ENGINEERING OFFICE

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS DIVISION 2 – SITE CONSTRUCTION

SECTION 02300 – EARTHWORKS

PART 1 - PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE

A. This specification details all requirements pertaining to excavation and earthworks

operations associated with landscape construction works in accordance with the contract
documents.

B. The work under this section consist of providing all work, materials, labour, equipment,
and supervision necessary to complete trenching for utilities and other work, as required
in these specifications, on the drawings and as otherwise deemed necessary to complete
the work.

C. The work under this section consists of providing all work, materials, labour, equipment, and
supervision necessary to complete trenching for utilities and other foundation work, as
required in these specifications, on the drawings and as otherwise deemed necessary to
complete the work.

D. This section has been written to cover most (but not all) situations that will be encountered.
Depending on the requirements of the specific project, material may have to be added, items
deleted or modifications made to what is written herein. The Engineer expects changes to be
made by Contractors in this document as per the project requirements.

1.2 RELATED SECTIONS

A. Applicable provisions of Division 1 govern work under this Section.

Include any additional related work sections:
1. Section 01500 - Temporary Facilities and Control
2. Section 02200 - Site Preparation
3. Section 02315 - Excavation and Fill
4. Section 02500 - Utility Services
5. Section 02900 - Planting
6. Section 02970 - Geotextile Sedimentation and Erosion

1.3 REFERENCES

A. ASSHTO Standard Method of Test T147

B. AASHTO T92 Linear Shrinkage Test

C. ASTM D 422 - Particle size analyses of Soils

D. AASHTO M 218 - Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) for Corrugated Steel Pipe.

E. AASHTO M 288 – Geo-textile Specification for Highway Applications.

F. ASTM D 1505 - Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique

G. ASTM D 1693 - Environmental Stress-Cracking of Ethylene Plastics

H. ASTM D 5199 - Measuring Nominal Thickness of Geo-textiles and Geo-membranes.

I. ASTM E 41 - Terminology Relating to Conditioning

J. BS 1377: 1975

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K. BS 1377; 1975 : 2.2 (Test 2 A : Preferred method using the cone penetrometer)
Liquid Limit

L. BS 1377: 1975 2.4 Plasticity Index

M. BS 1377 part 4 - The California Bearing Ratio Test

N. BS 1377, Test 8 Organic Matter Test

O. BS 1377, Test 13 Maximum Dry Density at Optimum Moisture Content

P. BS 1377, Test 14

Q. BS 1377, Test 15B Field Density Test

R. BS 1377, Test 16, Lab CBR Tests

S. BS 5837: 1991 - Trees in relation to construction

T. BS 812 Part 117 Water Soluble Salts

1.4 SUBMITTALS

A. Original Levels

1. A survey of the existing site will be made and the results of it submitted to the Engineer
before commencement of the work.
2. Survey drawings shall indicate clearly all existing services i.e. water, electricity
telecommunications, sewer, storm water etc.
3. All levels must refer an existing datum to be obtained from the relevant local authority.
Survey drawings shall include levels of all roads and building ground floors within and
adjacent to the contract area.

B. Site Investigation Report

1. A site investigation report may have been carried out for the engineering design
at the consultancy stage. The Contractor must carry out his own site investigation
comprising at least 2 boreholes to a depth of 10m (or to the decision of Engineer) each
as per the instructions of the Engineer. No claim from the Contractor is to be
considered if alternative tests are required during the contract.

C. Product Data: submit manufacturer's product data.

D. Shop Drawings: submit manufacturer's shop drawings including section layout, direction of
expansion, tendon locations, and anchor stake locations.

E. Related geo-synthetic components supplied under this section

F. Material Certification: submit manufacturer's certification of polyethylene used to make Geo-

cell material

G. Manufacturer's certification of percentage of carbon black HALS

H. Resin manufacturer's certification of polyethylene density and ESCR

I. Installer Qualifications: submit qualifications of installer

J. Certification stating installer is experienced in the installation of the specified products

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K. Manufacturer's Field Representative Qualifications: submit qualifications of manufacturer's

field representative

L. Certification stating manufacturer's field representative is experienced in the installation of the

specified products

1.5 QUALITY STANDARDS

A. Refer 1.3 REFERENCES for standards or revised editions deemed applicable for the
purposes of material selection and works execution.

1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. The Contractor has to obtain materials from and deposit materials at areas approved by the
Municipality.

B. The Contractor has to obtain all necessary approvals and comply with all applicable
laws, codes, ordinances and regulations of the authorities having jurisdiction.

C. Manufacturer's Qualifications: Quality management system certified to ISO 9001:2000.

D. Installer Qualifications:

1. Experienced in the installation of the specified products.

2. Employs persons trained in the installation of the specified products.

E. Manufacturer's Field Representative Qualifications:

1. Experienced in the installation of the specified products

F. Pre-Application Meeting:

1. Convene a pre-application meeting [2] weeks before the start of installation of the
cellular confinement system.

G. Require attendance of parties directly affecting work of this section, including the Contractor,
Engineer, installer, and manufacturer's representative.

H. Review installation and coordination with other work.

I. Contractor needs to contact the Engineer to determine the type and frequency of quality
assurance geotechnical testing required. Provide listing of quality assurance testing
requirements associated with trenching in this item. The Contractor is to complete quality
assurance testing as outlined in Table below:

Test/Sample
Material Test Required
Frequency
2 tests as
Fill Standard Test Method for Particle Size Analysis of Soils Directed byby
Engineer

Table 1

1.7 STORAGE AND DISPOSAL OF EXCAVATED MATERIAL

A. Excavated material is not to be piled along sides of excavations in a manner that will overload
or increase danger of collapse of excavation sides. All excavated material is to be piled
neatly in stock piles but where this is not practicable the excavated material is to be removed
from site.

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B. Excavated material is to be separated into those suitable for fill and those unsuitable for
fill as directed by the Engineer. As soon as practicable materials unsuitable for fill are to
be removed from site to a waste disposal area to be provided by the Contractor.

C. Material suitable for fill is to be put to immediate use or stockpiled at the option of
the Contractor. Under no circumstances material declared to be suitable for fill be stored
next to materials declared to be unsuitable for fill. Stockpiles of materials suitable for fill are
to be located in areas as approved by the Engineer in the vicinity of the work, located so as
not to interfere with the progress of the works. Stockpiles are to be kept in a neat, well-
drained workable condition at all times.

D. Any excavated material not required for or not suitable for use as refilling as aforesaid or
use elsewhere in the works becomes the property of the Contractor. The contractor is
entirely responsible for its removal from the Site and for its ultimate disposal in a
controlled manner to a location approved by the relevant authorities.

E. It is strictly prohibited to use existing or proposed landscape areas or shrub beds to store
materials or rubbish/waste.

1.8 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Nature of Soil:

1. The Contractor is to visit the Site and ascertain the condition of the surface of the
ground and the type of substrata likely to be encountered in the excavation of
the proposed development.
2. Judge the nature of the ground and the possible occurrence of rock and be fully
responsible for ascertaining all necessary information concerning strain, permanent
water table, periods of rainfall, flooding of the site and all matters affecting the
excavations and foundation work. No extra will be allowed due to lack of knowledge
of existing site conditions.
3. The methods of excavation that are used are to be sole discretion of the Contractor.
The use of explosives is not permitted.
4. Report to the Engineer when excavations are ready to receive foundation concrete
and obtain approval before depositing concrete. Any concrete deposited before
consent is given may, at the Engineers request, be broken up and removed at
the Contractors expense and the work re-executed at no extra to the Owner.
5. In the event of excavation being made deeper than directed by the Engineer,
the Contractor will fill in the excavated void to the correct profile with road base.
6. The final 200mm depth of all excavations is to be taken out by hand unless
allowed by the Engineer otherwise and the bottom levelled and rammed immediately
prior to placing concrete. A road base materials layer of a 200mm thickness is
required.

1.9 DISPOSITION OF EXISTING UTILITIES

A. It is the contractor's responsibility to assure himself of the exact location of all services on site
through appropriate methods such as CAT scanning and hand digging of trial pits and liaison
with the appropriate service providers as necessary as mention in Division 1- General
Requirements.

B. Before commencing any construction work, the Contractor has to obtain from the
various utilities Departments, Companies or Owner the location of any existing utilities on
the Site. Active utilities on the Site are to be protected carefully from damage,
relocated or removed as required by the work. When an active utility line is exposed during
construction, its location and elevation are to be plotted on the Record Drawings and
both the Engineer and the utility owner notified in writing.

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C. Contractor to obtain construction NOC from the authorities having jurisdiction prior to proceed
with excavation.

D. Inactive or abandoned utilities encountered during construction operations are to be

removed, plugged or capped. The location of such utility is to be noted on the record
drawings and reported in writing to the Engineer.

E. Active utility lines damaged during the course of construction operations are to be repaired or
replaced as determined by the Engineer at the Contractor's expense. Immediately an active
utility line is damaged the Contractor has to notify the Engineer and the utility owners by
telephone and in writing.

1.10 ORIGINAL LEVELS

A. Survey the existing site and site conditions before commencement of the work, submit
to the Engineer for his approval. Survey drawings will indicate known existing services i.e.
water, electricity, telecommunications, sewer, storm water etc. All levels are to reference an
existing datum to be obtained from the relevant local authority. Survey drawings are to
include levels of all roads and building ground floors within and adjacent to the Work area.

1.11 WARRANTY

A. For the termiticide ten (10) year works guarantee to be submitted.

B. Specialist Anti-termite Contractor has to guarantee his works for 10 years and to be approved
by ministry of Agriculture & Environment.

1.12 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

A. Delivery: Deliver materials to site in manufacturer's original, unopened containers and

packaging, with labels clearly identifying product name and manufacturer.

B. Storage:

1. Store materials in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.

2. Store materials out of direct sunlight.

C. Handling: protect materials during handling and installation to prevent damage.

1.13 SURVEY AND STAKING

A. The Contractor needs to contact the Engineer to determine survey and staking requirements
for the project. Modify the content of this section accordingly to account for the scope of
surveying and staking required. Engineer will provide benchmarks and control points for the
project.

B. Contractor is to be responsible for transferring benchmarks, control points, lines and grades
as necessary to complete his work.

PART 2 - MATERIALS

2.1 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

A. Plant for earthworks

1. General
a. All plant and equipment used for earthworks is to be maintained in good
working condition for the duration of the Works. The Contractor has to

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supply adequate quantities and types of plant and equipment for the
proper execution of the Works in an expeditious manner.
b. The main item of plant and equipment has to comply with the requirements
detailed below. All plant has to be operated only by trained operators and
banksmen are to be provided where necessary.
2. Bulldozers
a. Bulldozers are to be tracked/pneumatic tyred vehicles equipped with a
blade for earth moving/ levelling and ripper teeth where necessary. The
blade level is to be hydraulically controlled.
3. Tractor Shovel
a. Tractor shovel is to be tracked or pneumatic tyred vehicles equipped with a
shovel for earthmoving. The shovel is to be hydraulically controlled.
4. Rotary Cultivators:
5. Rotary cultivators are purpose designed to ensure proper pulverisation and mixing of
soil. Cultivators are to be equipped with metal teeth or plates.
6. Motor Graders
a. Motor graders are to be pneumatic tyred vehicles, equipped with
hydraulically controlled blades, capable of both level and angular
adjustment.
7. Water Sprinklers
a. Water sprinklers are to be mounted on pneumatic tyred trucks equipped with
suitable pumping and water distribution equipment. The distributors are to be
designed to add water to the soil uniformly and in controlled quantities.
8. Pneumatic Tyred Rollers
a. Pneumatic tyred rollers are to be equipped with tyres of equal size and
diameter, uniformly inflated. The wheels are to be spaced such that one
passes will achieve complete coverage equal to the rolling width of the
machine. Pneumatic tyred rollers may be towed or self-propelled.
9. Steel Wheeled Rollers
a. Steel wheeled rollers are to be one of the following types:
b. Three wheeled rollers - self-propelled and equipped with a reversing
clutch, differential drive and have adjustable scrapers to keep the wheel surface
clean. The wheels are to be spaced such that one pass will achieve
complete coverage equal to the width of the machine.
c. Tandem rollers - self-propelled and equipped with reversing clutches, a
sprinkling system to spray front and rear rolls and adjustable spring
scrapers fitted to each roll.
d. Vibratory tender rollers - have a static weight of at least 5000kg and a vibratory
frequency between 1500 and 2000 cycles per minute.
e. Single drum vibratory rollers - double axel, self-propelled rollers with rear axle
equipped with pneumatic flotation tyres. The steel roll must have a vibrating
frequency between 1500 and 2000 cycles per minute.
10. Sweet Soil
a. Sweet soil is to be obtained from areas recommended by the Municipality.
b. The Contractor is to be responsible for liaising with the Municipality,
loading at the borrow pit and transportation to the site. All imported fill
materials unless specifically noted otherwise on the drawings are sweet
soil.
11. Suitable Material
a. Suitable material comprises all material that is acceptable in accordance with the
contract for use in the works.
b. Suitable material for earthworks is to be approved non-plastic soil obtained from
excavations within the works, or from borrow pits approved by the Engineer.
c. Suitable material shall not contain an excess of fines or organic material.
B. Unsuitable Material
1. The following items are to be deemed as unsuitable material for backfilling:
a. Organic material
b. Stumps
c. Other perishable material

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d. Material susceptible to spontaneous combustion

e. Cohesive materials of liquid limit exceeding 25%
f. Plasticity index exceeding 6
g. Material with excessive moisture content
h. Any other material which the Engineer may deem unsuitable for
earthworks
i. Dredged material unless approved in writing by the Engineer
2. Embankment Fill
a. Embankment fill has to be imported from an area approved by the
Engineer. It has to be the responsibility of the Contractor to locate
suitable material and carry out such tests as the Engineer may require to
demonstrate the suitability of the fill to be supplied. The fill have a
maximum stone size of 75mm liquid limit not exceeding 25% and plasticity index
not exceeding 6. Total water soluble salts not to exceed 3%. Material has a
CBR not less than 15% at 90% maximum dry density.
3. Rock
a. Rock means those geological strata or deposits so designated on the
drawings and any hard, natural or artificial material requiring the use of
approved pneumatic tools or blasting for its removal, but excluding
individual masses of less than 0.20 cubic metres.
4. The Fill material is to be free of organic matter and have the following
properties:
a. Minimum Soaked CBR (California bearing ratio), of 15% when the material is
compacted to 95% of the maximum dry density.
b. In situ CBR of 10% when the compacted layer is field tested at site.
c. Liquid Limit not more that 35% and plasticity index not more than 60%.
d. Linear Shrinkage not exceeding 3%.
e. Water Soluble Salts not more than 5% by weight of dry material.
f. Organic Materials no organic material permissible.
g. Maximum Particle Size not more than 75% mm; max passing sieve
No.200 < 30%
h. Lab CBR Tests*
i. Field Density Test *
j. Linear Shrinkage Test*
k. Organic Matter Test*
l. Maximum Dry Density at Optimum Moisture Content*
m. Liquid Limit *
n. Plasticity Index*
o. Water Soluble Salts*
p. Dune sand will not be accepted as suitable material irrespective of its
meeting the suitable fill requirements, except for use in confined areas
which are to be agreed and approved by the Engineer. Before approving the
source of fill material tests will be performed to ascertain that the material
complies with the above minimum requirements. Subsequently if different
material is to be used other than the approved one, new tests are to be carried
out.
q. Compact fill consists of approved materials obtained either from
excavations or from other approved sources. Compacted fill comprises
suitable granular materials well graded and not include perishable matter or an
excess of fines and should give a dense fill layer.
*Note: Refer Section 1.3 REFERENCES
5. Sand blinding
a. Sand blinding is to be clean sand obtained from an approved source,
crushed stone blinding is to be well graded from 10mm to dust and
obtained from an approved source, concrete blinding is to be soleplate
resisting concrete as specified in Section 3050 - General Concrete and on the
drawings.
6. Thixotropic coil applied bitumen emulsion

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a. All surfaces of concrete or block work below ground level are to be painted with
bituminous compound Nitoproof 100/120 or equivalent , unless otherwise
specified in drawings.
7. Polythene Sheeting
a. The polythene has to be 1200 gauge (250 microns) manufactured by a
manufacturer approved by the Engineer.
8. Tests for Density and Compaction
a. The following gives the minimum testing required for fill. Additional or more
frequent tests may be required if materials vary or workmanship is
inconsistent.
b. Laboratory tests for MDD (Maximum dry density), optimum moisture contents,
for each layer.
c. Field density and moisture content, inset CBR (California bearing ratio), for each
layer as required by the Engineer.
d. The areas are to be rejected if the test results do not satisfy specified
requirements.

2.2 SURFACE TREATMENTS

A. Surface treatment includes 1 or a combination of the following:

1. Vegetation.
2. Degradable re-vegetation blankets
3. Sprayed emulsions and binders
4. Surface grouts

PART 3 - EXECUTION

3.1 GENERAL

A. The Contractor shall perform all excavation as required for all work under this contract as
indicated on the drawings and described under this specification.

B. Excavation is to be carried out in all materials and by whatever means are necessary
accurately to the lines and levels shown on the drawings, or as ordered by the Engineer.

C. No blasting of any kind will be permitted without the written permission of the Engineer.

D. Except where indicated on the drawings as ‘to remain undisturbed’, the Contractor
shall remove all topsoil, plants, roots, vegetation, rubbish, rocks, etc. from areas lying within
limits of structures and from areas to receive fill, embankment, surfacing, road construction,
concrete or other construction. The Contractor shall request an inspection and approval for
the removal of any tree within the site boundary. Refer to the Soft Landscape Specification
for details of requirements for works adjacent to existing trees to be retained.

E. Footings and foundations shall rest on firm undisturbed soil free from loose materials.

F. Excavation is to extend a sufficient distance from walls, footings, etc. to allow space
for placing and removing shoring and formwork, for performing all work in the excavations
and for the inspection of same.

G. Slopes and formation surfaces are to be trimmed true to line and the required profiles
are to be left well consolidated, neat and smooth.

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H. Any additional excavation occasioned by slips, falls, wash-ins, etc., is to be made good at
the Contractor's expense with mass concrete or approved filling materials as ordered by
the Engineer.

3.2 PREPARATION

A. Review plans and prepare work plan and schedule. Coordinate any necessary interruptions
in utility service with Local Representative, in accordance with other specification sections.

B. Contact Local Utilities. Locate and protect utilities, structures, pavement, trees, landscaping,
benchmarks and other features in the work area.

C. Layout work. Establish and transfer line and grade as necessary to complete the work.

D. Remove topsoil from work area in accordance with Section 02300-Earthwork-General. Saw
cut and remove pavement from work area in accordance with other Sections.

E. Support existing buildings, utilities and structures as necessary prior to beginning building
excavation.

F. Grade area surrounding excavation to drain water away from excavation.

3.3 SAFETY OF ADJOINING EXISTING BUILDINGS/STRUCTURES

A. The Contractor shall take all necessary precautions during the excavation for the works
particularly those excavation which are adjoining existing buildings/structures and protect
such buildings/structures from the damage or collapse by means of temporary or
permanent shoring, strutting, sheet piling or underpinning or excavation in short lengths
and/or other methods as he deems fit also he properly supports all foundations, trenches,
walls, floors, etc. affecting the safety of the adjoining existing buildings/structures.

B. The Contractor has to alter, adopt and maintain all such works described above for the whole
period of the Contract and finally clear away and make good all damages done.

C. The construction and efficiency of the shoring, underpinning, strutting and the like for
the purpose for which it is erected is the responsibility of the Contractor, if any
subsidence or any other damage occur due to the inefficiency of the shoring,
underpinning, strutting and the like or any other support provided, the damage has to be
made good by the Contractor at his own expense and responsibility.

D. The shoring, strutting, piling and the like, are to be executed in such a manner as to
cause as little inconvenience as possible to adjoining owners or the public and the
Contractor has to be responsible for negotiating with the adjoining owners the means to
safeguard their property and for the use of any portion of their land for the purpose of
executing the excavations and no claims submitted on this ground will be entertained.

E. The Contractor is to be held solely responsible for the safety of the adjoining existing
buildings/structures the sufficiency of all temporary or permanent shoring, underpinning,
piling, and the like. The Contractor has to keep the Engineer informed as to manner in
which he intends to proceed with the execution of the excavations and obtain his approval;
such approval if given not to be absolve the Contractor of his responsibility under this Clause.

F. The Contractor is to save harmless and indemnify the Owner in respect of all claims,
demands, proceedings, damages, costs, charges and expenses whatsoever arising out of or
in relation to any such matters in so far as the Contractor is responsible under this Clause.

3.4 DEMOLITIONS

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A. Demolition includes the complete demolition including grubbing up of foundations and

the proper termination of all services as required by the Drawings including the
removal and disposal of all demolished materials. The demolition work has to be executed
in a systematic manner.

B. Demolition operations and the removal of debris are to be carried out to ensure
minimum interference with roads, streets, footpaths and other adjacent occupied or used
facilities.

C. The Contractor shall be responsible for removing all trees, shrubs and the like, ensuring that
the trees to be retained are adequately protected in accordance with the applicable
standard (Refer 1.3 REFERENCES). In this respect he shall liaise with the respective
department at the Municipality, gain the necessary permissions, payment of fees as
applicable before commencing this item of work.

D. Damage caused to adjacent facilities by demolition operations are to be repaired by

the contractor at his own expense. The Contractor has to arrange and pay for the
disconnecting, removing and capping of utility services, notify the affected utility
agency in advance and obtain written approval before commencing work.

E. Contractor will remain responsible for protecting all the existing services in the contract area.
Any damage happened to existing services should be reinstated back at contractor’s cost.

3.5 EXCAVATION

A. Line and Levels - Excavations are to be carried out to such lengths, widths, depths, and
profiles as are specified, or shown on the drawings plus any necessary allowance for
working space for temporary works.

B. Oversized Excavations - Where excavations are taken out to greater depths, widths or
lengths than required, the Contractor has to make good with concrete or other approved
compacted material.

C. Support of Excavations - The sides of excavations has to be supported adequately to

prevent slips or subsidence and are to be close-sheeted where necessary to prevent the
entry of running sand, mud etc.

D. Formation Levels - Where the excavated level forms the formation level for subsequent
construction, the surface is to be suitably compacted to the satisfaction of the engineer
prior to the commencement of any subsequent construction works. Compaction will be to
95% maximum dry density. Refer Section 1.3 REFERENCES.

E. Removal of Water

1. Removal of Water - At all times the excavation to be kept free from standing
water from whatever source arising by pumping or other means.
2. Adjacent Structures - Inform the Engineer whether continuous or near continuous
pumping be required. If necessary, arrangements are to be made for the prevention
of withdrawal of support from adjacent structures.

F. Soft Spots

1. The bottoms of all excavations are to be approved and any poor bearing areas are to
be reported to the Engineer, who will direct remedial work. Off spots have to be cut out
and filled with either approved compacted fill or concrete as directed by the Engineer.
2. Engineer's Approval - No excavation for foundations has to be filled in or covered with
concrete until the Contractor has notified the Engineer that it is ready for inspection
and has received his sanction to proceed with the Works. The Contractor has to give
a minimum of 24 hours notice of any inspection.

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G. Excavate to elevations and dimensions necessary to complete construction. Excavation is to

be sufficiently deep to provide for foundations, footings, slabs, and any required base
material.

H. Do not excavate material from under the 45º bearing splay beneath existing foundations or
footings.

I. Notify Engineer if correction of unauthorized excavation or over-excavation is necessary.

Said excavations will be corrected based on recommendations of Engineer or geotechnical
consultant. Contractor will be responsible for all costs associated with correcting these
excavations, including fees charged by geotechnical consultant.

3.6 TRENCHING

A. Trenches are to be excavated to the lines and levels shown on the Drawings with allowance
being made for bedding.

B. The dimensions of the trench have to comply with the relevant standard drawing.

C. The base of the excavated trench has to be trimmed neat and uniform for its full length.
Boulders, roots and any other hard objects in the bottom of the trench has to be removed,
soft areas in the bottom of the trench has to be taken out and filled to grade level with
approved bedding material and compacted.

3.7 UTILITIES TRENCH EXCAVATION

A. Utilities are generally be installed in open cut trenches except that short connections
may be tunnelled if in the opinion of the Engineer, the pipe or duct can be safely and
properly installed and backfill can be properly placed and compacted in such tunnelled
section.

B. Bottom of trenches are to be graded evenly to secure the required falls for pipes and to
ensure bearing over the entire length of the pipe. Bottoms of trenches are to be firm
undisturbed soil, other than topsoil and free from rock, stones, hard substances, rubbish,
and the like. Where rock, stones or other hard materials occur, these has be removed for a
depth of at least 150mm and the space backfilled with selected sand or granular
material compacted in accordance with backfill requirements. No such material is to be
excavated or backfilling carried out without the approval of the Engineer.

3.8 FINISH OF EXCAVATION AND INSPECTION

A. The Engineer is to inspect all the excavations before commencement of further work
and the Contractor is to notify the Engineer when excavations are ready for inspection.

B. The Engineer may instruct the Contractor to test the bearing capacity of the soil in the
bottom of excavations. Upon receipt of such instructions, the Contractor has to carry out
forthwith such tests as the Engineer may instruct at the Contractor's expense.

C. Should the bottoms of excavation be found to be unsuitable as bearing surfaces as a

result of such tests or inspection by the Engineer, the Contractor has to excavate
further as directed until a satisfactory bearing surface is achieved.

D. No excavation is to be refilled nor any permanent work commenced until the formation has
been inspected by the Engineer and his permission to proceed given. If required by the
Engineer the bottom 150mm of excavation not to be removed until just before the
commencement of construction of permanent work.

3.9 TESTING

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A. Test Criteria

1. The dry density / moisture content relationship are to be determined in

accordance with the applicable standards. (Refer 1.3 REFERENCES).

B. Testing Rates

1. Insitu dry density tests (Refer 1.3 REFERENCES) are to be carried out on each layer
at minimum rate of one test per 1000m sq. or part of 1000 m sq.
2. Compacted layers which fail to meet the Specification are be rejected and to be
reconstructed at the Contractor's expense to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

3.10 SHEETING AND SHORING

A. Sheeting and shoring is to be provided at excavations to ensure complete safety against

collapse of soil at sides of excavations, to provide protection of workmen and to prevent
damage to adjacent property, structures, paving and utilities.

3.11 ANTI-TERMITE TREATMENT BELOW PLINTH LEVEL

A. Work has to be carried out by a qualified specialist sub-contractor registered in the UAE. The
specialist Sub-contractor is from the list of approved manufacturers/suppliers or equal
approved.

B. The Sub-contractor shall be responsible for all the pre and post termite treatment for
the construction. The Sub-contractor is responsible to make all necessary
arrangements for and provide all necessary attendance to the Municipality Pest Control
Section, if required.

C. The Sub-contractor is to carry out the pre and post treatment work for anti-termite control to
include the whole of the site areas within the areas defined by the Contract limit lines.

D. Treatment Levels:

1. Footings
2. Horizontal level
3. Vertical level

E. Method of Application:

1. The treatment (germicide application) is to be carried out in the following stages

(Horizontal & Vertical levels) at various points with compliance to specialist Sub-
contractor specifications.

F. Pre-Requisite

1. The casting of P.C.C to be carried out within 36 hours after the termiticide
application.

G. Preparation for Treatment

1. Before the treatment the area is to be free of any debris, wood cellulose, other edible
material such as tree stumps, roots, stakes, form work and construction waste wood
from soil and around foundations.
2. All foreign matter and impermeable soil materials should be removed and there should
not be any walkovers, water leakage which will decrease treatment effectiveness.

H. Treatment Levels

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1. Treatment to Footings
a. Treatment is done by spraying termiticide in each of isolated footing block and
then covered with polythene sheet.
2. Horizontal Treatment
a. In Horizontal level for the main building the termiticide application should
be carried out underneath footing and underneath entire slab on grade, after
treatment the area should be covered with polythene sheets to preserve the
effectiveness of the treatment.
b. Treatment will also be applied around plumbing pipes and electrical conduits
penetrating slab, and at expansion and control joints.
3. Vertical Treatment
a. A trench of 330mm depth with 300cm width should be made by the main
contractor all around periphery of all buildings. The termiticide is to be applied to
the trench floor and walls. Holes are to be drilled into the trench before
application to ensure a continuous chemical barrier. Termiticide is to be mixed
with the soil as it is being replaced into the trench. The treated soil is to be
covered with a thin layer of untreated soil or polythene as per the directions of
the engineer.

3.12 FILLING, BACKFILLING AND COMPACTION

A. The excavated material arising from all excavations declared by the Engineer to be suitable
for fill is to be used as filling. All other filling material is to be imported.

B. The imported filling material shall be sand and or subkha and obtained from an
approved source in accordance with the latest instructions issued by the Department of
Municipalities regarding the winning of material for filling. Imported filling material may not
contains perishable or organic rubbish and no particles in excess of 150mm in diameter.
The maximum dry density of the material may not be less than 1600 kg/m³.

C. Care has to be taken when filling or backfilling to avoid any wedging action or eccentric action
upon or against the structure of the work. Before placing of fill, the surface of the sub-grade
has to be compacted at optimum water content to the same percentage of maximum dry
density required of subsequent layers.

D. Filling and backfilling are to be placed in layers not exceeding 150mm thick (after
compaction). Each layer must be uniformly spread and be moistened or dried by
aeration when required to ensure the optimum water content and must be compacted
uniformly by hand or machine methods of specified density as follows:

Filling under pile caps, footings, water tanks,

At least 98% maximum dry density not less than
concrete beds, sidewalks and other bearing
200mm road base.
situations

E. The Engineer has the right to disapprove any compacting device of inadequate
capacity or in his opinion, of type unsuited to the character of the material being compacted.
Heavy equipment for spreading and compacting fill and backfill not to be operated closer
to walls than a distance to the difference in height between the top of the footings
and the layer being compacted.

F. Testing to determine the density of in place soil is as per applicable standards. The
number of density tests per layer is to be as instructed by the Engineer.

G. When backfilling behind retaining walls, basement walls and the like the said structures are to
be kept propped during the complete operation. The hydraulic compaction of fill is not to be
permitted and the backfilling has to be carried out in layers not exceeding 150mm thick. Each
layer has to be compacted to 90% of the modified compaction. No backfilling has to be

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carried out until the wall concrete has achieved its full works cube strength and care must
be exercised so as not to damage the external tanking membrane and its protection.

H. Trenches are not be backfilled until all required pressure tests have been performed
and until the utility systems, as installed, conform to the requirements of the
specifications governing mechanical, electrical, and utility work.

I. Where, in the opinion of the Engineer, damage is likely to result from withdrawing
sheeting, the sheeting has to be left in place. The trenches are to be backfilled carefully
with approved backfilling materials, as hereinbefore specified, deposited in 150mm layers
and thoroughly and carefully hand tamped until the pipe has a cover of not less than
300mm for electric ducts, and 600mm for sewers and water mains. Where the pipe is
specially coated for protection against corrosion, care has to be taken not to damage
the coating. Then the remainder of the backfill material be placed in 150mm layers,
and compacted by hand hammers or mechanical tampers to at least 90% maximum dry
density. Settling the backfill with water will be permitted, and will be a requirement, when so
directed by the Engineer. Any trenches improperly backfilled, or where settlement occurs,
are to be reopened to the depth required for compaction, then refilled and compacted,
with surface restored to the required grade and compaction, mounded over and
smoothed off.

J. Trenches under buildings, open trenches across parking areas and trenches at other areas
to be paved are to be backfilled as specified above, except that the entire depth of the
trench is to be backfilled in 150mm layers and each layer has to be moistened and
compacted to at least 98% of maximum dry density, to provide the required bearing
value, so that construction or paving over the area can proceed immediately after
backfilling is completed. Along all other portions of the trenches, the ground has to be
graded to a reasonable uniformity and the mounding over of the trenches left in a
uniform and neat condition to the satisfaction of the Engineer.

K. Field control density tests have to be made by the Contractor as directed by the Engineer to
determine the degree of compaction being obtained by field compaction procedures during
construction of sub grade. Each lift of material placed by the Contractor is subject to the
approval of the Engineer. No material is to be placed on a prepared sub grade,
without the prior acceptance of the sub grade by the Engineer. Sub grade is to be
compacted throughout to 98% of maximum density at optimum moisture content.

L. Compaction equipment consists of smooth power rollers or other equipment which will
produce the compaction 7kg/cm². No compaction equipment may be employed for the
permanent work without the approval of the Engineer. Material in the layers is not to be
compacted when the moisture content is more than 2 percentage points above or 3
percentage points below the optimum moisture content except for cohesive materials
for which no optimum point can be obtained.

M. Placing and Compaction

1. Unless otherwise stated below, the procedure has be as follows:

a. The material is to be placed in loose layers within the effective range of
compaction plant; however the maximum compacted layer thickness is to be
limited to 150mm irrespective of plant type.
b. The material is to be watered and mixed as necessary to ensure that prior to
compaction the moisture content of the whole layer is within +2% of the
optimum moisture content. Compaction of each layer is to continue until a
density of at least 95% of the maximum dry density has been achieved, unless
otherwise specified on the drawings.

N. Fill Below Ground Slabs

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1. The installation of cable ducts for service entries and service pipe work are to be
completed before preparation of the fill to receive ground slabs.
2. The compacted material is to be shaped and trimmed to the required levels and
dimensions and blinded with sand and other approved fine material which is also
to be watered and compacted to provide a smooth surface.

O. Sweet Soil to Planted Areas

1. Where fill material is placed to areas designated for planting, the material is to be
sweet soil as described above.
2. Sweet soil is to be compacted by the application of potable or TSE water only. No
compaction plant is to be used.
3. The material has to be placed in layers not exceeding 200mm well watered and
mixed to ensure full saturation.
4. Material is to be placed to achieve the contours shown on the drawings. On
completion of filling final profiling is to be carried out to avoid flat grades and
abrupt changes of level or direction and to create a smooth, curved cross sectional
profile.

3.13 BLINDING

A. The Contractor shall lay blinding to excavation where shown on the drawings or as
directed after inspection of the excavations by the Engineer.

1. The surface of the blinding is to be floated smooth to receive the polythene sheeting.

3.14 POLYTHENE SHEETING

A. Cover the whole of the area beneath the concrete ground bearing slabs and elsewhere as
shown on the drawings and directed by the Engineer with polythene sheeting. The
1200 gauge (300 microns) polythene has to be manufactured by a manufacturer approved by
the Engineer.

B. The sheet has to be supplied in rolls and laid by rolling over the prepared base at the
levels and in the areas shown on the drawings. Joints at the side or end of a sheet
are to be 450mm wide double welts made by placing the edges together and folding over
twice.

C. The joints are to be prevented from opening prior to concreting by blocks placed at intervals
on top of the joint.

D. The polythene has to be taken 150mm up the face of vertical abutments or tied into the
horizontal damp proof course in block walling to give a fault-free damp resisting layer.

E. The Contractor has to protect the sheets from damage during laying and subsequent
operations and replace all damaged sheets to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Reports will
not be permitted.

3.15 BITUMEN TREATMENT/PROTECTION

A. Protective Membrane To U/G Reinforced Concrete Structures

1. All vertical and horizontal surfaces of underground RCC structures, such as water
tanks, underground pump room, swimming pool, basement slabs or where indicated
on drawing, are to be protected by a self-adhesive bitumen membrane 4.0mm
thick with proper over laps. The membrane is to be protected by 50 mm screed
on horizontal surfaces and 3.2mm protective board on vertical surfaces to the
approval of the Engineer.

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3.16 DEPTH OF FOUNDATIONS

A. The foundations are to be the minimum depth below original ground level shown on the
drawings.

B. The Contractor must allow in his tender for any extra depth of foundation or walling or
reinforcement to same due to the nature and contour of the site. The damp proof course in
external walls has to be laid at the same level as the damp proof membrane.

3.17 SITE CLEARANCE

A. All areas of the Site specified for clearance or from which material is to be excavated or
upon which filling is to be deposited are to be cleared of all obstructions, walls, and the
like and bushes, hedges, trees and the like. Material so cleared is to be removed from
Site by the Contractor.

3.18 EXAMINATION

A. Verify site conditions are as indicated on the drawings. Notify the Engineer if site conditions
are not acceptable. Do not begin preparation or installation until unacceptable conditions
have been corrected.

B. Verify layout of structure is as indicated on the drawings. Notify the Engineer if layout of
structure is not acceptable. Do not begin preparation or installation until unacceptable
conditions have been corrected.

3.19 SUB-GRADE PREPARATION

A. Excavate or fill foundation soils as required to footing grades, elevations, and dimensions as
indicated on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer.

B. Ensure foundation soil meets minimum strength requirements through proof rolling or other
conventional method and is examined by the Engineer. If unacceptable foundation soils are
encountered, excavate affected areas and replace these areas with suitable quality material
as directed by the Engineer.

C. Install geo-textile underlay on prepared surfaces, ensuring required overlaps are maintained
and outer edges of geo-textile are buried a minimum of 150 mm.

3.20 DRAINAGE SYSTEM INSTALLATION

A. Install perforated sub-drain pipe wrapped with non-woven geo-textile or backfill with clear
stone adjacent to footing as indicated on the drawings. Ensure a minimum longitudinal
gradient of 1 percent is maintained. Connect sub-drain pipes to specified outlets with T-
connectors. Wrap outlet pipes which pass through footing or wall fascia with geo-textile to
prevent loss of cell infill materials. Connect outlet pipes to site drainage system if present.
Ensure discharge at outlet will not cause localized erosion. Compact the fill surrounding
drainage system.

B. Place geo-textile, if specified, over base and extend up face of excavation and pin in position.
Maintain 300mm overlaps between sections of geo-textile. Where geo-composite drainage
materials are specified, ensure each sheet or strip is continuous and fully encapsulated with
geo-textile and unrestricted outlet is provided.

3.21 INSTALLATION OF GRAVITY STRUCTURE AND FLEXIBLE FASCIA SYSTEM

A. Expand Geo-web sections, dimensioned as indicated on the drawings, into position. Hold
individual sections in their expanded positions with stretcher frames, stretcher bars, steel J-
pins, or other suitable anchors positioned inside selected outer cells. Confirm each Geo-web

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section is expanded uniformly to required dimensions and outer cells of each layer are
correctly aligned. Interleaf or overlap edges of adjacent sections in each layer, according to
which side wall profiles abut. Ensure upper surfaces of adjoining Geo-web sections are to be
flush at joint and adjoining cells are fully anchored.

B. Overfill cells with granular infill and level surface approximately 50mm above cell walls.

C. Compact cell infill and backfill materials to a minimum of 95% SPDD. Remove excess infill so
that infill is level with top of cells. Limit amount of compaction within 1 m of Geo-web sections
by using walk-behind compaction equipment. Confirm compaction procedures are not
laterally displacing Geo-web sections.

D. Ensure subsequent layers are set back to produce required front face slope and side-to-side
alignment is such that loss of infill materials is prevented. Place select backfill material during
infilling of Geo-web sections. Place backfill material behind Geo-web sections in maximum
lifts of 250mm.

E. Fill and compact subsequent layers as specified herein.

F. Installation of freestanding Geo-web structures and vertical walls may require strips of non-
woven geo-textile along outer edge of in-filled Geo-web section before placing next layer.

G. When special infill materials are specified for exposed face cells of Geo-web sections,
confirm filling procedures with the Engineer before construction. These may include, but are
not limited to:

1. Cover temporarily outer cells with a moveable board to prevent unwanted spillage
during placement of internal fill materials as each layer is installed. Place special infill
in empty outer cells as each layer is completed.
2. Partial spillage of internal infill material into outer cells may be permitted depending on
tolerance of special outer cell infill material. Dressing of outer cells can be a separate
procedure following installation of several Geo-web section layers.

3.22 INSTALLATION OF REINFORCEMENT AND BACKFILL

A. Install geo-synthetic reinforcement, (geo-grid or geo-textile), between Geo-web sections and

extend horizontally into compacted backfill zone.

B. Place pre-cut sections of reinforcement at specified elevations dimensioned and oriented as

indicated on the drawings. Place the reinforcement horizontally, with high-strength axis
perpendicular to wall face at elevation indicated on the drawings, or as directed by the
Engineer. Extend outer edges of reinforcement to within 150mm of front face of in-place Geo-
web sections.

C. Place and infill next Geo-web layer as specified in paragraph ‘Installation of Gravity Structure
and Flexible Fascia System’.

D. Manually tension reinforcement layer by pulling it away from back of Geo-web sections so it
is taut. If necessary, pin reinforcement to eliminate loose folds during placement of backfill
over reinforcement. Lay reinforcement layer flat when pulled back perpendicular to back of
Geo-web section.

E. Do not operate tracked equipment directly on top of reinforcement layer until a minimum
thickness of 150mm of backfill has been placed over reinforcement layer. Rubber-tired
equipment is to drive on top of reinforcement at slow speeds. Exercise care and avoid
sudden stops and sharp turns.

F. Place backfill within reinforced zone in approximate lifts of 250mm and compact to a
minimum of 95% SPDD. Ensure excessive displacement of reinforcement does not occur

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during fill placement. Place backfill near Geo-web section and spread toward back of
reinforced soil zone. Shape and compact backfill level with Geo-web section before placing
subsequent layers of reinforcement.

G. Place and compact retained soils, for fill situations, behind reinforced soil zone in
approximate lifts of 250mm and compact to a minimum of 95% SPDD.

3.23 INSTALLATION OF LOAD SUPPORT SYSTEMS

A. Prepare sub-grade and install in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.

B. Sub-grade Preparation:

1. Excavate and shape foundation soils to grades, elevations, and dimensions as

indicated on the drawings.
2. Ensure foundation soil meets minimum strength requirements through proof rolling or
other conventional method and is examined by the Engineer. If unacceptable
foundation soils are encountered, excavate affected areas and replace these areas
with suitable quality material as directed by the Engineer.

C. Sub-base and Base Installation:

1. Place geo-textile over sub-grade, when separation between sub-grade soil and infill is
required, according to geo-textile manufacturer's recommendations. If separation is not
required, place Geo-web section directly over prepared sub-grade.
2. Expand Geo-web sections, dimensioned as indicated on the drawings, into position.
Hold individual sections in their expanded positions with stretcher frames, steel J-pins,
or other suitable anchors positioned inside selected outer cells.
3. Confirm each Geo-web section is expanded uniformly to required dimensions and
outer cells of each layer are correctly aligned. Interleaf or overlap edges of adjacent
sections in each layer, according to which side wall profiles abut. Ensure upper
surfaces of adjoining Geo-web sections are flush at joint and adjoining cells are fully
anchored.
4. Overfill cells with selected granular infill. Maximum particle size of granular material is
not to be greater than 65mm Level surface approximately 50mm above cell walls.
Maintain sufficient granular cover to ensure material handling equipment running over
Geo-web system does not damage cell walls.
5. Compact infill, to a minimum of 95% SPDD. Additional cover of fill material over Geo-
web cells may be required as a wear course.
6. Shape compacted surface to required elevation and grade as indicated on the
drawings.

D. Spread Footing Installation:

1. Place, shape, and compact granular base materials, complete with non-woven geo-
textile encapsulation if required. Compact, to a minimum of 95% SPDD.
2. Expand Geo-web sections into required position on prepared base and temporarily
anchor at corners and edges.
3. Overfill cells with selected granular infill. Level a surface approximately 50mm above
cell walls.
4. Compact infill, to a minimum of 95 percent SPDD.
5. Place and compact fill to a minimum of 95 percent SPDD along each side of footing.
6. Shape compacted surface to required elevation and grade as indicated on the
drawings.

3.24 INSTALLATION OF SLOPE AND CHANNEL PROTECTION SYSTEMS

A. Prepare sub-grade and install in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.

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B. Sub-grade Preparation:

1. Excavate or fill foundation soils so top of installed Geo-web section is flush with or
slightly lower than adjacent terrain or final grade as indicated on the drawings or as
directed by the Engineer.
2. Install non-woven geo-textile under layer, if specified, on prepared surfaces, ensuring
required overlaps are maintained and outer edges of geo-textile are buried a minimum
of 150mm (6 inches) below grade.

C. Placement and Anchoring:

1. Anchor Geo-web sections at crest of slope. Use type of anchor and frequency of
anchoring as indicated on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer.
2. Expand Geo-web sections down slope. Confirm each Geo-web section is expanded
uniformly to required dimensions and outer cells of each layer are correctly aligned.
Interleaf or overlap edges of adjacent sections in each layer, according to which side
wall profiles abut. Ensure upper surfaces of adjoining Geo-web sections are flush at
joint and adjoining cells are fully anchored. Anchor with specified anchors in a
prescribed pattern throughout slope surface.

D. Placement and Anchoring of Tendon Geo-web Sections:

1. Feed pre-cut lengths of tendon material through aligned holes in cell walls of Geo-web
section before expanding individual sections into position. Tie off end of tendons with a
knot that cannot pass through hole in cell walls. Tie knots to provide full tendon
strength and not slip under tensioning of tendon.
2. Anchor tendons and Geo-web section at slope crest and expand down slope surface.
3. Where intermediate anchoring of slope surface is not permitted due to underlying geo-
membrane, attach specified restraint pins to tendons at predetermined intervals to
achieve necessary load transfer.
4. In situations where penetration of sub-grade is permitted, anchor Tendon Geo-web
section with specified anchors in prescribed pattern throughout slope surface. At each
anchor location, form a loop in tendon, insert anchor, and drive into sub-grade.

E. Placement of Infill:

1. Place infill in expanded cells with suitable material handling equipment, such as a
backhoe, front-end loader, conveyor, or crane-mounted skip. Limit drop height to a
maximum of 1 m. Avoid displacement of Geo web sections by infilling from crest to toe
of slope. Overfill and compact infill in accordance with consistency of material and cell
depth as follows:
a. Overfill screened topsoil between 25 to 50mm and lightly tamp or roll to leave
soil flush with top edge of cell walls. Apply specified surface treatment.
b. Overfill loose granular materials approximately 25mm and compact with a plate
tamper or backhoe bucket. Remove loose surface material so infill is flush with
top edges of cells.
c. Manually compact or vibrate concrete. Screed surface of cast-in-place concrete
infill to ensure finished surface is flush with top edges of cells.

3.25 BEARING SURFACE REVIEW

A. Prior to over-excavating below the proposed bearing surface grade, or modifying bearing
surface soil, contact DSF Construction Representative to schedule inspection. Provide
minimum of 24 hrs. confirmed notice.

B. Provide smooth soil surface at bearing surface grade, unless otherwise required by site-
specific geotechnical reports. Hand trim excavation, remove loose material, lumped subsoil,
rock and boulders from the bearing surface.

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C. Once the bearing surface grade is established, protect the soils from becoming saturated,
frozen, or adversely altered. Do not allow soils from the sidewall of the excavation to spall
and fall onto the bearing surface.

3.26 BACKFILL AND COMPACTION

A. Remove all forms, bracing, staking and other construction materials from the excavation prior
to initiating backfilling.

B. Excavation is to be reasonably free of water prior to beginning backfilling. Do not place

material on wet surfaces or use wet material.

C. Backfill excavation using the material specified on Table 2 below, or as shown on the
drawings.

D. Place and compact material to minimize settlement and avoid damage to structures, pipes,
utility lines and other features. Hand-place and compact material as necessary.

E. Place backfill simultaneously on both sides of structures.

F. Backfill trenches to elevations shown on the plans; allow for placement of base course,
pavements, and topsoil as required by the plans and other contract documents. Where final
restoration will be delayed, backfill excavation to existing grade to provide a safe, free-
draining surface.

G. Moisture condition backfill material as necessary to achieve density required for given use.

H. Compact fill material as required by Table 2 for the given use.

I. It the responsibility of the Contractor to provide all necessary compaction equipment and
other grading equipment that may be required to obtain the specified density. Vibratory plate
or tamping type walk behind compactors will be required whenever backfill is placed adjacent
to structures, pipes, utility lines and other features.(a)

J. Flooding or jetting of backfill material for compaction purposes is not allowed.

Maximum
Minimum Minimum
Required Compacted
Location Proctor Relative
Material Lift
Compaction Density (a)
Thickness

Areas Beneath Footings, Structural

98% Modified 70%
Floor Slabs, or Structures Fill 150mm

Footing, Foundation and Structural

98% Modified 70%
Structure Backfill Fill 150mm

Areas within 250mm of an

Existing or Proposed Granular
95% Modified 60%
Building or Structure Footing Fill 200mm
or Slab

Areas Beneath Existing or

Granular
Proposed Pavement (Roads, 98% Modified 60%
Fill 200mm
Drives, Walks)

Turf Areas Earth Fill 300mm 85 % Modified 50%

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Table 2

K. Minimum relative density as determined by ASTM D-4253-00 for coarse-grained soils with
less than 15% by mass passing the No. 200 sieve. Applicable only when minimum proctor
compaction cannot be achieved.

3.27 RESTORATION

A. Restore excavation to proposed grades and surfaces as soon as practicable after backfilling.

B. Remove excess backfill and spoil material from the site as soon as possible after backfilling
is complete, but no later than two (2) calendar dates after backfilling is complete.

C. Thoroughly clean all drainage ways, roads, parking lots sidewalks and paved surfaces
and remove and dispose all debris and mud.

END OF SECTION 02300

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