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    Orientation Tolerances: Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

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    K T Sathish
    Orientation tolerances control the relationship between part features and datums, and include perpendicularity, angularity, and parallelism. Perpendicularity specifies how far a surface can vary from 90 degrees to a datum. Angularity specifies how far a surface can vary from a specified angle to a datum. Parallelism specifies how far a surface can vary from being equal distance from a datum at all points. Tolerances are checked using tools like angle plates, sine bars, and surface plates to ensure features remain within the allowed tolerance zone.

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    Orientation Tolerances: Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

    Uploaded by

    K T Sathish
    101 views7 pages
    Orientation tolerances control the relationship between part features and datums, and include perpendicularity, angularity, and parallelism. Perpendicularity specifies how far a surface can vary from 90 degrees to a datum. Angularity specifies how far a surface can vary from a specified angle to a datum. Parallelism specifies how far a surface can vary from being equal distance from a datum at all points. Tolerances are checked using tools like angle plates, sine bars, and surface plates to ensure features remain within the allowed tolerance zone.

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    Orientation Tolerances

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    Orientation tolerances control the relationship between part features and datums, and include perpendicularity, angularity, and parallelism. Perpendicularity specifies how far a surface can vary from 90 degrees to a datum. Angularity specifies how far a surface can vary from a specified angle to a datum. Parallelism specifies how far a surface can vary from being equal distance from a datum at all points. Tolerances are checked using tools like angle plates, sine bars, and surface plates to ensure features remain within the allowed tolerance zone.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    101 views7 pages

    Orientation Tolerances: Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

    Uploaded by

    K T Sathish
    Orientation tolerances control the relationship between part features and datums, and include perpendicularity, angularity, and parallelism. Perpendicularity specifies how far a surface can vary from 90 degrees to a datum. Angularity specifies how far a surface can vary from a specified angle to a datum. Parallelism specifies how far a surface can vary from being equal distance from a datum at all points. Tolerances are checked using tools like angle plates, sine bars, and surface plates to ensure features remain within the allowed tolerance zone.

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    of 7

    GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING

    AND TOLERANCING

    ORIENTATION TOLERANCES
     The following geometric characteristics are classified as orientation tolerances:

    Perpendicularity

    Angularity

    Parallelism

     Orientation tolerances control the relationship of a part feature to one or more


    datums. They specify how far the part feature is allowed to vary with respect to the
    datum.
     Orientation tolerances are a refinement of the location tolerance and should
    always be less than the governing location tolerance.

    PERPENDICULARITY
     Perpendicularity refers to a part surface, center plane, or axis that is 90º to a
    datum plane or axis: therefore, a datum reference is required.
     A perpendicularity tolerance specifies how far from 90º the feature is allowed to
    vary with respect to the datum plane or axis.
     Depending on the application, a perpendicularity tolerance zone may be:
    - Cylindrical and perpendicular to a datum plane
    - Distance between two parallel planes perpendicular to a datum plane
    or axis
    - Distance between two parallel lines perpendicular to a datum plane or
    axis
    EXAMPLE: In the example below, the perpendicularity tolerance means that the
    entire indicated surface must lie within a .004 wide tolerance zone that is
    perpendicular to datum plane A.
    GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
    AND TOLERANCING

    EXAMPLE: In the example below, the perpendicularity tolerance means that the
    center plane of the slot must lie within a .005 wide tolerance zone that is
    perpendicular to datum plane A.

    EXAMPLE: In the example below, the perpendicularity tolerance means that the
    axis of the controlled feature must lie within a 0.1 wide tolerance zone that is
    perpendicular to datum axis A.
    GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
    AND TOLERANCING

    EXAMPLE: In the example below, adding the MMC modifier will mean that the .003
    tolerance zone will apply only when the feature is at its maximum material condition
    size of .255. If the inspector discovers that the actual feature size is within the size
    tolerance, but not at MMC, he will be able to adjust the tolerance on the spot. The
    adjustment will be equal to the amount of deviation from MMC.

    ANOTHER EXAMPLE: If, at inspection, the actual feature size is found to be n.248
    then the inspector can adjust the perpendicularity tolerance by adding the equal amount
    of deviation of the feature from MMC (the bonus) to the perpendicularity tolerance. In
    this example, the inspector would be able to add .007 to the perpendicularity tolerance,
    increasing the tolerance to .010.

    Inspecting for Perpendicularity


     Perpendicularity of surface
    - Checked with an angle plate and dial indicator.
    - FIM cannot exceed the specified perpendicularity tolerance.
     Perpendicularity of cylindrical feature (MMC basis)
    - Checked with functional gage.
    - Gage should equal feature’s virtual condition.
    - Virtual condition of external feature is MMC plus geometric tolerance.
    GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
    AND TOLERANCING

    ANGULARITY
     Angularity refers to a part surface, center plane, or axis at a specified angle other
    than 90º to a datum plane or axis.
     The angular dimension is always a basic dimension.
     An angularity tolerance states how far from the specified angle the part feature is
    allowed to vary with respect to the datum plane or axis.
     Depending on the application, an angularity tolerance zone may be:
    - Distance between two parallel planes at a specified basic angle from a
    datum plane or axis
    - Distance between two parallel straight lines at a specified basic angle
    from a datum plane or axis

    NOTE – Although ASME Y14.5 states that a cylindrical tolerance zone can
    now be used with angularity (in the previous release this was not true), we at
    Cameron will continue NOT to do so. Angularity will apply only to the view
    on which it is specified. DO NOT USE A CYLINDRICAL TOLERANCE
    ZONE WITH ANGULARITY.
    EXAMPLE: In the example below, the angularity tolerance means that the feature
    axis must lie within a 0.2 wide tolerance zone at 45º to datum plane A.
    GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
    AND TOLERANCING

    EXAMPLE: In the example below, the angularity tolerance means that the entire
    indicated surface must lie within a .005 wide tolerance zone at 30º to datum plane A.

    Inspecting for Angularity


     Inspection set-up depends on part configuration.
     Generally requires a sine plate or sine bar and a dial indicator.
     FIM (TIR) cannot exceed the specified angularity tolerance.
    GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
    AND TOLERANCING

    PARALLELISM
     Parallelism refers to:
    - A surface or center plane that is equal distance at all points from a
    datum plane.
    - An axis whose entire length is an equal distance from a datum plane or
    datum axis.
     A parallelism tolerance specifies how far the surface, center plane, or axis is
    allowed to vary from the specified datum.
     Depending on the application, a parallelism tolerance zone may be:
    - Cylindrical and parallel to a datum plane or axis
    - Distance between two parallel planes that are parallel to a datum plane
    or axis
    - Distance between two parallel lines that are parallel to a datum plane
    or axis
    EXAMPLE: In the example below, the parallelism tolerance means that the indicated
    surface must lie within a .010 wide tolerance zone that is parallel to datum plane A.

    EXAMPLE: In the example below, the parallelism tolerance means that the axis of the
    controlled feature must lie within a .05 wide tolerance zone that is parallel to datum
    plane A.
    GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING
    AND TOLERANCING

    EXAMPLE: In the example below, the axis of the hole must lie within a .003 wide
    cylindrical tolerance zone that is parallel to datum axis A.

    Inspecting for Parallelism


     Inspection set-up depends on part configuration.
     Generally, parallelism can be verified using a surface plate and dial indicator.
     FIM (TIR) cannot exceed the specified parallelism tolerance.

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