised in the open on flag- staffs in front of
private buildings: Provided, that they observe flag-raising
ceremonies in accordance with the rules and regulations to be
issued by the Office of the President.

SECTION 8. All government agencies and instrumentalities, and

local government offices, government-owned corporations and
local government units are enjoined to observe flag day with
appropriate ceremonies. Socio-civic groups, non-government
organizations and the private sector are exhorted to cooperate in
making the celebrations a success.
SECTION 9. The flag shall be flown on merchant ships of
Philippine registry of more than one thousand (1000) gross
tons and on all naval vessels.

On board naval vessels, the flag shall be displayed on the

flagstaff at the stern when the ship is at anchor. The Flag
shall be hoisted to the gaff at the aftermast when the ship is
at sea.
SECTION 10. The flag, if flown from a flagpole, shall have
its blue field on top in time of peace and the red field on top
in time of war; if in a hanging position, the blue field shall
be to the right (left of the observer) in rime of peace, and
the red field to the right (left of the observer) in time of war.
SECTION 11. If planted on the ground, the flagpole shall be at a
prominent place and shall be of such height as would give the flag
commanding position in relation to the buildings in the vicinity.
If attached to a building, the flagpole shall be on top of its roof or
anchored on a sill projecting at an angle upward.
If on stage or platform or government office, the flag shall be at the left
(facing the stage) or the left of the office upon entering.
⚫ SECTION 12. When the Philippine flag is flown with
another flag, the flags, if both are national flags, must be
flown on separate staffs of the same height and shall be of
equal size. The Philippine flag shall be hoisted first and
lowered last.

⚫ If the other flag is not a national flag, it may be flown in the

same lineyard as the Philippine flag but below the latter and
it cannot be of greater size than the Philippine flag.
⚫ SECTION 13. When displayed with another flag,
the Philippine flag shall be on the right of the other
flag. If there is a line of other flags, the Philippine
flag shall be in the middle of the line.

When carried in a parade with flags, which are not

national flags, the Philippine flag shall be in front
of the center of the line.
⚫ SECTION 14. A flag worn out through wear and tear
shall not be thrown away. It shall be solemnly burned to
avoid misuse or desecration. The flag shall be replaced
immediately when it begins to show signs of wear and
tear..
SECTION 15. The flag shall be raised at sunrise and lowered at
sunset. It shall be on the mast at the start of official’office
hours, shall remain flying throughout the day.
 SECTION 16. The flag may be displayed:

a. Inside and /or outside a building, on stationary or

movable flagpole, it shall be placed at the left of the
observer as one enters the room.
SECTION 17. The flag shall be hoisted to the top
briskly and lowered ceremoniously.
The flag shall never touch anything beneath it, such as the
ground, flood, water or other objects.
After being lowered, the flag shall be handled and folded
solemnly as part of the ceremony.
SECTION 18. All government offices and educational
institutions shall henceforth observe the flag-raising
ceremony every Monday morning and the flag
lowering ceremony every Friday afternoon. The
ceremony shall be simple and dignified and shall
include the playing or singing of the Philippine
National Anthem.

SECTION 19. The office of the President upon the

recommendation of the Institute shall issue rules
and regulations for the proper conduct of the flag
ceremony.
SECTION 20. The observance of the flag ceremony in official or
civic gatherings shall be simple and dignified and shall include the
playing or singing of the anthem in its original Filipino lyrics and
march tempo.
SECTION 21. During the flag-raising ceremony, the assembly shall
stand in formation racing the flag.

At the moment the first note of the anthem is heard, everyone in

the premises shall come to attention; moving vehicles shall stop.
All persons present shall place their right palms over their chests,
those with hats shall uncover, while those in military, scouting,
security guard, and citizens military training uniforms shall give
the salute prescribed by their regulations, which salute shall be
completed upon the last note of the anthem.
The assembly shall sing the Philippine national anthem,
accompanied by a band, if available, and at the first note,
the flag shall be raised briskly.
The same procedure shall be observed when the flag is
passing in review or in parade.

SECTION 22. During the flag lowering, the flag shall be

lowered solemnly and slowly so that the flag shall be
down the mast at the sound of the last note of the
anthem. Those in the assembly shall observe the same
deportment or shall observe the same behavior as for the
flag-raising ceremony.
SECTION 23. The flag shall be flown at half-mast as a sign
of mourning on all buildings and places where it is
displayed, as provided for in this Act, on the day of official
announcement of the death of any of the following officials:
a. The President or a former President, for ten (10) days;
b.The Vice-President, the Chief Justice, the President of the Senate,
and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, for seven (7)
days; and
c.Other persons to be determined by the Institute, for any period less
than seven (7) days.

The flag shall be flown at half-mast on all the buildings and places where the
decedent was holding office, on the day of death until the day of interment of
an incumbent member of the Supreme Court, the Cabinet, the Senate or the
House of Representatives, and such other persons as may be determined by the
Institute.

The flag when flown at half-mast shall be first hoisted to the peak for a moment
then lowered to the half-mast position. The flag shall again be raised briskly to
the peak before it is lowered for the day.
 Casket
SECTION 24. The flag may be used to cover the caskets of the honored dead of the
military, veterans of previous wars, national artists, and of civilians who have
rendered distinguished service to the nation, as maybe determined by the local
government unit concerned. In such cases, the flag shall be placed such that the
white triangle shall be at the head and the blue portion shall cover the right side of
the caskets. The flag shall not be lowered to the grave or allowed to touch the
ground, but shall be folded solemnly and handed over to the heirs of the deceased.
 Pledge to the Flag
SECTION 25. The following shall be the Pledge of Allegiance to the
Philippine Flag:

Ako ay Filipino
Buong katapatang nanunumpa Sa watawat ng Pilipinas
At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag
Na may dangal, katarungan at kalayaan Na pinakikilos ng
sambayanang
Maka-Diyos Maka-tao Makakalikasan at Makabansa
Such pledge shall be recited while standing with the right hand palm open
raised shoulder high. Individuals whose faith or religious beliefs prohibit them
from making such pledge must nonetheless show full respect when the pledge
is being rendered by standing at attention.
 Flag Days
⚫ SECTION 26. The period from May 28 to June 12 of each year is
declared as Flag Days, during which period all offices, agencies and
instrumentalities of government, business establishments, institutions
of learning and private homes are enjoined to display the flag.
 Specifications of the National Flag
SECTION 27. The flag shall have the following proportions.
The width of the flag, 1; the length of the flag, 2; and the sides
of the white triangle, 1.

SECTION 28. The technical specifications shall be as follows:

The blue color shall bear Cable No. 80173; the white color, Cable
No. 80001 the red color, Cable No. 80108; and the golden
yellow, Cable No. 80068.
SECTION 29. In order to establish uniform criteria in the making of
our national flag and to guarantee its durability by the use of quality
materials, the following standards and procedures shall be observed:

⚫ a. All requisitions for the purchase of the Philippine National Flag

must be based on strict compliance with the design, color,
craftsmanship and material requirements of the Government.

⚫ b. All submitted samples of flags by accredited suppliers offered for

purchase for government use shall be evaluated as to design, color
and craftsmanship specifications by the Institute, through its
Heraldry and Display Section, which shall stamp its approval or
disapproval on the canvass reinforcement of the flag sample
submitted. The samples shall be sent to the Institute by the
requisitioning office, not by the flag supplier; and
⚫ c. The Industrial Technology Development Institute (ITDI)
or the Philippine Textile Research Institute (PTRI) of the
Department of Science and Technology (DOST) shall
evaluate the quality of material of all flag samples and
certify whether the fabric for the blue, white, red and golden
yellow colors, including the canvass submitted, conforms to
government requirement as to quality of the material. The
samples shall be submitted by the said office to the
Institute.
SECTION 30. All deliveries of the flags requisitioned by the government
shall be inspected by the requisitioning agency’s internal inspector and
by the Commission on Audit (COA) using the flag stamped approved by
the Institute as reference.
SECTION 31. In carrying out its responsibilities under Section 4 hereof,
the Institute, COA, the ITDI/PTRI shall prepare guidelines to be
approved by the Office of the President.
SECTION 32. All government agencies and instrumentalities shall
ensure that the requirements under this Act with respect to the
standards, requisitions and delivery of the national flag are strictly
complied with.
SECTION 33. All departments, agencies, offices, and instrumentalities of
the government, government-owned or controlled corporations, local
government units, including barangays, shall include in their annual
budgets the necessary outlay for the purchase of the national flag.
 Prohibited Acts
SECTION 34. It shall be prohibited:
a. To mutilate, deface, defile, trample, on or cast contempt any act or
omission casting dishonor or ridicule upon the flag over its surface;

b. To dip the flag to any person or object by way of compliment or salute;

c. To use the flag:

1. As a drapery, festoon,
tablecloth
2. As covering for ceilings, walls,
statues or other objects;
3. As a pennant in the hood,
side, back and top of motor
vehicles;
4. As a staff or whip;
5. For unveiling monuments
or statues; and
6.As trademarks or for
industrial, commercial or
agricultural labels or designs.
d. Display the flag:

1.Under any painting or

picture;
2.Horizontally face-up. It
shall always be hoisted aloft
and be allowed to fall
freely;
3.Below any platform; or
4.In discotheques, cockpits,
night and day clubs,
casinos, gambling joints
and places of vice or where
frivolity prevails.
e. To wear the flag in whole or in
part as a costume or uniform;
f. To add any word, figure,
mark, picture, design,
drawings, advertisements, or
imprint of any nature on the
flag;
g. To print, paint or attach
representation of the flag on
handkerchiefs, napkins,
cushions, and other articles of
merchandise;
h. To display in public any
foreign flag, except in
embassies and other
diplomatic establishments,
and in offices of international
organizations.
i. To use, display or be part of
any advertisement of
infomercial; and
j. To display the flag in front of
buildings or offices occupied
by aliens.
 CHAPTER II
THE NATIONAL ANTHEM
SECTION 35. The National Anthem is entitled Lupang Hinirang.

SECTION 36. The National Anthem shall always be sung in the national language within or
without the country. The following shall be the lyrics of the National Anthem.

Bayang Magiliw Perlas ng May dilag ang tula

Silanganan Alab ng puso At awit sa paglayang minamahal.
Sa Dibdib mo’y buhay. Ang kislap ng watawat mo’y Tagumpay
Lupang Hinirang, Duyan na nagniningning; Ang bituin at araw
ka ng magiting, Sa niya, Kailan pa may di magdidilim Lupa
manlulupig ng araw, ng luwalhati’t pagsinta,
Di kapasisiil Buhay ay langit sa piling mo;
Sa dagat at bundok, Sa Aming ligaya na pag may ,mang – aapi,
simoy at sa langit mong Ang mamatay ng dahil sa yo.
bughaw,
SECTION 37. The rendition of the National Anthem, whether played
or sung, shall be in accordance with the musical arrangement and
composition of Julian Felipe.

SECTION 38. When the National Anthem is played at a public

gathering, whether by a band or by singing or both, or reproduced by
any means, the attending public shall sing the anthem. The singing
must be done with fervor.

As a sign of respect, all persons shall stand at attention and face the
Philippine flag, if there is one displayed, and if there is none, they
shall face the band or the conductor. At the first note, all persons
shall execute a salute by placing their right palms over their left
chests. Those in military, scouting, citizen’s military training and
security guard uniforms shall give the salute prescribed by their
regulations. The salute shall be completed upon the last note of the
anthem.
The anthem shall not be played and sung for mere recreation,
amusement or entertainment purposes except on the
following occasions:

a. International competitions where the Philippines is the host or

has a representative;
b.Local competitions;
c. During “signing off” and “signing on” of radio broadcasting
and television stations;
d.Before the initial and last screening of films or before the
opening of theater performances; and
e. Other occasions as may be allowed by the Institute.
SECTION 39. All officials and employees of the national and
local governments, and any agencies or instrumentalities
thereof, including government- owned or controlled
corporations, privately-owned entities of offices displaying
the national flag and government institutions of learning are
hereby directed to comply strictly with the rules prescribed
for the rendition of the anthem. Failure to observe the rules
shall be a ground for administrative discipline.
 CHAPTER III
THE NATIONAL MOTTO

SECTION 40. The national Motto shall be

“MAKA-DIYOS,
MAKA-TAO,
MAKAKALIKASAN AT MAKABANSA.”
 CHAPTER IV
NATIONAL COAT-OF-ARMS

SECTION 41. The National Coat-of-

Arms shall have:
Paleways of two (2) pieces, azure and
gules; a chief argent studded with three
(3) mullets equidistant from each other;
and, in point of honor, ovoid argent over
all the sun rayonnant with eight minor
lesser rays. Beneath shall be the scroll
with the words “REPUBLIKA NG
PILIPINAS,” inscribed thereon.
 CHAPTER V
THE GREAT SEAL
SECTION 42. The Great Seal shall be circular in
form, with the arms as described in the preceding
section, but without the scroll and the inscription
thereon. Surrounding the whole shall be a double
marginal circle within which shall appear the words
“Republika ng Pilipinas.” For the purpose of
placing The Great Seal, the color of the arms shall
not be deemed essential but tincture representation
must be used.

The Great Seal shall bear the National Motto.

SECTION 43. The Great Seal shall be affixed to or

placed upon all commissions signed by the President
and upon such other official documents and papers
of the Republic of the Philippines as may be
provided by law, or as may be required bv custom
and usage. The President shall have custody of the
Great Seal.
⚫ SECTION 44. Any government entity, including the military,
may adopt appropriate coat-of-arms, administrative seals, logo,
insignia, badges, patches, banners and initiate awards, citations,
orders or decorations, as may be authorized by the Congress or
the Office of the President.

⚫ SECTION 45. Such heraldic devices and items shall be filed with
the Institute for recording and evaluation as to precedence,
design, customs and traditions. The institute shall promulgate the
corresponding rules and regulations which shall be submitted for
approval to the Office of the President or to Congress.
⚫ SECTION 46. All government offices including the military are
hereby ordered to purchase all heraldic items and devices from
manufacturers accredited and authorized by the Institute. Such
items and devices shall be subject to inspection by the
purchasing agency’s internal inspector and the COA
representative using the design and specifications approved by
the Office of the President or by the Congress, through the
Institute.

⚫ SECTION 47. No government official or employee shall accept

any orders or decorations from any foreign government without
the consent of Congress, and without the prior evaluation and
documentation of such order or decoration by the Institute.
 CHAPTER VII
PENALTIES
⚫ SECTION 50. Any person or judicial entity which violates
any of the provisions of this Act shall, upon conviction, be
punished by a fine of not less than Five thousand pesos
(5,000.00) not more than Twenty thousand pesos
(P20,000.00), or by imprisonment for not more than one (1)
year, or both such fine and imprisonment, at the discretion
of the court: Provided, That for any second and additional
offenses, both fine and imprisonment shall always be
imposed: Provided, That in case the violation
is commited by a juridical person, its President or
Chief Executive Officer thereof shall be liable.
Philstar global https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2018/06/27/1828434/did-momoland-
violate-law-using-philippine-flags
UE Student

By: Aries Joseph Hegina - @inquirerdotnet INQUIRER.net / 01:43 PM February 11, 2016
Activity:
Bill of Rights:
1. Research at least 3 violations of the fundamental human
rights under the Duterte administration

Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines

1. What are common violations committed against the Philippine Flag
2. Research on actual articles published on violations against the
Philippine Flag.
BASIC CONCEPT OF
DISASTER AND
DISASTER RISK
This topic is focused on the meaning of disaster and explain
how and when an event becomes a disaster. It also explores
the effects of disaster to one’s life. Generally, it explains and
differentiate the risk factors underlying disasters as well.
Definitions and Terminology
Hazard -is defined as “a process, phenomenon or human
activity that may cause loss of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption or
environmental degradation”. Hazards may be single, sequential
or combined in their origin and effects. Each hazard is
characterized by its "location, intensity or magnitude, frequency,
and probability".
Exposure- is defined as “the situation of people,
infrastructure, housing, production capacities and other
tangible human assets located in hazard-prone areas”. As
stated in the UNIDRR glossary, “measures of exposure can
include the number of people or types of assets in an area.
Vulnerability- is defined as “the conditions determined by physical, social,
economic and environmental factors or processes which increase the
susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets or systems to the impacts
of hazards”. Examples include, but are not limited to; poor design and
construction of buildings, inadequate protection of assets, lack of public
information and awareness, high levels of poverty and education, limited
official recognition of risks and preparedness measures, weak institutions, and
governance (e.g. corruption etc.).
Disaster Risk Reduction - aimed at preventing new and
reducing existing disaster risk and managing residual risk,
all of which contribute to strengthening resilience and
therefore to the achievement of sustainable
development". The UNDRR definition further annotates
that “disaster risk reduction is the policy objective of
disaster risk management, and its goals and objectives are
defined in disaster risk reduction strategies and plans".
Disaster Risk Management- is the application of
disaster risk reduction policies and strategies, to prevent
new disaster risks, reduce existing disaster risks, and
manage residual risks, contributing to the strengthening
of resilience and reduction of losses
Philippines as Disaster Prone Country
Philippines, by virtue of location, climate, and topography,
is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world.
(Alampay, 2014).
The country comprises more than 7,107 islands, of which
only about 2,000 are inhabited, with 299,764 square
kilometers and 36,000 kilometers coastline leaving plenty
of exposed coasts at the mercy of wind and rain.
Each year, the Philippines gets an average of 20 typhoons
crossing its area of responsibility due to the country’s
geographical and physical characteristics.
It is basically the world’s largest archipelago, spanning 1,850
kilometres from North to South.
 It is located along the North Pacific Basin, the world’s most
active typhoon belt.
This is where 75% of typhoons originated, an average of 20 to
30 typhoons per year.
 The Philippines has an average of 20 earthquakes a day and 100 to 200 every
year.
 It has more than 300 volcanoes (22 are active)
 Frequent natural disasters in the atmosphere and ocean take place because of
the location of the Philippines in the Earth which is above the equator that is
caused by the three bodies of water: on the west and north by the West
Philippine Sea: on the east by the Pacific Ocean: and on the south by the
Celebes Sea and the coastal waters of Borneo.
 Based on the World Risk Report, the top 3 most exposed countries
to disasters are Vanuatu, Tonga and Philippine.
 WORLD RISK INDEX
RANK COUNTRY RISK (%)
Rank of Philippines:
1 VANUATA 36.50

2 PHILIPPINES 28.25

3 TONGA 28.23 • 9th in 2009

4 GUATEMALA 20.68 • 6th in 2010
5 BANGLADESH 19.37 • 3rd in 2011
6 SOLOMON ISLAND 19.18 • 3rd in 2012
7 COSTA RICA 17.33
• 3rd in 2013
•
8 EL SALBADOR 17.12

9 CAMBODIA 7.12
2nd in 2014
10 PAPUA NEW GUINEA 16.74
• 3nd in 2015
11 TIMOR-LESTE 16.41 • 3rd in 2016
12 BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 16.23

13 NICARAGUA 14.87 Study by : UN University Institute for Environment and

HumanSecurity Reference:
14 MAURITIUS 14.78
http://weltrisikobericht.de/wpcontent/uploads/2016/08/WorldRi
15 GUINEA-BISSAU 13.75 skReport2016.pdf
 According to the latest report of UN Office for Disaster Risk
Reduction (UNISDR), the Philippines ranks fourth among countries
hit by the highest number of disasters over the past 20 years.
 Based on the report “The Human Cost of Weather Related Disasters
(1995-2015)” , the country is also among the top 10 countries with the
highest absolute number of affected people (130 million).
 The Global Assessment Report 2015 (UNISDR) reveals that the
Philippines is the 5th most vulnerable country in terms of disaster risk
implications for development capacity.
 In the study conducted by World Bank, the Philippines was reported to
have incurred an average cost of 15 billion pesos per annum in direct
damages between 1970 and 2000; yielding an average of about 866
casualties per year (Chadian & Diola, 2006).
 Since the 1990’s, five of the most destructive typhoon seen in the
century alone have hit the Philippines, and these typhoons have affected
a total of 23 million people (Alojado, as cited in Ong, Tan, Challoy,
Aquino & Pineda,2014).
Super TYPHOON YOLANDA (international Codename: HAIYAN)

 Last 2013, typhoom Haiyan crossed the 600 km diameter of the Philippine
archipelago bringing strong winds, heavy rainfall, and storm surges that caused
extreme loss of lives and widespread damage to property;
 There were 6,300 deaths, 1,061 missing, and 28,689 injured
because of the storm ( Lagmay et al., 2014)
Tropical Storm Ondoy (Ketsana) Typhoon Pepeng (Parma)
September 2009 October 2009

 Category 1 Storm
 Rainfall recorded as approximately 450mm (extremely rare occurrence)
 Generated high flooding in the Marikina River
 Extensive flooding in Metro Manila
Effects of Ondoy and Pepeng
 There were 956 of death, 84 missing and 736 injured people from
the typhoon Ondoy and Pepeng. A total of 9.3 million out of 43.2
million Filipinos were affected.
 Economic: damage and losses equivalent to about 2.7% of GDP;
amounts to a total of US$4.38 billion
Bohol Earthquake
 On October 15, 2013 (8:12AM), the Philippines experienced the 7.2
magnitude earthquake with 3,198 aftershocks.
 There were 222 death, 976 injured, and 8 missing people. 73,002 houses
and 41 bridges were damaged, 18 roads were affected.
 2,257,337,182.90 cost of damages
CONCEPT OF DISASTER
 Derived from Middle French “desastre” and from Old Italian disastro,
which in turn comes from the Greek pejorative prefix (dus-)” bad” and
aster, “star”. The root of the word disaster (bad star) in Greek comes from
an astrological sense of a calamity blamed on the sight of planets.

 WHO- DISASTER= event involving 100 or more persons, with 10 or more

deaths, an official disaster declaration, or an appeal for assistance.
 Disaster = Vulnerability+ Hazard
Capacity

Disaster is a result of a combination of:

 Exposure to the hazard;
 Conditions of vulnerability that are present; and
 Insufficient capacity or measures to reduce or cope with the
potential negative consequences.
TYPES OF DISASTER
R.A 10121
“Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010.”
Aims to enforce the people’s constitutional rights to life and property by
acknowledging the root causes of susceptibility to disastrous events,
fostering the country's capacity for disaster risk reduction and management,
and establishing the resilience of local communities to disasters that are
brought about by man and nature alike.
 Natural Disaster - immediate impacts on human health and secondary impacts
further causing death and suffering from flood, landslide, fires, tsunamis. Etc.
 Environment emergencies - technological or industrial accidents, usually
involving the production, use or transportation of hazardous materials which
occur where these materials are produced, used of transported and forest fires
caused by human.
 Complex Emergencies - break-down of authority, looting and attacks on
strategic installations, including conflict situations and war.
 Pandemic emergencies - sudden onset of contagious disease that affects health,
disruption services, and business and ring economic and social costs
It can also be categorized as:
1. NATURAL DISASTER- originated from the different “FORCES”
of nature (geological, meteorological, hydrometeorological and
biological)
2. HUMAN-INDUCED DISASTER- occurs due to people’s actions
against human, material and environment.
NATURAL TYPES OF DISASTERS Human Made- and technological Types of Disasters
Agricultural diseases and pests Hazardous materials
Storm surge Power service disruption and blackout
Drought and water shortage- El Nino Nuclear power plant and nuclear blast
Earthquakes Radiological emergencies
Hurricanes and tropical storms Chemical threat and biological weapons
Landslide and debris flow Cyber attacks
Thunderstorm and lightning Explosion
Tornadoes Civil unrest
Tsunamis Fire
Wildfires Maritime accidents
Sinkholes Air craft crash
Emergency disease ( pandemic influenza) Land accidents
Extreme heat Industrial accidents
Floods and flash floods Pollution
La Nina Civil disturbance
Terrorism
Armed conflict
AFFECTED COMPONETS
 PEOPLE
 BUILDING /INFRACTRUCTURES
 ECONOMY
 ENVIRONMENT/ ECOSYSTEM
DISASTER IMPACTS
Loss of life
Injury
Disease
Human toll: dead, injured and
missing
Negative effects on:
 human physical, mental and social well-being,
 damage to property, destruction of assets, loss of
services,
 social and economic disruption and environmental
degradation
EFFECTS OF DISASTER:
Displaced populations
 One of the most immediate e.g. after super typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda), many were forced
to live elsewhere.
Health risks
 Considered secondary effect e.g. after flooding, the rate of water-borne diseases increases
Food scarcity
 After natural disasters, food becomes scarce e.g. typhoons may destroy acres of farm land
causing lifelong damage to children’s development.
Emotional aftershocks
 Young children may suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), an extreme trauma
lasting psychological damage and emotional distress
CONCEPT OF DISASTER RISK &
VULNERABILITY
 Disaster risk is usually described as a function of the
hazard and the vulnerability context, including the
resilience of the societal system under threat
 Factors that places a community at risk for disaster/s
may not be applicable to other communities
RISK
 the probability of harmful consequences, or expected losses resulting from
interactions between natural or human-induced hazards and vulnerable
conditions
 interaction between exposure to natural hazards including the adverse effects
of climate changes and the vulnerability of societies. (World Risk Report)

Disaster Risk Factors

 are variables that either aggravate or mitigate the
effects of hazards, affecting the degree or scope of a
disaster
OTHER FACTORS SPECIFIC TO THE SURVIVOR

Recovery is worse if survivor:

 not functioning well before the disaster

 have had no experience dealing with disaster
 must deal with other stressors after the disaster
 have poor self-esteem
 think they are uncared for by others
 think they have little control over what happens to them
 lack the capacity to manage stress
 Physical factors tangible objects or infrastructure, like the availability of fire exits,
or the sturdiness of the building, or the presence or absence of objects that can harm
you or help you, etc.
 Psychological factor include state of mental capacity and health (e.g. are we dealing
with babies? Kids? Adults?
People with special needs?), perception of self (e.g. self-assessment of capability to
respond to disasters, fear).
 Socio-cultural factors include religion, social status, traditions, perception by
society, etc
 Economic factors include assets and liabilities, income, economic class, etc.
 Political factor include government structure, diplomatic issues, etc.
 Biological factors include flora and fauna in environment, health, diseases, etc.
Activity
Poster making of disaster preparedness during pandemic
Students will make a poster showing the things that they do
to keep themselves and their family safe in this pandemic.

Criteria:
50% - Relativity to the theme
20% - Creativity
20% - Originality
10% - Timeliness of submission
References:

Bagolong, S. et al. (2016). Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction for Senior High School.malabon
City, Philippines. Mutya Publishing house, Inc.

Calilung, F. (2016). Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction for Senior High School. Mandaluyong
City.Phulippines. Books atbp. Publishing Corp.

Oliva, M. and Angeles, S. (2016). Distarer Readiness and Risk Reduction. Makati City, Philippines.
Diwa Learning Sytems Inc.

Quebral, V. (2016).Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction. Quezon City, Philipines,Lorimar

Publishing, Inc.
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
Introduction
 Human beings in order to manage well the
environment , must learn environmental
education.
 It is intended for all types of learners, students,
out of school youths, community, policy makers
and the general public to develop appropriate
environment-related skills.
Environmental Education focus may be given to three (3) major
concerns as follows:

 Water Quality
 Air Quality
 Solid Waste Management
What is Environmental Education?
 Is a process by which people will
develop awareness concern and
knowledge of the environment and
learn to use this understanding to
pressure , conserve and utilize the
environment in a sustainable manner
for the benefit of present and future
generation
The components of environmental education are:
 Awareness and sensitivity to the environment and
environmental challenges
 Knowledge and understanding of the environment
and environmental challenges
 Attitudes of concern for the environment and
motivation to improve or maintain environmental quality
 Skills to identify and help resolve environmental
challenges
 Participation in activities that lead to the resolution of
environmental challenges
WHY ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IS IMPORTANT?

 Environmental education provides

important opportunities for students to
become engaged in real world issues
that transcend classroom walls.
 They can see the relevance of their
classroom studies to the complex
environmental issues confronting our
planet and they can acquire the skills
they’ll need to be creative problem
solvers and powerful advocates.
RELATED LAWS IN
PROMOTING
ENVIRONMENTAL
EDUCATION
 Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 or RA 9275

 It aims to protect , preserve, revive the

quality of our fresh water , brackish and
marine water under the framework of
sustainable development.
 It mandated line agencies and local
government units to establish sewerage ,
septage and sewerage –septage facilities
in their respective localities or jurisdiction.
Boracay Environmental Issue and Manila Bay
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (RA 8749)

 It banned the incineration of

wastes, prohibited smoking
inside public buildings or
enclosed public places
including public vehicles and
provided stringent standard
for vehicle emission.
Solid Waste Management Act 0f 2000 RA 9003

 The law gives local

government units the power
to administer and manage
solid wastes in their
respective territories and
provide the framework on
how solid waste management
should be approached at the
local level.
 Objectives:
 Promote and protect the health, safety ,
peace, convenience and the general
welfare of the people.

 Regulate the generation, segregation,

collection, transportation and disposal of
solid waste.
 Maximize possible resource recovery, recycling, composting and
utilization by:
RE- use RE- cycle REduce
 Minimize pollution from harmful gases produce by needless burning
and go into controlled dumpsite /landfill.
Sample Activities
Planting Trees
Cleaning
Separating
Recycled Materials
Water Pollution
Land Pollution
Noise Pollution
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
CLIMATE CHANGE
 Climate change is a change in the
statistical distribution of weather over
periods of time that range from decades
to millions of years. It can be a change in
the average weather or a change in the
distribution of weather events around an
average (for example, greater or fewer
extreme weather events). Climate change
may be limited to a specific region, or
may occur across the whole Earth.
WHAT MAKES THE CLIMATE CHANGE?
 The Earth‘s climate is influenced
by many factors, mainly by the
amount of energy coming from the
sun, but also by factors such as
the amount of greenhouse gases
and aerosols in the atmosphere,
and the properties of the Earth‘s
surface, which determine how
much of this solar energy is
retained or reflected back to
space.
 CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
A.Natural causes
 Continental drift - The continents that we
are familiar with today were formed when the
landmass began gradually drifting apart, millions
of years back. This drift also had an impact on
the climate because it changed the physical
features of the landmass, their position and the
position of water bodies. The separation of the
landmasses changed the flow of ocean currents
and winds, which affected the climate.
 Volcanoes - When a volcano erupts, it
throws out large volumes of sulfur dioxide,
water vapor, dust, and ash into the
atmosphere. Although the volcanic activity may
last only a few days, yet the large volumes of
gases and ash can influence climatic patterns
for years.
 The gases and dust particles partially block the
incoming rays of the sun, leading to cooling.
Sulphur dioxide combines with water to form
tiny droplets of sulfuric acid.
 The earth's tilt - Changes in the
tilt of the earth can affect the
severity of the seasons - more tilt
means warmer summers and
colder winters; less tilt means
cooler summers and milder
winters.
 Ocean currents - The oceans are a
major component of the climate system.
They cover about 71% of the Earth and
absorb about twice as much of the sun's
radiation as the atmosphere or the land
surface.
 Ocean currents move vast amounts of
heat across the planet - roughly the same
amount as the atmosphere does. But the
oceans are surrounded by land masses,
so heat transport through the water is
through channels. Winds push horizontally
against the sea surface and drive ocean
current patterns.
B. Human causes
 Greenhouse gases and their
sources
Carbon dioxide - the most important
greenhouse gas in the atmosphere.
Changes in land use pattern,
deforestation, land clearing,
agriculture, and other activities have
all led to a rise in the emission of
carbon dioxide.
 Methane - about ¼ of all methane emissions
are said to come from domesticated animals
such as dairy cows, goats, pigs, and horses.
Methane is also emitted from landfills and
other waste dumps. If the waste is put into an
incinerator or burnt in the open, carbon
dioxide is emitted. Methane is also emitted
during the process of oil drilling, coal mining
and also from leaking gas pipelines (due to
accidents and poor maintenance of sites).
 Nitrous oxide - a large amount of
nitrous oxide emission has been
attributed to fertilizer application. This
in turn depends on the type of fertilizer
that is used, how and when it is used
and the methods of tilling that are
followed.

 Nitrogen - contributions are also

made by leguminous plants, such as
beans and pulses that add nitrogen to
the soil.
HUMAN CONTRIBUTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
 All of us in our daily lives contribute our bit to this change in the climate. Give these
points a good, serious thought:
 Electricity is the main source of power in urban areas. All our gadgets run on
electricity generated mainly from thermal power plants. These thermal power plants
are run on fossil fuels (mostly coal) and are responsible for the emission of huge
amounts of greenhouse gases and other pollutants.
 Cars, buses, and trucks are the principal ways by which goods and people are
transported in most of our cities. These are run mainly on petrol or diesel, both fossil
fuels.
 We generate large quantities of waste in the form of plastics that remain in the
environment for many years and cause damage.
We use a huge quantity of paper in our work at
schools and in offices.
 Timber is used in large quantities for construction
of houses, which means that large areas of forest
have to be cut down.
 POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE
 A. House & Garden
 1.Grow your own food. Planting things like
garden vegetables and herbs will help you eat
locally and organic.

 2.Redecorate with Eco-products. If you need to

repaint your house, use latex paint rather than
oilbased. Latex paint releases significantly fewer
harmful fumes while drying and smells a lot better
- it's healthier for you, too.
 3.Buy energy-efficient appliances. These will
require less energy to do their job, meaning lower
bills and less fossil fuels being burned.
 If you can't do this, use your existing appliances
efficiently; make sure the dishwasher and
washing machine are full before running them to
save energy and money.

 Hang-dry your laundry rather than putting it in

the dryer and put them outside on a
clothesline on dry days. Hang-drying will
also make your clothes last much longer.
4.Reduce your electricity use.

 Unplug your cell phone charger, TV and other

electronics from the wall when you are not
using them, because they use energy when
plugged in and on standby. The process can
be made easier if you have everything
plugged into a surge protector with its own
switch.
 Turn off lights and other energy-sucking
devices when they aren‘t being used.
 Replace older light bulbs
with energy-saving
fluorescent bulbs.
Fluorescent light bulbs are
a little more expensive, but
much more efficient - they
use about a seventh of the
power and last about 12
times longer.
 Use solar lights.
 Replace fluorescent light bulbs with Ultra Compact
LEDs (UCLEDs). These use less energy and last
longer than fluorescent light bulbs. Additionally
UCLEDs do not contain any dangerous mercury.
Even though LED light bulbs are currently more
expensive, remember that your money is spent for
a good cause: it will pay for the development of
cheaper and more effective generation of LEDs.

 If you're leaving your computer for a while, put it

on stand-by. You'll be able to restart it quickly, and
it'll take less energy than shutting it down and then
restarting it.
 5.Reduce the usage of
refrigerants and air-
conditioners.

 6. Pack your refrigerator more

tightly to reduce cooled air.
B. Water Conservation
1.Take short showers and share bathwater. Showers use much less water. The other choice is to fill
a bucket with water and take a can or a jug, and keep filling it with water from the bucket and
pouring it over your head - if you have some extra water save it for some other person to use. You
can lather yourself up with the water turned off in the middle of the shower.
2.Pollute less. When washing dishes, wash greasy pans last to keep the water clean.
3.Turn off taps properly. Especially when brushing your teeth - every little bit helps.
4.Fix dripping taps. The constant drip wastes water, energy and money, so repair them as soon as
possible. You can also save by installing an inexpensive "flow control" device in shower heads and
faucets.
5.Use appliances efficiently. Running the clothes washer with a full load and using cold water (30
degrees Celsius) whenever possible can lead to big energy savings. Use detergents that clean
clothes effectively in colder water.
 C.Transportation
 1.Use a bike. With gas prices so high, it will
pay for itself. Ride it to work or school, for
short distances, to run errands, or to have
fun. Everyone benefits when you ride a bike.
You help conserve our limited oil resources,
you are not polluting, and you are exercising.

 2.Walk short distances rather than drive.

It may be convenient to drive, but let's face
it, it probably takes longer than walking
would, and emits pollutants to boot.
 3.Use public transportation or carpool for
long trips. These options may take a little
longer, but you can read, listen to headphones,
or talk to people instead of having to stare
straight ahead for the length of your commute.

 4.Consolidate your trips. If you must drive to

do grocery, shopping, etc., plan to do all weekly
errands on one day. You can get everything you
need in one trip, saving you money and time. It's
also more fuel efficient to start a car if it's
already warmed up.
 5.Research biodiesel. This is a diesel
made from a percentage of plant and
animal fat (in some cases reused fat).
This is not suitable for all diesel
engines.

 6.Research energy efficient,

electric, hybrid and diesel engines
when buying a new car, motorbike
or scooter.
D. Shopping
 1.Buy only post-consumer recycled paper
products, including toilet paper and tissues.
The paper industry is the third greatest contributor
to global warming emissions. Buying recycled is
as important as recycling - it’s called “closed loop"
recycling.

 2.Avoid using plastic bags from grocery

stores. Bring canvas bags to carry your grocery
items. Use re-useable bags and boxes. If you
need a plastic one, make sure you use it again
and again!
E. Community
1.Knowledge is power. Learn everything you can about global warming. What is it? How
does global warming work? Why is it happening? What are the causes? What are the
critics saying?
2.E-mail relevant articles to your friends and family to get them up to speed about global
warming.
3.Write to your local council to ask for environmentally minded services such as
recycling collection.
4.Educate yourself, you family, your friends, and everyone you meet. Our culture is just
waking up to issues that have existed for years. The more people are aware of the
issues the more likely they are to make decisions that will be constructive!
 WEEK 5

DRUG
EDUCATION
 WHAT IS DRUG ABUSE?
Drug abuse is the overuse or
consumption of drugs other than for
medical reasons.
 Drug Addiction
is characterized by a
compulsion to use a drug to
experience psychological or
physical effects despite any
deterioration in health, work, or
social activities.
SEVERAL FORMS OF
DRUG DEPENDENCY
TOLERANCE
HABITUATION
ADDICTION
SOME READILY
RECOGNIZABLE
SIGNS OF DRUG
ABUSE
1. Sudden shift in attitudes.
3. Highly excitable and displays fits of rage and aggression.
4. Unusual effort to conceal needle
marks on arms & wearing shades
to conceal reddish eyes…
5. Sudden regression from the usual and normal capabilities such
as from work, school or social habits.
6. Neglect of personal grooming, hygiene & appearances.
7. Engaging in petty crimes & other forms of mischiefs to support
the illicit habit.
8. Association with known drug abusers and persons with shady
character.
WHAT DRUGS
ARE
COMMONLY
ABUSED?
Sedatives
Drugs that may reduce anxiety
and excitement, lowered
inhibitions, slow pulse and
beating, lowered blood pressure,
poor concentration, confusion,
impaired coordination.
Hallucinogens
Drugs that affect sensation,
thinking, self-awareness and
emotion. Impaired balance and
coordination, increased heart
rate, panic attack, changes in
time and space perception,
delusions.
11/12/2021 @henrytordilla@ 17
Narcotics
Drugs that relieve
pain and often
induce sleep.
 Papaver Sompniferum
STIMULANTS
-Drugs that increase alertness and
physical disposition
- Increased heart rate, blood pressure,
metabolism, feelings of exhilaration,
energy, increased mental
alertness/rapid or irregular heartbeat,
reduced appetite, weight loss, heart
failure, insomnia
 Ephedra Vulgaris Plant
11/12/2021 21
11/12/2021 @henrytordilla@ 22
 Cocaine is a drug
from the leaves of
the Coca plant, a
shrub that
originated in South
America. This drug
affects the central
nervous system as a
stimulant.

11/12/2021 23
Volatile Substance
Chemical substances
that cause Central
Nervous System
depression.
 Volatile chemical substances that contain
psychoactive (mind/mood-altering) vapors to
produce a state of intoxication.
Ex: Glue and Adhesive Cement / Rugby / Super
Glue / Thinner

11/12/2021 @henrytordilla@ 25
 THE ILL
EFFECTS OF
DRUG ABUSE
PERSONAL
 A. Mental Health

1. Poor
Perception
2. Disorientation
3. Poor Judgment
4. Poor Memory
5. Prone to Psychiatric Illnesses
6. Physical Health
Malnutrition Hepatitis A,B,C

AIDS

Weakness, insomnia,
poor muscular coordination
FAMILY
1. Intense feeling of humiliation &
guilt felt by the family.
2. Self-esteem are generally low
among the family.
3. Spirit of unity is broken
4. Occurrence of domestic violence
5. Loss of valuables
COMMUNITY
1. Increase of petty crimes in the community

2. Increase of user & pusher

3. Fear of residents to drug dependents
especially at night.

4. Neighborhood association becomes inactive

CONSEQUENCES
OF DRUG
ABUSE
11/12/2021 @henrytordilla@ 44
EVERYBODY
COULD BE A
VICTIM
 She was one of the
biggest female artists of
her generation — with
a string of ’80s and
’90s hit singles like I
Wanna Dance with
Somebody and more
than 100 million
albums sold.

11/12/2021 @henrytordilla@ 54
 BEFORE

TODAY

11/12/2021 @henrytordilla@ 55
THREAT FOR
CHRONIC
DISEASES
11/12/2021 @henrytordilla@ 57
 TEN THINGS YOUR FRIENDS SHOULD
KNOW ABOUT DRUGS
1. ALL DRUGS ARE ESSENTIALLY POISONS
2. DRUGS AFFECT THE MIND
3. PEOPLE TAKE DRUGS TO GET RID OF UNWANTED FEELINGS
4. WHEN A DRUG WEARS OFF, THE PERSON WANTS MORE
5. MARIJUANA DAMAGES THE LUNGS NERVES AND BRAIN. IT IS A
DANGEROUS DRUG BECAUSE OF ITS HALLUCINOGENIC EFFECT.
6. SPEED CAN HOOK YOU EVEN AFTER ONLY ONE USE
7. ECSTASY IS ONE OF THE MOST DANGEROUS DRUGS
8. DRUGS RUIN CREATIVITY
9. DRUGS DULL ALL YOUR SENSES
10. DRUGS STAY IN THE BODY FOR YEARS AFTER YOU TAKE THEM
 WHAT CAN A PERSON DO TO
PREVENT DRUG ABUSE?
 Maintain good physical and mental health
 Use drugs properly. Most drugs are beneficial when used under
medical advice
 Understand your own self. Accept and respect yourself for what
you are.
 Develop your potentials. Engage in wholesome productive and
fulfilling activities
 Learn to relate effectively with others. Have somebody to whom
you can communicate your problems freely.
 Learn to cope with your problems and other stresses without the
use of drugs.
 Seek professional help if you feel you cannot cope up with your
problems.
 Develop strong moral and spiritual foundations.
FORMULA TO WIN THE FIGHT AGAINST
DANGEROUS DRUGS
N – Nurture your dreams
O – Obey authorities
D - Don’t even think about it
R - Resist negative pressure
U - Use healthy alternatives
G- God is the answer
S - Say NO!!!!

IMAGINE
DRUG LAWS: R.A.
9165
COMPREHENSIVE
DANGEROUS
DRUGS ACT OF
2002
ARTICLE II: SECTION 8
MANUFACTURE OF DANGEROUS DRUGS AND/OR CONTROLLED
PRECURSORS AND ESSENTIAL CHEMICALS.

The penalty of life imprisonment

to death and a fine ranging from
Five hundred thousand
pesos(P500,000.000) to Ten
million pesos (P10,000,000.00),
shall be imposed upon any
person, who, unless authorized
by law, shall engage in the
manufacture of any dangerous
drug.
 ARTICLE II: SECTION 10
DELIVERY OF EQIPMENT AND/OR PARAPHERNALIAS

The penalty of imprisonment

and ranging from twelve (12)
years and one (1) day to
twenty (20) years and a fine
ranging to one hundred
thousand pesos(P100.000.00)
to five hundred thousand
pesos(P500.000.00).
 ARTICLE II: SECTION 11
POSSESSION OF DANGEROUS DRUGS
Below 5 grams – Imprisonment of
12yrs & 1 day to 20years and
fine ranging Php300k-Php400k
5grms-9.99grms – Imprisonment
of 20 years to life imprisonment
and fine ranging from Php400k-
Php500k
10grms-49.99grms – Life
Imprisonment and fine ranging
from Php400k-Php500k
ARTICLE II: SECTION 12
POSSESSION OF EQUIPMENT, INSTRUMENT,
APPARATUS & OTHER PARAPHERNALIA FOR
DANGEROUS DRUGS

Imprisonment
ranging from
6mos & 1 day to
4 years and fine
ranging from
Php10k-Php50k
ARTICLE II: SECTION 15
USE OF DANGEROUS DRUGS
1st Offense: minimum
of 6 months &
rehabilitation
2nd Offense:
Imprisonment from
6yrs & 1 day to 12
yrs and fine ranging
to Php50k-Php200k
ARTICLE IV: SECTION 41
INVOLVEMENT OF THE FAMILY

The family shall be primarily

responsible for the education
and awareness of the members
of the family on the ill-effects
of dangerous drugs and close
monitoring of family members
who may be susceptible to
drug abuse
ARTICLE IV: SECTION 42
SCHOOL COUNCILS & CAMPUS
ORGANIZATIONS

All elementary, secondary, and

tertiary schools’ student councils
and Campus Organization shall
include in their activities a
program for the prevention of
and determine in the use of
dangerous drugs and referral for
treatment and Rehabilitation of
students for drug dependent.
ARTICLE IV: SECTION 43
SCHOOL CURRICULA
Instruction on drug
abuse prevention &
control shall be
integrated into the
elementary, secondary,
and tertiary curricula
of all public & private
schools.
ARTICLE IV: SECTION 44
HEADS, SUPERVISORS & TEACHERS OF SCHOOL
All school heads, supervisors, and
teachers shall be deemed person in
the authority are herby
empowered to apprehend, arrest,
or cause apprehend.
Failure to do so in either case
within reasonable period from the
time of discovery of the violation
shall after due hearing constitute
sufficient cause for disciplinary
action by the school authorities.
 Don Honorio Ventura State University
Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga

NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM/

Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga

CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICES

• LESSON 1: CITIZENSHIP
TRAINING
 INTRODUCTION:
This topic familiarizes the students of
the underpinning concepts, ideas, as well as
the legal bases of the National Service
Training Program (NSTP). The importance of
studying this subject is highlighted as the
role of the youth in nation-building cannot be
underestimated. This will likewise lay a
strong foundation of patriotism and advance
the involvement of students in public and
civic affairs.
 What is Citizenship Training?
Citizenship Training is a program
wherein it develops our characters to become
more mindful of our responsibilities, rights,
and roles in the society.
 The NSTP Law
National Service Training Program
An Introduction
•Republic Act (R.A.) 9163 – also known as
National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act
of 2001
•Republic Act 9163 is an act establishing the
National Service Training Program (NSTP) for
tertiary level students, amending for the
purpose Republic Act 7077 and Presidential
Decree 1708 and for other purposes.
•R.A. 9163 – enacted on January 23, 2002- date
of approval and signature of President Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo.
 What is the guiding principle in
establishing the NSTP?
Section 2 of R.A. 9163 affirms that it is
the prime duty of the government to serve and
protect its citizens. In turn, it shall be the
responsibility of the citizens to defend the
security of the state and in fulfillment thereof,
the government may require each citizen to render
personal, military or civil service.
What are the goals of the State from among the youth
in nation building?
In recognizing the vital role
of the youth in nation building, the
state shall promote their civic-
consciousness and develop their
physical, moral, spiritual,
intellectual and social well-being.
It shall inculcate in the youth
patriotism and advance their
involvement in public and civic
affairs.
What should the state do to pursue the aforementioned
goals?
The youth shall be
motivated, trained, organized
and mobilized in military
training, literacy, civic
welfare and other similar
endeavors in the service of the
nation.
 Are there any institutions not covered
by the NSTP?
Philippine Military Academy Philippine Merchant Marine
(PMA) Academy (PMMA)

National Defense College of the

Philippines ( NDCP) Philippine Public Safety College
(PPSC),

and other schools similar stature, in view of the

character of their institutions, shall not be
covered by the NSTP.
A. What is the National Service Training Program
law?
The National Service Training
Program (NSTP) law or Republic Act 9163
is a program aimed at enhancing civic
consciousness and defence preparedness
in the youth by developing the ethics of
service and patriotism while undergoing
training in any of its three (3) program
components, specifically designed to
enhance the youth’s active contribution
to the general welfare of Filipinos.
B. What are the program components
of the NSTP?
First is the “Reserve Officers
Training Corps” (ROTC) which is the
designed to provide military training to
tertiary level students in order to
motivate, train, organize and mobilize
then for national defense preparedness.
B. What are the program components
of the NSTP?
Second is the “Literacy Training
Service (LTS)” which is designed to
train the students to teach literacy and
numeracy skills to children out of
school youth and other segments of
society in need of their services.
B. What are the program components
of the NSTP?
Third is the “Civic Welfare Service
(CWTS)” which refers to activities contributory to
the general welfare and the betterment of life for
the members of the community or the enhancement of
its facilities, especially those devoted to
improving health, education environment
entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and moral of
the citizenry and other social welfare services.
 Who shall take the NSTP?
All incoming freshmen students,
male and female, enrolled in any
baccalaureate and in at least two (2)-
year technical-vocational or associate
courses, are required to complete one (1)
NSTP component of their choice as a
graduation requirement.
 Since when has NSTP been
implemented?
The NSTP has been implemented
since the start of school year
2002-2003.
 How is the NSTP taken up?
Each of the NSTP
components is undertaken for an
academic period of two(2)
semesters and is credited for
three (3) unit per semester
with fifty-four (54) to
ninety(90) training hours per
semester.
What if I cannot take the NSTP during
the regular semester?
One summer program in lieu
of the two (2) semester program
may be designed, formulated, and
adopted by (DND), (CHED), and
(TESDA), subject to the
capability of the school and the
Armed Force of the Philippines
(AFP) to handle the same.
What if the NSTP component of my choice is
not offered in my school?
• Schools that do not meet the required
number of students in order to conduct a
program component or do not offer the
component chosen by their students shall
allow the students to cross enroll to other
schools, irrespective of whether that
school is under CHED or TESDA; and for the
ROTC, whether they are managed by different
AFB Branches of Service.
• These students, however, shall be
subjected to the existing rules and
regulations of their school of origin and
the accepting school.
 The following students who
WHO will completed and complied with all the
set requirements given by the program.
become The student is required to attend
sessions/classes during the given time
NSTP as reflected on their schedule, submit
graduates? all necessary documents/requirements
needed. NSTP/CWTS 1 is a pre-
requisite subject before taking up
NSTP/CWTS 2, after passing the two
subject a student is now ready for
graduation and be given a certificate
of completion.
How much fee will be charged for anY enrolled
NSTP component?
No fees shall be collected for
any of the NSTP components except
basic tuition fees which should not
be more than fifty (50%) percent of
the charges of the school per
academic unit. As the students
enjoy free tuition as mandated by
CHED, they are not required to pay
any amount before enrolment.
 Are there any student incentives
provided for by the NSTP?
The following incentives are to be provided to students
when they take up NSTP:
a. A program of assistance/incentives for ROTC
students from DND which will be in accordance with
existing laws and regulations and subject to the
availability of funds:
b. A team of school authorities, CHED and TESDA which
shall ensure that health and accident group insurances
are provided to students enrolled in any of the NSTP
components; and
c. A special Scholarship Program for qualified NSTP
students which shall be administered by CHED and TESDA
subject to the availability of funds.
Who is responsible in supervising the students and the
delivery of the program?
• School authorities shall exercise
academic and administrative
supervision over the design,
formulation, adoption, and
implementation of different NSTP
components in their respective
schools.
• In the case of ROTC, the school
authorities and DND shall exercise
joint supervision over its
implementation.
 What lead CHED regional offices, TESDA
provincial and district offices and
agencies will DND – AFP through major service
monitor the reserve command and their ROTC units
implementati shall oversee and monitor the
implementation of the NSTP under their
on of the respective jurisdiction to determine
NSTP? if the trainings conducted are in
consonance with RA 9163.
 Is the NSTP available in all schools and
universities?
All higher and technical – vocational
educational institutions offer at least
one (1) of the NSTP components while
State Universities and colleges offer the
ROTC components and at least one other
NSTP components. Private schools that
have at least 350 student cadets offer
the ROTC component through its Department
of Military Science and Tactics (DMST)
 Importance of NSTP

It aims to promote and integrate values education, transformational

leadership, spirit of patriotism and nationalism and sustainable
social mobilization for youth development, community building and
national security.

We need to train and hone our youth to be the nation builder of

this society.

THE YOUTH IS THE HOPE OF OUR NATION! Let us start molding them to
be one…

Now is the right time…

Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga