Senior High School Department

UCSP for ALL STRANDS 2020 Edition

LESSON 2: THE SOCIAL SCIENCES: SOCIOLOGY,

ANTHROPOLOGY, AND POLITICAL SCIENCE
DLP NO: 2
GRADE LEVEL: 12 (ALL STRANDS)
QUARTER: 1
DAY: 2
DURATION: 1 hour
LEARNING COMPETENCY/IES
• Discuss the nature, goals and perspectives in/of anthropology, sociology and
political science

KEY CONCEPTS/UNDERSTANDINGS TO BE DEVELOPED:

• Social forces that shape the life chances of social actors
• The forms of social forces within the purview of sociology, anthropology, and political
science
• The cultural bases of social behavior
• The role of cultural and social diversities in promoting open-mindedness about
existing and emerging social identities
• The political nature of social change
• Social engagements, both personal and shared, as forms of social activism
• Advantages of social change in the promotion of cultures and development of society
CONTENT: The Social Sciences: Sociology, Anthropology, and Political Science
LEARNING RESOURCES: Text manual, Power Point presentation.
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
By the end of the lesson students should:
1. Articulate how sociology, anthropology, and political science explain the
notions of the social within their respective disciplinal domains
2. Explain the benefits of recognizing the operation of social forces when
using the sociological, anthropological, and political imagination
3. Understand the shared concerns of sociology, anthropology, and
political science with respect to the nature of social change
4. Appreciate the role of social diversity in promoting social understanding
and cultural tolerance

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UCSP for ALL STRANDS 2020 Edition

INTRODUCTION

Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science are the essential academic disciplines
that take a closer look at society and culture. Understanding how individuals behave,
interact, and develop within the societies can enlighten us on the factors, forces, and
processes that encourage and hinder the progress of societies and cultures in today’s world.
An appreciation of the underlying principles and concepts that define society and culture can
set us on the road toward understanding, analyzing, and solving the significant issues and
concerns that confront our own society.

STARTER ACTIVITY
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENT’S ACTIVITY
A. Photo Essay A. Follow the instruction from the left side
Does the scene below qualify as a of the table, do as what the teacher
form of social engagement? Why or instructed and then answer the
why not? questions on activity analysis.
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ACTIVITY ANALYSIS

Direction: Write your answers on the right side of the table.

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENT’S ACTIVITY
a. If the scene qualified as a form of
social engagement, what is its
relevance to the society?
b. Does the society
recognize/participate in this kind of
social engagement? Yes or No?
Explain.

ABSTRACTION and DISCUSSION

LESSON TEACHER’S EXPLANATION

THE SOCIAL AS “DRIVER OF INTERACTION”

The study of society can be accomplished in ➢ These attempts—different

three different ways: unique in their basic assumptions about
(1) By mapping the social forces impinging what makes society possible and the
on social actors as their lives intersect in network of relationships that define
society and constitute it—are made due to a
(2) By rehearsing the structures and common concern: to understand the
components of cultural practices and dynamics of social interactions in
traditions society.
(3) By exposing the asymmetrical power
distributions among members of social
communities and organizations.

ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, AND

POLITICAL SCIENCE

Understanding culture, society and politics

involve the interplay of at least three social
science disciplines; anthropology, sociology,
and political science.

Anthropology – is the systematic study of the ➢ It can be easily defined as the

biological, cultural, and social aspects of man. It scientific study of humanity. The most
is derived from two Greek words, Anthropos, common tool that aid Anthropologists
which means “man,” and logos, which means in studying humanity is archeology. In
“study” or “inquiry.” It is a significant branch of short, anthropology can be defined as a

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UCSP for ALL STRANDS 2020 Edition

knowledge because it integrates elements from science that deals with the study of
the biological sciences and humanities to fully human beings and their humanity
comprehend the complex human species, through the examination of a people’s
including their past practices and social biological and cultural past and
patterns across diverse cultures. comparing these with that of another
group or community. Anthropology just
like sociology makes use of scientific
research in order to find the truth about
the existence of man. This subject can
also be construed as a subject dealing
with question “what constructs the
humanity of humans?”

SUBFIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
Anthropology as what was pointed out is a
comprehensive course and tackles many
subjects. Anthropology is divided in major sub-
fields. These are:

1. Socio-cultural/Cultural Anthropology ➢ This sub-field of anthropology

deals with the study of human culture
and its influences on the daily lives of
people. It also deals with the study of
the differences and similarities of
various cultures and how they correlate
with each other.

2. Biological/Physical Anthropology ➢ This sub-field of anthropology

studies the biological or physical
aspects of human beings such as but not
limited to genetics, paleoanthropology,
evolutionary science and population
diversity. This sub-field involves
studies regarding man as a biological
culture and therefore subject to the
laws of biology such as heredity.

3. Archaeology ➢ Archaeology is basically the

study of the cultural heritage of the past
through examination of the physical
remains and ruins of past cultures. It
also involves the studies regarding
ancient civilizations. Anthropologists
study cultures and civilizations even
though some of them are so ancient that

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they did not leave any writing about

their cultural heritage.

4. Anthropological Linguistics ➢ This sub-field of anthropology

deals with the influences of language
and symbols to human culture. Without
language, there could be no culture to
speak of since culture can only be
transmitted through symbols of
communication. Hence, communication
is an essential tool for passing culture
from generation to generation.

Sociology – is defined by Anthony Giddens as ➢ Sociology has been defined as the

“the study of human social life, groups, and scientific study of the society which
society.” It is an academic discipline that necessarily entails the study of all
attempts to provide a deeper assessment of the human activities in the society.
individual and group behavior, as well as social Sociology is a broad course that deals
phenomena, by examining the interplay with all human activities inside the
between economic, political, and social factors. society including all interactions with
other human beings, social institutions,
social problems and dilemmas and all
other social forces inside the society. It
is a subject that has so many
ramifications and complications. It is in
sociology that one will know how it is to
live as a man inside the confines of the
society and its culture. It helps people
how to understand the realities of the
everyday social life and will eventually
unravel the many mysteries of human
life.

SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE AS A TOOL IN

UNDERSTANDING SOCIOLOGY

A sociological perspective is a kind of

conceptual framework or paradigm for looking
into the intricate relationships among
individuals in the society and how they react to
their environment. Through time, different
sociological perspectives were used by
sociologists to analyze social inquiry. These
sociological perspectives are the:

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1. The Functionalist Perspective

This perspective sees the society as composed ➢ This perspective can be
of different but interdependent integral parts compared to an automobile as a thing
and these parts play a vital role in keeping the that functions through the different
society together in-tact and functioning. All the functions of its parts performing their
parts of the society have different functions tasks altogether. A defect in one part’s
that in turn maintain the society. A function is function could affect the output of the
what the different parts of the society do for the entire automobile. The same goes for
maintenance of the social order. the society. The society can be seen as a
composition of different parts such as
the government, the church, schools
and other social institutions. These
parts must function interdependently
in order for the society to maintain its
social order.

2. Symbolic Interactionism
It is a term coined by the notable sociologist ➢ Symbolic interactionism incudes
Herbert Blumer. He believes that in order to studying human conversations,
understand society, it is of paramount concern responses and interpretation. People
to know the underlying concepts embedded in always direct themselves on how they
everyday communication and interaction. The situate their actions in the overall
Symbolic Interactionist perspective outlines impact of the way they see people relate
social interaction and focuses on it to themselves to him. This happens
understand social phenomenon. The way through self- awareness, shared
individuals interact and communicate with symbols and negotiated order.
each other can be characterized by symbolism.
These symbols used in everyday experiences
and encounters with other people in the form
of language, written or unwritten is the key in
understanding society.

A. Self-Awareness
➢ An individual is believed to be
self- aware if they can see themselves in
the perspective of another individual.
Interaction with other people can
happen if individuals are aware that
they exist and that they have their own
individuality and personality different
from others. Individuals generate their
concept of the self through the different
ways other people see them plus the
way they see themselves. One’s self-
awareness is present; an individual can

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characterize his own self in accordance

B. Shared Symbols to his conception of himself.

➢ Man is considered to be a
symbolic animal. This is so because
man always imputes symbols to things.
Once a meaning or concept is attached
to a thing or even an idea, a symbol
arises. Symbols fill the society in all
walks of life. We find symbols in
bathrooms, cafeteria, roads, classrooms
and even our own private rooms. Many
of these symbols that we encounter in
our day to day lives are also shared by
many others and with these symbols,
our interaction with each other
becomes meaningful in the context of
our shared symbols. We can
communicate with each other because
we basically know a common language
that can make our conversation
meaningful.
C. Negotiated Order

➢ When people interact with each

other, there is already a preconceived
reaction or response to every kind of
interaction. However, these
preconceptions can be re-negotiated in
another way which can be also
understood by the other people. In this
way, human can always invent and re-
invent ideas and symbols use for
3. Social Conflict Perspective interaction.
The society is always full of different groups
socially stratified. The stratification could arise ➢ The social conflict theory as
from economic status, different ideologies, and inspired by the sociologists and
other means of stratification. People from political thinker Karl Marx studies the
different groups are often in conflict with different social groups or classes and
another social group. When people advance outlines how they clash with one
their needs, they often pair up with others who another. To illustrate this, Karl Marx,
share their perspective and tend to clash with used different social classes such as the
others with a different point of view or status. upper class and the lower class. The
two classes which could be generally
characterized as the rich and the poor
furthers their own economic needs and

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results in a conflict and in certain cases

even a revolution is inevitable.
Political Science- is the art of politics and
governance. It is a Social Science that deals with
the study of the vacillating spectrums of politics ➢ It is the systematic study of
as it relates to the different situations both politics, which described as “the
inside and outside the government. It embraces activity through which people make,
the encompassing topics in the Social Sciences preserve, and amend the general rules
that have a touch of politics and governance. under which they live. Political science
focuses on the fundamental values of
equality, freedom, and justice and its
processes are linked to the dynamics of
conflict, resolution, and cooperation.
Political scientists help us understand
the nature and characteristics of
authority and power distribution and
how it shapes the way the society is
organized.
THE DIFFERENT FIELDS IN POLITICAL
SCIENCE

1. Political Philosophy

➢ This is the most basic of all

Political Science subjects. Most of the
other subjects in the field of Political
Science merely originated from
Political Philosophy. Political
Philosophy could also be considered as
a sub-branch of Philosophy. It deals
with the study of concepts such as
politics, government, liberty, and
justice. It even comprehends the most
difficult and abstract questions such as
but not limited to what the best form of
Government is or what should be the
2. Comparative Government and Politics best formula for good policy making.

➢ This sub-field incorporates topics

such as the different forms of
government found in different
countries around the world with their
concomitant advantages and
3. Public Administration disadvantages.

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➢ This subject deals with the study

of bureaucracy behind the government
4. International Relations and the proper way to administer the
needs of the general public.

➢ Topics in International
Diplomacy and Public International
Law are included in this subject. It is the
study of the diplomatic relations and
practices among the states in the
worldview setting and low power is
being balanced in the international
level.

CONCLUDING THOUGHTS

➢ Anthropology is the systematic study of the biological, cultural, and social

aspects of man.
➢ Anthropology is divided in major sub-fields. These are: socio-cultural/cultural
anthropology, biological/physical anthropology, archaeology and
anthropological Linguistics.
➢ Sociology is defined as the study of human social life, groups, and society.
➢ A sociological perspective is a kind of conceptual framework or paradigm for
looking into the intricate relationships among individuals in the society and
how they react to their environment.
➢ This functional perspective sees the society as composed of different but
interdependent integral parts and these parts play a vital role in keeping the
society together in-tact and functioning.
➢ Symbolic Interactionist perspective outlines social interaction and focuses on
it to understand social phenomenon.
➢ The social conflict theory as inspired by the sociologists and political thinker
Karl Marx studies the different social groups or classes and outlines how they
clash with one another.
➢ Political Science is the art of politics and governance.

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