TABLE OF CONTENT

S.No Content Page No

Lab Instruction i
BTU Syllabus ii
List of Figures iii
Lab Introduction iv
Start Raspberry Pi and try various Linix commands in
command terminal window: ls, cd, touch, mv, rm, man,
1 1
mkdir, rmdir, tar, gzip, cat, more, less, ps, sudo, cron,
chown, chgrp, ping etc.
Run some python programs on Pi like: (a)Read your name
2 and print Hello message with name (b)Read two numbers 4
and print their sum, difference, product and division.
(a)Word and character count of a given string. (b)Area of
3 a given shape (rectangle, triangle and circle) reading shape 6
and appropriate values from standard input.
(a) Print a name ’n’ times, where name and n are read
4 from standard input, using for and while loops. (b) Handle 9
Divided by Zero Exception.
(a) Print current time for 10 times with an interval of 10
5 seconds. (b) Read a file line by line and print the word 11
count of each line.
(a) Light an LED through Python program (b) Get input
6 13
from two switches and switch on corresponding LEDs
Flash an LED at a given on time and off time cycle, where
7 17
the two times are taken from a file.
(a) Flash an LED based on cron output (acts as an alarm)
8 (b) Switch on a relay at a given time using cron, where the 19
relay’s contact terminals are connected to a load.

i
 LAB INSTRUCTIONS

1. Keep silence and sit properly in the lab.

2. Keep your bag properly inside the lab.

3. Always follow the instruction given by concerned faulty to perform the assigned experiment.

4. Do not turn on the PCs without permission.

5. Do not switch off the power supply of the PCs directly, first shut down the PCs then switch
off power supply.

6. Every student is responsible for any damage to the PCs or its accessories which is assigned
for lab work.

7. Installation or un-installation of any software is strictly prohibited.

8. Always bring your lab file and the task assigned to you must be completed.

9. Experiment performed by you should be positively checked in next turn after that faculty
may not check your work.

10. Please mention your roll number, name, node number and signature in lab register.

11. Do not go to assist any student.

ii
 BTU SYLLABUS

1. Start Raspberry Pi and try various Linix commands in command terminal window: ls, cd,
touch, mv, rm, man, mkdir, rmdir, tar, gzip, cat, more, less, ps, sudo, cron, chown, chgrp,
ping etc.

2. Run some python programs on Pi like:

(a) Read your name and print Hello message with name
(b) Read two numbers and print their sum, difference, product and division.
(c) Word and character count of a given string.
(d) Area of a given shape (rectangle, triangle and circle) reading shape and appropriate
values from standard input.

3. Run some python programs on Pi like:

(a) Print a name ’n’ times, where name and n are read from standard input, using for and
while loops.
(b) Handle Divided by Zero Exception.
(c) Print current time for 10 times with an interval of 10 seconds.
(d) Read a file line by line and print the word count of each line.

4. (a) Light an LED through Python program

(b) Get input from two switches and switch on corresponding LEDs
(c) Flash an LED at a given on time and off time cycle, where the two times are taken from
a file.

5. (a) a) Flash an LED based on cron output (acts as an alarm)

(b) Switch on a relay at a given time using cron, where the relay’s contact terminals are
connected to a load.
(c) Get the status of a bulb at a remote place (on the LAN) through web.

iii
 LIST OF FIGURE

S.No Figures Page No

Fig.1 Raspberry Pi Board vi
Fig.2 Important components of raspberry Pi vi
Fig.3 Raspberry Pi Zero pin layout viii
Fig.4 GPIO detail of Raspberry Pi viii
Fig.5 Raspberry Pi Connection with PC 1
Fig.6 LED and switch connection with Pi 13
Fig.7 LED and switch connection with Pi 17

iv
 PROGRAM LISTING

S.No Content Page No

1 print input 4
2 basic operation with reading numbers 4
3 counting words 6
4 calculating areas 6
5 printing n times from standard input 9
6 handling division by zero exception 10
7 printing time 11
8 counting lines in file 11
9 blinking LED 13
10 on/off LED using switch 14
11 flashing LED with cycle reading from file 17
12 flash LED using cron job 19
13 switching relay using cron job 21

v
 LAB INTRODUCTION

This manual is intended for the fourth year students of engineering branches in the subject
of Internet of Things. This manual typically contains practical/Lab Sessions related IoT covering
various aspects related to the subject to enhance understanding. The experiment are conducted on
Raspberry Pi - a single board computer. A brief introduction of Raspberry Pi is given below.

Raspberry Pi
The Raspberry Pi is a very cheap computer that runs Linux, but it also provides a set of GPIO
(general purpose input/output) pins that allow you to control electronic components for physical
computing and explore the Internet of Things (IoT). Raspberry Pi is used to learn programming
skills, build hardware projects, do home automation, and industrial applications.

Figure 1: Raspberry Pi Board

Raspi Board

Raspberry Pi important connectors

GPIO header

GPIO stands for General Purpose Input Output, which has been brought out to pin connectors
present on the board. We can read values from any other peripherals, such as sensors, and compute
the received values in your own programs. Apart from reading the values, we can show the result
of the program by connecting LEDs or embedded LCD displays to the board. Depending on the
decision taken in the code, we can drive a motor connected on GPIO through a motor driver circuit

vi
 Figure 2: Important components of raspberry Pi

RCA video out

It carries the video signal, which is the type output on the RasPi. The RCA connector or composite
video signal is merged with a 3.5 mm audio jack on RasPi 1 model A+ and model B+ and RasPi 2
model B.

3.5 mm audio out jack

If you are not using the HDMI connection the audio can be played through speakers or headphones
using a standard 3.5 mm jack. In RasPi 1 model B+ or RasPi 2 model B, audio jack being the
combination of composite and audio has all the functionalities of composite video and audio out.

USB

his is the most common connector, widely used in the modern computers, and hence called the
Universal Serial Bus. You can connect your flash drives, keyboard, Wi-Fi dongles, and mouse to
play around with the RasPi. You can also connect the externally powered USB hub with RasPi to
connect more USB-based peripherals on it.

Ethernet

This is one of the most important connections to have a remote login on RasPi and to provide wired
internet connection.We cannot always connect RasPi to the dedicated display, so we use the remote
login, and we see the entire desktop or Command-line Interface (CLI) of RasPi on our computer
screen.

vii
CSI camera connector

The RasPi board does not come with camera module integrated, but a separately bought camera
module can be interfaced using the CSI connector via a 15 cm flex cable. The 5-megapixel
Raspberry Pi camera module can be used to record high-definition videos as well as still photographs.
This camera module provides improved performance over a USB-connected camera.

HDMI connector

The High-definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) is a compact audio/video interface used to

transfer uncompressed media data.You can connect your modern HDTV to watch full high definition
(FHD/HD) videos through the RasPi. If you plug in the HDMI connector, there is no need to
connect the speakers to the audio jack, and if you want to get sounds on both HDMI and the 3.5
mm jack, then you’ll have to play with and edit the internal files of Linux.

Pin Layout of Raspberry Pi

Figure 3: Raspberry Pi Zero pin layout

Figure 4: GPIO detail of Raspberry Pi

viii
 EXPERIMENT NO. 1

Objective: Start Raspberry Pi and try various Linix commands in command terminal window:
ls, cd, touch, mv, rm, man, mkdir, rmdir, tar, gzip, cat, more, less, ps, sudo, cron, chown, chgrp,
ping etc

Apparatus Required :

S.No Name Range Quantity

1. Computer ... 1
2. Raspberry Pi Board ... 1
3. USB Connector ... 1

Figure 5: Raspberry Pi Connection with PC

Linux Commands :

ls : The ls command in Linux is used to display a directory’s files and folders.

$ls [Options].. [Files]..

• ls -l

The -l tag is used to display a detailed version of every file and directory available inside the
current working directory.

• ls -a, --all

do not ignore entries starting with . (hidden files)

1
cd : Change the shell working directory.

cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir]

touch : Update the access and modification times of each FILE to the current time. A FILE
argument that does not exist is created empty, unless -c or -h is supplied.

touch [OPTION]... FILE...

mv : Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.

mv [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST

mv [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
mv [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...

rm : remove (unlink) the FILE(s).

rm [OPTION]... [FILE]...

• -d, --dir

remove empty directories

• -r, -R, --recursive

remove directories and their contents recursively

man : - an interface to the system reference manuals

man [man options] [[section] page ...] ...

mkdir : Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.

mkdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...

rmdir : Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty.

rmdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...

2
tar : an archiving program designed to store multiple files in a single file (an archive), and to
manipulate such archives.

tar -cf archive.tar foo bar # Create archive.tar from files foo and bar.
tar -tvf archive.tar # List all files in archive.tar verbosely.
tar -xf archive.tar # Extract all files from archive.tar.

Viva Question

1. What is raspberry pi?

2. How you can change the permission of file in linux ?

3. What is the name of OS used in raspberry pi?

4. What is linux process? what is the command to kill the process?

5. What is the use of the ping command?

3
 EXPERIMENT NO. 2

Objective: Run some python programs on Pi like:

1. Read your name and print Hello message with name

2. Read two numbers and print their sum, difference, product and division.

Apparatus Required :

S.No Name Range Quantity

1. Computer ... 1
2. Raspberry Pi Board ... 1
3. USB Connector ... 1

Python Program: Read your name and print Hello message with name
1 # ############## PRACTICAL 1 ##########################
2 # Read your name and print Hello message with name
3

4 name = input ( " Enter the your name :\ n " )

5 print ( f " Hello { name } " )

Listing 1: print input

Python Program: Read two numbers and print their sum, difference, product and division.

1 # Read the two numbers and print their sum , difference , product and
division
2

3 import sys
4

5 if len ( sys . argv ) != 3:

6 print ( " Give two number as an argument " )
7 sys . exit ()
8

9 try :
10 a = float ( sys . argv [1])
11 b = float ( sys . argv [2])
12 except ValueError :

4
13 print ( " Enter only number as argument " )
14

15 summ = a + b
16 print ( f " Sum of two number is : { summ } " )
17 diff = a - b
18 print ( f " Difference of two number is : { diff } " )
19 prod = a * b
20 print ( f " Product of given two number is : { prod } " )
21

22 try :
23 div = a / b
24 print ( f " Divison of given two number is : { div } " )
25 except ZeroDivisionError :
26 print ( " Second argument must be non zero for division " )

Listing 2: basic operation with reading numbers

Viva Question

1. How you get command argument in python?

2. What is the use argparse module in python?

3. what is difference between list and tuple?

5
 EXPERIMENT NO. 3

Objective: Run some python programs on Pi like:

1. Word and character count of a given string.

2. Area of a given shape (rectangle, triangle and circle) reading shape and appropriate values
from standard input.

Apparatus Required :

S.No Name Range Quantity

1. Computer ... 1
2. Raspberry Pi Board ... 1
3. USB Connector ... 1

Python Program: Word and character count of a given string.

1 # ################# PRACTICAL ##################
2 # Read a string and print its number of words and character count
3

4 string = input ( " Enter string : " )

5 char =0
6 word =1
7 for i in string :
8 char = char +1
9 if ( i == ' ') :
10 word = word +1
11 print ( " Number of words in the string : " )
12 print ( word )
13 print ( " Number of characters in the string : " )
14 print ( char )

Listing 3: counting words

Python Program: Area of a given shape (rectangle, triangle and circle) reading shape and
appropriate values from standard input.
1 # ############ EXPERIMENT 2. D ###################
2 # Area of a given shape ( rectangle , triangle , and circle ) reading shape and

6
 3 # appropriate values from standard input .
4

5 import math
6 import argparse
7 import sys
8

9 def rectangle (x , y ) :
10 """
11 calculate area and perimeter
12 input : length , width
13 output : dict - area , perimeter
14 """
15 perimeter = 2*( x + y )
16 area = x * y
17 return { " area " : area , " perimeter " : perimeter }
18

19 def triangle (a , b , c ) :
20 p = a + b + c
21 s = p /2
22 area = math . sqrt ( s *( s - a ) *( s - b ) *( s - c ) )
23 return { " area " : area , " perimeter " : p }
24

25 def circle ( r ) :
26 perimeter = 2* math . pi * r
27 area = math . pi * r * r
28 return { " area " : area , " perimeter " : perimeter }
29

30 if __name__ == " __main__ " :

31 choices = [ " tri " , " circ " , " rect " ]
32 parser = argparse . ArgumentParser (
33 description = " Calculate Area of Basic geometry " )
34 parser . add_argument ( " geom " , choices = choices , help = " Geometry type " )
35 parser . add_argument ( ' para ' , type = float , nargs = '* ' ,
36 help = " parameters for geometry " )
37 args = parser . parse_args ()
38 if args . geom == " tri " :
39 ret = triangle ( args . para [0] , args . para [1] , args . para [2])
40 print ( f " Perimeter : { ret [ ' perimeter ']} " )
41 print ( f " Area : { ret [ ' area ']} " )
42 elif args . geom == " rect " :

7
43 ret = rectangle ( args . para [0] , args . para [1])
44 print ( f " Perimeter : { ret [ ' perimeter ']} " )
45 print ( f " Area : { ret [ ' area ']} " )
46 else :
47 ret = circle ( args . para [0])
48 print ( f " Perimeter : { ret [ ' perimeter ']} " )
49 print ( f " Area : { ret [ ' area ']} " )

Listing 4: calculating areas

Viva Question

1. How you will get variable length argument in python function?

2. How you can split the string in python?

8
 EXPERIMENT NO. 4

Objective: Run some python programs on Pi like:

1. Print a name ’n’ times, where name and n are read from standard input, using for and while
loops.

2. Handle Divided by Zero Exception.

Apparatus Required :

S.No Name Range Quantity

1. Computer ... 1
2. Raspberry Pi Board ... 1
3. USB Connector ... 1

python program: Print a name ’n’ times, where name and n are read from standard input, using
for and while loops.
1 # Print a name 'n ' times , where name and n are read from standard input ,
2 # using for and while loops .
3 import argparse
4

5 def name_in_while_loop ( name , num ) :

6 i = 0
7 while i < num :
8 print ( f " { name } " )
9 i += 1
10

11 def name_in_for_loop ( name , num ) :

12 for i in range ( num ) :
13 print ( f " { name } " )
14

15

16 if __name__ == " __main__ " :

17 parser = argparse . ArgumentParser ( " Demontrating for and while loop of
python " )
18 parser . add_argument ( ' name ')
19 parser . add_argument ( ' number ')

9
20 args = parser . parse_args ()
21 print ( " \ nPrinting using While loop : " )
22 name_in_while_loop ( args . name , int ( args . number ) )
23 print ( " \ nPrinting using for loop : " )
24 name_in_for_loop ( args . name , int ( args . number ) )

Listing 5: printing n times from standard input

python program: Handle Divided by Zero Exception.

1 # Lab 5( ii )
2 # Handle Divided by Zero Exception .
3

4 def divider ( dividend , divisor ) :

5 return dividend / divisor
6

8 if __name__ == " __main__ " :

9 a = int ( input ( " Enter Dividend : " ) )
10 b = int ( input ( " Enter Divisor : " ) )
11 try :
12 quotient = divider (a , b )
13 print ( f " Quotient is : { quotient } " )
14 except ZeroDivisionError :
15 print ( " Zero is big mystery , Enter other divisor " )
16 finally :
17 print ( " END " )

Listing 6: handling division by zero exception

Viva Question

1. How you handle the exception in python?

2. What is use of context manager in opening file in python?

3. What are the various file opening mode in python?

10
 EXPERIMENT NO. 5

Objective: Run some python programs on Pi like:

1. Print current time for 10 times with an interval of 10 seconds.

2. Read a file line by line and print the word count of each line.

Apparatus Required :

S.No Name Range Quantity

1. Computer ... 1
2. Raspberry Pi Board ... 1
3. USB Connector ... 1

python program: Print current time for 10 times with an interval of 10 seconds.
1 # ############## Practical : ######################
2 # Print current time for 10 times with an interval of 10 seconds .
3 # ---- ----- ---- ----- ----- ---- ----- ---- ----- ----- ---- ----- ---- -----
4

5 import time
6

7 def current_time () :
8 for i in range (10) :
9 ct = time . ctime ()
10 print ( f " current time is : { ct } " )
11 time . sleep (10)
12

13

14

15 if __name__ == " __main__ " :

16 current_time ()

Listing 7: printing time

python program: Read a file line by line and print the word count of each line.
1 # Program :
2 # Read a file line by line and print the word count of each line .

11
 3 # ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ----- ----- ----- ------ ----- ----- -----
4 import sys
5

6 def count_word ( line ) :

7 word = 1
8 for i in line :
9 if i == ' ':
10 word += 1
11 return word
12

13 f = sys . argv [1]

14

15

16 if __name__ == " __main__ " :

17 l = 1
18 with open ( f ) as fobj :
19 for line in fobj :
20 print ( f " Line { l } = > No of Words : { count_word ( line ) } " )
21 l += 1

Listing 8: counting lines in file

Viva Question

1. What is the module for working with CSV files. ?

2. What is the use of regular expresssion?

12
 EXPERIMENT NO. 6

Objective: Run some python programs on Pi like:

1. Light an LED through Python program

2. Get input from two switches and switch on corresponding LEDs

Apparatus Required :

S.No Name Range Quantity

1. Computer ... 1
2. Raspberry Pi Board ... 1
3. USB Connector ... 1
4. LED ... 1
5. Button ... 1

Figure 6: LED and switch connection with Pi

Python Program : Light an LED through Python program

1 # Program :
2 # Light an LED through Python program
3 #
4 import RPi . GPIO as GPIO
5 from time import sleep
6

7 LED = 10
8

9 def led_setup () :

13
10 GPIO . setwarnings ( False )
11 GPIO . setmode ( GPIO . BOARD )
12 GPIO . setup ( LED , GPIO . OUT , initial = GPIO . LOW )
13

14 def main () :
15 led_setup ()
16 while True :
17 GPIO . output ( LED , GPIO . HIGH )
18 sleep (1)
19 GPIO . output ( LED , GPIO . LOW )
20 sleep (1)
21

22 if __name__ == " __main__ " :

23 try :
24 main ()
25 finally :
26 GPIO . cleanup ()
27 print ( " Closed Everything . END " )

Listing 9: blinking LED

Python Program : Get input from two switches and switch on corresponding LEDs
1 # Program :
2 # Get input from two switches and switch on corresponding LEDs
3 #
4 import RPi . GPIO as GPIO
5 import time
6

7 LED1 = 8
8 LED2 = 12
9 BTN1 = 32
10 BTN2 = 36
11

12 def gpio_setup () :
13 GPIO . setmode ( GPIO . BOARD )
14 GPIO . setup ( BTN1 , GPIO . IN , pull_up_down = GPIO . PUD_UP )
15 GPIO . setup ( LED1 , GPIO . OUT , initial = GPIO . LOW )
16

17 def led_on ( LED ) :

18 GPIO . output ( LED , GPIO . HIGH )

14
19

20 def led_off ( LED ) :

21 GPIO . output ( LED , GPIO . LOW )
22

23 def led_toggle ( LED ) :

24 if GPIO . input ( LED ) :
25 led_off ( LED )
26 else :
27 led_on ( LED )
28

29 def press_2_on ( LED , BTN ) :

30 btn = GPIO . input ( BTN )
31 if btn :
32 led_off ( LED )
33 else :
34 led_on ( LED )
35

36 def press_2_toggle ( LED , BTN ) :

37 btn = GPIO . input ( BTN )
38 if not btn :
39 led_toggle ( LED )
40

41 def main () :
42 gpio_setup ()
43 while True :
44 press_2_on ( LED1 , BTN1 )
45 press_2_toggle ( LED2 , BTN2 )
46

47

48 try :
49 main ()
50 finally :
51 GPIO . cleanup ()
52 print ( " closed Event " )

Listing 10: on/off LED using switch

Viva Question

1. What is push and pull resister?

15
2. Explain working of LED.

3. How GPIO pin mode is set ?

16
 EXPERIMENT NO. 7

Objective: Run some python programs on Pi like:

1. Flash an LED at a given on time and off time cycle, where the two times are taken from a
file.

Apparatus Required :

S.No Name Range Quantity

1. Computer ... 1
2. Raspberry Pi Board ... 1
3. USB Connector ... 1
4. LED ... 1
5. Button ... 1

Figure 7: LED and switch connection with Pi

Python Program : Flash an LED at a given on time and off time cycle, where the two times are
taken from a file.

1 # Program :
2 # Flash an LED at a given on time and off time cycle ,
3 # where the two times are taken from a file .
4 #
5 import time
6 import csv
7 import sys
8 import RPi . GPIO as GPIO

17
 9 from time import sleep
10

11

12 def setup () :
13 GPIO . setwarnings ( False )
14 GPIO . setmode ( GPIO . BOARD )
15 GPIO . setup (10 , GPIO . OUT , initial = GPIO . LOW )
16

17 def read_time () :
18 timing = []
19 with open ( sys . argv [1] , ' rt ') as f :
20 reader = csv . reader ( f )
21 for row in reader :
22 timing . append (( row [0] , row [1]) )
23 return timing [1:]
24

25 def main () :
26 setup ()
27 time_seq = read_time ()
28 for on , off in time_seq :
29 GPIO . output (10 , GPIO . HIGH )
30 print ( " LED ON " )
31 time . sleep ( float ( on ) )
32 GPIO . output (10 , GPIO . LOW )
33 print ( " LED OFF " )
34 time . sleep ( float ( off ) )
35

36 try :
37 main ()
38 finally :
39 GPIO . cleanup ()
40 print ( " END " )

Listing 11: flashing LED with cycle reading from file

Viva Question

1. How you write output on GPIO pin ?

2. Why you sleep duration in writing GPIO program ?

18
 EXPERIMENT NO. 8

Objective: Run some python programs on Pi like:

1. Flash an LED based on cron output (acts as an alarm)

2. Switch on a relay at a given time using cron, where the relay’s contact terminals are connected
to a load.

Apparatus Required :

S.No Name Range Quantity

1. Computer ... 1
2. Raspberry Pi Board ... 1
3. USB Connector ... 1

Python Program : Flash an LED based on cron output (acts as an alarm)

1 # Flash an LED based on cron output ( acts as an alarm )
2

4 # alarm . py
5 # act as alarm for cron
6 import RPi . GPIO as GPIO
7 from time import sleep
8

9 ALARM = 10
10

11 def led_setup () :
12 GPIO . setwarnings ( False )
13 GPIO . setmode ( GPIO . BOARD )
14 GPIO . setup ( ALARM , GPIO . OUT , initial = GPIO . LOW )
15

16 def main () :
17 led_setup ()
18 GPIO . output ( ALARM , GPIO . HIGH )
19 sleep (60)
20

21 if __name__ == " __main__ " :

19
22 try :
23 main ()
24 finally :
25 GPIO . cleanup ()
26 print ( " Closed Everything . END " )
27

28

29

30 # flashing LED as response to alarm

31 # flash_led . py
32

33 import RPi . GPIO as GPIO

34 from time import sleep
35

36 LED = 10
37

38 def led_setup () :
39 GPIO . setwarnings ( False )
40 GPIO . setmode ( GPIO . BOARD )
41 GPIO . setup ( LED , GPIO . OUT , initial = GPIO . LOW )
42

43 def main () :
44 led_setup ()
45 alarm = GPIO . input (10)
46 while alarm :
47 GPIO . output ( LED , GPIO . HIGH )
48 sleep (1)
49 GPIO . output ( LED , GPIO . LOW )
50 sleep (1)
51

52 if __name__ == " __main__ " :

53 try :
54 main ()
55 finally :
56 GPIO . cleanup ()
57 print ( " Closed Everything . END " )
58

59 # ########### CONSOLE ##################

60 # $ crontab -e
61 # 15 03 * * * python / home / pi / Lab10 / alarm . py

20
62 # $ python flash_led . py

Listing 12: flash LED using cron job

Python Program : Switch on a relay at a given time using cron, where the relay’s contact
terminals are connected to a load.
1 # Flash an LED based on cron output ( acts as an alarm )
2

4 # alarm . py
5 # act as alarm for cron
6 import RPi . GPIO as GPIO
7 from time import sleep
8

9 ALARM = 10
10

11 def led_setup () :
12 GPIO . setwarnings ( False )
13 GPIO . setmode ( GPIO . BOARD )
14 GPIO . setup ( ALARM , GPIO . OUT , initial = GPIO . LOW )
15

16 def main () :
17 led_setup ()
18 GPIO . output ( ALARM , GPIO . HIGH )
19 sleep (60)
20

21 if __name__ == " __main__ " :

22 try :
23 main ()
24 finally :
25 GPIO . cleanup ()
26 print ( " Closed Everything . END " )
27

28

29

30 # flashing LED as response to alarm

31 # flash_led . py
32

33 import RPi . GPIO as GPIO

21
34 from time import sleep
35

36 LED = 10
37

38 def led_setup () :
39 GPIO . setwarnings ( False )
40 GPIO . setmode ( GPIO . BOARD )
41 GPIO . setup ( LED , GPIO . OUT , initial = GPIO . LOW )
42

43 def main () :
44 led_setup ()
45 alarm = GPIO . input (10)
46 while alarm :
47 GPIO . output ( LED , GPIO . HIGH )
48 sleep (1)
49 GPIO . output ( LED , GPIO . LOW )
50 sleep (1)
51

52 if __name__ == " __main__ " :

53 try :
54 main ()
55 finally :
56 GPIO . cleanup ()
57 print ( " Closed Everything . END " )
58

59 # ########### CONSOLE ##################

60 # $ crontab -e
61 # 15 03 * * * python / home / pi / Lab10 / alarm . py
62 # $ python flash_led . py

Listing 13: switching relay using cron job

Viva Question

1. What is the use of Relay?

2. What is the use of http protocol?

3. What is the use of websocket protocol?

4. Name application protocol specially designed for IoT.

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5. what is the use of cron command ?

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