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    5 Block Diagram Representation of LTI Systems: U (T) G(S) y (T)

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    Yassine Djillali
    The document discusses block diagram representations of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. It describes how block diagrams can be used to model series, parallel, and feedback systems using transfer functions. Various block diagram transformations are introduced for simplifying complex diagrams, such as moving branch points, summing points, and rearranging blocks. An example problem demonstrates using the transformations to compute the transfer function for a multi-input, multi-output feedback system.

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    5 Block Diagram Representation of LTI Systems: U (T) G(S) y (T)

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    Yassine Djillali
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    The document discusses block diagram representations of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. It describes how block diagrams can be used to model series, parallel, and feedback systems using transfer functions. Various block diagram transformations are introduced for simplifying complex diagrams, such as moving branch points, summing points, and rearranging blocks. An example problem demonstrates using the transformations to compute the transfer function for a multi-input, multi-output feedback system.

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    The document discusses block diagram representations of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. It describes how block diagrams can be used to model series, parallel, and feedback systems using transfer functions. Various block diagram transformations are introduced for simplifying complex diagrams, such as moving branch points, summing points, and rearranging blocks. An example problem demonstrates using the transformations to compute the transfer function for a multi-input, multi-output feedback system.

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    5 Block Diagram Representation of LTI Systems: U (T) G(S) y (T)

    Uploaded by

    Yassine Djillali
    The document discusses block diagram representations of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. It describes how block diagrams can be used to model series, parallel, and feedback systems using transfer functions. Various block diagram transformations are introduced for simplifying complex diagrams, such as moving branch points, summing points, and rearranging blocks. An example problem demonstrates using the transformations to compute the transfer function for a multi-input, multi-output feedback system.

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    of 3

    EE352 Lecture 04: Block diagrams models for control systems spring 2014

    5 Block diagram representation of LTI systems


    The input/output TF model of an LTI systems can be represented by a simple block diagram:

    u(t) G(s) y(t)

    Consider The following block reductive transformations

    • Series (cascade) systems

    R(s) G1 (s) G2 (s) Y (s) ⇒ R(s) G1 (s)G2 (s) Y (s)

    • Parallel systems

    G1 (s)

    R(s) b
    Y (s) ⇒ R(s) G1 (s) + G2 (s) Y (s)

    G2 (s)

    • Feedback systems

    . G(s)
    R(s) G(s) b
    Y (s) ⇒ R(s) Y (s)
    − 1+H(s)G(s)

    Closed loop transfer function


    H(s)

    A standard (negative) feedback feedback block diagram:

    R(s) Gr (s) Gc (s) Gp (s) b


    Y (s)
    −

    H(s)

    Gr (s)Gc (s)Gp (s)


    – T (s) = Y (s)/R(s) = 1+Gc (s)Gp (s)H(s) : is the total transfer function
    – Gr (s): is the prefilter(input transducer) transfer function
    – Gc (s): is the controller (compensator) transfer function
    – Gp (s): is the plant transfer function

    19
    EE352 Lecture 04: Block diagrams models for control systems spring 2014

    – H(s): is the feedback transfer function


    Y (s)
    – G(s) = Ea (s) = Gc (s)Gp (s) is the forward-path transfer function F-P TF.
    – Gc (s)Gp (s)H(s): is the open-loop transfer function or loop gain.
    – If Gr (s) = H(s) = 1, the control system is called unity feedback, otherwise it is called
    non-unity feedback.

    A feedback control system subject to disturbance (Multiple input system):

    D(s)

    R(s) G1 (s) G2 (s) b


    Y (s)
    −

    H(s)

    Using superposition:
    G1 (s)G2 (s) G2 (s)
    Y (s) = YR (s)|D(s)=0 + YD (s)|R(s)=0 = R(s) + D(s)
    1 + G1 (s)G2 (s)H(s) 1 + G1 (s)G2 (s)H(s)
    But how to compute The total transfer function of more complicated block diagrams?
    Consider the Block rearranging transformations

    • Moving a branch point forward

    – X(s) b
    G(s) Y (s) –
    ⇒ X(s) G(s) b
    Y (s)

    1
    V (s) V (s) G(s)

    • Moving a Branch point backward

    – X(s) G(s) b
    Y (s) –
    ⇒ X(s) b
    G(s) Y (s)

    V (s) V (s) G(s)

    • Moving a summing point forward

    –X(s) G(s) Y (s) –


    ⇒ X(s) G(s) Y (s)

    V (s) G(s) V (s)

    20
    EE352 Lecture 04: Block diagrams models for control systems spring 2014

    • Moving the summing point backward

    – X(s) G(s) Y (s) –


    ⇒ X(s) G(s) Y (s)

    1
    V (s) G(s) V (s)

    Example: Using Block diagram transformations, compute the transfer function Y (s)/R(s)?

    R(s) G1 (s) b
    G2 (s) b
    G3 (s) b
    Y (s)
    − − −
    H2 (s) H3 (s)

    H1 (s)

    Y (s) G1 (s)G3 (s)[1 + G2 (s)]


    T (s) = =
    R(s) [1 + G2 (s)H2 (s) + G1 (s)G2 (s)H1 (s)][1 + G3 (s)H3 (s)]

    Chapter highlights:

    • A LTI system can be represented by LCCDEs, impulse responses, or transfer functions.

    • All these models are input/output (or external) representations since they relate the
    output to the input without any intermediate (or internal) variables.

    • LCCDEs and impulse responses are time-domain representations.

    • Transfer functions are s-domain (Laplace) representations

    • Transfer functions models are more attractive to use in block diagrams.

    • Complex block diagrams can be simplified to one block by using both reductive transforma-
    tions (series, parallel, feedback) and rearranging transformations.

    21

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