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    Unit 2 - Matter and Energy Characteristics of Matter and CALCULATION IN Chemistry

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    This document discusses matter and its classifications. It defines matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. Matter can be classified as elements, compounds, mixtures, substances, or states of matter. Elements are substances that cannot be broken down further, while compounds are formed by chemical bonds between elements. Mixtures maintain their individual identities and can be separated physically. Substances have uniform compositions. States of matter include solids, liquids, and gases based on molecular arrangements. The document also distinguishes between physical properties, which identify substances without changing composition, and chemical properties, which involve chemical changes.

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    Unit 2 - Matter and Energy Characteristics of Matter and CALCULATION IN Chemistry

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    49 views4 pages
    This document discusses matter and its classifications. It defines matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. Matter can be classified as elements, compounds, mixtures, substances, or states of matter. Elements are substances that cannot be broken down further, while compounds are formed by chemical bonds between elements. Mixtures maintain their individual identities and can be separated physically. Substances have uniform compositions. States of matter include solids, liquids, and gases based on molecular arrangements. The document also distinguishes between physical properties, which identify substances without changing composition, and chemical properties, which involve chemical changes.

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    1. Classification, Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

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    This document discusses matter and its classifications. It defines matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. Matter can be classified as elements, compounds, mixtures, substances, or states of matter. Elements are substances that cannot be broken down further, while compounds are formed by chemical bonds between elements. Mixtures maintain their individual identities and can be separated physically. Substances have uniform compositions. States of matter include solids, liquids, and gases based on molecular arrangements. The document also distinguishes between physical properties, which identify substances without changing composition, and chemical properties, which involve chemical changes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    49 views4 pages

    Unit 2 - Matter and Energy Characteristics of Matter and CALCULATION IN Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    Twice Once
    This document discusses matter and its classifications. It defines matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. Matter can be classified as elements, compounds, mixtures, substances, or states of matter. Elements are substances that cannot be broken down further, while compounds are formed by chemical bonds between elements. Mixtures maintain their individual identities and can be separated physically. Substances have uniform compositions. States of matter include solids, liquids, and gases based on molecular arrangements. The document also distinguishes between physical properties, which identify substances without changing composition, and chemical properties, which involve chemical changes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    Unit 2 - Matter and Energy

    Characteristics of Matter and


    CALCULATION IN Chemistry

    LEARNING OBJECTIVES
    • Classify matter and distinguish between physical and chemical
    properties/changes.

    1.0 Classification, Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter


    Classifications of Matter
    Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anythingthat
    occupies space and has mass. Chemists distinguish among several subcategories of matter
    based on composition and properties. The classifications of matter include substances,
    mixtures, elements, and compounds.
    A substance is a form of matter that has a definite (constant) composition and distinct
    properties. Examples are water, ammonia, table sugar (sucrose), gold, and oxygen. While,
    mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their
    distinct identities. Some familiar examples are air, soft drinks, milk, and cement. Mixtures do
    not have constant composition.
    Mixtures are either homogeneous or heterogeneous. When a spoonful of sugar
    dissolves in water homogeneous mixture is obtain in which the composition of the mixture
    is the same throughout. If sand is mixed with iron filings, however, the sand grains and the
    iron filings remain separate. This type of mixture is called a heterogeneous mixture because
    the composition is not uniform. Any mixture, whether homogeneous or heterogeneous, can
    be created and then separated by physical means into pure components without changing
    the identities of the components. After separation, the components of the mixture will have
    the same composition and properties as they did to start with.
    Elements and Compounds
    Substances can be either elements or compounds. An element is a substance that
    cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means. For convenience, chemists
    use symbols of one or two letters to represent the elements. Atoms of most elements can
    interact with one another to form compounds. Compound is composed of atoms of two or
    more elements chemically united in fixed proportions. Unlike mixtures, compounds can be
    separated only by chemical means into their pure components.
    The relationships among elements, compounds, and other categories of matter are
    summarized in the figure below.

    Substances can exist in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Distances between
    molecules distinguish them from one another. Solid, molecules are held close together in
    an orderly fashion with little freedom of motion. Molecules in a liquid are close together
    but are not held so rigidly in position and can move past one another. In a gas, the
    molecules are separated by distances that are large compared with the size of the
    molecules.

    The diagram below shows the molecular arrangement of the three states of matter.
    LEARNING ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES

    Refer to this simulation link to explore more understanding on the three


    states of matter
    https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/states-of-matter/latest/states-of-matter_en.html

    Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter


    Substances are identified by their properties as well as by their
    composition. A physical property can be measured and observed without
    changing the composition or identity of a substance. Color, melting point, and
    boiling point are physical properties.
    On the other hand, chemical property is the characteristic of a substance
    that is observed during a reaction in which the chemical composition or identity
    of the substance is changed. After such change, the original chemical substance
    vanished, and all that will be leftis a different chemical substance
    All measurable properties of matter fall into one of two additional
    categories: extensive properties and intensive properties. The measured value of
    an extensive propertydepends on how much matter is being considered. The
    value of an extensive quantitydepends on the amount of matter. Mass, length,
    and volume are examples of extensive properties. On the other hand, intensive
    property does not depend on how much matter is being considered. Color, odor,
    taste, density, and temperature such as boiling point and melting point are
    examples of intensive properties.

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