Market Leader 3rd Edition - Intermediate - Course Book - Trends

UNIT 6 •• MONEY
LANGUAGE REVIEW We can describe trends in English in different ways.

Describing 1 Verbs of change
trends Demand for BlackBerries has soared in recent years.
Sales are fo/ling.
Prafits improved in July.
2 Prepositions
Prafits rase 5% to $1.4 billion.
The sales of Dupont have gone up fram $19.6 billion to $27.4 billion.
Sales rase by 20% aver the holiday period.
This represents a decrease of 16.4% from the first quarter.
The average retail gasoline price stood at $4. 1 1 a gal/on yesterday.
3 Different verb forms

The figures paint a gloomy picture forJapanese growth. (present simple)
The unemployment rate is rising. (present continuous)
Last summer, our market share fell. (past simple)
1 2
This year, orders fram Brazil have levelled off. (present perfect)
� � If the price ofpetral rises further, we'll make a loss. (first conditional)
Cl Grammar reference page 148
3 4
m What kind of movement do these verbs describe? Match them to the
b �
symbols (1-11) on the left. Then compare your answers with your partner.
(You will need to use some symbols more than once.)
decline increase double level off decrease peak
5 6 gain rocket fall triple fluctuate rise
� �
drop plummet halve recover improve jump
Il Which of the verbs in Exercise A also have noun forms? What are they?
7 EXAMPLE: to increase - a n ;f)crease

8
� � Ii look at the graphs below. Complete the sentences about them with
appropriate prepositions.
1 Sales have increased . . . . . €Sm . . . . . . . . . . . €7m.
9 10
2 Sales have increased . . . . . . . . . . . . €2m.
� lL '\
3 There has been an increase . . . . . . . . . . . €2m in our sales.
4 Sales now stand . . . . . . . . . . . . €7m.
11 5 Sales reached a peak . . . . . . . . . . €7m in July.
12/6
6 Sales reached a low point . . . . . . . . . . . €lm in April.
III Write two more sentences about each of these graphs.
8 8
6 6
. 5 .
" "
� 4 � 4
·E ·E
� 3 � 3
2 2
0 0
last year This year M A M A S a N D
56
UNIT 6 •• MONEY
SKILLS USEFUL LANGUAGE
Dealing with YEARS DECIMALS

figures
1984 nineteen eighty-four 16.5 sixteen point five
2012 two thousand and twelve 17.38% seventeen point three eight per cent
or twenty twelve 0.185 (nought Izera) paint one eight five
CURRENCIES FRACTIONS
0.15 three pounds fifteen t Q quarter t a half
$7.80 seven dol/ors eighty
t two thirds t three quarters
€250 two hundred and fifty euros
¥ 12 5 one hundred and twenty-five yen
BIGGER N UMBERS
3,560 three thousand five hundred and sixty (BrE)
three thousand five hundred sixty (ArnE)
598,347 five hundred and ninety-eight thousand, three hundred and forty-seven (BrE)
five hundred ninety-eight thousand, three hundred forty-seven (ArnE)
1,300,402 one million three hundred thousand, four hundred and two (BrE)
one mil/ion three hundred thousand, four hundred two (Am E)
1m one 10 mil/ion (1,000,000)
3bn three billion (3,000,000,000)
$7.5bn seven point five billion dol/ors
€478m four hundred and seventy-eight mil/ion euros (BrE)
four hundred seventy-eight million euros (ArnE)
If yo u don't specify an exact amount, a plural is used.
It cost thousands of dol/ars. They spent millions of euros.
m Work i n pairs. Student A, turn to page 136 and read the text aloud to
Student B. Student B, listen to Student A while reading this article.
Correct any i ncorrect information.
Business
FTSE 250 rell 1 8 9 . 1 points or Airways, down 5 .2 per cent to
1 .9 per cent to 9,534.8. 225�p. fel l even further after
10 Only eight blue·chip stocks Morgan Stanley cut its target
in brief
managed to make gains. The to 149p. This was because
best was Smith & Nephew. 25 of worries about increcl sing
Shares in the medical devices fuel prices.
It was a bad day for the group rose 2.9 percent 10 595Y.!p Tate and Lyle, the sugar and
London market. Following 15 after UBS upgraded the stock sweeteners group, lost 5.2 per
disappointing results from to a 'buy' recommendation. cent to 402 Y.i P after CityGroup
Fed Ex in the US and fears S&N was also supPol1ed by 30 lowered its forecasts because
5 of a credit crunch. the FfSE rumours of a bid approach frorn of rising corn prices. Following
100 fell 105 points or 1 .8 per a Japanese company. recent noods in the US. the cost
cent to 5,756.9, while the 20 On the other hand, British of com has risen 25 per cent.
D "'» C01.40 Listen and check the pronunciation of the figures.
D Write all the numbers from the correct version of the article i n Exercise A
i n full, according to the way they are pronounced.
EXAMPLE: 105 points Q hued red Q e d five poi et,
57
GRAMMAR REFERENCE
11 Articles II Describing trends
The indefinite article: a/an 1 To describe changing circumstances, we can

use verbs of movement.
We use alan in the following ways:
1 before unspecified singular countable nouns.
improve increase recover rise (..)
She works in an office.
decline decrease drop fal/ ('o)
A dramatic movement may be expressed by:
2 with the names of professions.
rocket soar
She's an executive and he's a manager.
dive plummet
3 in expressions of measurement. A slight movement can be indicated by:
We charge $500an hour. edge up (..)
It sel/s at €1.75 a litre. edge down dip
4 before a noun to mean all things of the The amount of increase can also be
same type. indicated using these verbs:
A 1055 leader is an article that a store sel/s halve (1/J
at a law price to tempt customers to buy double (x2)
other goods.
triple (x3)
The definite article: the quadruple (x4)
We use the: increase tenfold (xl 0)
1 when it is clear from the context what Or with a preposition:

particular thing or place is meant. Our business grew by 15% last year.
/'1/ meet you in the reception area. Sales have increased from €5 million to
€5.B mil/ion.
2 before a noun that we have mentioned
before. 2 Changes which have not reached their
They had a villa in Cannes and a chalet in end-point are expressed using -ing.
Innsbruck, but they sold the viI/a. Profits are falling.
3 before adjectives to specify a category of Unemployment has been rising.

people or things. If the change is com plete, we use a perfect
the rich, the poor, the French, the tense.
unemployed, the World Wide Web The government has privatised the rail
network.
Zero article: (m Sales have increased, and that has meant
We do not use an article before: higher profits.
1 mass nouns used in general statements.

(iii) Money is the root of 01/ (iii) evil.
2 the names of places and people.

(iii) Poland, (iii) Japan, (iii) Dr Spock,
(iii) President Obama
148

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UNIT 6 •• MONEY

LANGUAGE REVIEW We can describe trends in English in different ways.

3 Different verb forms

5 6 gain rocket fall triple fluctuate rise

7 EXAMPLE: to increase - a n ;f)crease

11 5 Sales reached a peak . . . . . . . . . . €7m in July.

III Write two more sentences about each of these graphs.

SKILLS USEFUL LANGUAGE

Dealing with YEARS DECIMALS

D "'» C01.40 Listen and check the pronunciation of the figures.

11 Articles II Describing trends

The indefinite article: a/an 1 To describe changing circumstances, we can

The definite article: the quadruple (x4)

We use the: increase tenfold (xl 0)

1 when it is clear from the context what Or with a preposition:

3 before adjectives to specify a category of Unemployment has been rising.

1 mass nouns used in general statements.

2 the names of places and people.

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