Build Up Your English I - 2021

BOOK 1
BUILD UP YOUR
ENGLISH!
Learning Module for Sunan Pandanaran
Islamic College
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
CENTER FOR LANGUAGES AND TURATS STUDIES
SUNAN PANDANARAN ISLAMIC COLLEGE
YOGYAKARTA
Title:
BUILD UP YOUR ENGLISH: Learning Module for Sunan Pandanaran Islamic

College
Authors:
Asep N. Musadad, M.Hum.
Zeni Hafidhotun Nisak, M.Pd.I
Afif Suaidi, M.Hum.
Editors:
Niswatin Faoziah, M.Hum
Cover Illustrator:
Munirtadho, M.Pd.
Printed and Published in Yogyakarta

First Printing, August 2019
Published by:
STAISPA Press
ISBN: …….........
This book funded and supported by center for languages and turats studies.
Sunan Pandanaran Islamic College Yogyakarta
1
PREFACE
In the name of Allah the Compassionate, the Merciful. All praises be to

Allah, Lord of all the worlds. Shalawat and Salam are just for our beloved
Prophet Muhammad PBUH who has brought us from the dark Jahiliyya to the
light of faith. In the current times, the students of Islamic Universities are
usually required to read some international journals, references, scientific
papers, and even the newest books in the field of Islamic Studies. Most of those
are written in foreign languages mainly English and Arabic.
This book is particularly designed to fulfill the need of studying English for
Islamic Studies in Sunan Pandanaran Islamic College (Sekolah Tinggi Agama
Islam Sunan Pandanaran) Yogyakarta. It consists of seven chapters and each
chapter consists of reading comprehension, vocabulary building, listening,
language focus, writing activity, and their exercises. In the reading
comprehension section, chapter one discusses about Pesantren Daily Activity,
chapter two discusses about The Rebuilding of the Ka’bah, chapter three
discusses about The five pillars of Islam, chapter four discusses Muslim
around the world, chapter five discusses about Muslim Civilization, chapter six
discusses about Islamic Critical News and chapter seven discusses about
Academic Islamic Journal & Research. After the last chapter, there is also a
TOEFL-like simulation for students.
Many thanks are due to the college leaders who have given the best
suppport. We would also like to thank Mr. Afif Suaidi, M. Hum. and Mr. Asep N.
Musadad, M. Hum, who have written the module patiently on the sidelines of
their business. Indebted thanks are also delivered to Mrs. Niswatin Faoziah M.
Hum, who always gives valuable suggestion. Last but no least, this book needs
more improvements, accordingly, we expects inputs and critique from the
readers.
Head of CLTS
Toni Pransiska, M.Pd.I
2
LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT
Basic Learning Time

Meeting Indicators Main lesson References Evaluation
Competent Strategies allocated
Responding Identifying Expression of Telling about 150 Leo, -

questions self responding information, Minutes Sutanto,
about information greeting and discussion, English for
―personal introduction. partner Leasure
identity‖ and Telling interview, Time
interviewing information in Expression of Speaking,
partner English responding Presentation Gramedia,
personal 2006
Responding identity
question about Carver, K.
1 personal Expression of Tina &
identity asking Fotinos.D.
information Sandra, A
Interviewing
partner / in Conversation
Book I,
pair work
English in
Everyday
Life,
Longman,
1998
Differentiating Understanding Identifying Lecturing 150 Frank, Grammar

among words and part of speech Minutes Marcella. review
classes differentiating (Nouns; Modern
kinds of words Verbs; English: a
in English. Adjectives; Practical
2 Adverbs) Reference
Guide.
London:
Prentice-Hall
International,
Inc.1972
3
Understanding Identifying Expression of Lecturing 150 Thomson Arranging
daily life in and discussing daily life Minutes A.j. A personal
pesantren. about daily life Practical timetable
Understanding in Pesantren Vocabulary Engliah
tenses simple (Islamic about daily Grammar.
present tense. boarding life di Oxford:
Understanding school) pesantren Oxford
adverb of Vocabulary University
frequency Understanding Press. 1986
daily life in about
pesantren. explanation
Understanding about
3 tenses simple frequence
present tense. like; (always,
Understanding usually, often,
adverb of dan never)
frequency
Responding
the expression
of daily life in
Islamic
boarding
school
Memahami Memahami Understanding Lecturing 150 Thomson Reading the

kejadian di bentuk-bentuk of the history Minutes A.j. A history of
masa lampau. kalimat Past of the Prophet Practical the Prophet
Mengenal dan Tense Muhammad Engliah Muhammad
memahami Grammar.
4 bentuk waktu/ Oxford:
tenses simple Oxford
past tense University
dalam Press. 1986
ungkapan
aktivitas di
masa lampau.
Differentiating Understanding The gerund Lecturing 150 Thomson
between the different study Minutes A.j. A
Present between Practical
Continuous Present Engliah
5 and Past Continuous Grammar.
Continuous and Past Oxford:
Tense Continuous Oxford
Tense University
Press. 1986
4
Able to Understanding Subjunctive Lecturing 150 Thomson
express vocabulary in and Minutes A.j. A
subjunctive in the text conditional Practical
English sentence Engliah
correctly Answer the Grammar.
using future question from Oxford:
and future past the text. Oxford
tense Explaining University
detailed Press. 1986
6 information
and factual
information
relaed to the
text
Understanding
the future and
future past
tense
Understanding Able to imitate Basic Pronunciation, 150 Lougheed,

number, and the number the techniques in listening on Minutes Lin. IELTS
alphabet. pronounciation listening skill lab, watching Barron's
correctly. English film Educational
7
Series.
Jakarta:
Binarupa
Aksara. 2010
Understanding Able to give Listening Listening to 150 Lougheed,

the response from practice native speaker Minutes Lin. IELTS
expression, an expression Barron's UTS
and idiom in and idiom in Educational
8 the spoken spoken Series.
English and/or English and/or Jakarta:
oral oral Binarupa
expression by expression Aksara. 2010
native speaker
from the tape
Reading text Understanding Basic Lecturing 150 Aziz, Molvi
of Islamic text of Islamic techniques in Minutes Abdul,
Studies in Studies in reading skill Islamic
English English Studies,
9 Riyadh:
Maktaba
Dar-us-
Salam, King
Fahd
5
National
Catalog-in-
Publication
Data, 2011
Responding Analyzing, Reading Reading, 150 Aziz, Molvi

and giving criticizing, and practice understanding, Minutes Abdul,
opinion from responding answering Islamic
the text of English text question Studies,
Islamic Riyadh:
Studies Maktaba
10 logically Dar-us-
Salam, King
Fahd
National
Catalog-in-
Publication
Data, 2011
Understanding Writing some Basic Lecturing 150 Aziz, Molvi

how to write English techniques in Minutes Abdul,
an English sentences writing skill Islamic
text correctly correctly Studies,
Riyadh:
Maktaba
11 Dar-us-
Salam, King
Fahd
National
Catalog-in-
Publication
Data, 2011
Writing an Writing an Writing Personal 150 Aziz, Molvi

English text English text practice guiding Minutes Abdul,
about Islamic about Islamic Islamic
Studies Studies Studies,
correctly correctly Riyadh:
12 Maktaba
Dar-us-
Salam, King
Fahd
National
Catalog-in-
Publication
Data, 2011
6
Understanding Speaking in Basic Lecturing 150 Aziz, Molvi
how to speak English techniques in Minutes Abdul,
in English fluently and speaking skill Islamic
fluently independently Studies,
Riyadh:
Maktaba
13 Dar-us-
Salam, King
Fahd
National
Catalog-in-
Publication
Data, 2011
Understanding Speaking, Speaking Group 150 Aziz, Molvi

how to speak discussing, practice discussion Minutes Abdul,
in English giving Islamic
fluently arguments in Studies,
English Riyadh:
fluently Maktaba
14 Dar-us-
Salam, King
Fahd
National
Catalog-in-
Publication
Data, 2011
Peachering Peachering Preaching Independent 150 Aziz, Molvi

about Islamic about Islamic task Minutes Abdul,
Studies in Studies in Islamic
English English Studies,
fluently, Riyadh:
independently, Maktaba
15 and Dar-us-
confidently Salam, King
Fahd
National
Catalog-in-
Publication
Data, 2011
16 Final Test Simulation
7
TABLE OF CONTENT
PREFACE
LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENT
UNIT I: PESANTREN DAILY ACTIVITY
 Vocabulary building
 Reading comprehension
 Exercise
 Listening
 Language focus
 Writing Activity
 Speaking Practice
UNIT II : PROPHET’S STORY
 Exercise
 Listening
 Language focus
UNIT III: THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
 Exercise
 Listening
 Language focus
UNIT IV: MUSLIM AROUND THE WORLD
 Exercise
 Listening
 Language focus
UNIT V: MUSLIM CIVILIZATION
 Exercise
8
 Listening
 Language focus
UNIT VI: ISLAMIC CRITICAL NEWS
 Exercise
 Listening
 Language focus
UNIT VII: ACADEMIC ISLAMIC JOURNAL & RESEARCH
 Exercise
 Listening
 Language focus
ISLAMIC STUDIES TOEFL-LIKE SIMULATION
REFERENCES
9
UNIT I
PESANTREN DAILY ACTIVITY
VOCABULARY BUILDING
Memorize and remember the following key vocabularies!

Words Words
English Indonesia English Indonesia
daily activities aktivitas sehari-hari Vary beragam
knowledgeable berwawasan luas Engage terlibat
pious individual individu yang saleh Acquire memperoleh
meritorious Bermanfaat encourage menganjurkan
congregation prayer shalat berjamaah Require Meminta untuk-
/mewajibkan
Make a sentence for each of the new vocabularies that you have memorized!
READING COMPREHENSION
The Pesantren In Operation:

An Example of Daily Activities in Pesantren Buntet, Cirebon
The daily activities which occur in the pondok throughout the pesantren (Islamic
boarding school) complex are not homogeneous. They vary from pondok to pondok but in
general the activities are governed by a common central theme which, according to Kyai
Hisyam Mansur, is ―to guide the santri to become knowledgeable and pious individuals,
meritorious to themselves, their parents, the nation and religion.‖ To this end the learning
activity is geared toward acquiring intellectual and practical acquaintance with religious
precepts. To achieve this broad objective, most santri are to engage in two types of
learning activities, ngaji in the evening and schooling in the day time. An example of its
enactment in a daily practice, can be seen from what occurs in the pondok owned by Kyai
Hisyam Mansur himself.
Kyai Hisyam Mansur, the writer of Haul in Pesantren Buntet, who currently limits
himself to having only between 50 to 60 mature santri (high school students or older),
10
concentrates on teaching two kitab
(religious texts). For this, he first requires
his santri to get up on before dawn
(around 4.00 a.m) for the call for prayer
(adzan), puji-pujian, to perform morning
congregation prayer and ngaji kitab. The
standard (compulsory) texts he sets for his
santri are Safinah (major) and Taqrib
(minor). Both kitab are basically equal texts but they differ in the ordering of the topics
into chapters. The students are to split themselves into two groups and each group is
further divided into two sub-groups so that there are four sub-groups. Once a week, each
individual santri has to rotate his/her membership from one group/sub-group to another
and thus from week to week each santri will belong to a different group/sub-group. By
applying the bandungan method in two shifts, Kyai Hisyam teaches one group after
another the Safinah in an orderly manner from one chapter to the next. Outside the
bandungan class he requires the santri to read the related chapter(s) from Taqrib and to
consult him or whoever when it is needed. Thus unlike what they do with the Safinah,
they read the Taqrib on a topic rather than on a chapter basis. Once a week two shifts of
discussions are held. One sub-group discusses Safinah, the other sub-group argues or
raises some comments based on Taqrib. To support their arguments Kyai Hisyam
encourages the students to consult the references he provides, consisting of Hadits:
Arba'in al-Nawawiyah, Riyadh ash-Shalihin; Tafsir (Exegesis): Jalalain, Ash Shawi, Ibn
Katsir, Qurtubi, Muraghi); Theology (Nazham Nur al-Iman; Tajwid (Arabic or Qur'anic
reading rules): Bidayah ash-Sibyan, Tanfir al-Atfal, Jazwiyah. For Nahw/Sharaf (Arabic
grammar and word derivatives) Kyai Hisyam urges his santri to go to another pondok to
learn from another kyai. By applying this procedure Kyai Hisyam hopes the students will
have basic mastery of certain kitab with some acquaintance and broadened perspectives.
In his pondok, Ngaji kitab is held from 8.00 p.m to 10.00 p.m and from 5.00 a.m to
6.30 a.m daily, except on Friday which is free. Every Thursday evening after sunset
prayer, however, Kyai Hisyam still requires his santri to perform tahlil, and after evening
prayer to perform marhaba and public speech training. For all these, the santri have to
organize these rituals by themselves. Through this procedure he hopes that in the future or
when they have completed their learning, santri will have the necessary training to
engage actively in their societal roles.
11
EXERCISE
Answer the following question

1. What is the common purposes beyond the pesantren daily activities with all its
varieties?
2. Could you please mention some additional sources to strengthen the discourse the
santri?
3. What is the difference between learning Safinah and Taqrib?
LISTENING
Understanding Numbers
Track 3
Listen for the numbers and answer the questions. Write a number in the blank or choose
the correct letter, A, B, or C.
1. Credit Card
Credit Card Charge Form

Card Holder : Roger Wilcox
Address : 13 High Street
Card Number : -------------------
2. how many seats are there in the new theater

A. 200
B. 250
C. 500
3. Name
Name : Roberts, Sherry
Phone : ------------------------
4. How much will the woman pay for hotel room?

A. $255
B. $265
C. $315
5. Lost luggage report
12
Lost Luggage Report
Passenger name: Richard Lyons
Flight number : ----------------------------
Tract 4
Listen to these telephone numbers. Pay attention to the way three different speakers say
the same number
1. 703-6588
2. 744-1492
3. 202-9983
4. 671-4532
5. 824-1561
Now write the number you hear.
6. ------------------------------------
7. ------------------------------------
8. ------------------------------------
9. ------------------------------------
10. ------------------------------------
Understanding the Alphabet

Tract 5
Circle the correct spelling of the name you hear
1. Tomas Thomas
2. Maine Main
3. Patty Patti
4. Roberts Robertson
5. Springfield Springvale
6. Nixon Dixon
Tract 6
Complete the statements. Write no more than three words and/or a number for the answer.
7. Order Form 10. Royale Theater
Name A --------------------------- Green Ticket Order Form
Credit Card Number B------------------ Name: Peter Park
13
Address: 75 A------------------- Street
City : Riverdale
Seat number: B -------------------------
8. Telephone Directory
Barney‘s Discount Store 673-0982 A--- 11. Professor: Dr. A ------------------------
------------- Theater B --------------------- Office hours: T, Th 3:00-5:00
Office number: B
9. Hotel Serenity
Albert Street (Private Bag 91031) 12. Addresses
Auckland 1, New Zealand W
Tel: (9) 309-6445 Name : wild Flower Society
Reservations Address : A --------- State Street
Name: Roberto A ---------------------- City: B ------------
Room number: 304
Price B £ --------------------------------
A Day at School
1. How does Joshua go to school in Japan?
A. He takes a school bus every morning
B. He rides the subway at 8:00 AM.
C. He walks with a group of students.
2. Which item did Joshua NOT mention when talking about the things he takes to school?
A. Backpack
B. gym clothes
C. school hat
3. What is one of the first things Joshua does when he arrives at school?
A. He practices his reading and writing.
B. He stands and bows to the teacher.
C. He puts on his gym clothes for class.
14
4. Where does Joshua eat lunch at school?
A. in his classroom
B. in the lunchroom
C. in the gymnasium
5. What time does Joshua probably get home from school most days?
A. between 1:00 PM and 2:00 PM
B. between 2:00 PM and 3:00 PM
C. between 3:00 PM and 4:00 PM
LANGUAGE FOCUS
Parts of Speech
Circle all the nouns in the following sentences.

1. Psychologists now believe that people who get what they want are not
necessarily as happy as they thought they would be.
2. Dr. Daniel Gilbert, a Harvard psychologist, thinks that in the future we‘ll wonder
why we made today‘s choices.
3. We may make perfectly good choices for ourselves today, but we don‘t know
who we‘ll be in the future.
4. Credit cards are a great convenience until we overspend!
5. Check your credit at least once a year.
6. A lawyer testified on that case.
7. A renowned designer of glass is Dale Chihuly.
8. Carpet covered the entire space.
9. Environmentalists in our area planted clams in local ponds and had great success.
10. Lawmakers held hearings on the growing deficit.
Verbs
Circle all the verbs—both action and linking—in each of the following sentences.
1. Time flies.
15
2. The newly cleaned mirrors glitter and gleam.
3. My house is cold in the winter.
4. The child felt sad.
5. I am the president of our social club.
6. The company‘s eight stores closed in 2008.
7. My bank will merge with a larger one.
8. Bluefish and bass are abundant in Long Island Sound.
9. September 11, 2001, is a date seared in most memories.
10. A man, arrested for drunk driving, produced his identification.
Linking/being verbs
For each of the following sentences, select the linking verb that expresses the correct
number.
1. John Adams (was/were) President for one term.
2. The White House of Adams‘ time (appears/appear) very strange.
3. It (seems/seem) unfinished with no plaster in most of the rooms and no main
staircase.
4. People (grows/grew) tired of seeing Mrs. Adams‘s laundry hung in the East Room.
5. The White House grounds (smell/smells) foul.
6. The grounds (was/were) littered with workers‘ shanties, stagnant water, and
outhouses.
7. Today, the White House flowers (is/are) perfect.
8. The rooms (remain/remains) colorful and neat.
9. Visitors (seem/seems) delighted with their tour.
10. Our group (were/was) silent as the President approached.
Adjectives
Circle all the adjectives in the following sentences.

1. The smooth-haired dog is a beagle.
2. Lise is organized.
16
3. I have a well-informed friend.
4. Richard, tall and tan, returned from a long vacation.
5. A sleek car arrived at the front door.
6. The strapping quarterback fell to the ground.
7. His right knee was injured badly.
8. The loud, pulsing music tore through the small space.
9. An angry landlord rushed upstairs to complain.
10. A friend, gesturing and smiling, left the auction.
Adverbs
Circle the correct word to complete each sentence.

1. He plays basketball (good/well).
2. The (good/well) weather encouraged us to take a long walk.
3. Nina hasn‘t been (good/well) since she left the office with a fever.
4. It‘s a (good/well) thing she went home.
5. Fortunately, everyone in the office has stayed (good/well).
6. Billy cleaned the floor and did such a (good/well) job!
7. He works on his own very (good/well).
8. After having the flu, I didn‘t feel (good/well) for three weeks.
9. When Jenna was a toddler, she was so (good/well) at playing alone.
10. I saw such a (good/well) movie this weekend.
Pronouns
Correct the pronoun errors in each of the following sentences.

1. Me and my friends meet one night a month for dinner.
------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Him and me are best friends.
------------------------------------------------------------------
3. My boss gave he and I the same raise.
------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Send the letter to he by express mail.
17
-------------------------------------------------------------------
5. That gift is from Alex and I.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Prepositions
Find the prepositional phrase in each of the following sentences. Tell which word the
prepositional phrase describes. The first one is done for you.
1. A new bank opened in town. in town describes opened
-----------------------------------------------------
2. Don‘t position all the furniture against the walls.
----------------------------------------------------------
3. One bottle inside the carton was smashed.
---------------------------------------------------------
4. Please place the key between the doors.
----------------------------------------------------------
5. I opened the car door and left my coffee cup on top.
----------------------------------------------------------
6. Please tell me more about Larry.
------------------------------------------------------------
7. I‘m teaching a class in the adult school.
----------------------------------------------------------
8. We heard children laugh at the park.
----------------------------------------------------------
9. The new program on TV has a huge audience.
----------------------------------------------------------
10. The logs in the fireplace burned brightly.
----------------------------------------------------------
Conjunctions
In each of the following sentences, circle the conjunctions and decide what
kind it is—coordinating, correlative, or subordinating.
1. Abby and Michael are siblings.
--------------------------------------
18
2. I had to decide between having a big breakfast or saving room for lunch.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Karra had always loved sewing, but she didn‘t take sewing lessons until she was in
her thirties.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Neither the new computer nor the old one is working now.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Until the clock strikes 5 P.M., we‘ll work!
---------------------------------------------------
6. Because it is so hot, we‘ve run the air-conditioning for days.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Your comment was neither funny nor helpful.
-------------------------------------------------------
8. Our relationship is not only warm, but also encouraging.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
9. You join the group first, and I will follow.
-----------------------------------------------------
10. Since the candidate addressed our issues, we voted for her.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
WRITING ACTIVITY
Write some words related to Pesantren daily activity and categorize the part of speech!
SPEAKING PRACTICE
Pronounce the Pesantren daily activity words that you have already written!
19
UNIT II
PROPHET’S STORY
VOCABULARY BUILDING

Words Words
messenger of Allah utusan Allah raze to the ground meratakan dengan
tanah
sanctuary tempat suci Swoop menyambar
deliberate intention maksud/niat yang Pelt melempari
disengaja
pebble kerikil Rot membusuk
claw cakar/kuku take place terjadi
binatang
The Prophet’s Birth: The Year of the Elephant

The Messenger of Allah was born in Mecca on Monday morning, the 12 th of Rabi‘
al-Awwal, in the Year of the Elephant, 571 CE, some fifty-five days after the
unsuccessful expedition of Abrahah
against Mecca. Yemen at that time
was under the rule of Ethiopia, and
Abrahah was its governor. He built a
grand cathedral in Sana‘a: hoping to
make it take the place of Mecca as
the great place of pilgrimage for all
Arabia. A man from Kinanah, a
large tribe of Western Saudi Arabia in Hijaz, understood Abrahah‘s motive, so he went to
Sanaa‘ with the deliberate intention of defiling the church, which he did one night and
returned safely to his people.
20
When Abrahah heard of this, he swore that he would raze the Ka‘bah to the ground in
revenge. Having made his preparations, he set off for Mecca with a large army of sixty
thousand warriors, in the front of which he placed a colossal elephant. His army included
between nine to thirteen elephants. When Abrahah reached al-Muhassir Valley, between
Muzdalifah and Mina, the elephant knelt down to the ground. Abraha‘s soldiers did
everything they possibly could to bring it to his feet, but it stubbornly refused to move.
Whenever they directed it towards the north, south or east, the elephant would move
quickly, but whenever they directed it towards Mecca it would kneel down. This was the
clearest of forewarnings for the army not to move one step forward, but Abrahah was
blinded by his ambition for the sanctuary he had built and his determination to destroy the
Ka‘bah. Had he and his army turned back, they would perhaps have escaped the great
disaster. But it was too late.
Suddenly, the western sky grew dark, and a strange sound was heard in the distance.
Its volume gradually increased. A great wave of darkness arrived upon the army from the
direction of the sea, and the air above them was full of birds which were very much like
sparrows and swallows. Each bird had three pebbles the size of dried peas, one in its beak
and each one of the other two between the claws of each foot. They swooped to the army,
pelting them as they did so. The pebbles were hard and they landed with such rapidity
that they even pierced coats of mail. Every stone found its mark. Every pebble killed its
man. As soon as a soldier was hit, his flesh began to rot. A large number of Abrahah‘s
soldiers were killed in this way. Many others, Abrahah included, died soon after their
return to Sana‘a.
The Arabs attached great
importance to this event. They dated
their calendar from it saying, ‗This
occurred in the Year of the Elephant or
‗this happened so many years after the
Year of the Elephant‘. According to
many scholars, this event took place in
the year 571 of the Christian Calendar.
According to others, however, it
occurred in the year 570 CE. There is a difference of opinion among scholars concerning
the exact date of the birth of the Prophet: Some scholars maintain that he was born on the
9th Rabi‘ al-Awwal in the Year of the Elephant.
21
EXERCISE
1. What is the important event after the failed expedition on Ka‘ba?

2. Please mention some characteristics of the heavenly birds attacked the Abraha‘s
army
3. What is the exact date of the Prophet‘s birth?
LISTENING
Homelessness
1. What sometimes affects our ability to have compassion for the homeless?
A. few opportunities to volunteer
B. little contact with people everyday
C. poor understanding of the homeless
2. About _________ people are homeless in the United States.
A. 400,000
B. 450,000
C. 500,000
3. About ___________ percent of people who are homeless suffer from a mental health
issue.
A. 15
B. 20
C. 25
4. Even though 25% of the homeless have jobs, they __________.
A. sometimes can‘t find jobs that interest them
B. often have to travel a long way to their workplace
C. don‘t earn enough money to pay for their expenses
5. Randall talks about a time when he and his wife ________________.
A. gave money to the poor
B. volunteered at a homeless shelter
C. bought dinner for a man
22
The History of Makkah. Islamic Stories in 3D (Regular Version)
Task: Resume
LANGUAGE FOCUS
The Simple Present Tense

Complete the following sentences by writing am, isor arein the blank spaces.
1. The weather beautiful today.
2. All the children on the playground.
3. Boys! You always late for class.
4. you on the basketball team, too?
5. Nobody in my class interested in football.
6. this computer more expensive than that one?
7. Sally my best friend.
8. Mom and Dad downstairs watching television.
9. Paul and Henry in the computer room.
10. The Eiffel Tower the tallest monument in Paris.
Read the following passage. Fill in there‘s,thereare,thereisn‘tor therearen‘tin the blank

spaces.
I like playing in our park because some great things to play on.
A big chute to slide on and a huge sandbox to play in.

also some swings. Dogs are not allowed in the park so no dogs to bother
us.
Also a lot of space for us to run around. It sometimes gets hot because
many trees to give shade, but a fountain where we can

drink water. It‘s the best place in the town for children. Another place as
good as
the park.
Rewrite the following sentences using contractions. The first one has already been done to
help you.
1. It is another sunny day today.
23
It‘s another sunny day today.
2. This is my sister. She is five.

----------------------------------
3. I am not very interested in sports.
4. She is not my best friend. You are my best friend.
5. Cats are not as noisy as dogs.
6. We are busy doing our homework.
7. She is busy cleaning the car in the garage.
8. Our teacher is not very tall.
9. My parents are not home from work yet.
10. My friend is not very good at math.
WRITING ACTIVITY
Take a piece of paper, and then write your daily activity at Islamic Boarding School
(Pesantren) using Simple Present Tense!
SPEAKING PRACTICE
What activities do you usually do at Pesantren? Mention at least five activities and
exchange with your friend!
*****
24
UNIT III
THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
VOCABULARY BUILDING

Words Words
submission kepatuhan/kepasrahan witness bersaksi
establishing the mendirikan salat purify Mensucikan
prayers
obligation Kewajiban have been telah diperintahkan
enjoined
believers orang beriman refrain menahan diri
devotion ketaatan/kesetiaan undertake Menjalankan/melakukan
The Five Pillars of Islam

The word Islam is derived from the Arabic root s-I-m, which means 'safety, calm,
being safe, and sound, or to remain unharmed, being free from obstacles, to hand over, to
submit to, to surrender to. The word salaam, which comes from the same root, means
'peace. Thus, Islam means a total willing submission (Surat Ali-'lmran, 3: 19). Hence,
Islam is an act of a total willing surrender to Allah's will and following His commands.
The term Islam occurs eight times in the Qur'an. The religion sent down by Allah and
brought into the world by His prophets has been called Islam for the simple reason that, in
it, the servant surrenders completely to the power and control of the Lord and obeys Him
whole-heartedly.
Muslim means one who submits to Allah, (2:1 31) one who professes the faith of
Islam, (Surat of-Hajj, 22:78) hence, a 'submitter. The term in its singular form occurs
25
twice in the Qur'an (Surat Ali-'lmran, 3:67 and Surah Yusuf, 12: 101. Since everything in
this universe functions in accordance with its ingrained laws, they automatically obey the
command of Allah. The whole universe is, therefo re, muslim, surrendering to the will of
Allah. Man is the only exception in this universal law. This is because he is endowed with
the free choice of obeying or disobeying the commands of Allah.
The basic obligatory duties of a Muslim towards Allah are known as the Five Pillars of
Islam. The Prophet said:
Islam is built upon five pillars: Testifying that there is no god but Allah and that
Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establishing the [obligatory] prayers, giving the
zakaat, making the pilgrimage to the [Sacred] House, and fa sting in Ramadan.'
(Reported by al-Bukhare and Muslim)
Based on the report above, the five pillars of Islam (arkan al-Islam) consist of:
a. al-Shahaadataan (the declaration of faith),
b. The five obligatory prayers (al-shalah),
c. The purifying dues (zakaat),
d. Fasting (shawm) in the month of Ramadaan and
e. Pilgrimage to Makkah (hajj).
The First Pillar: The Two Statement of Faith (al-Syahadataan). The Arabic wod
shahada means to witness, to experience personally. From
this root, shahadah means testimony, evidence, or witness.
Being a muslim is outwardly established by one‘s saying the
two statements of faith. One‘s submission is perfected
through performing the other obligatory duties mentioned in the hadeeth above.
Neglecting them suggest that one has dissolved or weakened the terms of one‘s
obedience. The testimony of faith is a statement or
kalimah. The Qur‘an calles it kalimatan-tayyibatan- a
good word (surat Ibrahim: 14: 24). The first part of
shahadah is the testimony of the onesess of Allah
(tawheed); ―there is no god but Allah‖. The second part
is the testimony of Muhammad as the messenger of
Allah.
The Second Pillar: Establishing the Prayers
(Salaah). Salaah is an Arabic word which
26
means 'to turn towards something or to pay attention, to pray, to praise and to pay respect:
It is a Qur'a nic keyword. Establishing the prayers means the prescribed Islamic prayers:
the five daily prayers. (Surat al-Baqarah, 2:238). The structure and timings of Salaah as
well as its contents are all very well explained in both the Qur'a n and the Sunnah. It is
not only for this nation (Ummah) that Salaah was made obligatory. The Qur'a n declares
that Allah enjoined the performance of Salaah on the communities of all the earlier
prophets. However the fo rm of Salaah prescribed was different from the one prescribed
for this community. But qiyyaam, ruku' and sujud were always parts of Salaah. The word
Salaah occurs 78 times in the Qur'an. Allah's Messenger said, 'Pray in the manner that
you have seen me praying: (Reported by al-Bukhaaree). The objective of Salaah is to
establish an intimate relationship between the servant and his Creator. The five daily
prayers are in fact a type of purification for the true believers, as they bring them closer
to Allah and afford them the opportunity to turn to their Lord five times a day.
The Third Pillar: Giving Zakaat. The
Arabic word zakaat is derived fro m the
root z-k-y, which means 'to grow, to
flourish, to reach, to purify, and to be
purified: Zakaat is meant to purify a
person's capital and income fro m the ta
int of selfishness, hence the name
zakaat -the purifying dues. The term
zakaat occurs 32 times in the Qur'a n.
Zakaat is the third pillar of Islam. It ranks very close to Salaah, and they are both often
mentioned together in the Qur'a n - in eighty-two places, to be precise. See, for instance,
73:20, 33:33 and 2:43. The payment of zakaat purifies believers and their wealth. It
purifies their soul by cleansing it of the disease of tightfistedness and miserliness. In
Sharee'ah, zakaat's technical reference meaning is into a specific portion of one's different
type of wealth that one must give every year to a specific group of recipients mentioned
in the Qur'an. See (Surat at-Tawbah, 9:60) Zakaat is not a favour to be give n to the poor
by the rich. Rather, it is the right of the poor on the wealth of the rich. (Surat al-Ma'aarij,
70: 24-25). To with hold zakaat is to deprive the poor of their rightful share. Who Are
Entitled to Receive Zakaat? The Qur'a n states that there are eight categories of people
who are entitled to receive zakaat (Surat at-Tawbah, 9:60). They are: 'the poor; the
destitute and the needy; workers in zakaat administration; those whose hearts need to be
27
reconciled; freeing from bondage; those in debts; for the cause of Allah and the travellers.
helps the poor of society as they receive wealth that they need. It helps to strengthen the
ties of brotherhood society. Zakaat is the most effective measure to improve the economic
condition of the have-nots. It is not a tax but rather a lofty form of worship whereby
people come close to their Lord. The Muslims have therefore, been enjoined to pay zakaat
with the same sense of earnestness and devotion in which the seeker of the Lord observes
the prayer. The primary motive of zakaat is religious and spiritual, while the social and
economic aspects are subordinate to it.
The Fourh Pillar: Fasting. Sawm or Siyaam
literally means 'to refrain from something or to
leave something‘. In the Sharee' ah, it denotes
refraining from food, drink, and sexual inte
rcourse during the days of the month of
Ramadaan. Fasting in the month of Ramadaan
is a pillar of Islam. Fasting is an act of
worship that shows one's sincerity to one's Lord. Only Allah is aware whether a person
has truly fasted or not. No one can know if they secretly break their fast. Therefore, Allah
has a special reward for those who fast. Allah's Messenger: said ―'Whoever fasts the
month of Ramadaan with iman and ihtisab, all their previous sins are forgiven: (Reported
by al-Bukhaaree and Muslim). Iman and Ihtisab are technical terms which mean that all
good deeds must be done for the sake of Allah with the hope of receiving reward from
Him. Thus, there should not be any other motive. Iman means fa ith, while ihtisab means
anticipating Allah's reward for one's good deeds.
The Fifth Pillar: The Pilgrimage to
the House (Hajj). The next pillar is the
pilgrimage to the House - the hajj. Hajj is
an Arabic term whose primary meaning is
'to intend to visit someone or somewhere
that is the object of reverence, respect,
veneration or honour: In the terminology of
the Islamic Law (Sharee 'ah), it is the pilgrimage to the Ka'bah in Makkah during the
prescribed period: during certain specific days in the month of Dhul-Hijjah. The hajj is an
obligation upon every adult Muslim who is financially well off and physically fit to
undertake the journey, once in a life time. It is, however, much more than an obligation. It
28
is a pillar of Islam itself. Abdul Hamid Siddiqi describes the significance of hajj as
follows: It is rightly said that it (the hajj) is the perfection of faith, since it combines in
itself all the distinctive qualities of other obligatory acts. It represents the quality of
Salaah (prayer) since a pilgrim also offers prayers in the Ka'bah, the House of the Lord. It
encourages spending of material wealth for the sake of the Lord, the chief characteristic
of zakaat. When a pilgrim sets out for hajj, he dissociates himself from his hearth and
home, from his near and dear ones, to please his Lord. He suffers privation and
undertakes the hardship of journey - the lessons we learn from fasting and i' tikaaf
(seclusion in the mosque for personal worship and devotion, usually observed at the end
of the month of Ramadaan). In hajj, one is trained to be completely forgetful of the
material comforts and pomp and show of worldly life. He is required to avoid the use of
oil or scent or any other perfume. He is not even allowed to get his hair cut or trim his
beard. In short, he is commanded to abandon everything for the sake of Allah and submit
himself before his Lord, the ultimate aim of the life of a Muslim.
EXERCISE
1. What is the major tenet of the word ―‖Islam‖, both in ethymological and
terminological sense?
2. What is the origin of the ―Five Pillars‖ concept?
3. Choose one of those pillars and explain the secrets and the truth beyond it!
LISTENING
Smoking
1. The man smokes _______ packs of cigarettes a day.
A. one
B. two
C. three
2. The man and woman are _____________.
A. siblings
B. husband and wife
C. coworkers
3. According to the conversation, where does the man probably smoke at home?
A. in the bathroom
B. in his bedroom
29
C. on the porch
4. The woman knows the man's son, Jacob, is smoking because ________.
A. she caught him smoking at school
B. he confessed to her about his problem
C. she discovered his habit at her house
5. Based on the tone of the conversation, the man is ____________ the woman's ideas.
A. resistant to
B. open to
C. confused with
Cultural Islam or Islamic Culture - Dr. Bilal Philips

What is the purpose of the speech? Summarize the lecture in one piece of paper!
LANGUAGE FOCUS
The Simple Past Tense

Complete the sentences with the simple past tense of the verbs in parentheses.
1. The boys (whisper) secrets to each other.

2. Uncle Ben (hurry) to catch his bus.
3. We (return) our books to the library.
4. She (kiss) the frog and it (change) into a prince.
5. Someone (tap) me on the shoulder.
6. The baby (cry) when we took her toy away.
7. John (pin) the badge onto his jacket.
8. Two doctors (rush) into the room.
9. This is the house that we (live) in when I was younger.
10. Grandad (lower) himself into the chair.
Write ―was‖ or ―were‖ in the blank spaces in the following passage.
It a beautiful summer‘s day and there n‘t a cloud in

the sky. Mom, Dad and I all in the garden. Dad
in the vegetable garden
planting some seeds and Mom and I busy with other jobs.
The
sun hot and soon I feeling very tired. Mom and Dad
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n‘t tired at all. They went on working for a long time. I
glad when it time to go inside and have a drink.
Draw a circle around the correct past tense verb in each sentence below.
1. I (losed / lost) my watch in the park.
2. David (hurt / hurted) his knee when he (falled / fell).
3. I kicked the ball hard and it (breaked / broke) a window.
4. My new shoes (cost / costed) a lot of money.
5. I (getted / got) this book from the library.
6. We had a garage where we (keeped / kept) our car.
7. Ali (shew / showed) me the cut on his knee.
8. The glass (falled / fell) off the table and (breaked / broke).
9. We (selled / sold) our old car and (buyed / bought) a new one.
10. The bell (ringed / rang) and we all (goed / went) into school.
11. The dog (catched / caught) the ball in its mouth.
12. The man (kneeled / knelt) down to talk to the little boy.
13. I (meeted / met) my friend in the park.
14. Our cat (runned / ran) onto the road in front of a car.
15. Jane (writed / wrote) a letter to her best friend.
WRITING ACTIVITY
Who was your best school teacher? Write a story about him/her (his/her personality,
teaching method, lesson content, etc.)
SPEAKING PRACTICE
Tell your friends how you passed the National Examination!
********
31
UNIT IV
MUSLIM AROUND THE WORLD
VOCABULARY BUILDING
Words Words
adherent pengikut/pemeluk reside bertempat-tinggal
denomination kelompok/sekte subcontinent anak-benua
the converts kelompok yang masuk archipelago kepulauan
agama lain
the share Bagian/porsi estimate Memperkirakan/menaksir
albeit Meskipun hanya .. increase meningkat/bertambah
World’s Muslim Population More Widespread Than You Might Think

Adherents of Islam constitute
the world's second largest religious
group. According to a study in 2015,
Islam has 1.8 billion adherents,
making up about 24% of the world
population. Most Muslims are either
of two denominations: Sunni (80-
90%, roughly 1.5 billion people) or
32
Shia (10–20%, roughly 170-340 million people). Islam is the dominant religion in the
Central Asia, Indonesia, Middle East, South Asia, North Africa, the Sahel and some other
parts of Asia.
Around 31% of all Muslims are of South Asian origin (Pakistan, Bangladesh,
Afghanistan and India combined). The Indian subcontinent as a whole, therefore, hosts
the largest population of Muslims in the world. Within this region, however, Muslims are
second in numbers to Hindus, as Muslims are a majority in Pakistan and Bangladesh, but
not India.
The country with the single largest population of Muslims is Indonesia in Southeast
Asia, which on its own hosts 13% of the world's Muslims. Together, the Muslims in the
countries of the Malay Archipelago (which includes Brunei, Singapore, Malaysia,
Indonesia, the Philippines and East Timor) constitute the world's second or third largest
population of Muslims. Here Muslims are majorities in each country other than
Singapore, the Philippines, and East Timor.
The various Hamito-Semitic (including Arab, Berber), Turkic, and Iranic countries
of the greater Middle East-North Africa (MENA) region, where Islam is the dominant
religion in all countries other than Israel, hosts 23% of world Muslims. About 15% of
Muslims reside in Sub-Saharan Africa, and sizable Muslim communities are also found in
the Americas, Caucasus, China, Europe, Horn of Africa, Mainland Southeast Asia,
Philippines, Russia and Swahili coast.Western Europe hosts large Muslim immigrant
communities where Islam is the second largest religion after Christianity, where it
represents 6% of the total population or 24 million people. Converts and immigrant
communities are found in almost every part of the world.
Looking ahead, the Center estimates that by 2050 the number of Muslims
worldwide will grow to 2.76 billion, or 29.7% of world‘s population. The share of the
world‘s Muslims who live in sub-Saharan Africa will increase from 15.5% in 2010 to
24.3%. Asia, which is currently home to more of the world‘s Muslims (61.7%) than all
the other regions combined, will continue to host a majority of the world‘s Muslims,
albeit with a smaller share (52.8%). As for the Middle East and North Africa, the region
will roughly maintain its share of the world‘s Muslims, rising only slightly from 19.8% to
20.0% in 2050. Just 0.2% of the world‘s Muslims live in North America. In the U.S.,
Muslims are projected to double from 0.9% of the population in 2010 to 2.1% by 2050
based on recent demographic and migration patterns.
33
EXERCISE
1. In terms of the percentage of Islamic adherents, how does Indonesia differ from
other countries?
2. Mention several regions that share fifteen percent of the world muslim population!
3. What is the percentage of the increasing Muslim population in U.S. during 40
years?
LISTENING
Learning Languages
1. From the content of the conversation, where does this interview take place?
A. at a public forum
B. in an auditorium
C. on TV
D. in a classroom
2. According to Dr. Adams, what is one of the most important points in learning a foreign
language?
A. exposing oneself to the target culture
B. attending regularly a good language program
C. coming up with a study plan
D. developing good note-taking skills
3. Dr. Adams suggests that:
A. a realistic goal for learners is to reach a certain level of language proficiency, not
native fluency.
B. students can achieve native-like pronunciation through focused study.
C. learners should interact with native speakers to gain greater fluency.
D. teachers need to help students foster a good self-esteem and confidence.
4. What kinds of activities would help Dr. Adams in his own study?
A. listening to information and then discussing it with others
B. reading books and magazines for news
C. being involved in group or class projects
D. keeping a journal and exchanging with a friend
5. Which point was NOT mentioned in the interview?
34
A. Many learners often favor a combination different learning styles.
B. Pronunciation practice is key to improved comprehensibility.
C. Setting reachable goals should be paramount in learning.
D. Learning is a step-by-step process.
Islam is the Fastest Growing Religion in USA

Task: Resume
LANGUAGE FOCUS
The Present Progressive Tense and The Past Progressive Tense

Fill in the blank spaces with the present progressive tense of the verbs in parentheses. Try to use
contractions such as I‘m, she‘s and they‘rewhere you can.
1. We (go) to the zoo tomorrow.
2. He (fix) my bike in the garage.
3. I (help) Mom in the kitchen.
4. My sister and I (watch) television in our bedroom.
5. The train (leave) in ten minutes.
6. They (come) with us to the museum.
7. We (paint) some pictures for Aunt Susan.
8. The boys and girls (dance) in the hall.
9. The cat (chase) some birds.

10. My brother (tickle) me.
Complete the following sentence with either 1) the simple present from verb, or 2) the
present progressive from of the verb.
1. The teacher always (give) us interesting project work.
2. The wind (blow) very strongly today.
3. I (like) chocolate ice cream.
35
4. Be quiet! We (try) to listen to the radio.
5. Let‘s go inside now. It (begin) to rain.
6. Penguins (eat) fish.
7. Dad never (let) us play in the street when it‘s dark.
8. The children (go) swimming every day.
9. We‘re trying to catch the ball that (roll) down the hill.
10. My teacher (know) a lot about plants and animals.
Complete the sentence with the past progressive tense of the verbs in parentheses.
1. At the block party lots of people (dance) in the street.
2. I (sit) in my bedroom reading a book.
3. Someone (make) a very loud noise in the street.
4. Why you all (laugh) when I came in?
5. Mike and John (wash) their paintbrushes.
6. Sally (practice) the piano.
7. I ran so fast that my heart (beat) really hard.
8. Our neighbors (have) a barbecue.
WRITING ACTIVITY
Write a paragraph, describes or guess what Muslim are doing around the world right now!
SPEAKING PRACTICE
Share your writing with your friend by using Present and Past Progressive Tense.
*******
36
UNIT V
ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION
VOCABULARY BUILDING
Words Words
empire kerajaan/imperium preserve menjaga
antiquity zaman kuno serve as bertindak sebagai
bark pohon kina to issue mengeluarkan
invention Penemuan improve meningkatan
hasil/kualitas
polymath seseorang yang memiliki keahlian obtain memperoleh
dalam banyak bidang studi
The Islamic Golden Age

The Islamic Golden Age is traditionally dated from the mid-7th century to the mid-
13th century at which Muslim rulers established one of the largest empires in history.
During this period, artists, engineers, scholars, poets, philosophers, geographers and
traders in the Islamic world contributed to agriculture, the arts, economics, industry, law,
literature, navigation, philosophy, sciences, sociology, and technology, both by
preserving earlier traditions and by adding inventions and innovations of their own. Also
at that time the Muslim world became a major intellectual centre for science, philosophy,
medicine and education.
37
In Baghdad they established the ―House of Wisdom―, where scholars, both Muslim
and non-Muslim, sought to gather and translate the world‘s knowledge into Arabic in the
Translation Movement. Many classic works of antiquity that would otherwise have been
forgotten were translated into Arabic and later in turn translated into Turkish, Sindhi,
Persian, Hebrew and Latin. Knowledge was synthesized from works originating in
ancient Mesopotamia, Ancient Rome, China, India, Persia, Ancient Egypt, North Africa,
Ancient Greece and Byzantine civilizations.
Other Muslim dynasties such as the Fatimids of Egypt and the Umayyads of al-
Andalus were also major intellectual centres with cities such as Cairo and Córdoba
rivaling Baghdad. The Islamic empire was the first ―truly universal civilization,‖ which
brought together for the first time ―peoples as diverse as the Chinese, the Indians, the
people of the Middle East and North
Africa, black Africans, and white
Europeans.‖A major innovation of this
period was paper – originally a secret
tightly guarded by the Chinese. The art
of papermaking was obtained from
prisoners taken at the Battle of Talas
(751), spreading to the Islamic cities of
Samarkand and Baghdad. The Arabs
improved upon the Chinese techniques of using mulberry bark by using starch to account
for the Muslim preference for pens vs. the Chinese for brushes. By AD 900 there were
hundreds of shops employing scribes and binders for books in Baghdad and public
libraries began to become established. From here paper-making spread west to Morocco
and then to Spain and from there to Europe in the 13th century.
Much of this learning and development can be linked to topography. Even prior to
Islam‘s presence, the city of Mecca served as a center of trade in Arabia. The tradition of
the pilgrimage to Mecca became a center for exchanging ideas and goods. The influence
held by Muslim merchants over African-Arabian and Arabian-Asian trade routes was
tremendous. As a result, Islamic civilization grew and expanded on the basis of its
merchant economy, in contrast to their Christian, Indian and Chinese peers who built
societies from an agricultural landholding nobility. Merchants brought goods and their
faith to China, India, South-East Asia, and the kingdoms of Western Africa and returned
with new inventions. Merchants used their wealth to invest in textiles and plantations.
38
Aside from traders, Sufi missionaries also played a large role in the spread of Islam,
by bringing their message to various regions around the world. The principal locations
included: Persia, Ancient Mesopotamia, Central Asia and North Africa. Although, the
mystics also had a significant influence in parts of Eastern Africa, Ancient Anatolia
(Turkey), South Asia, East Asia and South-east Asia.
A number of important educational and scientific institutions previously unknown
in the ancient world have their origins in the early Islamic world, with the most notable
examples being: the public hospital (which replaced healing temples and sleep temples)
and psychiatric hospital, the public library and lending library, the academic degree-
granting university, and the astronomical observatory as a research institute as opposed to
a private observation post as was the case in ancient times).
The first universities which issued diplomas were the Bimaristan medical
university-hospitals of the medieval Islamic world, where medical diplomas were issued
to students of Islamic medicine who were qualified to be practicing doctors of medicine
from the 9th century. The Guinness Book of World Records recognizes the University of
Al Karaouine in Fez, Morocco as the oldest degree-granting university in the world with
its founding in 859 CE. Al-Azhar University, founded in Cairo, Egypt in the 975 CE,
offered a variety of academic degrees, including postgraduate degrees, and is often
considered the first full-fledged university. The origins of the doctorate also dates back to
the ijazat attadris wa „l-ifta (―license to teach and issue legal opinions‖) in the medieval
Madrasahs which taught Islamic law.
The library of Tripoli is said to have had as many as three million books before it
was destroyed by Crusaders. The number of important and original medieval Arabic
works on the mathematical sciences far exceeds the combined total of medieval Latin and
Greek works of comparable significance, although only a small fraction of the surviving
Arabic scientific works have been studied in modern times.
A number of distinct features of the modern library were introduced in the Islamic
world, where libraries not only served as a collection of manuscripts as was the case in
ancient libraries, but also as a public library and lending library, a centre for the
instruction and spread of sciences and ideas, a place for meetings and discussions, and
sometimes as a lodging for scholars or boarding school for pupils. The concept of the
library catalogue was also introduced in medieval Islamic libraries, where books were
organized into specific genres and categories.
39
Another common feature during the Islamic Golden Age was the large number of
Muslim polymath scholars, who were known as “Hakeems”, each of whom contributed
to a variety of different fields of both religious and secular learning, comparable to the
later ―Renaissance Men‖ (such as Leonardo da Vinci) of the European Renaissance
period. During the Islamic Golden Age, polymath scholars with a wide breadth of
knowledge in different fields were more common than scholars who specialized in any
single field of learning.
Notable medieval Muslim polymaths included al-Biruni, al-Jahiz, al-Kindi, Ibn Sina
(Latinized: Avicenna), al-Idrisi, Ibn Bajjah, Ibn Zuhr, Ibn Tufail, Ibn Rushd (Latinized:
Averroes), al-Suyuti, Jābir ibn Hayyān, Abbas Ibn Firnas, Ibn al-Haytham (Latinized:
Alhazen or Alhacen), Ibn al-Nafis, Ibn Khaldun, al-Khwarizmi, al-Masudi, al-Muqaddasi,
and Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī.
EXERCISE
1. What is the multicultural point of ―The House of Wisdom‖ in terms of the scholars
within the institution?
2. Who is the ―Hakeem‖? mention some Muslim representations of it!
3. Based on your reading, what is the major key employed and depeloved by the
Muslim society during the Golden Age of Islam?
LISTENING
Our Aging Society

1. What is the main topic of this address?
A. the growing crisis of inadequate retirement pensions for the future
B. the problem of providing adequate medical care for the elderly
C. the need to reevaluate our attitudes towards senior citizens
2. What was the speaker's purpose in sharing the story about his grandfather?
A. to highlight the difficulties of finding affordable housing in the future
B. to illustrate the preoccupations of older citizens with growing older
C. to describe the lack of public facilities designed for the elderly
3. Which of the following statements did Dr. Miller NOT mention when speaking of
senior citizens' "golden years"?
A. The loss of a person's self-identity is most prevalent in one's advancing years.
40
B. A person's declining health contributes to a feeling of inadequacy.
C. Self-worth is often tied to one's profession and social standing.
4. What do you think the speaker will talk about in the next part of his address?
A. the contributions the elderly can make in our societies
B. the swelling burden of supporting welfare programs in the future
C. our responsibility of building retirement homes for our graying society
5. Where does this plenary address most likely take place?
A. at a retirement home
B. at a conference center
C. at a hospital
Islamic Civilization - The Golden Age of Learning

Task: Resume
LANGUAGE FOCUS
Subjunctive
1. Fill in the blanks with the Simple Present Subjunctive of the verbs shown in
brackets. For example:
They insisted that she _____ at once. (to come)

They insisted that she come at once.
The proposal that she ______ us has merit. (to meet)

The proposal that she meet us has merit.
1. He suggested that I _________ ready by eight o'clock. (to be)
2. We request that she _________ the window. (to open)
3. They demanded that he _________ the room. (to leave)
4. I will ask that she _____________ me. (to accompany)
5. They recommended that he _________ to Bermuda. (to fly)
6. The request that we ______ ready to leave at six is a nuisance. (to be)
7. The recommendation that she ______ a holiday was carried out. (to take)
8. It is necessary that you _________ able to come with us. (to be)
9. They asked that we _________ standing. (to remain)
41
10. The requirement that he _________ work will be hard to meet. (to find)
11. It is important that he _________ everything he can. (to learn)
12. The demand that she __________ the report has been carried out. (to complete)
2. Complete each of the following sentences with the Past Perfect Subjunctive of the
verb shown in brackets. For example:
They wished they ___ not ____. (to come)
They wished they had not come.
I wish I ________ ready on time. (to be)
I wish I had been ready on time.
1. Will she wish she __________ her bicycle? (to ride)

2. Will she wish she had ridden her bicycle?
3. I wish I ______ not ____________ the answers. (to lose)
4. They wished they ______ not _____________ the appointment. (to forget)
5. He will wish he __________________ us the book. (to show)
6. Will they wish we __________________ them some food? (to give)
7. We wish it _______________ yesterday. (to snow)
8. She wished she ______ not _________ the window. (to open)
9. I wished I _______________ the news. (to hear)
10. You wish you _______________ what to do. (to know)
3. Complete each of the following sentences with the Simple Past Subjunctive of the
verb shown in brackets. For example:
He wished he ____ able to do it. (to be)
He wished he were able to do it.
I wish I ______ with you. (to agree)

I wish I agreed with you.
They will wish they _____ time to come. (to have)

They will wish they had time to come.
42
1. I wish it _________ possible to finish the work tonight. (to be)
2. Will he wish he ______ ready? (to be)
3. She wished she _________ how to sing. (to know)
4. We wish they ____________ to come with us. (to want)
5. You wished you ___________ better. (to feel)
6. They will wish it _________ warmer. (to be)
7. Does he wish he ____________ younger? (to be)
8. I wish I _________ the subject more interesting. (to find)
4. Complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the Simple
conjugation with would. For example:
They wished the sun ___________. (to shine)
They wished the sun would shine.
Does she wish it __________? (to snow)

Does she wish it would snow?
You will wish the bell _________. (to ring)

You will wish the bell would ring
1. They wished she __________________ the arrangements. (to make)

2. He will wish you __________________ him. (to help)
3. She wishes the mail _______________. (to come)
4. We wished they _________________. (to hurry)
5. You will wish the door _________________. (to open)
6. They wish we _________________ for them. (to wait)
7. I wish you _________________ to me. (to write)
8. Will she wish you _______________ her? (to join)
5. Paying attention to the underlined adverbs indicating time, complete each of the
following sentences with the correct form of the verb shown in brackets. Use the
Past Perfect Subjunctive, the Simple Past Subjunctive, or the Simple conjugation
with would, depending on whether the time of the action referred to in the
43
subordinate clause is earlier than, the same as, or later than, the time of making
the wish. For example:
We wished they _________ us earlier. (to call)

We wished they had called us earlier.
She wishes she ____ in Rome now.

She wishes she were in Rome now.
I wish you __________ with us tomorrow. (to come)

I wish you would come with us tomorrow.
1. I wish he ___________ here now. (to be)

2. I wish that you _____________ here yesterday. (to be)
3. We wish you ________________ tomorrow. (to come)
4. You will wish you ______________ earlier. (to leave)
5. They wished he _________________ with them the next day. (to come)
6. We wish you ________________ yesterday. (to arrive)
7. I wish that he ______________ us next year. (to visit)
8. She wishes that she ___________ at home now. (to be)
9. You wish that he ______________ you last week. (to help)
10. He will always wish he ____________ rich. (to be)
11. The boy wished that he ____________ the competition the next day. (to win)
12. She will wish she _____________ the arrangements earlier. (to make)
13. I wish the weather ____________ warmer now. (to be)
14. We always wished we ____________ fluent in other languages. (to be)
15. They wish he ________________ them next week. (to telephone)
6. For each of the following sentences, rewrite the subordinate clause, using the
form in which the word if is omitted. For example:
If I were in your position, I would pay close attention.

Were I in your position, I would pay close attention.
44
If it had been raining, we would have used our umbrellas.
Had it been raining, we would have used our umbrellas.
1. If he were here, he would lend us his car.

2. If I had remembered their address, I would have sent them a card.
3. If we were not waiting for a telephone call, we would go downtown.
4. If they had recognized her, they would have spoken to her.
5. If I had been intending to go shopping, I would have let you know.
6. If you had seen the movie, you would have liked it.
7. If it were not snowing, we would go out.
8. If he had been shoveling the walk, we would have seen him.
WRITING ACTIVITY
Write a superstition by using subjunctive type one!
SPEAKING PRACTICE
Tell your friends how Muslim Civilization in Indonesia was!
*********
45
UNIT VI
ISLAMIC CRITICAL NEWS
VOCABULARY BUILDING

Words Words
insurgents Pemberontak/pengacau Flee Menyelamatkan diri
persecution Penganiayaan Urge menghimbau
refugee Pengungsi Suffer menderita
treatment Ancaman Overshadow mengalihkan
violence Kekerasan Invoke memohon
monastery Biara Affect mempengaruhi
arson pembakaran rumah Spurring on .. memacu
assault Penyerangan Threaten mengancam
More Than 70,000 Rohingya Flee Myanmar After Fresh Violence

Bangladesh/YANGON, Sept 3 (Reuters) - Myanmar urged Muslims in the troubled
northwest to cooperate in the search for insurgents, whose coordinated attacks on security
posts and an army crackdown have led to
one of the deadliest bouts of violence to
engulf the Rohingya community in
decades.The treatment of Buddhist-
majority Myanmar‘s roughly 1.1 million
Muslim Rohingya is the biggest challenge
facing leader Aung San Suu Kyi, accused
46
by Western critics of not speaking out for the minority that has long complained of
persecution.
Aid agencies estimate that about 73,000 Rohingya have fled into neighboring
Bangladesh from Myanmar since violence erupted last week, Vivian Tan, regional
spokeswoman for U.N. refugee agency UNHCR, told Reuters on Sunday. Hundreds more
refugees on Sunday walked through rice paddies from the Naf river separating the two
countries into Bangladesh. The clashes and military counter-offensive have killed nearly
400 people during the past week. Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan said on Friday that
violence against Muslims amounted to genocide. It marks a dramatic escalation of a
conflict that has simmered since October, when a smaller Rohingya attack on security
posts prompted a military response dogged by allegations of rights abuses.
―Islamic villagers in northern Maungtaw have been urged over loudspeakers to
cooperate when security forces search for Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA)
extremist terrorists, and not to pose a threat or brandish weapons when security forces
enter their villages,‖ a report in state-run newspaper Global New Light of Myanmar said
on Sunday.
ARSA has been declared a terrorist organization by the government. The group
claimed responsibility for coordinated attacks on security posts last week. In Maungni
village in northern Rakhine, villagers this week caught two ARSA members and handed
them over to the authorities, the newspaper added. The army wrote in a Facebook post on
Sunday that Rohingya insurgents had set fire to monasteries, images of Buddha as well as
schools and houses in northern Rakhine.
More than 200 buildings, including houses and shops, were destroyed across
several villages, the army said. While Myanmar officials blamed the ARSA for the
burning of homes, Rohingya fleeing to Bangladesh and human rights watchers say that a
campaign of arson and killings by the army is aimed at trying to force out the minority
group.
The Assault On The Rohingya Is Not Only About Religion — It’s Also About Land
Religion and ethnicity have been the major focus in local and international news
coverage of the persecution of the Rohingya in Myanmar. Such persecution is part of a
long and cruel history suffered by the Rohingya people. But there are limitations to this
explanation for the current phase of that long-standing violence. Two recent
47
developments make me question whether religion gives us the full picture of what is
happening now.
The first is the Myanmar government‘s 2016 decision to include a relatively
significant 3 million acres of Rakhine rural land in the national list of land allocations for
―economic development.‖ Before this,
according to government documents,
Rakhine was only in the list for a mere
17,000 acres allocated in 2012. In
Myanmar, the government‘s language
of ―economic development‖ describes
allocations of land that the military has
de facto control over and have been
selling to Burmese and foreign firms
for the past 20 years. But Rakhine, a
forgotten poor area at the margins of the country, had not really been part of such
allocations. To some extent, the international, almost exclusive focus on religion has
overshadowed the vast land grabs that have affected millions of people in Myanmar over
the years, and now also the Rohingya.
It was a Chinese consortium‘s plan to develop a $7.3 billion deep-sea port at
Kyaukpyu on the coast of Rakhine and a $3.2 billion industrial park nearby. China-
funded development projects in Myanmar would be key links in Beijing‘s Belt and Road
Initiative. So the land freed by the radical expulsion of the Rohingya might have become
of interest to the military and its role in leading economic development around the
country.
Religion may be functioning as a veil that military leaders can use to minimize
attention on the land-grabbing aspect of this economic development part of their agenda.
This is new in Rakhine, but it has happened in many other parts of Myanmar. For two
decades, the military has controlled land allocation to national and foreign actors. The
most affected have been minority Buddhists, mostly poor rural people.
In Rakhine, the military may be supporting extremist Buddhist sects who are
spurring the persecution of the Rohingya; these Rakhine-based Buddhists are almost as
poor as the Rohingya. The military, long in the business of land grabs, cannot lose by
enabling the escalating evictions of the Rohingya. Invoking prejudice against the Muslim
population and the ―criminality‖ of the Rohingya community may well suit military
48
leaders‘ ultimate goal better than if they truthfully declared what they‘re really after ―
the business of development.
We‘ve seen the rapid and absolute elimination of many Rohingya villages over the
last few weeks. There was no forced migration of Rohingya to government-controlled
camps to protect them from attacks, as was the case in earlier conflicts. Instead, there has
been an effort to erase all traces that Rohingya villages ever existed. While attacks and
forced expulsions of the Rohingya are not new, there seems to be something nefarious
and intentional in the way these current attacks attempt to erase the Rohingya community.
In major military attacks on Rohingya back in 2014, the military moved the
affected Rohingya communities into government-controlled camps with the promise that
they would return to their villages. That return never happened. Nor did the military ever
hold responsible those who murdered Rohingya and burned their houses and fields in the
earlier offensive.
Chinese enterprises, mostly state-owned, have been key developers in Myanmar
for years. And Beijing‘s influence is growing. For example, Beijing is a major backer of
the controversial $3.6 billion Myitsone Dam project in northern Myanmar, which
threatens to upset fishing industries and displace thousands of people. China is also a key
actor in the timber industry in Myanmar‘s vast forests. Over a million acres of forest land
are being lost every year in recent years; a third of these forests is now gone.
This is not a side of the Rohingya issue that has been widely included in the
international discussion regarding the extreme attacks and expulsions of Rohingya over
the last few weeks. The focus in the international community has been exclusively on the
fact of religious persecution. One cannot help but wonder whether Aung San Suu Kyi‘s
much-criticized silence is partly driven by these mega-projects, as they can bring valuable
and much-needed development to Rakhine, the poorest in Myanmar.
EXERCISE
1. According to the text above, what is going on in Myanmar?

2. Who is responsible for Rohingya oppression?
3. What is the difference between News and Opinion? Please apply to the texts above!
49
LISTENING
Politics
1. Which statement is true about the candidate's first point on taxes?
A. New school funding will be generated by eliminating tax breaks.
B. Taxes will be used to retain teachers for the future.
C. Property taxes should be used to improve existing schools.
2. What is the speaker's main point about economic development?
A. The candidate is proposing the development of new housing downtown.
B. New sport arenas should be built to revitalize the local economy.
C. More green areas should be developed in the suburbs to improve recreational
opportunities.
3. What can we infer from the politician's third point?
A. More roads need to be built for future generations.
B. Long-term solutions to improve transportation traffic will include trains.
C. More efficient means of transportation will be supported by the federal government.
4. What reason is given for voting for the candidate at the end of the speech?
A. He understands the needs of the common man.
B. He has had a long career as a politician.
C. He has fought against big business interests.
Angry Calls for Christian to be tried for Blasphemy by Muslim Mob in Indonesia
Task: Resume
LANGUAGE FOCUS
Indirect direct speech
Sentences are given in the direct speech. Change them into the indirect speech.
1. He said, ―I have got a toothache‖.
2. Manu said, ―I am very busy now‖.
3. ―Hurry up,‖ she said to us.
4. ―Give me a cup of water,‖ he told her.
5. She said, ―I am going to college.‖
50
6. She said to me, ―Thank you‖
7. Raju said, ―Gautam must go tomorrow‖.
8. Geetha says, ―My father is an Engineer.‖
9. He said, ―I have passed the physical test.‖
10. She said to me, ―You are my only friend.‖
11. ‗I love you,‘ he told me.
12. ‗Where are you going?‘ James asked Mary.
Complete the sentences in reported speech. Note whether the sentence is a request, a
statement or a question.
1. He said, "I like this song."
→ He said ---------------------------
2. "Where is your sister?" she asked me.
→ She asked me ----------------------------------
3. "I don't speak Italian," she said.
→ She said --------------------------------
4. "Say hello to Jim," they said.
→ They asked me -------------------------------------
5. "The film began at seven o'clock," he said.
→ He said ------------------------------------------
6. "Don't play on the grass, boys," she said.
→ She told the boys ---------------------------------------------
7. "Where have you spent your money?" she asked him.
→ She asked him ----------------------------------------------
8. "I never make mistakes," he said.
→ He said -------------------------------------------
9. "Does she know Robert?" he wanted to know.
→ He wanted to know ---------------------------------------------
10. "Don't try this at home," the stuntman told the audience.
→ The stuntman advised the audience -------------------------------------------------
WRITING ACTIVITY
Write a paragraph report that talk about Islam!
51
SPEAKING PRACTICE
Make groups of discussion, and decide who are affirmative and who are negative. Give
the argument if you are affirmative or negative group and defend it strongly!
*******
52
UNIT VII
ACADEMIC ISLAMIC
JOURNAL AND RESEARCH
VOCABULARY BUILDING

Words Words
Advent Kedatangan Reminiscent Mengingatkan
Scholar Cendekia Inextricably Tidak dapat dipisahkan
Argue Memperdebatkan Enlivened Dimeriahkan
turbid Keruh Patron Pelindung
fountain Air mancur Accordance Sesuai
Unravel Terurai Disrupt Mengganggu
Tangled Kusut Reinforces Menguatkan
Intimate Intim Propagate Menyebarkan
The Advent of Islam In Indonesia: The Indian Theory

M. Abdul Karim
Islamic State University (UIN) Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia
[email protected]
A. Introduction
Various theories concerning the advent Islam to Malay-Indonesian archipelago,
ranging from the Arab, Persia, India, and China, have been contested by Indonesian
scholars as well as outsider‘s studies especially from western scholars. Nevertheless,
53
the exploration of time and place in the advent of Islam in Indonesia, remains
unfinished and leaves some controversial issues behind. The controversy of the
presence of Islam in the archipelago is colored with the notable view of some
Western scholars who argue that Islam which comes to Indonesia is not ―pure‖
anymore. They equate Islam that arrived in Indonesia with rivers flowing from the
Middle East to the corner of the world. When the rivers flow into Indonesia through
South Asia, the water has become turbid, so that the recieved Islamic teaching has
also mixed with the Indian previous traditions (Hinduism-Buddhism).1
In this case, South Asian strip marks an important field to be employed in the
discussion. The synchretic association of Indonesian Islam has often been considered
as the legacy of its fountain in South Asia. In general, there are two major theories in
South Asian connection in the course of the Islamization of the Archipelago; the
theory which states that Islam came to Indonesia from Gujarat and (2) the theory
arguing that Islam was formally first entered Indonesia through Bengal or Bangla
(Modern-Bangladesh and its surrounding areas).
On the matter, the central purpose of this paper is to unravel the tangled
regarding these theories. Rather than choosing and justifying one of the two, this
paper seeks to reconcile both theories to produce an appropriate conclusion
concerning the South Asian connection in the course of the Islamization of Indonesia.
B. Connections Before the Islamic Phase
In the course of religion, both regions have strong emotional ties. The
establishment of the relationship began with the spread of Hindu-Buddhism from
India (including from Great Bengal), to the Archipelago. When the South Asia
people first came to the archipelago, Indonesia and its surroundings began to enter a
new phase; the historical phase of King Aji Saka who came from India and
established the first Hindu kingdom in Java. This can be proven through a cultural
heritage that still exists up to present day, namely; ―tahun saka‖ (the saka year)
which in the Western calendar began in 78 CE. Since then, all the kings of Java,
including the Old Mataram and Majapahit, applied the calendar system even until
they ordered their subjects live to be governed by Muslim time.2
It should be noted that the relationship between South Asia and the archipelago
was intimately established after the big exodus of Buddhists who came to the
archipelago due to the inter-religious violence. Uniquely, after reaching the
archipelago, the Hindus-Buddhists live side by side with intimate. This is because of
geographical location of Indonesia that is very strategic, the influence of conducive
climate, and the accommodative philosophy of the state.3
1
This source is affirmed in Hamka's notes on Snouck Hurgrunje‘s opinion as follows. "Islam in Indonesia is not
authentic [directly] from Mecca, but merely an Indian influence instead of the original Islam ... after it has changed, it
comes to our homeland". See Committee of the Seminar on the History of the advent of Islam to Indonesia, Seminar's
Proceeding: History of the Advent of Islam to Indonesia (Medan: 1963), p. 76 and Hamka, Sejarah Islam, part IV
(Jakarta: Bulan-Bintang, 1961).
2
Jean G. Taylor, Indonesia; People and Histories (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003), p. 30.
3
Hence, this phenomenon then became one of the greatest contribution to the moral foundations of Indonesian.
See M. Abdul Karim, Islam Nusantara (Yogyakarta: Penerbit Pustaka, 2007), p. 142-243.
54
It is worthy of attention that during Dharma Pal reign (778-810 CE) in the Great
Bengal, the interfaith cooperation is very harmonious between two regions. The 7-
12th century is one of the golden age of Buddhist power in Indian subcontinent
marked by the rising of Pala Empire which originated from Bengal. One of the
representative ruler is Mahat Inggot Candayat popularly known as Dharma Pal
(Pala). With the capital, Kanyakubja (near Allahabad in central India today), he ruled
all of of India at that time except Sind and Panjab. At that time, Nalanda is one of the
centers of Buddhist educational institution in Asia, while in Kalasan area, Prambanan
was also regarded as one of the center for education in East and Southeast Asia. As a
proof, Kalasan temple (700 Saka/778 CE) still stands upright until recent time, in
addition to Borobudur Temple (823 CE), as well as the Hindu Temple Prambanan.
All of these temples are reminiscent of the golden age of the inter-religious harmony
in the archipelago.
At that time, the relationship between Bangla Kings and Southeast Asia was well
established. In the year of 860 CE, King Balaputra Dewa (from Sriwijaya Kingdom,
Sumatra) sent an ambassador to The King of Bangla, whose territory covered all of
India at that time, except Sind and Punjab, with the capital in Kanyakubja (near
Allahabad). The purpose of sending the ambassador is to seek permission from the
King of Bangla, to establish a bihara/asram (dormitory) for students from
Swarnabhumi (Sumatra) and Swarnadwipa (Java), those who study Buddhism at
Nalanda University, located in modern East India (between Nepal and Bangladesh).4
The relationship between two region inextricably linked with the eastern route of
trade, covering South Asia, the backside of India (Indonesian archipelago and its
surroundings), and the southern coast of China. In addition to these areas, the trade
route is also connected directly to the Arab world, East Africa, the Mediterranean
Sea, even it also connected to Europe and enlivened by traders from these areas.
After the change of Arabic political constellation, which marked by the
revelation of Islamic teachings to the Prophet Muhammad pbuh., Islam was
successfully spread and accepted by many regions over the globe. The Arab tribes,
areas in the East such as; Iran, the Indian subcontinent, Indonesia, and even China,
have been affected by the spread of Islamic teachings in their respective regions.
C. Gujarat Theories
Marcopolo notes:
―In the [kingdom] Perlak, Muslim traders (Saracen Marchants) are often seen
appearing. They had Islamized the natives in the city. At that time, the mountain
people lived like animal life, they ate human flesh like animal meat eaten by other
animals, dirty or clean not a problem, most importantly they liked it. The most
important thing is that they worship the sun.‖5
4
Prijohutomo, Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia, Jilid II (Jakarta: J. B. Wolters , 1953), p. 100-101.
5
Grosset & Dunlap, The Travels of Marcopolo (New York: n.d.), p. 249 – 250
55
According to a report written by Cheng Ho, a Chinese admiral, in 1413 CE (15th
century CE), there were already well-dressed Muslims in the north coast of Java,
sailors (some of whom have embraced Islam in clean clothes as well, while non-
believers looks dirty and rotten).6 It was later mentioned that in 1400 CE, it was
recorded the name of ―Mukamad Sakendar Shah‖ (Arabic name according to
Javanese sayings), as the son of the king of Parameswara who was declared as the
ruler of Blambangan (East Java). With that name, it appears that he has embraced
Islam.7
Meanwhile in Sumatra, there has been an Islamic Kingdom called Peureulak
(Perlak), as a center for the Islamic patron in the Port of North Sumatra. Historians
explain that the advent of Islam to the Peureulak (Perlak) and the northern coasts of
Java, occurs through the process of mission sacré, that is the process of preaching by
the attitude (bil hal), brought by the muballigh or da'i who also became a trader.8
The process was initially carried out individually. They performed the
obligations of Islamic shari'a by using clean clothes and maintaining the cleanliness
of the body, clothing, home, and houses of worship.9 In the social life, they show a
simple attitude, with good speech and polite, in accordance with the demands of al-
akhlaq al-karimah, honest, helpful, especially in participating to give the treatment to
the sick.10 They teach good living, maintenance of cleanliness, respect, helpful,
community life, love, nature of plants and animals, understanding the meaning of the
surroundings, performing obligations to be done for the sake of the Creator of the
universe, doing good deeds, avoiding evil, so that they may enjoy the happiness in
the eternal realm of life in the Hereafter (akhirat).
It can be said that these moments, the term gotong-royong has become ingrained
among Indonesian people. Such attitude becomes an attraction for the indigenous
population who, at that time, embraced the Hindu/Buddhist reigion. They were
attracted to the Muslim personality, so they saw the light of faith in the Muslims
which attracted them to Islam.11 Thus, the rulers assess the teachings of Islam does
not disrupt the stability of government, but even strengthen the government and the
unity of it.
Several hisorians say that in 1400 CE, in the countdown to the fall of Majapahit
Empire, there were many musims to be found in the northern coast of Java Island. 12
6
Thomas W. Arnold, The Preaching of Islam: A History of Muslim Propagation of The Muslim Faith (Lahore:
Sh. Muhammad Ashraf, 1968), p. 383 and Hamka, Sejarah, p. 684.
7
Ricklef, Sejarah Indonesia Modern, terj. Dharmono Hardjowijono (Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press,
1983), p. 28.
8
Sayed Alwi B. Tahir al-Haddad, Sejarah Perkembangan Islam di Timur Jauh, trans. Dziya Shahab (Jakarta: al-
Maktabah Addaimi, 1957), p. 112–114 and Commitee of the Seminar on the History of the advent of Islam to
Indonesia, Seminar's Proceeding, p. 147.
9
Arnold, The Preaching of Islam: A History of Muslim Propagation of The Muslim Faith (Lahore: Sh.
Muhammad Ashraf, 1968) p. 383, Grosset and Dunlap, The Travels, p. 249-250, and Hamka, Sejarah, p. 684.
10
Azra, Jaringan Ulama Timur Tengah dan Kepulauan Nusantara Abad XVII dan XVIII (Bandung: Mizan,
1994), p. 33 dan Karim, Islam Nusantara, p. 44-46.
11
Karim, Islam Nusantara, p. 44-46.
12
Aboebakar, Sejarah Hidup K. H. A. Wahid Hasyim dan Karangan Tersiar (Jakarta: Panitia Buku Peringatan
Alm. KH A. Wahid Hasyim, 1957), p. 25, and Sejarah al-Qur‟an (Jakarta: Sinar Pujangga, ed. III, 1952), p 279, H. J.
Van den Berg, Dari Panggung Peristiwa Sejarah Dunia, Vol.I, trans. Koeskamp, I. P. Simandjoentak (Jakarta: J. B.
Walters, 1951), p. 382.
56
There is also an important artifact in the gravestone of Maulana Maghribi (Malik
Ibrahim), namely a number indicating the year of his death which is 1419 CE. This
reinforces the opinion that in previous years he has been active in spreading Islam in
norhern coast of East Java.13
Thus, one can concludes that Islam has spread in Sumatra and the north coast of
Java by the end of the 13th, in the sense of spreading by social groups, whereas the
individual da‟wa are expected to take place since the 7th CE.14 By 15th century,
Qur'anic lessons can be heard in surau (small mosque) with Islamic religious lessons,
including aqa‟id (Islamic theology), fiqh (Islamic Yurisprudency), and akhlaq
(moral) which shows that the moral teachings of Islam has been given from the early
age.15 The spread of Islam since the 13th century was carried out by traders who
came from the coast of Malabar16 and Karamandel. This lead one to conclude that
Islam brought by the traders is Islam that has been spread over these coasts. In Java,
especially the north coast, madrasah leaders and Islamic missionary movements are
known as wali.17 The famous association is the wali songo (nine saints), each of
whom is called sunan.
D. Bangla Theory
Historians such as Pijnappel, Snouck Hurgronje, Moquette, and Fatimi, have
proposed Gujarat & Bangla theory in the course of Islamization of the archipelago.
Pijnappel, for example, argues with the similarity of madhhab (Shafi'i) with Arabs
who settled in Gujarat and Malabar. Hence, the Islamization occurred in the
archipelago by the Arabs, but not coming directly from Arabia, it carried out from
Gujarat and Malabar.18
Snouck Hurgrunje argued that Islamic Archipelago is not originaed from the
Arab, due to inadequate data and facts that mention the role of Arabs in spreading
Islam to the archipelago. In contrast, the archipelago has long established trade
relations with South Asia regions.19 In this case, Moquette argues that there is a
parallel-style between gravestone of Pasai (present-day North Aceh) especially that
dated 17 Dzulhijjah 831 H/27 September 1428 CE and Maulana Malik Ibrahim‘s
tomb (822 H/1419 CE) in Gresik (East Java), with tombstones in Cambay, Gujarat
(now Ahmadabad), which came from the 15th century and beyond.20
13
Commitee of the Seminar on the History of the advent of Islam to Indonesia, Seminar's Proceeding, p. 110,
Berg, Dari Panggung Peristiwa, p. 382, Mukti Ali, The Spread of Islam in Indonesia (Yogyakarta: Yayasan ―Nida‖,
1970), p. 11–12, and Thomas Arnold, The Preaching, p. 383.
14
H. J. van den. Berg, Dari Panggung Peristiwa, p. 382, Aboebakar, Sejarah, p. 279, and Commitee of the
Seminar on the History of the advent of Islam to Indonesia, Seminar's Proceeding, p. 265.
15
Aboebakar, Sejarah, p. 279 – 285.
16
Ibid. dan A. Mukti Ali, The Spread of Islam, p. 7.
17
The term wali given to all these figures, is derived from the Arabic word wali, (saint), Ricklefs, Sejarah
Indonesia, p. 13. It is a summary of the word waliyullah; those who are considered close to God, and those who have
various kinds of karamah.
18
Azyumardi Azra, Islam Nusantara: Jaringan Global dan Lokal (Bandung: Mizan, 2002), p. 23-24.
19
Ibid. p. 24.
20
G. W. J. Drewes, ―Pemahaman Baru tentang Kedatangan Islam di Indonesia‖ dalam Mundzirin Yusuf (ed.),
dkk., Sejarah Peradaban Islam di Indonesia (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Book Publishers, 2006) p. 36.
57
Nevertheless, Maquette's opinion was refused by Fatimi on the grounds that
Gujarat became the territory of the Sultanate of Delhi (conquered) in 1298-1305 CE
by Sultan Alauddin Khalji 1296-1316 CE., over a century earlier, there was the
Sultanate of Bangla/Pala Empire (1194 CE). Likewise, Hurgrunje states: Islam has a
strong influence in the southern Indian cities (including Chittagong), many of the
Dhaka Muslims there, were the first to propagate Islam to the archipelago. 21 In
addition, Marrison argues as follows:
Although some tombstones in certain parts of the archipelago may have
originated from Gujarat, it does not mean that Islam originated from there.
Marrison states that during the first muslim died 698 AH / 1297 AD, Gujarat was
a Hindu kingdom which still a hard one to be conquered, and a small portion of
Cambay territory was controlled by Muslims in 699 AH / 1298 CE ".22
Deriving from the Malay History and Hikayat of Kings of Pasai, Tome 'Pires,
author of the Suma Oriental noted; "Merah Silau (al-Malik al-Saleh), the founder of
Samudra Pasai, comes from Bangla".23 Fatimi reinforces Tome Pires opinion by
stating that the Islamic Sultanate of Bangla began in 1194 CE,24 more than a century
from the establishment Islamic Kingdom of South India and Gujarat. Fatimi also
noted as follows:
In Quilon [Kulon,/Qulam Mali, located at the southern tip of the Malabar coast],
an [international] multilateral meeting was attended by two representatives of the
government of China and the Samudera [Pasai], Hasan and Sulayman. Their title
is Ta-kur in Chinese, takur in Bangla [derived from Sanskrit: tahkkur] is thakur,
meaning god, deity, and also the title of the Brahmins.25
According to the author, the geographical location of Bay of Bengal was

strongly supported the occurrence of Islamization to Indonesia on a large and formal
basis from Bangla. This is due to the waves' tranquility in Bay of Bangla. It is not
possible to sail for 12 months, unlike the port of Aden-Malabar, where the waves are
not as fierce with waves in Bangla and they can sail directly throughout the year. On
the contrary, from Tanjung Komorin (strait between India and Sri Lanka) to the
Malacca Strait, it can only sail 6 months during the wind season is not too fierce, and
even then the voyage is too brave, then the traders from the coast of Malabar pass
through Karamandel (Bangla) throughout the year. Their courage led to the
propagating Islam in Indonesia through Bangla in a formal way.
In addition, the island of Sumatra lies to the south of Bay of Bangla and since
ancient times (Hindu-Buddhism), there has been a good relationship with the
kingdoms in the archipelago and Bengal Kingdom. Besides, the word "Samudera
21
Ibid., p. 35.
22
Ibid., p. 37.
23
S. Q. Fatimi, Islam Comes to Malaysia. Singapore: Malaysian Sociological Research Institute LTD, 1963), p.
12.
24
C. Mabel Duff, The Cronology of India From the Earliest Times to The Beginning of The Sixteen Century
(London: Archibald Constable & CO, 1899), p. 313.
25
Fatimi, Islam, p. 14.
58
Pasai" is allegedly derived from Bangla: samudra: Ocean and pase: the "edge" (the
language of eastern Asian community including Bangladesh). Qadri also recorded
from the Hikayat Raja-Raja Pasai; When Ibn Batuta came to Aceh in 1345 CE, on a
long trip back to Bangla-China, he stopped at Samudra Pasai, North Aceh, so it was
first mentioned; Name "Sumatra", gradually, "Samudra" turned into "Sumatra". The
sultanate of Atjeh then called the "State of Sumatra", then the whole island of
Andalas changed its name to the island of Sumatra, formerly known as Sawarna
Bumi: the golden land.26
E. Conclusion
The early Islamic path originated from Bangla, although some tombstones in
certain parts of the archipelago may have originated from Gujarat after al-Malik al-
Saleh's death and it does not mean that Islam was originated there. As long as Sultan
al-Malik al-Saleh lived until his death in 698 AH / 1297 AD, Gujarat was a strong
Hindu kingdom and and still difficulted to be conquered. Either through Bangla or
Gujarat, the advent of Islam in Indonesia is a process of pénétration pacifique. The
spread of Islam in this archipelago was not based on power impulse at its first place,
but the spread of Islam took place in an evolutive and gradual manner.
Bibliography
Ali, Mukti. The Spread of Islam in Indonesia (Yogyakarta: Yayasan ―Nida‖, 1970.
Arnold, Thomas W. The Preaching of Islam: A History of Muslim Propagation of The

Muslim Faith. Lahore: Sh. Muhammad Ashraf, 1968.
Atjeh, Aboebakar. Sejarah al-Qur‟an. Jakarta: Sinar Pujangga, ed. III, 1952.
---------------. Sejarah Hidup K. H. A. Wahid Hasyim dan Karangan Tersiar. Jakarta:

Panitia Buku Peringatan Alm. KH A. Wahid Hasyim, 1957.
Azra, Azyumardi. Islam Nusantara: Jaringan Global dan Lokal. Bandung: Mizan, 2002.
---------------. Jaringan Ulama Timur Tengah dan Kepulauan Nusantara Abad XVII dan
XVIII. Bandung: Mizan, 1994.
Committee of the Seminar on the History of the advent of Islam to Indonesia. Seminar's
Proceeding: History of the Advent of Islam to Indonesia. Medan: 1963.
26
Noor Ahmad Qadri. Tarikh –e- Tamaddun –e- Indonesia, Jilid 1 (Karachi: Information Section, KBRI Pakistan,
1956), p. 373-374.
59
Drewes, G. W. J. ―Pemahaman Baru tentang Kedatangan Islam di Indonesia‖ dalam
Mundzirin Yusuf (ed.), dkk., Sejarah Peradaban Islam di Indonesia. Yogyakarta:
Pustaka Book Publishers, 2006.
Duff, C. Mabel. The Cronology of India From the Earliest Times to The Beginning of The
Sixteen Century. London: Archibald Constable & CO, 1899.
Fatimi, S. Q. Islam Comes to Malaysia. Singapore: Malaysian Sociological Research

Institute LTD, 1963.
Grosset & Dunlap, The Travels of Marcopolo. New York: n.d.
al-Haddad, Sayed Alwi B. Tahir. Sejarah Perkembangan Islam di Timur Jauh, trans.
Dziya Shahab. Jakarta: al-Maktabah Addaimi, 1957.
Hamka. Sejarah Islam, part IV. Jakarta: Bulan-Bintang, 1961.
Karim, M. Abdul. Islam Nusantara. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Pustaka, 2007.
Prijohutomo, Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia, Jilid II. Jakarta: J. B. Wolters, 1953.

Qadri, Noor Ahmad. Tarikh-e Tamaddun-e Indonesia, Jilid 1. Karachi: Information
Section, KBRI Pakistan, 1956.
Ricklef, M.C. Sejarah Indonesia Modern, terj. Dharmono Hardjowijono. Yogyakarta:

Gadjah Mada University Press, 1983.
Taylor, Jean G. Indonesia; People and Histories. New Haven: Yale University Press,
2003.
Van den Berg, H. J. Dari Panggung Peristiwa Sejarah Dunia, Vol. I, trans. Koeskamp, I.
P. Simandjoentak. Jakarta: J. B. Walters, 1951.
EXERCISE
1. How did Islam spread in Indonesia? Describe

2. What is the difference between Gujarat Theories and Bangla Theories?
3. Why is Islam accepted in Indonesia easily?
LISTENING
1. What will happen if the woman doesn't pay her tuition by the due date?
A. She'll have to pay a significant late fee.
60
B. She'll be required to register again for school.
C. She'll need to wait a semester to take classes.
2. What is the woman planning to take with her to school from home?
A. some food
B. warm clothing
C. her game system
3. Based on her major, where will she most likely work?

A. at a bank
B. for a school
C. in a national park
4. The father suggests a specific major based on the possibility of _______________.

A. earning a decent living
B. traveling to different countries
C. moving up in the company
5. The man is surprised by the fact that his daughter _______________________.

A. already has a part-time job at school
B. has earned a scholarship for the first year
C. is involved in a serious relationship
The Universe in Islam (Miracle of the Quran)

Task: Resume
LANGUAGE FOCUS
THE PASSIVE VOICE

Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.
1. I can answer the question. - -------------------------------------
2. She would carry the box. - -------------------------------------
3. You should open the window. - -----------------------------------
4. We might play cards. - -----------------------------------------
5. You ought to wash the car. - -----------------------------------------
6. He must fill in the form. - ------------------------------------------
61
7. They need not buy bread. - -------------------------------------------
8. He could not read the sentence. - ------------------------------------------
9. Will the teacher test our English? - -------------------------------------------
10. Could Jenny lock the door? - ----------------------------------------------
Change the following active sentences into passive voice.

1. I did not beat her.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. I will never forget this experience.------------------------------------------------------------
3. Mother made a cake yesterday.----------------------------------------------------------------
4. The boy teased the girl.-------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Did she do her duty?----------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. The tiger was chasing the deer.----------------------------------------------------------------
7. She has written a novel.-------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. She has learned her lessons.--------------------------------------------------------------------
9. Have you finished the report?------------------------------------------------------------------
10. The police have caught the thief.-------------------------------------------------------------
11. My brother has completed the work.---------------------------------------------------------
12. Somebody stole my pen yesterday.-----------------------------------------------------------
13. Our team may win the match.-----------------------------------------------------------------
14. Nurses look after patients.---------------------------------------------------------------------
WRITING ACTIVITY
Write a scientific paragraph by describing your next research proposal!
SPEAKING PRACTICE
Present your idea of research proposal in front of the class!
62
TOEFL-LIKE SIMULATION TEST
A. LISTENING COMPREHENSION
1. What time is the bus leaving?
A. 9:00
B. 9:15
C. 9:50
D. 9.30
2. When was the Golden Pavilion built?
A. in 1397
B. in 1379
C. in 1339
D. in 1393
3. What is Ryoanji Temple famous for?
A. its trees
B. its stone walls
C. its rock garden
D. its grass
4. What does the guide NOT say about Gion?
A. There are different shops to see.
B. Tourists should visit the theaters.
C. Gion is representative of traditional Kyoto.
D. One hour to look around
5. How much time will visitors have to tour the castle?
A. 45 minutes
B. 60 minutes
C. 90 minutes
C. 30 minutes
6. This presentation was most likely part of which type of recording?
A. a TV weather program on seasonal changes
B. an informal discussion between friends
63
C. an academic speech at school
C. podcast
7. Based on what you heard, how would you characterize the winter season?
A. January receives about 30 inches in snow.
B. Winter temperatures hover below freezing for the 3-month period.
C. Outdoor activities tend to be popular during this season.
D. Snow is only exist in northern pole in January
8. Which statement is NOT true about the spring?
A. Spring usually begins at the end of March.
B. Plentiful wind currents make some outdoors activities possible.
C. Nighttime temperatures dip below 50 degrees.
D. Spring usually arrives in late March
9. What is the summer season like in this area?
A. mild and breezy
B. hot and dry
C. warm and humid
D. hot and moist
10. What is one activity people like to do in the fall?
A. go and see the fall colors
B. clean their houses
C. have a fall picnic
D. doing nothing
11. Who is probably making the announcement?
A. a pilot
B. a flight attendant
C. a ticket agent
D. a ground crew member
12. What is the ultimate destination of the flight?
A. Atlanta
B. Miami
C. Caracas
D. Lima
13. What change has been announced?
64
A. the flight number
B. the gate number
C. the arrival time
D. the boarding time
14. What are the current weather conditions outside?
A. It's raining.
B. It's cloudy.
C. It's hailing.
D. It's windy.
15. What time will the plane depart?
A. 9:50 AM
B. 12:15 PM
C. 4:05 PM
D. 8:45 PM
16. Who is the developer of the program, Adsense?
A. a major search engine
B. a marketing sales company
C. a money funding institution
D. a machine vendor
17. Website owners can make money with Adsense by:
A. promoting the ad service to other companies.
B. placing ads for other companies on their site.
C. selling their products through this online ad store.
D. exchanging the cheaper services
18. How are the ads distributed?
A. in email or mailing lists
B. through online news groups
C. on Websites
D. blogging services
19. Which point about Adsense was NOT addressed in the news report?
A. You can tailor the look and feel of the ads to suit your needs.
B. You are paid based on the number of times people click on the ad.
C. You can see how your account is doing by viewing statistics online.
65
D. You can joint the program freely.
20. What should you do before you sign up for an account?
A. Read the Terms of Service.
B. Check your Website ranking.
C. Determine if Adsense is cost effective for you.
D. Insert identity card copy
21. According the mini lecture, which situation was NOT mentioned as an example
for reconstructive surgery?
A. A young child is severely burned in a house fire.
B. A woman isn't satisfied with the shape of her stomach.
C. A man lost part of his ear in a boating accident.
22. What other effects do physical deformities have on the individual who bears
them?
A. a lack of self-worth
B. inability to find work
C. fewer educational opportunities
23. What other services do volunteers provide to the country where they perform
reconstructive surgery?
A. fund-raising activities
B. physical therapy
C. local health care training
24. How does this volunteer work benefit the providers of such surgical procedures?
A. These experiences give doctors and nurses valuable in-field training
opportunities.
B. Volunteers establish connections for future medical research.
C. Health care workers develop deeper understanding of the sufferings of others.
25. What is one way everyday people can help such causes?
A. educate themselves on the issues
B. make financial contributions
C. adopt unwanted children
26. Where is the news reporter, Stan Fielding, in the city?
A. at a military facility
B. in the suburbs
66
C. in the downtown area
27. How long has the civil war been going on for?
A. almost one year
B. just over a year
C. a year and a half
28. About what time of day is this news report taking place?
A. in the early afternoon
B. in the late evening
C. in the middle of the night
29. What is the main target of the rebels in this latest attack?
A. the current location of city leaders
B. military stockpiles of ammunition
C. the main lines of transportation
30. Which is NOT a major problem as a result of the war so far?
A. infectious disease
B. lack of drinking water and food
C. insufficient housing
31. This race took place __________.
A. on city streets
B. by the lake
C. on mountain trails
32. What did Randall and Shirley do during the race?
A. They listened to music.
B. They enjoyed talking together.
C. They took pictures of the scenery.
33. Randall fell during the race when he ____________.
A. tripped on a rock
B. tried to pass another runner
C. dropped his water bottle
34. Which statement is true about the story?
A. Randall lost his watch, and he could never find it.
B. Randall won second place in his age group.
C. Randall finished after his wife and son.
67
35. According to Randall, what is the lesson we can from this type of experience?
A. Challenges in life can make us stronger.
B. You should always carry an extra watch with you.
C. Running in races can improve your physical strength.
36. What type of solar eclipse occurred on December 25, 2000?
A. annular
B. total
C. partial
37. What made this eclipse so unique?
A. its location for viewing in the world
B. its timing on the calendar
C. its movement across the sky
38. Who is the most likely audience for this news report?
A. intermediate skywatchers
B. novice observers
C. avid astronomers
39. Which statement was NOT mentioned about viewing an eclipse?
A. Sunglasses block out only a limited amount of the sun's ultraviolet rays that
can damage the eye.
B. Sunglasses can only filter harmful rays during total solar eclipses at their
greatest magnitude.
C. Sunglasses tend to cause the center of the eye to enlarge allowing in more
intense light.
40. What is one fact we do not learn from the final commentary of the video?
A. the date of an upcoming solar eclipse
B. where the next Christmas eclipse will occur
C. how to record an eclipse for your posterity
B. ERROR RECOGNITION
41 Rocks can be broken apart by water that seeps into the cracks and freeze in low
temperatures.
A. broken apart
B. that
68
C. freeze
D. temperatures
42. Columbus, Ohio, the capital of the state, are not only the largest city in Ohio but
also a typical metropolitan area, often used in market research.
A. are
B. the largest
C. but also
D. used
43. Although maple trees are among the most colorful varieties in the fall, they lose
its leaves sooner than oak trees.
A. among
B. in the fall
C. its
D. sooner than
44. The teacher told the students to don't discuss the take-home exam with each
other.
A. told
B. to don't
C. discuss
D. with each other
45. Because she didn't like shop very much, she did most of it with her personal
computer.
A. Because
B. shop
C. did
D. with
46. Knowledges about cultures provides insights into the learned behaviors of
groups.
A. Knowledges
B. insights into
C. learned
D. behaviors
47. Some people think that the desire to wear sunglasses are more a need to impress
69
than to protect the eyes.
A. that
B. are
C. than to
D. the
48. Those of us who have a family history of heart disease should make yearly
appointments with their doctors.
A. who
B. should make
C. yearly
D. their
49. If Robert Kennedy would have lived a little longer, he probably would have won
the election.
A. would have lived
B. a little longer
C. probably
D. won
50 Excavations in several mounds and villages on the east bank of the Euphrates
River have revealed the city of Nebuchadnezzar, an ancient community that had
been laying under later reconstructions of the city of Babylon.
A. on the east bank
B. have revealed
C. had been laying
D. later
51. Aluminum has a hard imperious coasting which protects the metal from corrode.
A. has
B. hard
C. imperious
D. corrode
52. After learned to print, elementary school children learn cursive writing.
A. learned
B. elementary
C. children
70
D. writing
53. Studies of job satisfaction are unreliable because there is so many variables and
because the admission of dissatisfaction may be viewed as a personal failure.
A. is
B. many
C. because
D. may be viewed
54. Computers have made access to information instantly available just by push a
few buttons.
A. have
B. access
C. instantly available
D. by push
55. Latex rubber is made from a milky substantial in plants and trees of the sapodilla
family.
A. made from
B. milky
C. substantial
D. trees of
56. Fishing have been found to contain a particular type of fat that may help lower
blood cholesterol levels.
A. Fishing
B. to contain
C. that
D. levels
57. When caterpillars are fully-grown, they attach themselves to a leave or twig and
form a shell around itself called a cocoon.
A. are fully-grown
B. to a leave or twig
C. around itself
D. called
58 In experiments with large numbers of animals crowded in small cages, some have
not been affected, but the rest of have shown all of the symptoms associated with
71
stress and mental illness.
A. large numbers
B. the rest of
C. have shown
D. all of the symptoms
59. The athlete, together with his coach and several relatives, are traveling to the
Olympic Games.
A. athlete
B. with
C. his coach
D. are
60. Luther Burbank earned the funds to go west by sale his new ideas about growing
potatoes.
A. the funds
B. go west
C. sale
D. about
61. Before television became so popular, Americans used to entertain each other in
the evening by playing games, saying stories, and singing songs.
A. so popular
B. to entertain
C. each other
D. saying
62. The professor had already given the homework assignment when he had
remembered that Monday was a holiday.
A. the homework assignment
B. had remembered
C. Monday
D. was
63. Akuce Ganuktibm, she spent her life working with the health and welfare of the
families of workers.
A. she
B. her life
72
C. welfare
D. the
64. It is extremely important for an engineer to know to use a computer.
A. It is
B. extremely
C. for
D. to know
65. The master of ceremonies announced in a loud and clear voice and told that the
dinner would be late due to unforseen circumstances.
A. of ceremonies
B. and told
C. would be
D. due to
66. Narcissus, a character in mythology, gazed at his own image in a pool so ardently
that he fell into itself and downed.
A. a character in mythology
B. his own
C. that
D. into itself
67. The professor was considering postponing the examination until the following
week because the student's confusion.
A. considering
B. postponing
C. the following week
D. because
68. Sinaitic is the name of an alphabet which developed their symbols from Egyptian
hieroglyphics.
A. Sinaitic
B. which developed
C. their
D. symbols
69. The native people in the Americas were referred to as Indians because, according
to the believe at the time, Christopher Columbus had reached the East Indies.
73
A. referred to
B. according to
C. believe
D. had reached
70. After to have won the light-heavyweight title at the 1960 Olympic Games,
Muhammad Ali began to box professionally.
A. to have
B. at the
C. began
D. professionally
71. There are many different ways of comparing the economy of one nation with
those of another.
A. There are
B. of comparing
C. those
D. another
72. He said he must come to the party if he finishes his assignment for next week's
seminar.
A. must come
B. finishes
C. for
D. week's
73. The basic law of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are taught to
all elementary school students.
A. law
B. division
C. taught
D. school
74. Sandra has not rarely missed a play or concert since she was seventeen years old.
A. not rarely
B. a play
C. since
D. seventeen years ol
74
75 The need for a well-rounded education was an idea espoused by the Greeks in
time of Socrates.
A. for
B. well-rounded education
C. espoused
D. in time of
76. To assure the safety of those workers who must handle radioactive material, the
employer should not leave them enter contaminated areas without protective
clothing.
A. To assure
B. who
C. leave
D. enter
77. The religion attempts to clarify man's relationship with a superhuman power.
A. The religion
B. to clarify
C. man's
D. superhuman power
78. In 1975, according to the National Center for Health Statistics, the average life
expectancy for people born during that year is 72.4 years.
A. according to
B. born
C. during
D. is
79. Many of the famous advertising offices are located in Madison Avenue.
A. Many
B. advertising
C. located
D. in
80. When he took the ticket out of from his pocket, a hundred dollar bill fell to the
floor without his noticing it.
A. the
B. from his pocket
75
C. to
D. without
C. READING COMPREHENSION
Passage For Question 81 to 89
"Most economists in the United states seem captivated by spell of the free market.
Consequently, nothing seems good ornormal that does not accord with the requirements
of the free market. A price that is determined by the seller or for that matter, established
by anyone other than the aggregate of consumers seems pernicious, Accordingly, it
requires a major act of will to think of price – fixing (the determination of prices by the
seller) as both ―normal‖ and having a valuable economic function. In fact, price-fixing is
normal in all industrialized societies because the industrial system itself provides, as an
effortless consequence of its own development, the price-fixing that requires, Modern
industrial planning requires and rewards great size. Hence a comparatively small number
of large firms will be competing for the same group of consumers.
That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid
selling its products for more than its competitors charge is commonly recognized by
advocates of free-markets economic theories. But each large firms will also act with full
consideration of the needs that it has in common with the other large firms competing for
the same customers. Each large firm will thus avoid significant price cutting, because
price cutting would be prejudicial to the common interest in a stable demand for products.
Most economists do not see price-fixing when it occurs because they expect it to be
brought about by a number of explicit agreements among large firms; it is not. More over
those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference
is the most efficient method of establishing prices have not considered the economies of
non socialist countries other than the United States.
These economies employ intentional price-fixing usually in an overt fashion.
Formal price fixing by cartel and informal price fixing by agreements covering the
members of an industry are common place. Were there something peculiarly efficient
about the free market and inefficient about price fixing, the countries that have avoided
the first and used the second would have suffered drastically in their economic
development. There is no indication that they have. Socialist industry also works within a
frame work of controlled prices. In early 1970‘s, the soviet union began to give firms and
industries some of the flexibility in adjusting prices that a more informal evolution has
76
accorded the capitalist system. Economists in the United States have hailed the change as
a return to the free market.But Soviet firms are no more subject to prices established by
free market over which they exercise little influenced than are capitalist firms.
81. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. refute the theory that the free market plays a useful role in the development
of industrialized societies.
B. suggest methods by which economist and members of the government of the
United States can recognize and combat price-fixing by large firms.
C. explain the various ways in which industrialized societies can fix in order to
stabilized the free market
D. argue that price-fixing, in one form or another, is an inevitable part of and
benefit to the economy of any industrialized society.
E. Analysis of free markets in different economies
82. The passage provides information that would answer which of the following
questions about price-fixing?
I.What are some of the ways in which prices can be fixed?
II.For what products is price-fixing likely to be more profitable than the operation
of the free market?
III.Is price-fixing more common in socialist industrialized societies or in
nonsocialist industrialized societies?
A. I only
B. III only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only
E. I, II and III
83. The author‘s attitude toward ―Most economists in the United States‖ can best be
described as
A. spiteful and envious
B. scornful and denunciatory
C. critical and condescending
D. ambivalent but deferential
E. uncertain but interested
77
84. It can be inferred from the author‘s argument that a price fixed by the seller
―seems pernicious‖ because
A. people do not have confidence in large firms
B. people do not expect the government to regulate prices
C. most economists believe that consumers as a group should determine prices.
D. most economists associate fixed prices with communist and socialist
economies.
E. Most economists believe that no one group should determine prices.
85. The suggestion in the passage that price-fixing in industrialized societies is
normal arises from the author‘s statement that price-fixing is
A. a profitable result of economic development
B. an inevitable result of the industrial system
C. the result of a number of carefully organized decisions.
D. a phenomenon common to industrialized and to industrialized societies.
E. a phenomenon best achieved cooperatively by government and industry.
86. According to the author, priced-fixing in nonsocialist countries is often.
A. accidental but productive
B. illegal but useful
C. legal and innovative
D. traditional and rigid
E. intentional and widespread.
87. According to the author, what is the result of the Soviet Union‘s change in
economic policy in the 1970‘s?
A. Soviet firms show greater profit
B. Soviet firms have less control over the free market
C. Soviet firms are able to abject to technological advances.
D. Soviet firms have some authority to fix prices.
E. Soviet firms are more responsive to the free market.
88. With which of the following statements regarding the behavior of large firms in
industrialized societies would the author be most likely to agree.
A. The directors of large firms will continue to anticipate the demand for
products
B. The directors of large firms are less interested in achieving a predictable
78
level of profit tan in achieving a large profit.
C. The directors of large firms will strive to reduce the costs of their products.
D. Many directors of large firms believe that the government should establish
the prices that will be charged for products.
E. Many directors of large firms believe that the price charged for products is
likely to increase annually.
89. In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with
A. predicting the consequences of a practice
B. criticizing a point of view
C. calling attention to recent discoveries.
D. proposing a topic for research.
E. summarizing conflicting opinions.
Passage For Question 90 to 95:

The discoveries of the white dwarf, the neutron star, and the black hole, coming
well after the discovery of the red giant are among eh most exciting developments in
decades because they may be well present physicists with their greatest challenge since
thefailure of classical mechanics. In the life cycle of the star, after all of the hydrogen and
helium fuel has been burned, the delicate balance between the outer nuclear
radiation.pressure and the stable gravitational force becomes disturbed and slow
contraction begins. As compression increases, a very dense plasma forms. If the initial
star had mass of less than 1.4 solar masses (1.4 times the mass of our sun), the process
ceases at the density of 1,000 tons per cubic inch, and the star becomes the white dwarf.
However, if the star was originally more massive, the white dwarf plasma can‘t resist the
gravitations pressures, and in rapid collapse, all nuclei of lthe star are converted to a gas
of free neutrons. Gravitational attraction compresses this neutron gas rapidly until a
density of 10 tons per cubic inch is reached; at this point the strong nuclear force resists
further contraction. If the mass of the star was between 1.4 and a few solar masses, the
process stops here, and we have a neutron star. But if the original star was more massive
than a few solar masses, even the strong nuclear forces cannot resist the gravitational
orunch. The neutrons are forced into one another to form heavier hadrons and these in
turn coalesce to form heavier entities, of which we as yet know nothing. At this point, a
complete collapse of the stellar mass occurs; existing theories predict a collapse to infinite
density and infinitely small dimensions Well before this, however, the surface
79
gravitational force would become so strong that no signal could ever leave the star - any
photon emitted would fall back under gravitational attraction – and the star would become
black hole in space. This gravitational collapse poses a fundamental challenge to physics.
When the most widely accepted theories predict such improbable things as infinite
density and infinitely small dimensions, it simply means that we are missing some vital
insight. This last happened in physics in the 1930‘s, when we faced the fundamental
paradox concerning atomic structure. At that time, it was recognized that electrons moved
in table orbits about nuclei in atoms. However, it was also recognized that if charge is
accelerated, as it must be to remain in orbit, it radiates energy; so, theoretically, the
electron would be expected eventually to spiral into the nucleus and destroy the atom.
Studies centered around this paradox led to the development of quantum mechanics. It
may well be that an equivalent t advance awaits us in investigating the theoretical
problems presented by the phenomenon of gravitational collapse.
90. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. offer new explanations for the collapse of stars.
B. explain the origins of black holes, neutron stars, and white dwarfs.
C. compare the structure of atoms with the structure of the solar system.
D. explain how the collapse of stars challenges accepted theories of physics.
E. describe the imbalance between radiation pressure and gravitational force.
91. According to the passage, in the final stages of its devedlopment our own sun is
likely to take the form of a
A. white dwarf
B. neutron star
C. red giant
D. gas of free neutrons
E. black hole
92. According to the passage, an imbalance arises between nuclear radiation pressure
and gravitational force in stars because
A. the density of a star increases as it ages
B. radiation pressure increases as a star increases in mass
C. radiation pressure decreases when a star‘s fuel has been consumed
D. the collapse of a star increases its gravitational force.
E. a dense plasma decreases the star‘s gravitational force.
80
93. The author asserts that the discoveries of the white dwarf, the neutron star, and
the black hole are significant because these discoveries.
A. demonstrate the probability of infinite density and infinitely small
dimensions
B. pose the most comprehensive and fundamental problem faced by physicists
in decades
C. clarify the paradox suggested by the collapse of electrons into atomic nuclei.
D. establish the relationship between the mass and gravitational pressure.
E. assist in establishing the age of the universe by tracing the life histories of
stars.
94. The passage contains information that answers which of the following questions?
A. I only
B. III only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only
E. I, II and III
95. The author introduces the discussion of the paradox concerning atomic structures
in order to
A. Show why it was necessary to develop quantum mechanics
B. Compare the structure of an atom with the structure of star
C. Demonstrate by analogy that a vital insight in astrophysics is missing
D. Illustrate the contention that improbable things do happen in astrophysics
E. Argue that atoms can collapse if their electrons do not remain in orbit.
Passage For Question 96 to 105:

No student of a foreign language needs to be told that grammar is complex. By
changing word sequences and by adding a range of auxiliary verbs and suffixes, we are
able to communicate tiny variations in meaning. We can turn a statement into a question,
state whether an action has taken place or is soon to take place, and perform many other
word tricks to convey subtle differences in meaning. Nor is this complexity inherent to
the English language. All languages, even those of so-called 'primitive' tribes have clever
grammatical components. The Cherokee pronoun system, for example, can distinguish
between 'you and I', 'several other people and I' and 'you, another person and I'. In
English, all these meanings are summed up in the one, crude pronoun 'we'. Grammar is
81
universal and plays a part in every language, no matter how widespread it is. So the
question which has baffled many linguists is - who created grammar?
At first, it would appear that this question is impossible to answer. To find out
how grammar is created, someone needs to be present at the time of a language's creation,
documenting its emergence. Many historical linguists are able to trace modern complex
languages back to earlier languages, but in order to answer the question of how complex
languages are actually formed, the researcher needs to observe how languages are started
from scratch. Amazingly, however, this is possible.
Some of the most recent languages evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. At that
time, slaves from a number of different ethnicities were forced to work together under
colonizer's rule. Since they had no opportunity to learn each other's languages, they
developed a make-shift language called a pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied
from the language of the landowner. They have little in the way of grammar, and in
many cases it is difficult for a listener to deduce when an event happened, and who did
what to whom. [A] Speakers need to use circumlocution in order to make their meaning
understood. [B] Interestingly, however, all it takes for a pidgin to become a complex
language is for a group of children to be exposed to it at the time when they learn their
mother tongue. [C] Slave children did not simply copy the strings of words uttered by
their elders, they adapted their words to create a new, expressive language. [D] It
included standardised word orders and grammatical markers that existed in neither the
pidgin language, nor the language of the colonizers. Complex grammar systems which
emerge from pidgins are termed creoles, and they are invented by children.
Further evidence of this can be seen in studying sign languages for the deaf. Sign
languages are not simply a series of gestures; they utilise the same grammatical
machinery that is found in spoken languages. Moreover, there are many different
languages used worldwide. The creation of one such language was documented quite
recently in Nicaragua. Previously, all deaf people were isolated from each other, but in
1979 a new government introduced schools for the deaf. Although children were taught
speech and lip reading in the classroom, in the playgrounds they began to invent their
own sign system, using the gestures that they used at home. It was basically a
pidgin. Each child used the signs differently, and there was no consistent
grammar. However, children who joined the school later, when this inventive sign
system was already around, developed a quite different sign language. Although it was
based on the signs of the older children, the younger children's language was more fluid
82
and compact, and it utilised a large range of grammatical devices to clarify
meaning. What is more, all the children used the signs in the same way. A new creole
was born.
Some linguists believe that many of the world's most established languages were
creoles at first. The English past tense –ed ending may have evolved from the verb
'do'. 'It ended' may once have been 'It end-did'. Therefore it would appear that even the
most widespread languages were partly created by children. Children appear to have
innate grammatical machinery in their brains, which springs to life when they are first
trying to make sense of the world around them. Their minds can serve to create logical,
complex structures, even when there is no grammar present for them to copy.
96. In paragraph 1, why does the writer include information about the Cherokee
language?
A. To show how simple, traditional cultures can have complicated grammar
structures
B. To show how English grammar differs from Cherokee grammar
C. To prove that complex grammar structures were invented by the Cherokees.
D. To demonstrate how difficult it is to learn the Cherokee language
97. What can be inferred about the slaves' pidgin language?
A It contained complex grammar.
B It was based on many different languages.
C It was difficult to understand, even among slaves.
D It was created by the land-owners.
98. All the following sentences about Nicaraguan sign language are true EXCEPT:
A The language has been created since 1979.
B The language is based on speech and lip reading.
C The language incorporates signs which children used at home.
D The language was perfected by younger children.
99. In paragraph 3, where can the following sentence be placed?
It included standarddised word orders and grammatical markers that existed in
neither the pidgin language, nor the language of the colonizers.
A
B
C
83
D
100. ‗From scratch‘in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:
A from the very beginning
B in simple cultures
C by copying something else
D by using written information
101. ‗Make-shift‘ in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to:
A complicated and expressive
B simple and temporary
C extensive and diverse
D private and personal
102 Which sentence is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence?
―Grammar is universal and plays a part in every language, no matter how
widespread it is.
A. All languages, whether they are spoken by a few people or a lot of people,
contain grammar.
B. Some languages include a lot of grammar, whereas other languages contain a
little.
C. Languages which contain a lot of grammar are more common that languages
that contain a little
D. The grammar of all languages is the same, no matter where the languages
evolved.
103. All of the following are features of the new Nicaraguan sign language EXCEPT:
A All children used the same gestures to show meaning.
B The meaning was clearer than the previous sign language.
C The hand movements were smoother and smaller.
D New gestures were created for everyday objects and activities.
104 Which idea is presented in the final paragraph?
A English was probably once a creole.
B The English past tense system is inaccurate.
C Linguists have proven that English was created by children.
D Children say English past tenses differently from adults.
105 Look at the word ‗consistent ' in paragraph 4. This word could best be replaced
84
by which of the following?
A natural
B predictable
C imaginable
D uniform
Passage For Questions 106-110:
Global Political Islam

Peter Mandaville, an academic at George Mason University, USA, has been
working on "the reconstruction of the Muslim world as a consequence of Globalization."
His new book Global Political Islam is a comprehensive survey of the various movements
in different regions of the world for the social and political revival of Islam during the
twentieth century.
With a view to determine the nature of his work, the author specifically defines
what he means by 'Political Islam.' According to him, Islamism or Political Islam "refers
to forms of political theory and practice that have as their goal the establishment of an
Islamic political order in the sense of a state whose governmental principles, institutions
and legal system derive directly from the shari'ah" (p. 57).
Manadaville organizes the results of his research in ten chapters. The first three
chapters deal with the key themes and concepts in the history of Islam pertaining to
political thought and order, from 622 CE to mid twentieth century. The next five chapters
include detailed case studies on almost all the major events, ideas and personalities of the
movement for the revival of political Islam in different Muslim countries. The last two
chapters provide an overview of the major findings of the survey and identify new actors
in the intellectual field of Islamic revival. The author thus takes his readers beyond Hasan
al-Banna (d. 1368/1949), Sayyid Abu 'l-A'la Mawdudi (d. 1399/1979) and Sayyid Qutb
(d. 1386/1966) not only to Muhammad al-Sha'rawi, Yusuf al- Qaradawi, 'Amr Khalid and
Abdolkarim Saroush, but also to thinkers who have developed highly innovative and
pluralistic interpretations of Islam in recent years.
The survey does not cover the entire Muslim population, but is confined to only
those individuals, organizations and groups who are contributing or have contributed in
85
recent past to Islamic revival or have participated in the movements that fall within the
defined orbit of 'Political Islam.'
The author begins with the premise that to understand Muslim politics in the
contemporary world, "it is particularly important to understand accurately the significance
of Prophet Muhammad in the Islamic tradition" (p. 25). According to him, "Muhammad
is wholly human" (p. 25) and this provides the main deviation of Islam from other major
religions of the world. With this basic premise in the background, Mandaville arrives at
the following key themes and concepts in the history of 'Political Islam:'
*'Muslim politics in the sense of debate and contestation between multiple interpretations
of religion' begins with the death of the Prophet (11/632);
* Tribal influences began to encroach on Muslim politics beginning with the reign of
'Uthm*n (24.35/644.656);
* Effective political power was concentrated in the hands of a relatively small Arab
autocratic elite despite the dispersion of Islam to a large part of the civilized world;
* Muslim social classes and institutions that today constitute the eMuslim political
societyf and which survived till the abolition of caliphate in Turkey in 1924, initially
emerged under the Abbasids in the eighth/fourteenth century and have survived since
then; and
* The Islamic political thought was plunged into a crisis with the abolition of the
caliphate.
This crisis produced a number of thinkers and activists such as Jam+l al- Din al-
Afghani (1255-1316/1839-1898), Mu+ammad 'Abduh (1265-1323/ 1849-1905) and
Mu+ammad Rashid Rida (1282-1354/1865-1935) who explored how Muslims should
respond to the new challenges of Western imperialism, secularism and modernism. The
most effective responses, however, came from Hasan al-Banna of Egypt and Sayyid Abu
'l-A'la Mawdudi of Pakistan, followed by Sayyid Qutb of Egypt. …
106 Book entitled Global Political Islam was
A. A Mandaville‘s thesis
B. A news from journal
C. A Mandaville‘s survey
D. A political report
E. A Mandaville‘s lecture
107 The word ‗Shari‘ah‘ in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning with
86
A. Islamic Teaching
B. Islamic Jurisprudence
C. Islamic Doctrine
D. Islamic institution
E. Islamic Law
108 Find the name that is regarded as the new thinker who has developed highly
innovative and pluralistic interpretations of Islam in recent years.
A. Sayyid Qutb
B. Mawdudi
C. Amr Khalid
D. Al-Kindi
E. Ibnu Rusdi
109 The following is the Mandaville‘s key themes and concepts in the history of
'Political Islam‘ EXCEPT :
A. After the death of the Prophet, it was a rising of Muslim politics in the sense
of debate and contestation between multiple interpretations of religion'
B. Muslim social classes and institutions that today constitute the eMuslim
political societyf and which survived till the abolition of caliphate in Turkey
in 1924, initially emerged under the Abbasids in the eighth/fourteenth century
and have survived since then; and
C. Small Arab autocratic elite controlled the political power effectively despite
the dispersion of Islam to a large part of the civilized world
D. Muslim and Non-Muslim worked together on behalf of stability of global
politics
E. The Islamic political thought was plunged into a crisis with the abolition of
the caliphate.
110 The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. refute the theory that Islam is not compatible with Global Politics
B. offer an explanation of about a global political Islamic book.
C. suggest methods about research in global political Islam
D. argue that Islam can lead the world
E. Analysis the book entitled global political Islam
Passage For Question 111-115:

87
Bibliography of the Translations of the Meanings of the Glorious Quran into
English: 1641-2002: A Critical Study
The work is a valuable survey of all complete English translations of the Qur'an
made during the last 350 years. Both the author and the King Fahd Qur'an Printing
Complex are to be complimented having kept the highest standards of scholarship and
production in this work.
The author, Abdur Raheem Kidwai, is Professor of English and Director, UGC
Academic Staff College at the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. For decades he has
been teaching English language and literature and is thoroughly familiar with the Western
academic tradition. Besides, for the grater part of his life Kidwai has been involved in
serving the cause of the Qur'an. One of the areas of his special interest is the critical study
of the Qur'an scholarship in English. The work under review presents a comprehensive
and critical assessment of various English translations in terms of their strengths and
weaknesses.
In his Introduction the author has delved deep into the history of English
translations of the Qur'an. He has rightly pointed out the pitfalls in the field, bringing to
forelight the inadequacy and incompetence of a number of Qur'an translators whose
flawed versions have put readers off from the study of the Qur'an. For instance,
Muhammad Ashfaq Husain (b. 1931), an English translator of the urdu translation of the
Qur'an by Mahmud al-Hasan (1851- 1920) and Shabbir Ahmad 'Uthmani (1887-1949)
gives his comments on Pakistani politics in 1990 although the original work goes back to
the 1930s (see, p. 198). Another deplorable aspect of this field is plagiarism. Some
translators have audaciously lifted material, without any acknowledgement from the
earlier works of 'Abdullah Y-suf 'Ali (1872-1953) and Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall
(1875-1936). As to the English version of some outstanding Urdu tafsīr works, the author
laments the poor quality of their presentation in English. He has forcefully pleaded for the
production of a new English translation of the Qur'an in the current idiom which caters to
the intellectual needs of a wide universal readership, one that is not too literal and
conveys the message of the Qur'an, is free from sectarianism and is not overlaid with far
fetched allusions to mysticism and science. In sum, the new English translation should
meet the multifarious needs of the English speaking readers of the Qur'an (see, pp. xvii-
xix).
The author has introduced and critically analyzed as many as 47 complete English
translations of the Qur'an. Each translation has been scrutinized under the following
88
heads: (1) Biography of the translator, in which the author traces and comments upon the
main features of the translator's formative years. In some instances, however, the
biographical information is not quite complete. (2) Publication History which is aimed at
providing a brief account of the number of editions and their reception. This, in turn,
helps readers realise the importantce and impact of the translator's work. For example, it
has been pointed out regarding the Qadiyani translator Sher Ali's The Holy Quran (first
published in 1947) that in 1982 alone it was reprinted as many as 13 times and 160,000
copies of the translation were circulated in Pakistan, Ghana and Hong Kong (p. 106). (3)
Features of the translation, which forms the most valuable part of the work in which the
strengths and weaknesses of each translation have been discussed at length. The contents
under this head enable the reader to learn not only about the numerous non- Muslim
translators, but also their motives, their underlying assumptions about the Qur'an, and the
main contours of the Western scholarship on Islam as such. Under this head the author
also highlights that some Muslim translators, under the spell of non-Muslim translators of
the Qur'an, have adopted an apologetic approach to the Qur'an's interpretation. …
111 The bibliography of the translations of the meanings of the glorious Quran into
English was
A. A compilation of Quran translation in all languages.
B. A history of English translations of the Quran.
C. A professor review about the bibliography of the translation of the meaning
of the glorious Quran into English
D. An Abdur Rahman Kidwai‘s research
E. A survey of all English translations of the Qur‘an made during the last 350
years
112 What does the word ‗glorious‘ in the title mean?
A. Big
B. Noble
C. Good
D. Fine
E. Better
113 What did Shabbir Ahmad Uthmani do in his qur‘an translation.
A. Gave comments about politics
B. Surveyed the politics in Pakistan
89
C. Provided commentary on Pakistani politics
D. Made a critical study
E. Interpreted another qur‘an translation
114 How many times and copies was Sher Ali‘s Holy Quran reprinted in 1982
A. As many as 33 times and 160,000 copies
B. As many as 13 times and 160,000 copies
C. As many as 13 times and 150,000 copies
D. As many as 88 times and 160,000 copies
E. As many as 13 times and 180,000 copies
115 The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. argue that quran possibly can be translated into all alanguage.
B. refute the theory that same verses in the quran can not be trasnalted.
C. suggest methods about translating the meaning of the Quran.
D. offer a critical study of the Quran translation works.
E. offer an explanation about translation of the meaning of the glorious quran
into Engliah.
Passage For Question 116-120:
Islamic Literary Networks in South and Southeast Asia

Networks of travel and trade have often been viewed as pivotal to understanding
interactions among Muslims in various regions of South and Southeast Asia. What if we
thought of language and literature as an additional network, one that crisscrossed these
regions over centuries and provided a powerful site of interaction and exchange facilitated
by the dissemination of stories, ideas and beliefs? This article presents a history of such
networks in Southeast India and the Indonesian–Malay world, drawing on sources in
Javanese, Malay and Tamil.
Among Muslim communities in these regions practices of reading, learning,
translation, adaptation and transmission helped shape a cosmopolitan sphere which was
both closely connected with the broader, universal Muslim community and rooted in local
and regional identities. Circulating shared stories, beliefs and citations of prior works
created a space that allowed those with similar convictions to connect over great distances
by virtue of a common technology.
90
In previous centuries the technology was one of copying, translating and
disseminating texts in local languages infused with Arabic words, idioms, syntax and
literary forms. For example, the famous Book of One Thousand Questions, composed in
Arabic around the tenth century, was translated—among other languages—into Persian,
Urdu, Tamil, Javanese, Malay and Bugis. Such translations—in their myriad variations—
point to interactions not only among particular people but also to interactions between
and among languages and scripts, between the cosmopolitan Arabic and vernaculars like
Javanese or Tamil.
Drawing on Pollock's theory of the ‗Sanskrit cosmopolis‘ of 300–1300 AD I
argue for a later, partially overlapping ‗Arabic cosmopolis‘ in some of the same regions.
Literary networks within this cosmopolis contributed to the rise of Islamic educational
institutions, life cycle rites, and the adoption of modes of expression and creativity
common across a great geographical and cultural space.
116 The author proposes a question that interaction among Muslims in the south and
south east Asia was not only because of travel and trade network but also
A. culture and religion
B. language and literature
C. songs and music
D. politics and economy
E. science and technology
117 What does the word ‗dissemination‘ opposite to?
A. Spread
B. Deployment
C. Gather
D. Dispersion
E. Propagation
118 What did create a space that allowed those with similar convictions to connect
over great distances by virtue of a common technology
A. Sharing the common problem among different community
B. Getting along with other south and southeast Asian people
C. Translating some of famous works
D. Circulating shared stories, beliefs and citations of prior works
91
E. Getting the advantages from each other
119. The book entitles ‗Book of One Thousand Questions‘ was translated into the
following languages EXCEPT :
A. Tamil
B. Malay
C. Urdu
D. Javanese
E. Farsi
120 What was the advantage of literary networks within the cosmopolis for Muslims
A. It contributed to the rise of Islamic Educational institutions
B. It taught Islam peacefully through literacy
C. It motivated Muslim for studying Arabic thoroughly
D. It contributed to the rise of Islamic Economy
E. It gave financial aids for Poor South and Southeast Asian Muslims
********
REFERENCES
Aziz, Molvi Abdul.m 2011. Islamic Studies Grade 11. Riyadh: Maktaba Dar-us-
salam. King Fahd National Catalog in Publication Data.
Aziz, Molvi Abdul.m 2011. Islamic Studies Grade 10. Riyadh: Maktaba Dar-us-
salam. King Fahd National Catalog in Publication Data.
92
Dutwin, Phyllis. 2010. English Grammar: Demystified. New York: The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc.
Karim, M. Abdul. ―The Advent of Islam In Indonesia: The Indian Theory‖. Paper
presented in Join Conference Islamic State University of Sunan Kalijaga and
International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Mei 2017.
Muhaimin, A. G. 1995. The Islamic Tradition of Cirebon. Australia National

University.
Sargeant, Howard. 2007. Basic English Grammar: for English Language Learner. Irvine:
Saddleback Educational Publishing.
www.esl-lab.com
www.yeuanhvan.com
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive/exercises?05
https://www.englishgrammar.org/active-passive-voice-exercise-3/
http://www.wordpower.ws/grammar/gramex09.html#a6
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/rohingya-flee
myanmar_us_59ac210ce4b0b5e530ff499f
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/rohingya-land-grab-
military_us_59b96400e4b02da0e13e79f4
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BOOK 1

BUILD UP YOUR ENGLISH: Learning Module for Sunan Pandanaran Islamic

Printed and Published in Yogyakarta

In the name of Allah the Compassionate, the Merciful. All praises be to

Toni Pransiska, M.Pd.I

Basic Learning Time

Responding Identifying Expression of Telling about 150 Leo, -

Differentiating Understanding Identifying Lecturing 150 Frank, Grammar

Memahami Memahami Understanding Lecturing 150 Thomson Reading the

Understanding Able to imitate Basic Pronunciation, 150 Lougheed,

Understanding Able to give Listening Listening to 150 Lougheed,

Responding Analyzing, Reading Reading, 150 Aziz, Molvi

Understanding Writing some Basic Lecturing 150 Aziz, Molvi

Writing an Writing an Writing Personal 150 Aziz, Molvi

Understanding Speaking, Speaking Group 150 Aziz, Molvi

Peachering Peachering Preaching Independent 150 Aziz, Molvi

16 Final Test Simulation

Memorize and remember the following key vocabularies!

The Pesantren In Operation:

Answer the following question

Credit Card Charge Form

2. how many seats are there in the new theater

4. How much will the woman pay for hotel room?

Understanding the Alphabet

Circle all the nouns in the following sentences.

4. Credit cards are a great convenience until we overspend!

5. Check your credit at least once a year.

6. A lawyer testiﬁed on that case.

7. A renowned designer of glass is Dale Chihuly.

8. Carpet covered the entire space.

10. Lawmakers held hearings on the growing deﬁcit.

3. My house is cold in the winter.

4. The child felt sad.

5. I am the president of our social club.

6. The company‘s eight stores closed in 2008.

7. My bank will merge with a larger one.

8. Blueﬁsh and bass are abundant in Long Island Sound.

9. September 11, 2001, is a date seared in most memories.

10. A man, arrested for drunk driving, produced his identiﬁcation.

Circle all the adjectives in the following sentences.

4. Richard, tall and tan, returned from a long vacation.

5. A sleek car arrived at the front door.

6. The strapping quarterback fell to the ground.

7. His right knee was injured badly.

8. The loud, pulsing music tore through the small space.

9. An angry landlord rushed upstairs to complain.

10. A friend, gesturing and smiling, left the auction.

Circle the correct word to complete each sentence.

Correct the pronoun errors in each of the following sentences.

Memorize and remember the following key vocabularies!

The Prophet’s Birth: The Year of the Elephant

1. What is the important event after the failed expedition on Ka‘ba?

The Simple Present Tense

Read the following passage. Fill in there‘s,thereare,thereisn‘tor therearen‘tin the blank

A big chute to slide on and a huge sandbox to play in.

many trees to give shade, but a fountain where we can

1. It is another sunny day today.

2. This is my sister. She is five.

4. She is not my best friend. You are my best friend.