CORRECTION APPLIED

FOR MEASUREMENT
OF DISTANCES
Prepared by:
ENGR. RANDY G. POLICARPIO
CORRECTION IN TAPING

RULES IN APPLYING CORRECTION

1. TAPED TOO LONG

a. SUBTRACT the correction in LAYING OUT distance.
b. ADD the correction in MEASURING distance.

2. TAPED TOO SHORT

a. ADD the correction in LAYING OUT distance.
b. SUBTRACT the correction in MEASURING distance.
A. Correction due to Incorrect Tape Length
𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟 = 𝑇𝐿 − 𝑁𝐿
𝑀𝐿
𝐶𝑇 = 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟
𝑁𝐿
𝐶𝐿 = 𝑀𝐿 ± 𝐶𝑇
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟 − 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝑇𝐿 − 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒
𝑁𝐿 − 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒
𝑀𝐿 − 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑖𝑑 𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝐶𝑇 − 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑
𝐶𝐿 − 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
A. Correction due to Incorrect Tape Length
Problem 1
The length of a line measured with a 50-m tape is 550.50 m.
When the tape is compared with a standardized tape it is found to be
0.015m too long. Determine the correct length of the line.
Given:
𝑀𝐿 = 550.50 𝑚
𝑁𝐿 = 50 𝑚
𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟 = 0.015 𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑜 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔

Required:
𝐶𝐿 =?
A. Correction due to Incorrect Tape Length
Solution:
1. Solve for 𝐶𝑇
𝑀𝐿
𝐶𝑇 = 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟
𝑁𝐿
550.50𝑚
= 0.015𝑚
50𝑚
𝐶𝑇 = 0.17 𝑚
2. Solve for 𝐶𝐿
𝐶𝐿 = 𝑀𝐿 ± 𝐶𝐿
Hence; the tape is too long and used in measuring
therefore add the correction
= 550.50𝑚 + 0.17𝑚
𝐶𝐿 = 550.50.67 𝑚
A. Correction due to Incorrect Tape Length
Problem 2
A rectangular lot is to be laid out by a 50-m tape. During laying out the actual
length is 49.96 m. If the dimensions of the lot are 390.70m by 265.30m, what distances
should be established in order to locate the corners correctly?
Given:
𝑁𝐿 = 50 𝑚
𝑇𝐿 = 49.96 𝑚
390.70 m
𝑙 = 390.70 𝑚
𝑤 = 265.30 𝑚
Required: 265.30 m
𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟 =?
𝐶𝑙 =?
𝐶𝑤 =?
A. Correction due to Incorrect Tape Length
Solution:
1. Solve for corr
𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟 = 𝑇𝐿 − 𝑁𝐿
= 49.96𝑚 − 50𝑚
𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟 = −0.04 𝑚
the negative sign indicate that the tape is
too short.
2. Solve for the total correction
For the length
𝑙 390.70𝑚
𝐶𝑇𝑙 = 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟 = 0.04𝑚
𝑁𝐿 50𝑚
= 0.31 𝑚
A. Correction due to Incorrect Tape Length
For the width
𝑤 265.30𝑚
𝐶𝑇𝑤 = 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟 = 0.04𝑚
𝑁𝐿 50𝑚
= 0.21 𝑚

3. Solving for the adjusted dimensions to be used in order to locate the corners of
the lot correctly.
Hence the tape is too short and used in laying out distance therefore add the correction
For the length
𝐶𝑙 = 𝑙 + 𝐶𝑇𝑙 = 390.70 𝑚 + 0.31 𝑚
𝐶𝑙 = 391.01 𝑚
For the width
𝐶𝑤 = 𝑤 + 𝐶𝑇𝑤 = 265.30 𝑚 + 0.21 𝑚
𝐶𝑤 = 265.51 𝑚
B. Temperature Correction
𝐶𝑡 = 𝐾𝐿 𝑇2 − 𝑇1
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
𝐶𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑇2 − 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑇1 − 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝐿 − 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝐾 − 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑚
𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒: 𝑖𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐾 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 0.0000116
𝑚℃
B. Temperature Correction
Case 1: If nominal length is given:
For correction per tape length:
𝐶𝑡 = 𝐾 𝑁𝐿 𝑇2 − 𝑇1
For the total correction:
𝑀𝐿
𝐶𝑇 = 𝐶𝑡
𝑁𝐿

Case 2: If the measured length is given:

For the total correction:
𝐶𝑇 = 𝐾 𝑀𝐿 𝑇2 − 𝑇1
B. Temperature Correction
Problem 1:
The steel tape is known to be 50-m long at 20℃, the tape is used to
measure a line which was found to be 1500 m when the temperature is 35℃.
Determine the following:
a. Temperature correction per full tape length
b. Temperature correction for the measured line
c. Corrected length of the line
Given:
𝑁𝐿 = 50 𝑚
𝑀𝐿 = 1500 𝑚
𝑇1 = 20℃
𝑇2 = 35℃
0.0000116
𝐾=
℃
− ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙
B. Temperature Correction
Required:
a. 𝐶𝑡 =?
b. 𝐶𝑇 =?
c. 𝐶𝐿 =?
Solution:
a. Solve for 𝐶𝑡
𝐶𝑡 = 𝐾 𝑁𝐿 𝑇2 − 𝑇1
0.0000116
𝐶𝑡 = 50 𝑚 35℃ − 20℃
℃
𝐶𝑡 = 0.0087 𝑚
the positive sign indicate that the tape is too long.
B. Temperature Correction
b. Solve for 𝐶𝑇
𝐶𝑇 = 𝐾 𝑀𝐿 𝑇2 − 𝑇1
0.0000116
𝐶𝑇 = 1500 𝑚 35℃ − 20℃
℃
𝐶𝑇 = 0.26 𝑚
c. Solve for 𝐶𝐿
𝐶𝐿 = 𝑀𝐿 ± 𝐶𝑇
Hence; the tape is too long and used in measuring therefore add the correction
𝐶𝐿 = 1500𝑚 + 0.26𝑚
𝐶𝐿 = 1500.26 𝑚
B. Temperature Correction
Problem 2:
A tape known to be of standard length at 20℃ is used to lay out
0.0000116
a runway 2000 m long. If its coefficient of linear expansion is ,
℃
determine the temperature correction and the correct length to be laid
out when the temperature is 42℃.
Given:
𝑀𝐿 = 2000 𝑚
𝑇1 = 20℃
𝑇2 = 42℃
0.0000116
𝐾=
℃
B. Temperature Correction

Required:
𝐶𝑇 =?
𝐶𝐿 =?
Solution:
a. Solve for 𝐶𝑇
𝐶𝑇 = 𝐾 𝑀𝐿 𝑇2 − 𝑇1
0.0000116
𝐶𝑇 = 2000 𝑚 42℃ − 20℃
℃
𝐶𝑇 = 0.51 𝑚
- the positive sign indicate that the tape is too long.
B. Temperature Correction

b. Solve for 𝐶𝐿
𝐶𝐿 = 𝑀𝐿 ± 𝐶𝑇
Hence; the tape is too long and used in laying out distance therefore subtract the correction

𝐶𝐿 = 2000𝑚 − 0.51𝑚
𝐶𝐿 = 1999.49 𝑚
C. Pull Correction
For correction per tape length:
𝑃2 − 𝑃1 𝐿
𝐶𝑝 =
𝐴𝐸
For the total correction:
𝑀𝐿
𝐶𝑇𝑝 = 𝐶𝑝
𝑁𝐿
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
𝐶𝑝 − 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙
𝐶𝑇𝑝 − 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙
𝑃2 − 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑘𝑔
𝑃1 − 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝑘𝑔
𝐿 − 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒
𝐴 − 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒, 𝑐𝑚2
𝑘𝑔
𝐸 − 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦, 2
𝑐𝑚
(𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒, 𝐸 = 200,000 𝑀𝑃𝑎)
C. Pull Correction
Cross Sectional Area of Tape

𝑊
𝐴=
𝐿𝜔(100)
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
𝐴 − 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒, 𝑐𝑚2
𝑊 − 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒, 𝑘𝑔
𝐿 − 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒, 𝑚
𝑘𝑔
𝜔 − 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒 , 3
𝑐𝑚
C. Pull Correction
Problem:
A 30-m steel tape weighing 1.5 kg is of standard length under a
pull of 4.5 kg supported for full length. The taped was used in
measuring a line 1000 m on a smooth level ground under a steady pull
6 𝑘𝑔
of 10 kg. assuming 𝐸 = 2.0𝑥10 2 and the unit weight of steel to be
𝑐𝑚
−3 𝑘𝑔
7.9𝑥10 3 , determine the following;
𝑐𝑚
a. cross-sectional area of the tape
b. Correction for increase in tension per tape length
c. Correct length of the line measured.
C. Pull Correction
Given:
𝑁𝐿 = 30 𝑚
𝑀𝐿 = 1000 𝑚
𝑊 = 1.5 𝑘𝑔
−3 𝑘𝑔
𝜔= 7.9𝑥10
𝑐𝑚3
𝑃1 = 4.5 𝑘𝑔
𝑃2 = 10 𝑘𝑔
6 𝑘𝑔
𝐸= 2.0𝑥10
𝑐𝑚2
C. Pull Correction
Required:
a. 𝐴 =?
b. 𝐶𝑃 =?
c. 𝐶𝐿 =?
Solution:
a. Solve for the cross sectional area, A
𝑊
𝐴=
𝐿𝜔 100
1.5 𝑘𝑔
𝐴=
𝑘𝑔
30𝑚 7.9𝑥10−3 3 100
𝑐𝑚
𝐴 = 0.06 𝑐𝑚2
C. Pull Correction
b. Solve for the correction
10 𝑘𝑔 − 4.5 𝑘𝑔 30 𝑚
𝐶𝑝 =
2 6 𝑘𝑔
0.06 𝑐𝑚 2.0𝑥10
𝑐𝑚2
𝐶𝑝 = 0.0014 𝑚
- the positive sign indicate that the tape is too long.
c. Solve for 𝐶𝐿
1000 𝑚
𝐶𝑇𝑝 = 0.0014𝑚
30 𝑚
𝐶𝑇𝑝 = 0.05 𝑚
𝐶𝐿 = 𝑀𝐿 ± 𝐶𝑇𝑝
Hence; the tape is too long and used in measuring therefore add the correction
𝐶𝐿 = 1000𝑚 + 0.05𝑚
𝐶𝐿 = 1000.05 𝑚
D. Slope Correction
D. Slope Correction
Formula for applying correction:
𝑑 = 𝑆 − 𝐶𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
𝑑 − ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝐶𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒
𝑆 − 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝐶𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 − 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒

𝐶𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 𝑆 − 𝑑
D. Slope Correction
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 :
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚:
𝑆 2 = 𝑑 2 + ℎ2
ℎ2 = 𝑆 2 − 𝑑 2
𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟:
ℎ2 = 𝑠 − 𝑑 𝑠 + 𝑑

ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒:
𝐶𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 𝑆 − 𝑑

𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒:
ℎ2 = 𝐶𝑠 𝑠 + 𝑑
ℎ2
𝐶𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 =
𝑆+𝑑 (a)
D. Slope Correction
A. For gentle slopes (less than 20%)
𝑆=𝑑
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎
ℎ2
𝐶𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = (1)
2𝑆
B. For steep slopes (between 20% & 30 %)
ℎ2 ℎ4 (2)
𝐶𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = +
2𝑆 8𝑆 3
−𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛.

C. For very steep (greater than 30%)

𝑏𝑦 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠:
𝑑
cos 𝜃 =
𝑆
𝑑 = 𝑆 cos 𝜃
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝐶𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 𝑆 − 𝑑
𝐶𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 𝑆 − 𝑆 cos 𝜃

𝐶𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 𝑆(1 − cos 𝜃) (3)

D. Slope Correction
Problem:
Slope distance AB and BC measures 500m and 600m respectively. The
difference in elevation are 10m for points A and B and 12m for points B and C. Using
the approximate slope correction formula for gentle slopes, determine the
horizontal length of line ABC. Assume that line AB has a rising slope and BC a falling
slope.
Given:
Points A and B
𝑠1 = 500 𝑚
ℎ1 = 10 𝑚
Points B and C
𝑠2 = 600 𝑚
ℎ2 = 12 𝑚
D. Slope Correction
Required:
d1 =?
d2 =?
d =?
Solution:
1. Solve for the corrections
For distance AB
ℎ1 2 10𝑚 2
𝐶𝑠1 = =
2𝑠1 2 500𝑚
𝐶𝑠1 = 0.10 𝑚
D. Slope Correction
For distance BC
ℎ2 2 12𝑚 2
𝐶𝑠2 = =
2𝑠2 2 600𝑚
𝐶𝑠2 = 0.12 𝑚
2. Apply the corrections
For distance AB
𝑑1 = 𝑠1 − 𝐶𝑠1 = 500𝑚 − 0.10𝑚
𝑑1 = 499.90 𝑚
For distance BC
𝑑2 = 𝑠2 − 𝐶𝑠2 = 600𝑚 − 0.12𝑚
𝑑1 = 599.88 𝑚
D. Slope Correction
3. Solve for the horizontal distance ABC
𝑑 = 𝑑1 + 𝑑2
𝑑 = 499.90𝑚 + 599.88𝑚
𝑑 = 1099.78 𝑚
E. CORRECTION DUE TO SAG
E. CORRECTION DUE TO SAG 𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒂𝒈 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔
𝑎. 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝐸𝑛𝑑 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠

b. 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝐸𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑

𝑀𝑖𝑑 − 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠

c. 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝐸𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑

𝑇𝑤𝑜 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠

d. 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝐸𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑

𝐸𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠

e. 𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑡

E. CORRECTION DUE TO SAG
𝜔2 𝐿3
𝐶𝑠𝑎𝑔 =
24𝑃2
ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒:
𝑊 = 𝜔𝐿
𝑊 2 = 𝜔2 𝐿2
𝑊 2𝐿
𝐶𝑠𝑎𝑔 =
24𝑃2
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
𝐶𝑠𝑎𝑔 − 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑎𝑔, 𝑚
𝑘𝑔
𝜔 − 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ,
𝑚
𝑊 − 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑠, 𝑘𝑔
𝐿 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑠, 𝑚
𝑃 − 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒, 𝑘𝑔
 E. CORRECTION DUE TO SAG
Problem:
A 30-m steel tape weighs 1.5 kg and is supported at its end
points at the 5 and 15 m marks. If a pull of 8 kg is applied, determine
the correction due to sag between supports and for one tape length.
0-m mark 5-m mark 15-m mark 30-m mark
𝑊1 𝑊2 𝑊3
𝑃 𝑃

𝐿1 𝐿2 𝐿3

supports
E. CORRECTION DUE TO SAG
Given:
𝑁𝐿 = 30𝑚
𝑊 = 1.5 𝑘𝑔
𝑃 = 8 𝑘𝑔
𝐿1 = 5𝑚
𝐿2 = 10𝑚
𝐿3 = 15𝑚
Required:
𝐶𝑠𝑎𝑔1 =?
𝐶𝑠𝑎𝑔2 =?
𝐶𝑠𝑎𝑔3 =?
𝐶𝑠𝑎𝑔 =?
E. CORRECTION DUE TO SAG
Solution:
1. Solve for the weight of tape between supports
𝑊 1.5𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
ω= = = 0.05
𝐿 30𝑚 𝑚

𝑘𝑔
𝑊1 = 𝜔𝐿1 = 0.05 5𝑚 = 0.25𝑘𝑔
𝑚
𝑘𝑔
𝑊2 = 𝜔𝐿2 = 0.05 10𝑚 = 0.50𝑘𝑔
𝑚
𝑘𝑔
𝑊3 = 𝜔𝐿3 = 0.05 15𝑚 = 0.75𝑘𝑔
𝑚
𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘:
𝑊 = 𝑊1 + 𝑊2 + 𝑊3 = 1.5 𝑘𝑔
E. CORRECTION DUE TO SAG
2. Solve for the corrections between supports
𝑊1 2 𝐿1 0.25𝑘𝑔 2 5𝑚
𝐶𝑠𝑎𝑔1 = = = 0.0002𝑚
24𝑃2 24 8𝑘𝑔 2
𝑊2 2 𝐿2 0.50𝑘𝑔 2 10𝑚
𝐶𝑠𝑎𝑔2 = = = 0.0016𝑚
24𝑃2 24 8𝑘𝑔 2
𝑊3 2 𝐿3 0.75𝑘𝑔 2 15𝑚
𝐶𝑠𝑎𝑔3 = = = 0.0055𝑚
24𝑃2 24 8𝑘𝑔 2

3. Solve for the correction for one tape length

𝐶𝑠𝑎𝑔 = 0.0002𝑚 + 0.0016𝑚 + 0.0055𝑚
𝐶𝑠𝑎𝑔 = 0.0073 𝑚
F. COMBINED CORRECTION
Problem:
A line was found to be 2865.35m long when measured with a 30-m tape
under a steady pull of 6.5 kg at a mean temperature of 30℃. Determine the correct
length of the line if the tape used is of standard length at 20℃
2
under a pull of 5.5 kg.
Assume the 𝑘𝑔
cross sectional area of the tape to be 0.025 𝑐𝑚 , elastic−6modulus as
2.10𝑥10 6 11.6𝑥10
𝑐𝑚2 and coefficient of thermal expansion to be ℃
Given:
𝑁𝐿 = 30𝑚
𝑀𝐿 = 2865.35𝑚
𝑇1 = 20℃
𝑇2 = 30℃
𝑃1 = 5.5 𝑘𝑔
𝑃2 = 6.5 𝑘𝑔
𝐴 = 0.025𝑐𝑚2
𝐸 = 2.10𝑥106 𝑘𝑔 𝑚
−6
𝐾 = 11.6𝑥10 ℃
F. COMBINED CORRECTION
Required:
1. Solve for the corrections
For the temperature correction:
𝐶𝑇 = 𝐾 𝑀𝐿 𝑇2 − 𝑇1 = 11.6𝑥10−6 2865.35𝑚 30℃ − 20℃
℃

𝐶𝑇 = 0.33 𝑚
- the positive sign indicate that the tape is too long.
For pull correction:
𝑃2 −𝑃1 𝐿
𝐶𝑝 =
𝐴𝐸
6.5𝑘𝑔−5.5𝑘𝑔 30𝑚
𝐶𝑝 = = 0.0006 𝑚
0.025𝑐𝑚2 2.10𝑥106 𝑘𝑔 𝑚

𝑀𝐿 2865.35𝑚
𝐶𝑇𝑝 = 𝐶𝑝 = 0.0006𝑚
𝑁𝐿 30𝑚
𝐶𝑇𝑝 = 0.06 𝑚
- the positive sign indicate that the tape is too long.
F. COMBINED CORRECTION

2. Solve for the correct length of the line

Hence; the tape is too long in both corrections and used in measuring distance therefore add the
correction

𝐶𝐿 = 𝑀𝐿 + 𝐶𝑇 + 𝐶𝑇𝑝
𝐶𝐿 = 2865.35𝑚 + 0.33 𝑚 + 0.06 𝑚
𝐶𝐿 = 2865.74 𝑚