UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

1.1 Introduction

The advent of technology paved way for most companies

around the world to switch from the old manual processes to
more advanced and innovative systems. It is undeniable that
with the impact of the pandemic on our society, people
strongly encourage paperless and cash transactions as an
alternative to the current environment.

Crown Hotel and Restaurant is still using the manual

process of bookings and reservation and because of the growing
number of customers who want to book and reserve a room in the
hotel, they are having a hard time recording manually all the
details of reservations as well as the details of the guests.

In addition, they also have problems with manually

recording and filling in information. It will take a lot of
time for customers in filling up and writing a lot of data.
Some files of the customer are simply stored in a cabinet on
the managers office. The authorized person who manages the
system will take time to search files when customer wants to
verify something. Sometimes other forms of the customer are
lost because of insufficient storage and security.

Hence, the researchers came up with an idea of proposing

an Online Hotel Reservation and Booking System for Crown Hotel
and Restaurant in order to improve the current manual process
of the hotel and to ameliorate the existing problems
encountered by the hotel manager and staff in managing the
data of the guests. Since all information is stored in a
database, the proposed system will help manage hotel bookings
and reservations.

1.2 Purpose and Description

The purpose of the proposed hotel reservation system is

to provide guests with a platform to make reservations and
reservations easier and faster. The proposed system will help
hotel managers to process hotel room reservations and
reservations in a more accurate and efficient manner. It is
designed to provide a user – friendly system that could help
improve the manual process used by Crown Hotel and Restaurant.
It is a custom-tailored system specifically designed to meet
the needs and wants of Hotel Crown and Restaurant.
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COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

1.3 Objectives of the Study

Generally, this study aims to develop an Online Hotel

Reservation and Booking System for Crown Hotel and Restaurant
Inc. that helps promote and advertise the hotel and encourage
people to visit and experience the hotel and to provide
detailed data or information of the hotel’s services.

Specifically, it aimed to satisfy the following:

a) To provide an easier and hassle-free way to reserve a

room;
b) To build a system that is suited to the need of the
agency;
c) To provide real time information of availability of
rooms.
d) To provide a web site that can allow a user to search or
cancel his/her reservation over the internet at any time; and
e) To create an easy-to-understand and user-friendly system

1.4 Significance of the Study

This study aimed to improve the accuracy and

effectiveness of the present system that could benefit the
staff of Crown Hotel and Restaurant Inc.

The researchers hope that the study would be beneficial

to the following:

Company/Agency

The system gives high quality output with the least

investment of time, material and other resources. Efficient
and organized operations make it possible to reach goal faster
and eliminate errors in data and information. An important
goal of the system is to increase the accuracy of data and
information being gathered.

Manager of the Hotel

The Manager of the company will have more organized and

systematic way of recording and accessing all the important
records of the hotel.

Front Desk Officer

The proposed system could make the task of the front desk
officer easier and more convenient and in terms of generating
reports, the officer could provide accurate and efficient
reports.
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COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Researchers

They can enhance their potential in interacting with

employees. Discover their competence in the field of
Information Technology and Systems Analysis and Design and
they can enhance and develop their skills as future
programmers and system analysts.

Future Researchers

The ideas presented may be used as a reference data in

conducting new research or in testing the validity of other
related findings. This study will also serve as a basis in
improving and enhancing future developments of Online Hotel
Reservation and Booking System.

Thus, this study supplements and complements the present

generation and the future generation.

1.5 Scope and Limitations

The proposed study is limited within the boundaries of a

Hotel Reservation and Booking System for Crown Hotel and
Restaurant. The study will be limited to the room reservation
and booking of guests. The proposed system includes two
different modules (admin and guest module). The admin module
allows the management of all data entered in the system. The
visitor module only allows room reservations and reservations.
The study does not include or support online payments.
CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter is about studies and literatures that are

related to the online system that the proponents made use of
different reading materials (such as thesis, articles, and
other web articles) that will help extending the knowledge of
the proponents. These reading materials will also guide the
proponent to improve and develop their proposed system more
effectively.

2.1 Foreign Literature

According to Ray Nolan, CEO of Web Reservations

International, “Web Reservations International, a leading
provider of online reservations for budget, independent and
youth travelers, developed its first online store in 1999, and
now handles over 2,000 customer transactions a day. Its
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COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

flagship site, www.hostelworld.com, provides real-time

confirmed online reservations for over 3,500 hostels and
hotels and almost 2,000 tours and activities worldwide. The
site also provides comprehensive information to travelers
including destination guides, discussion boards, travel
stories and a personalized online itinerary builder. Other
products sold online include bus and rail passes and a
specially designed insurance product for backpackers and
budget travelers.

Web Reservations’ first e-commerce solution was not

robust enough to cope with the demand, and the reporting
structure and support were poor. Ray Nolan, CEO of Web
Reservations International, explains: “Our customers are
dotted all around the world and need to be able to log on to
our site at a time convenient to them. Our store needs to be
open and able to accept payments 24/7, and have the ability to
cope with multiple simultaneous transactions.”

When looking at the options available in the market, Web

Reservations came across WorldPay. Nolan was impressed by the
reputation of the company: “WorldPay has been around for quite
some time. It has offices and customers around the world,
which we found reassuring. WorldPay were able to provide a
solution that would fit in with our requirements, and they
were also helpful and professional when we contacted them.”

Web Reservations already had an Internet Merchant Account

from its own bank, so was looking for a simple, flexible
solution to accept and process the payments. WorldPay provided
them with the Bank Direct solution that enables them to accept
payments securely over the internet, from a broad range of
payment cards and types including: Visa, MasterCard, American
Express, Electron, JCB, Diners; Ireland-specific cards like
Laser; UK-specific cards like Switch and Germany-specific
payment instruments like Lastschrift

The Web Reservations suite of websites including:

Hostelworld.com, Hostels.com, Hostelplanet.com and
Discounthotels-world.com have met with huge success and now
attract over 2 million visitors per month. The company has
been recognized within the industry for its achievements, with
Hostelworld.com winning ‘Best e-commerce site’ and ‘Best of
the Best’ at the ESAT-BT Golden Spider awards 2002.

Meanwhile, Louw, Door Janne, (2006) Description with UML

Hotel Reservation System. Developed a hotel management system
that can be used online. This system allows the guests to do
their booking online by them self. Some of task that the
system can do are providing a query for arriving date and the
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COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

length of staying, providing the number of On rooms, view all

available rooms and provides user the ability to choose one or
more of them, recording the number of on rooms, view all
available rooms and provides the user the ability to choose
one or more of them, recording kind of guests and how many
going to be in the single room, providing the cost of booking,
asking the users if they want additional service; such as,
dinner or breakfast, storing the guests detail; like, name,
address and telephone, asking the user for confirmation, final
confirmation views with the detail of booking and the guests
can review or cancel the booking.

According to a study titled, Online Reservation System

for Shangri-La Sentosa Resort. Its official website consists
of many useful functions and is purposed at providing the
hotel’s information as well as an online reservation system.
Visitors can get the hotel information such as hotel location,
room rates, promotions, room description, photo gallery and
other hotel facilities from their website (www.shangri-
la.com/singapore/shangrila). It has a virtual tour of the
hotel. The places available in virtual tour are lobby, rooms,
function rooms, recreation, restaurant and bars. The hotel’s
menu bar is on the left-hand side of the page. Each visitor
has to install a Java app before he/she can view the virtual
tour application anyway. For businessperson usage, the website
provides a function, which is called meeting planner to assist
them to plan their meetings. To reserve a room, there is a
form for guests to fill in their reservation details. In
addition to room reservation, guests may fill in another form
to make special requests for their reservation.

The structure of this website is well organized and easy

to navigate through. Visitors may get a lot of information
from this website. The content of the website is normally up-
to-date. These are important to apply in developing such a
system, as information is crucial for potential guests. The
system must make sure that potential guests get the correct
information, such as room rates and hotel location.

In a study conducted on Reservation system for Hotel

Swiss-Garden Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Hotel Swiss garden is a
well edified hotel located in Kuala Lumpur. Its website
consists of several functions and aims at providing customers
accurate information about the hotel as well as their online
reservation system (www.swissgarden.net).Visitors can get
hotel information such as location of hotel, room rates, room
description and hotel facilities. The reservation process
requires guests to fill their details on a reservation form.
Reservation is guaranteed by giving credit card details or by
cash deposit. The layout of their online system is clear and
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COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

user-friendly. Guests can browse through to get information

easily. This online system shows a picture of the hotel room.
Guests are not able to view the whole picture of the room they
are going to reserve but a picture is worth thousand words.
Instead of using words to explain the room condition, it is
more suitable for guests to have a virtual tour of the room
they are going to stay in. This can increase customer
satisfaction. The online system of Swiss-Garden is fully
organized by its developer. The disadvantage of their online
system is that there is no telephone/mobile phone number to
enable customers reach them; they have only provided the
physical address.

According to a study conducted on Online Reservation for

Wilshire Plaza Hotel, the system has a login account for the
customers. The reservation procedure includes the arrival and
departure date. It also indicates the rooms that are still
available or not. Then the customer chooses the room/rooms to
stay in. the customer also fills-in the guest form and
confirms reservation. The billing/payment is done at the hotel
upon checking.

Wilshire Plaza Hotel’s system is similar to the proposed

system of the proponents. It also has a login account for the
customer for them to view their current and old reservations.
The customers could choose the dates, rooms, amenities, and
the function rooms they want to reserve. However, the initial
payment and the full payment will be done by bank transfer
and/or credit card.

2.2 Local Literature

According to Bituin Abi, (August 2010), 658 Apartelle

Online Reservation System. Short term base lodging is the main
reason that a hotel has been established. In the Philippines,
wherein many foreign people go and have a vacation, hotel is
always their first destination to have relaxation after long
hours of travel in an airplane. Because of the rapid increase
of foreigners visiting the Philippines for a vacation, a
common sight is the establishments ad sophisticated hotels for
competitive advantage.

As the result of the competition between different

hotels, various business strategies had been made to attract
customers, such as putting discounts, having beautiful and
relaxing environment and above all having a state of the art
computer system and facilities. The current problem observed
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COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

is the manual guest list records, the manual reservation of

guests, the manual booking of rooms for the guests which takes
a long time to accomplish.
Similar to the proponent’s study Altaroca Mountain Resort and
Convention Center still uses manual process of reservation.

While in a study conducted at Marsman Drysdale Travel

INC. (MDTI), it is one of the best travel and tours Company in
the Philippines. MDTI was established in 1975 due to lack of
tourist industry here in the Philippines. Located in the
Makati Business District as their head office, MDTI operates
all over the country.

MDTI are served to give quality services and products to

the customers. Keeping their moral, professional, ethical
standards in their operations, making great leadership in the
business travel industry and honesty as they could meet the
customer needs. The system will allow clients to look for the
available services of the company with the use of online
reservation.

MDTI reservation system is similar to the proposed system

of the proponents in terms of minimizing data redundancy,
inconsistency on data in reservation, and reducing paper
works. Nowadays internet and computer have big parts in their
daily lives because it makes their work faster. The clients
could also save their time and effort by booking online.

Meanwhile, a study on Boracay Grand Vista Resort and Spa,

found out that the Boracay Grand Vista Resort and Spa has an
online reservation system. It includes the supervising of
schedule, reserving facilities and rooms, guest information
and confirmation of the guests if they are sure to reserve
some rooms. Customers do not need to create an account if they
want to go to the resort or to make a reservation.

Similarities of the proposed system includes reserving of

the facilities and rooms in the resort. Unlike the proposed
system, the customer is required to make an account in order
to make a reservation or cancel a reservation. Making an
account will help the company to make sure that the customer’s
personal information is secured and the company will be able
to monitor the regular customers.

According to the study conducted on Hilton Cebu Resort

and Spa, this hotel has an online reservation system that
checks if the customer has an existing reservation. The
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customer has a confirmation code to enter if they have already

a reservation in that hotel.

The proponents’ system also has a database which can

check if the customer already has an existing account. And
making an account will help the customer to cancel or
reschedule their reservation more easy

Also, Lagman D, (September 2012), Lan-Based Reservation

System for Hacienda Gracia Resort and Hotel. A resort is a
place used for relaxation or recreation, where visitors are
being attracted to take their holiday or vacation. It refers
to places, towns or sometimes commercial establishments
operated by a single company. On the other hand, a hotel is
differentiated as an establishment that provides paid lodging
on a short-term basis. Computer programmers are continuously
developing a system application to better serve resort or
hotel guests because some hotels and resorts are becoming
fully automated while others are still striving for the
similar setting.

The researchers introduce a “LAN-Based Reservation with

Billing System for Hacienda Gracia Resort and Hotel” to
improve its reservation and billing system. The advent of new
technology gave rise to easy and hassle-free interaction
between and among humans. This is why most hotel and resorts
prefer to employ computerization in their business.

2.3 Foreign Studies

According to the study titled Bug Hotel Reservation

System, it allow one to find the ideal bed and breakfast inn,
whether by location, amenities, online bookings, recipes,
special packages, last-minute availability. It also offers a
wide variety of additional information to enhance inn travel
experience. The hotel was designed to simplify the task of
online booking. It provides users a unique, intuitive and easy
to use interface that improves the way people use the web
today. Through personalization and rich features, Bug Hotel
Reservation system enhances the entire Web experience. Bug
Hotel Reservation System offers an online web based
reservation system for hotels, properties, motels and B&B’s at
affordable prices.

While the study on Online System of Starwood Hotels, the

system has a feedback page that is redirected to a new browser
where users will give their reason for commenting, their
comment, rating, about the website and their email address to
be able to send the feedback.
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COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

According to the study conducted on the Online Billing

and Reservation System for Rochester Hotel, the online system
of Rochester Hotel is simple yet very informative way to
attract customers. The design of the webpage is based from the
historical theme of the hotel. The reservation can be accessed
by the customers easily. The reservation procedure of the
Rochester Hotel starts with the simple input of arrival and
departure of the customer in the left part of the web page.

Meanwhile in a study titled Online Reservation of Club

Noosa Timeshare Resort, the resort features the screenshots of
the resort as the banner. It has a Location button for the
guide to the new comers. There is a Facilities link where the
rooms are well explained and arranged from the highest rate to
lowest rate. In the Contact and Booking Section the customer
can contact the management for their needs. It has a Login
System for members only.

According to Furnace Creek Inn and Ranch Resort Online

Reservation System, The online reservation system of the
Furnace Creek Inn and Ranch Resort features great process of
reservation with reservation policies on modification
cancellation of reservation, inquiry and checking of the
available facilities. The search feature of the system helps
the user to find the Inn and Ranch Resort near their place if
possible.

Due to the amount of Inn and Ranch in other places for

easy access for the customers and for faster transactions of
reservation, they formulated an online system for this
particular problem. The difficulty of manual reservation
process and inexistence of database urged them to improve the
system used in their Inn and Resort.

2.4 Local Studies

According to Jenerly Mamanao: “Computerization program is

deemed the best alternative solution to the once stagnant
method of manual operation. The process virtually enhances the
technical capability of companies and schools in the pursuit
of their business venture. To sum up, computerization obtains
more credible and systematic way in dealing with records
procedural process. The researcher recommends the use of a
better and more reliable reservation system, a system that
would help much the company in terms of speed and accuracy in
processing bus reservations.
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COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

While Bernasol et al.(2007) focus their study on GNQ and

Tours (Granor Norna Quidato). They found out that the company
encounters problems such as their clients have a hard time in
making reservation that’s why they can’t accommodate large
number of clients. Based on the analysis of data gathered and
observations, the researcher concluded that the current
reservation process of GNQ Travel and Tours is less efficient.
It requires more time and effort in reserving a ticket. The
researchers proposed an online Ticket Reservation to ensure
faster and more efficient way of delivering a ticket. With
this, the agency can provide better and fast services.

Meanwhile, Deog (2007), studied an online catering

reservation system of Humprey’s Grill and Restobar. After
careful investigation including interviews and actual
observation, the researchers found out that the manual
operation of the said restobar encountered so many problems
more on processing of catering reservation transaction with
the customers and delays on the process of request. Moreover,
the management of Humprey’s Grill and Restobar is facing
difficulties in their catering reservation system such as the
processing the catering reservation transaction. The
researchers concluded that the proposed system for Humprey’s
Grill and Restobar will be a big help to the management
because it provides an efficient and precise processing of
catering reservation that makes the work faster. When it comes
to the catering reservation transaction, the system will
function accurately and come up with its required output
facing any difficulties unlike with their manual catering
system. And for this reason, the researchers highly
recommended the online catering reservation system which will
be easy, faster and efficient to process their catering
reservation transaction with the customer.

According to Cagalawan, (2003), studied and proposed an

online hotel reservation for Bacolod Executive Inn. The
findings of the study stressed that some problems exist in
their current system namely: a. time delay in updating email
reservation processing, b. difficulties in confirmation of the
availability of rooms in walk and telephone reservation and c.
report generation is time consuming. As the result of
investigation and observation to the existing reservation
procedures, the group came with a conclusion that the Bacolod
Executive Inn particularly the reservation must be developed
through an online system for their better service. It will
provide advantages in the part of the establishment because it
will increase the number of customers, minimize the workload
of the personnel and the generation of reports on time, and
will provide promotion to the establishment through the
website that will highlight the quality of service they offer.
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COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

After a detailed study, the researcher’s recommendation is

based on the accurate and relevant information from the data
gathered. The proposed on-line reservation system for the
Bacolod Executive Inn provides better service to the
customers. The researcher’s recommendation is based on the
accurate and relevant information from the data gathered. It
could improve its current operation as soon as the proposed
systems implementation would take place.

According to Asupra, (2001), studied an automated system

of billing and reservation for “Pearl Manor Pension House”
Incorporated. After a careful study by the researchers it has
been found out that the employees’ encounters problem with
their present system, these problems are: a. time consuming
in processing check-in. b. delayed computation of bills and c.
time consuming processing of reservation. After a careful
study of the current system of Pearl Manor Pension House,
Incorporated, the group came with a conclusion to; automate
their system. The automation of the system will give
advantages to the company because it will make the computation
of bills a lot easier and more accurate. Processing is faster
and more convenient for both the user and clients. The results
of interviews and research study that was conducted by the
researchers lead to form a recommendation of automating the
billing and reservation system of the company. The system will
be the one responsible to process all the transactions.

Also, C.L. Adap, J.R. San Juan, P.B. Sillio, 2013 , the
Online Billing and Reservation System for Royal Palm Paradise
Resort contains two pages which are Administrator page and
Customer page. The administrator page has the authority to
access the whole system and will be able to update all the
records of the customer for reservations made through phone
call or walk-in customers, change the status of the
reservation of the customers, update the list of the
facilities available in the resort. Computation of bills of
reservation and add-ons, and generating of reports are also
under the Administrator page.

2.5 Synthesis

Booking system is a systematic registration of

information and transactions. It contains the lists of all the
records from the customers for future use. It provides
permanent evidences and sources of records about the recorded
transactions.

Online Hotel Reservation and Booking System is a

computerized system that stores and distributes information of
a hotel and it assists hoteliers on improving marketing and
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COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

sales online. In addition, it increases processing of

information, repetition important processes and provides
accurate results. This system also secures all the
transactions for booking which would result to customer’s
satisfactions.

Booking and Reservation system refers to the act of

registering the names and other information of their
customers. Computerization of their booking system helps the
manager and employees to complete their tasks effectively.

Finally, it aims to create a system or a program that

will help the management of the said hotel to manage all their
transactions with ease.

Crown Hotel and Restaurant Inc. have many recorded

transactions that need to be processed immediately for them to
create their reports. As the establishment is improving, the
increasing number of transactions recorded sometimes results
to problem of data retrieval, delay of processing
transactions, and security of keeping the data. These are
some of the instances which show that the manual system used
by the management of Crown Hotel and Restaurant Inc. brings
problems and difficulties to their daily transactions.

Having a computerized or electronic booking system gives an

advantage to the owner of the hotel than to stick to the
current manual booking system. It takes too much time to
record the customer’s data and other transactions. In manual
booking system, the security of the records is low. This study
aims to provide the staffs, managers and especially the owner
of the hotel an effective, fast, and convenient way of
recording the (Check-in-Check-out) of the customers in the
hotel. This will lead to the improvement of the current system
they are using and for the advancement of the establishment.
Crown Hotel and Restaurant Inc. must have a better and
effective system for keeping and retrieving of their records.
It will contribute to the success of the business and to gain
the trust of their customers.
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 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY, RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

3.1 Software Design, Products and/or Processes

The design and methodology probably needed in any

application or system as it serves as a basis for the
development of the project. It also serves as a guide in
following the step-by-step procedure. This could also help the
users understand about the proposed system.

The SDLC highlights different stages (phrases or steps)

of the development process. The life cycle approach is used so
users can see and understand what activities are involved
within a given step. It is also used to let them know that at
any time, steps can be repeated or a previous step can be
reworked when needing to modify or improve the system.

1. Planning
This is the first phase in the systems development
process. It identifies whether or not there is the need for a
new system to achieve a business’s strategic objectives. This
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is a preliminary plan (or a feasibility study) for a company’s

business initiative to acquire the resources to build on an
infrastructure to modify or improve a service. The company
might be trying to meet or exceed expectations for their
employees, customers and stakeholders too. The purpose of this
step is to find out the scope of the problem and determine
solutions. Resources, costs, time, benefits and other items
should be considered at this stage.

2. Systems Analysis and Requirements

The second phase is where businesses will work on the
source of their problem or the need for a change. In the event
of a problem, possible solutions are submitted and analyzed to
identify the best fit for the ultimate goal(s) of the project.
This is where teams consider the functional requirements of
the project or solution. It is also where system analysis
takes place—or analyzing the needs of the end users to ensure
the new system can meet their expectations. Systems analysis
is vital in determining what a business’s needs are, as well
as how they can be met, who will be responsible for individual
pieces of the project, and what sort of timeline should be
expected.

There are several tools’ businesses can use that are

specific to the second phase. They include:

 CASE (Computer Aided Systems/Software Engineering)

 Requirements gathering
 Structured analysis

3. Systems Design

The third phase describes, in detail, the necessary

specifications, features and operations that will satisfy the
functional requirements of the proposed system which will be
in place. This is the step for end users to discuss and
determine their specific business information needs for the
proposed system. It’s during this phase that they will
consider the essential components (hardware and/or software)
structure (networking capabilities), processing and procedures
for the system to accomplish its objectives.

4. Development

The fourth phase is when the real work begins—in

particular, when a programmer, network engineer and/or
database developer are brought on to do the major work on the
project. This work includes using a flow chart to ensure that
the process of the system is properly organized. The
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development phase marks the end of the initial section of the

process. Additionally, this phase signifies the start of
production. The development stage is also characterized by
instillation and change. Focusing on training can be a huge
benefit during this phase.

5. Integration and Testing

The fifth phase involves systems integration and system

testing (of programs and procedures)—normally carried out by a
Quality Assurance (QA) professional—to determine if the
proposed design meets the initial set of business goals.
Testing may be repeated, specifically to check for errors,
bugs and interoperability. This testing will be performed
until the end user finds it acceptable. Another part of this
phase is verification and validation, both of which will help
ensure the program’s successful completion.

6. Implementation

The sixth phase is when the majority of the code for the
program is written. Additionally, this phase involves the
actual installation of the newly-developed system. This step
puts the project into production by moving the data and
components from the old system and placing them in the new
system via a direct cutover. While this can be a risky (and
complicated) move, the cutover typically happens during off-
peak hours, thus minimizing the risk. Both system analysts and
end-users should now see the realization of the project that
has implemented changes.

7. Operations and Maintenance

The seventh and final phase involves maintenance and

regular required updates. This step is when end users can
fine-tune the system, if they wish, to boost performance, add
new capabilities or meet additional user requirements.
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3.2 System Architecture

Hotel
Reservation Insert/Update
Guest
Details
Access

Acces Administrator
Database s

Checkin and checkout details

Guest
Room Reservation

Figure 1. System Architecture

The system architecture for the proposed Online Hotel

Reservation and Booking System for Crown Hotel.

3.3 Conceptual Design

The entity relationship diagram shows the relationship

between the different entities used in the system. A guest
entity can only create one account, and an instance of an
account is owned by only one guest. An account can only be
managed by one administrator, and one administrator can manage
one or more accounts. A room entity can be managed by one
admin and an admin can manage one or more rooms. An instance
of a guest can reserve one or more rooms and a room can be
reserved by one or more guest.

3.4 Cost-Benefit Analysis

Table 1
One-Time Costs Worksheet

ONE-TIME COST
Year 0
Item Price
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Development Cost 45, 000

Users Training 5, 000
Site Preparation 0
Others 0
TOTAL 50, 000

Table 2
Recurring Costs Worksheet

RECURRING COST Year

1 through 5
Item Price
Application Software 15, 000
and Maintenance
Internet Subscription 2,500
(Business Plan)
Web Server Hosting (3 1,700
years)
Supplies 0
Others 0
TOTAL 19, 200

Table 3
Benefits Worksheet
BENEFITS
Year 1 through 5
Items Price
Paperless 1, 500
Transactions
Reduced Electric 50, 000
Consumption
TOTAL 71, 500

Feasibility Analysis
Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 TOTALS
Net Economic 0 ₱71,500 ₱71,500 ₱71,500 ₱71,500 ₱71,500
Benefit
Discount Rate 1 0.8929 0.7972 0.7118 0.6355 0.5674
(12%)
Present Value 0 63,842. 56, 50,893. 45,438. 40,569.
(PV) of Benefit 35 999.8 7 25 1

Net PV of all 0 63,842. 120,841. 171,734 217,218 257,787 ₱257,787

Benefits 35 15 .85 .1 .2 .2

One-Time Costs -
₱50,00
0

Recurring Costs 0 (₱19,20 (₱19,200 (₱19,20 (₱19,20 (₱19,20

0) ) 0) 0) 0)
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Discount Rate 1 0.8929 0.7972 0.7118 0.6355 0.5674

(12%)
PV of Recurring 0 ₱17,143 ₱15,306. ₱13,666 ₱12,201 ₱10,894
Cost .68 24 .56 .6 .08

NPV of all Costs - - - - - - ₱119,212

₱50,00 ₱67,143 ₱82,449. ₱96,116 ₱108,31 ₱119,21 .16
0 .68 92 .48 8.08 2.16

Overall NPV ₱138,575

.04

Overall 1.1624
ROI=(NPV/NPV of
all Cost)

Break-Even
Analysis
Yearly NPV Cash ₱50,00 ₱46,698 ₱41,693. ₱37,227 ₱33,236 ₱29,675
Flow 0.00 .67 56 .14 .65 .02
Overall NPV Cash ₱50,00 - ₱38,391. ₱75,618 ₱108,90 ₱138,57
Flow 0.00 ₱3,301. 23 .37 0.02 5.04
33

Project Break-
Even occurs
after 1 year
Use first year of positive cash flow to calculate break-even
fraction ((41,693.56 – 38,391.23)/41,693.56)=0.079

3.5 Requirements Analysis

Figure 4. Data Flow Diagram

 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Figure 4. Use Case Diagram

3.6 System Flowchart

The system flowchart shows the graphical representation

of the different processes in a hotel reservation and booking
system. System Flows are systems models that show the
activities and decisions that systems execute. They are useful
for understanding complex system interactions because they
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

visually show the back-and-forth interactions between systems

and complex branching.

Admin Module

3.7 Block Diagram

 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Block Diagram

Generally, the block diagram shows the pictorial

representation of the process. In this project, the various
modules are available, so for each and every module have
certain components based on the application. The block diagram
for various module are as follows:

Trolley module

The above-mentioned block diagram is for trolley module.

Here the program for various table gets burn in the micro
controller by means of various cases. Here the table number
gives as input to micro controller by using switches, The
controller gives signal to motor drive in turn the motor drive
actuates the motor according to the output of micro
controller. Four DC motors are available, in that two for
forward the reverse motion and other two motors for right and
left motion. Based this only the trolley forms the closed
loop.

The path for the motor is already gets fed in to

controller so that the trolley forms the closed loop. Once the
trolley finishes one loop, it gets deactivated and remains
stable until the next command received by the controller. Here
sensor may use for avoiding collision of trolleys.

Customer module
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COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

In this module, micro controller plays a vital role. The

customer makes direct contact with the chef by means of this
module only. Here the customer have the menu card with some
item numbers by indicating that item number and sends to chef
module using frequancy shift keying technique. The modular
sends some carrier signals along with the main signal in order
to get the better transmission without having any data loss.

Here the LCD display is applicable for verifying and

confirm the item by customer. The RF transmitter sends those
data to chef as well as cashier module by means of antenna
here we using 15 inch antenna for transmission.

In this project, serial kind of transmission is available

for sending item number to chef. So only can easily understand
the various items. The customers are instructed as certain
regulations for identifying the data in efficient manner.

Chef/Cashier module

The above-mentioned block diagram is for chef/cashier

module. The transmitted data gets received by antenna and gets
fed RF receiver. It sends those modulated signal to FSK
demodulator, there the data gets demodulated finally the
controller receives the original data what sends by the
customer. Now the chef can analyze the need of customer then
only he can able to prepare food items for those customers.
By means of these three modules, we can semi automate the
whole hotel management system. This project can facilitate the
customer to feel better satisfaction in hotel by means of
better service. And also, it can improve the economic status
of the hotel owner. So, we can easily give beneficent to both
customer as well as hotel owners. (See Appendix E)