CHAPTER – 7

Stages of Video
Production
Amir Ibrahim
Nov-2021
 Topics
●
What is a Video Production?
●
Pre-production Phase
●
Production Phase
●
Post-production Phase
●
Chroma Key
 What is a Video Production?
➢ Video Production : is the process of producing video content for TV,
home video or the internet.

➢ The three phases of video production :

1. Preproduction phase
2. Production phase
3. Postproduction phase
 Preproduction Phase
➢ Preproduction Phase: encompasses all aspects of preparation that are
performed before the camera starts to roll.

➢ Preproduction includes :

✔ Screenwriting ✔ Costume Design

✔ Storyboarding ✔ Location Scouting
✔ Funding ✔ Set Design
✔ Assembling a crew ✔ Properties (“props”)
✔ Casting ✔ Scheduling
 Preproduction Phase

➢ Script / Screenplay / Teleplay:

 Script : is the most general of the three terms,
and is not reserved for any specific type of
media.
 Screenplay : specifically refers to the script of
a film or television program.
 Teleplay : is even more specific, and is only
used when referencing television scripts.
 Preproduction Phase
➢ The 5 Elements That Make Up A Great Story:
1. Character : Agent of physical and social action
✔
Protagonist - Clear center of story; all major events are
important to this character.
✔
Antagonist - Opposition or "enemy" of main character.
2. Want And Need : These are the things that motivate the main
character in their actions: their wishes, dreams, and desires.
3. Plot : ties the events in your story together, directing the audience
towards the question: why does it all happen?
 Preproduction Phase
➢ The 5 Elements That Make Up A Great Story:
4. Setting : Plot and setting are closely related. The plot determines the
events that happen, the setting defines when and where they occur.
5. Conflict And Resolution :
 Conflict : can be any form of struggle the main character faces.
 Resolution (Conclusion) : Final outcome of events in the story.
 Preproduction Phase
➢ Storyboarding:A storyboard is a series of
drawings intended to represent how the
film will be shot.
➢ including how each frame will be
composed and how subject and camera
motion will occur.
 Preproduction Phase

➢ Funding: Films are generally expensive to

produce.
 most films rely on either production
companies (“Hollywood” films) or
independent investors (“Independent”
films).
 Preproduction Phase
➢ Assembling a Crew: A crew is the group of workers on a film set who
are responsible for facilitating production (as opposed to acting).
➢ Casting: Choosing actors to play roles.
➢ Costume Design: Choosing or designing the clothing/costumes that the
actors wear.
➢ Location Scouting: Choosing the locations where the film will be shot.
 Preproduction Phase
➢ Set Design: Constructing sets where the film will be shot.
➢ Properties (“Props”): Choosing the tools and objects used in the film.
➢ Scheduling: Coordinating all aspects necessary to the production.
 Production Phase
➢ Production Phase: refers to the period of time when the film is actually
being shot.
➢ During production, these roles are usually delegated to the production
departments
➢ Production includes :
✔ Direction
✔ Camera operation
✔ Lighting
✔ Sound recording
✔ Acting
 Production Phase
Production Departments
➢ Direction
✔ Director (oversees all aspects of
the production)
✔ Assistant Director (works
closely with the actors)
 Production Phase
Production Departments
➢ Camera

✔ Cinematographer (oversees camera

operation and lighting plan)
✔ Camera Operator (operates the
camera)
✔ Assistant Camera (loads camera, pulls
focus)
 Production Phase
Production Departments
➢ Lighting
✔ Cinematographer (oversees
camera operation and lighting
plan)
✔ Gaffer (head electrician)
✔ Grip (sets up lights)
 Production Phase
Production Departments
➢ Sound
✔ Sound Mixer (records the sound)
✔ Boom operator (positions the microphone)
✔ Clapper (displays the clap slate for the camera)
 Production Phase
Production Departments
➢ Talent
✔ Actors (perform before the camera)
 Production Phase
Production Departments
➢ Miscellaneous
✔ Production Coordinator (scheduling)
✔ Continuity “script girl” (watch for continuity errors)
✔ Make-up Artist (apply make-up to actors)
✔ Production Assistant (various jobs)
 Production Phase
➢ Postproduction: refers to the period of time after the film is shot, but
before it is released in its final form.
✔ Edit:
●
The edit suite is the command center during postproduction.
●
First, the footage is transferred to an editing system, like premier pro,
Avid or Final Cut Pro.
●
The editor begins cutting the movie, guided by the vision of the
director.
 Production Phase
✔ Sound edit:
●
Sound, some might argue, is just as important as the picture in creating
an experience for the audience.
●
Sound editors are responsible for assembling the audio tracks of a film,
removing unwanted noise, and creating sound effects.
●
Foley artists (sound artists) create or enhance on-camera sounds, like
footsteps echoing off tile floors.
✔ Music: Most theatrical films have an original score, highlighting the
mood or action of a scene.
 Production Phase
✔ Visual Effects:
●
Artists and engineers make up the special effects team.
●
They design the computer-generated visuals for a film.
✔ Sound Mix:
●
When all audio tracks are finished, sound mixers step in to adjust audio
levels.
●
This is an integral step, as the strength of sound can easily overwhelm a
scene if the music is too loud while characters are speaking, or distract
from the narrative if the sound is too low and the audience can’t hear
what is happening.
 Production Phase
✔ Color Correction:
●
When the picture is locked (meaning, no further edits or changes), a
colorist goes through every shot to digitally adjust and refine the hues
and light to create continuity and strike a mood.
✔ Graphics:
●
Title, credits, and graphics (such as a date stamp) are created and
added.
✔ Trailer:
●
A new editing team takes over to cut the trailer, which is a two-and-a-
half-minute preview meant to entice audiences to watch the movie
when it hits the big, or small, screen.
Chroma Key
 Chroma Key
✔ The Chroma key technique is the process by which a specific color is
removed from an image, allowing that portion of the image to be
replaced.
✔ This color can be any solid color, most commonly blue or green.
✔ Green and blue may be the most common chroma colors but they are not
the only options.
✔ Technically speaking, any solid color can be used as a background. Red,
purple, orange, brown, any solid color at all.
✔ The reason why green and blue are used most often is that neither green
nor blue is present in human skin tones, and people are the most common
subject that are keyed.
 7 Steps of the Chroma Key Process
1.Choose the right color.
2.Set up your screen.
3.Pay close attention to your lighting levels.
4.Properly distance your camera.
5.Use green screen effects software.
6.Chroma key the image.
7.Replace the image.
End of chapter - 7

Nov - 2021